Publications

a comparison of the enzymological and biophysical properties of two distinct classes of dehydroquinase enzymes.	this paper compares the biophysical and mechanistic properties of a typical type i dehydroquinase (dhqase), from the biosynthetic shikimate pathway of escherichia coli, and a typical type ii dhqase, from the quinate pathway of aspergillus nidulans. c.d. shows that the two proteins have different secondary-structure compositions; the type i enzyme contains approx. 50% alpha-helix while the type ii enzyme contains approx. 75% alpha-helix. the stability of the two types of dhqase was compared by de ...	1992	1554351
protein kinases from aspergillus nidulans that phosphorylate the carboxyl-terminal domain of the largest subunit of rna polymerase ii.	three serine kinases which phosphorylate the ctd of rna polymerase ii have been identified in aspergillus nidulans. the kinases (ki, kii, kiii) were identified using a synthetic peptide containing four copies of the ctd consensus heptamer repeat, and differ in chromatographic behavior, and apparent molecular mass (ki approximately 60kda; kii approximately 82kda; kiii approximately 43 kda). kiii utilized, in addition to peptide, histone h1 as substrate, whereas casein was not phosphorylated by an ...	1992	1556138
disruption of a magnaporthe grisea cutinase gene.	using a one-step strategy to disrupt cut1, a gene for cutinase, cut1- mutants were generated in two strains of magnaporthe grisea. one strain, pathogenic on weeping lovegrass and barley and containing the arg3-12 mutation, was transformed with a disruption vector in which the aspergillus nidulans argb+ gene was inserted into cut1. prototrophic transformants were screened by southern hybridization, and 3 of 53 tested contained a disrupted cut1 gene (cut1::argb+). a second strain, pathogenic on ri ...	1992	1557024
sequence analysis of the gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) of podospora anserina: use of homologous regulatory sequences to improve transformation efficiency.	the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene of podospora anserina has been isolated from a genomic library by heterologous hybridization with the corresponding gene of curvularia lunata. the coding region consists of 1014 nucleotides and is interrupted by a single intron. the amino-acid sequence encoded by the gpd gene shows a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding gene products of various fungi. multiple alignments of all fungal gpd sequences so far available result ...	1992	1563046
cloning and sequence determination of a cdna encoding aspergillus nidulans calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase.	a partial cdna encoding aspergillus nidulans calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase (acmpk) was isolated from a lambda zap expression library by immunoselection using monospecific polyclonal antibodies to the enzyme. the sequence of both strands of the cdna (cmka) was determined. the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence contained all eleven consensus domains found in serine/threonine protein kinases [hanks et al., science 241 (1988) 42-52], as well as a putative calmodulin-binding domai ...	1992	1563634
identification of the promoter region involved in the autoregulation of the transcriptional activator alcr in aspergillus nidulans.	the alcr protein is the transcriptional activator of the ethanol utilization pathway in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. this activator belongs to a family of fungal proteins having a conserved dna-binding domain containing six cysteines (c6 class) with some striking features. at variance with other motifs of this class, the binding domain of alcr is strongly asymmetrical in relation to the central cysteines and moreover was predicted to adopt a helix-turn-helix structure. this domai ...	1992	1569930
effects of mutagen-sensitive mus mutations on spontaneous mitotic recombination in aspergillus.	methyl methane-sulfonate (mms)-sensitive, radiation-induced mutants of aspergillus were shown to define nine new dna repair genes, musk to muss. to test mus mutations for effects on mitotic recombination, intergenic crossing over was assayed between color markers and their centromeres, and intragenic recombination between two distinguishable ade alleles. of eight mutants analyzed, four showed significant deviations from mus+ controls in both tests. two mutations, musk and musl, reduced recombina ...	1992	1582555
cooperative regulation of cell proliferation by calcium and calmodulin in aspergillus nidulans.	calcium and calmodulin have been widely implicated in the control of cell proliferation. we have created a strain of the genetically tractable filamentous fungus, aspergillus nidulans, that is conditional for calmodulin expression. this was accomplished by replacing the unique endogenous calmodulin gene with one regulated by the inducible alcohol dehydrogenase (alca) gene promoter by homologous recombination. this strain cannot grow when the cells are incubated in medium containing a carbon sour ...	1992	1584213
regulation of aspergillus nidulans penicillin biosynthesis and penicillin biosynthesis genes acva and ipna by glucose.	expression of the aspergillus nidulans penicillin biosynthesis genes acva and ipna, encoding delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase and isopenicillin n synthetase, respectively, was analyzed. the intergenic region carrying the divergently oriented promoters was fused in frame in both orientations to escherichia coli lacz and e. coli uida reporter genes. each construct permits simultaneous expression studies of both genes. transformants of a. nidulans carrying a single copy o ...	1992	1592830
functional analysis of the expression of the 3'-phosphoglycerate kinase pgk gene in aspergillus nidulans.	a functional analysis of the aspergillus nidulans 3-phosphoglycerate kinase pgk promoter was undertaken using gene fusions to the lacz gene of escherichia coli, and introducing these into a beta-galactosidase-deficient strain of a. nidulans. expression of a particular gene fusion in transformed strains depends upon the site of integration of the vector into the genome, and when specifically targeted to the catabolic quinate dehydrogenase qute (selective marker) locus is directly proportional to ...	1992	1603065
isolation and characterization of the aspergillus niger pyruvate kinase gene.	the aspergillus niger gene encoding pyruvate kinase was cloned by heterologous hybridization using a fragment from the corresponding yeast gene as a probe. the primary structure of the gene, including 5' and 3' flanking sequences, was determined. the structural part of the a. niger pkia gene is 2054 bp long and is interrupted by seven putative introns. splicing of the intron sequences results in an open reading frame of 1578 bp, encoding a protein of 526 amino-acid residues and a molecular weigh ...	1992	1611667
fungi associated with bovine abortion in the northern plains states (usa).	mycotic infection was diagnosed in 6.8% of 6,858 cases of bovine abortion and stillbirth examined during a 9-year period. aspergilli were associated with approximately 5% of all abortion cases and 71% of 446 cases that were cultured for fungi and diagnosed as mycotic abortion. aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent isolate (62%), followed by a. terreus (6.7%), emericella (aspergillus) nidulans (3.0%), a. flavus (2.9%), and e. rugulosus (less than 1.0%). zygomycetes (absidia, mortierella, rh ...	1992	1616983
carbon catabolite repression can account for the temporal pattern of expression of a penicillin biosynthetic gene in aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans synthesizes penicillins as secondary metabolites when grown under certain culture conditions. broths containing carbon (c) sources that give rise to carbon catabolite repression (ccr) support a much lower antibiotic yield than broths with non-repressing c sources. steady-state levels of the isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns) gene transcript are considerably reduced in mycelia grown with repressing c sources and are depressed in mycelia grown with sugars which do not cause ccr ...	1992	1625576
roles of fad and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin chromophores in photoreactivation by anacystis nidulans dna photolyase.	dna photolyase from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans contains two chromophores, flavin adenine dinucleotide (fadh2) and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (8-hdf) (eker, a. p. m., kooiman, p., hessels, j. k. c., and yasui, a. (1990) j. biol. chem. 265, 8009-8015). while evidence exists that the flavin chromophore (in fadh2 form) can catalyze photorepair directly and that the 8-hdf chromophore is the major photosensitizer in photoreactivation it was not known whether 8-hdf splits pyrimidine dimer direc ...	1992	1639785
the bimb3 mutation of aspergillus nidulans uncouples dna replication from the completion of mitosis.	a conditionally lethal mutation in the bimb gene of aspergillus nidulans disrupts the normal regulatory patterns associated with mitotic events. this results in dna replication in the absence of the completion of mitosis in the mutant at restrictive temperature. this defect yields large polyploid nuclei after several hours at restrictive temperature. the bimb gene has been cloned by genetic mapping and chromosome walking from the previously cloned amds gene. the cloned dna complements the temper ...	1992	1639810
cloning of chromosome i dna from saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of the fun52 gene, whose product has homology to protein kinases.	a gene whose product has homology to protein kinases and is closely related to the aspergillus nidulans nima cell-cycle gene was identified on chromosome i of the yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. this gene has been temporarily designated fun52, where fun is the acronym for 'function unknown now'. in a. nidulans, nima is required to enter mitosis. in addition, overexpression of nima causes premature onset of mitosis and cell cycle arrest. in contrast, s. cerevisiae cells that were either deleted ...	1992	1644305
characterization of aspergillus nidulans mutants deficient in cell wall chitin or glucan.	by screening for the osmotically remediable phenotype, mutations in two genes (orla and orlb) affecting the cell wall chitin content of aspergillus nidulans were identified. strains carrying temperature-sensitive alleles of these genes produce conidia which swell excessively and lyse when germinated at restrictive temperatures. growth under these conditions is remedied by osmotic stabilizers and by n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac). remediation by glcnac suggests that the mutations affect early steps ...	1992	1729232
molecular characterization of the lam locus and sequences involved in regulation by the amdr protein of aspergillus nidulans.	the lam locus of aspergillus nidulans consists of two divergently transcribed genes, lama and lamb, involved in the utilization of lactams such as 2-pyrrolidinone. both genes are under the control of the positive regulatory gene amdr and are subject to carbon and nitrogen metabolite repression. the lamb gene and the region between the two genes have been sequenced, and the start points of transcription have been determined. within the lam locus are two sequences with homology to elements, requir ...	1992	1729609
an intragenic map of the brla locus of aspergillus nidulans.	we have constructed an intragenic map for the aspergillus nidulans brla gene, mutants in which are distinguishable by visual criteria only. most of the leaky phenotype mutants map near the right (3') end. the gene shows distinct recombinational polarity consistent with recombination initiation at the promoter (centromere-proximal) end of the gene. brla12 and brla20 mutants gave abnormal dna restriction patterns consistent with the iii; viii and vi; viii translocations, respectively, determined b ...	1992	1736092
tests for recombinagens in fungi.	three types of mitotic recombination can be studied in aspergillus nidulans and saccharomyces cerevisiae: (1) the classical type of reciprocal mitotic crossing-over which can be detected when it occurs between non-sister chromatids at the four-strand stage followed by co-segregation of a crossing-over and a non-crossing-over chromatid in the subsequent mitotic division. consequently, mitotic crossing-over reflects cellular responses to primary genetic damage in the g2 phase of the cell cycle. (2 ...	1992	1279386
immunogenic potential of aspergillus nidulans subcellular fractions and their polypeptide components.	cell-free extracts of the ascomycetous fungus aspergillus nidulans were separated into three subcellular fractions: cell walls, total membranes and cytosol, and two different immunization protocols were used to raise antibodies against them in 12 new zealand rabbits. the immune response was followed over time by dot and western blot analyses to determine the immunogenic potential of each individual fraction and their polypeptide components. the igg fractions, purified from pools of the best sera ...	1992	1291875
structure of the oxidized long-chain flavodoxin from anabaena 7120 at 2 a resolution.	the structure of the long-chain flavodoxin from the photosynthetic cyanobacterium anabaena 7120 has been determined at 2 a resolution by the molecular replacement method using the atomic coordinates of the long-chain flavodoxin from anacystis nidulans. the structure of a third long-chain flavodoxin from chondrus crispus has recently been reported. crystals of oxidized a. 7120 flavodoxin belong to the monoclinic space group p2(1) with a = 48.0, b = 32.0, c = 51.6 a, and beta = 92 degrees, and one ...	1992	1303762
roles of the orla, tse, and bimg genes of aspergillus nidulans in chitin synthesis.	strains of aspergillus nidulans carrying the orla1 or tse6 allele are deficient in cell wall chitin and undergo lysis at restrictive temperatures. the strains are remediable by osmotic stabilizers or by the presence of n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) in the medium. the remediation by glcnac suggests that the lesion(s) in chitin synthesis resides in the amino sugar biosynthetic pathway prior to the synthesis of n-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate. orla1 strains grown at permissive temperature exhibit an ...	1992	1309526
differential flux through the quinate and shikimate pathways. implications for the channelling hypothesis.	the qutc gene encoding dehydroshikimate dehydratase has been constitutively overexpressed in aspergillus nidulans from a range of 1-30-fold over the normal wild-type level. this overexpression leads to impaired growth in minimal medium which can be alleviated by the addition of aromatic amino acids to the medium. overexpression of the qutc gene in mutant strains lacking protocatechuic acid (pca) oxygenase leads to the build up of pca in the medium, which can be measured by a simple assay. measur ...	1992	1318019
analysis of promoter activity by transformation of acremonium chrysogenum.	promoter activity was examined in the beta-lactam-producing fungus, acremonium chrysogenum, by assessment of the properties of transformant isolates. transformation was achieved using plasmid constructs specifying hygromycin b resistance (hyr) linked to the promoter elements of gpda (the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-encoding gene of aspergillus nidulans), and pcbc [the gene encoding the isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns) enzyme of a. chrysogenum]. transformation frequency, hyr levels, and hy ...	1992	1318244
overproduction in escherichia coli of the dehydroquinate synthase domain of the aspergillus nidulans pentafunctional arom protein.	the pentafunctional arom protein of aspergillus nidulans is encoded by the complex aroma locus and catalyses steps 2-6 in the synthesis of chorismate, the common precursor for the aromatic amino acids and p-aminobenzoic acid. dna sequences encoding the 3-dehydroquinate synthase (dhq synthase) and 3-dehydroquinase domains of the arom protein have been amplified with the inclusion of a translational stop codon at the c-terminus by pcr technology. these amplified fragments of dna have been subclone ...	1992	1320381
purification and characterization of a mammalian endo-exonuclease.	an endo-exonuclease has been purified from cultured monkey (cv-1) cells. the enzyme which was purified to near homogeneity to be a 65 kda monomeric protein. the single-strand dnase activity is endonucleolytic and nonprocessive, whereas the double-strand dnase activity is exonucleolytic and processive. the enzyme was also found to have rnase activity using poly-ra as substrate. the ph optimum for ss-dnase is 8 and for ds-dnase it is 7.5. both dnase activities require a divalent metal ion (mg2+, m ...	1992	1324480
mitochondrial dna sequence analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit i and ii genes, the atpase9 gene, the nadh dehydrogenase nd4l and nd5 gene complex, and the glutaminyl, methionyl and arginyl trna genes from trichophyton rubrum.	in this paper, we present the nucleotide sequence of a 5248 bp-long region of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum. this region which represents about 1/4 of the total mt genome of this species reveals a compact organization of genes including: the glutaminyl trna, the methionyl trna, the cytochrome oxidase subunit i gene, the arginyl trna, the mitochondrial version of the atpase subunit 9 gene, the cytochrome oxidase subunit ii gene and a part of the nadh dehydr ...	1992	1326416
transformation of gibberella fujikuroi: effect of the aspergillus nidulans ama1 sequence on frequency and integration.	a stable and reproducible transformation selection system for gibberella fujikuroi protoplasts based on the aspergillus nidulans arg b gene, encoding ornithine transcarbamylase, has been developed. inclusion into the vector of the a. nidulans dna fragment (ama1), which permits plasmid autonomous replication in a. nidulans, a. niger and a. oryzae, appeared to permit autonomous replication of g. fujikuroi although the transformation frequency was increased by only two-fold. transformation was also ...	1992	1327547
inducible overproduction of the aspergillus nidulans pentafunctional arom protein and the type-i and -ii 3-dehydroquinases from salmonella typhi and mycobacterium tuberculosis.	the aroq gene of mycobacterium tuberculosis, encoding a type-ii 3-dehydroquinase, and the arod gene of salmonella typhi, encoding a type-i 3-dehydroquinase, have been highly overexpressed in escherichia coli using the powerful trc promoter contained within the expression vector pkk233-2. the m. tuberculosis type-ii 3-dehydroquinase has been purified in bulk from overproducing strains of e. coli to greater than 95% homogeneity. the protein is extremely heat-stable, is active as a homododecamer an ...	1992	1329726
cell division in aspergillus.	amenable to sophisticated genetic and molecular analysis, the simple filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans has provided some novel insights into the mechanisms and regulation of cell division. mutational analysis has identified over fifty genes necessary for nuclear division, nuclear movement and cytokinesis. molecular and cellular analysis of these mutants has led to the discovery of novel components of the cytoskeleton as well as to clarifying the role of established cytoskeletal proteins. m ...	1992	1336015
structure of the cochliobolus heterostrophus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.	a single gene (gpd1) encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) was found in cochliobolus heterostrophus. homology with other fungal gpd-encoding genes was substantial at both the nucleotide and amino-acid levels. positions of four introns found in gpd1 were conserved in the corresponding aspergillus nidulans gpda gene (which is known to have three additional introns absent in gpd1). the size (approximately 1300 nucleotides) of the single gpd1 transcript was consistent with the leng ...	1992	1339326
a second gene (quth) within the aspergillus nidulans-quinic-acid utilisation gene cluster encodes a protein with a putative zinc-cluster motif.	a sequence of 3299 nt, contiguous with the previously sequenced quinate permease-encoding (qutd) gene and encompassing the dehydroshikimate dehydratase-encoding (qutc) gene, has been determined. northern-blot analysis detected (i) a quinate-inducible mrna of the expected size for the qutc gene, and (ii) a quinate-inducible mrna of 1.45 kb divergently transcribed away from qutc towards qutd. computer-aided sequence analysis identified an orf of 1047 nt corresponding to the qutc gene encoding dehy ...	1992	1339361
calmodulin and cell cycle control.	previous studies have indicated a role for the calcium receptor calmodulin in the control of eukaryotic cell proliferation. using a molecular genetic approach in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans we have shown that cam is required for cell cycle progression at multiple points in the cell cycle. construction of an a nidulans strain conditional for calmodulin expression reveals that this protein is required during g1/s and for the initiation of mitosis. a lack of calmodulin results in ce ...	1992	1343599
genotoxicity of fungi evaluated by sos microplate assay.	by an introduction of sodium dodecylsulfate for cell lysis and immunomicroplate for mass assay, the modified sos microplate assay method was established and applied for the evaluation of genotoxicity of mycotoxins and fungal cultures. among 20 mycotoxins, the carcinogenic dihydrobisfuranoids such as aflatoxin b1, sterigmatocystin, and versicolorin a were positive in the presence of the activation system. while, the carcinogenic anthraquinones and lactones such as luteoskyrin, rugulosin, ochratox ...	1992	1344897
isolation and characterization of the acetyl-coa synthetase from penicillium chrysogenum. involvement of this enzyme in the biosynthesis of penicillins.	acetyl-coa synthetase (acs) of penicillium chrysogenum was purified to homogeneity (745-fold) from fungal cultures grown in a chemically defined medium containing acetate as the main carbon source. the enzyme showed maximal rate of catalysis when incubated in 50 mm hcl-tris buffer, ph 8.0, at 37 degrees c. under these conditions, acs showed hyperbolic behavior against acetate, coa, and atp; the km values calculated for these substrates were 6.8, 0.18, and 17 mm, respectively. acs recognized as s ...	1992	1347531
nucleotide sequence of a gene from phanerochaete chrysosporium that shows homology to the faca gene of aspergillus nidulans.	heterologous hybridisation was used to isolate a genomic dna sequence from phanerochaete chrysosporium using the faca (acetyl coa synthetase) gene from aspergillus nidulans as a probe. the cloned sequence hybridises to a 2.2 kb transcript in poly(a)+ rna prepared from mycelium grown on acetate as the sole carbon source. comparison of the dna sequence obtained with those of the a. nidulans faca and n. crassa acu5 genes reveals an orf that appears to be interrupted by five typical fungal introns. ...	1992	1352996
the acu-1 gene of coprinus cinereus is a regulatory gene required for induction of acetate utilisation enzymes.	we have isolated a gene from coprinus cinereus which cross-hybridises to the faca and acu-5 genes of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa, respectively. these genes encode acetyl-coa synthetase, an enzyme which is inducible by acetate and required for growth on acetate as sole carbon source. we have designated the c. cinereus gene acs-1 and have used transformation to demonstrate its functional homology to the ascomycete genes by complementation of an n. crassa acu-5 mutation. the acs-1 ge ...	1992	1354839
mitochondrial dna of schizophyllum commune: restriction map, genetic map, and mode of inheritance.	mitochondrial dna (mtdna) found in the basidiomycete schizophyllum commune (strain 4-40) is a circular molecule 49.75 kbp in length. a physical map containing 61 restriction sites revealed no repeat structures. cloned genes from neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae were used in southern hybridizations to locate nine mitochondrial genes, including a possible pseudogene of atpase 9, on the restriction map. a probe from a functional atpase 9 gene identified homologo ...	1992	1358467
cloning and disruption of a gene required for growth on acetate but not on ethanol: the acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a dna fragment of saccharomyces cerevisiae with high homology to the acetyl-coenzyme a (acetyl-coa) synthetase genes of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa has been cloned, sequenced and mapped to chromosome i. it contains an open reading frame of 2139 nucleotides, encoding a predicted gene product of 79.2 kda. in contrast to its ascomycete homologs, there are no introns in the coding sequence. the first atg codon of the open reading frame is in an unusual context for a translational star ...	1992	1363452
efficient kex2-like processing of a glucoamylase-interleukin-6 fusion protein by aspergillus nidulans and secretion of mature interleukin-6.	we have designed an expression vector for the secretion of human interleukin-6 (hil-6) in which the mature protein is fused through a spacer peptide, containing a kex-2 like protein processing signal, to the entire aspergillus niger glucoamylase (glaa) gene. transformation of aspergillus nidulans with this vector results in fungal strains secreting equimolar amounts of the glucoamylase and il-6 proteins. the kex2-type processing signal, lys-arg, is recognized and cleaved efficiently by an enzyme ...	1991	1367012
the ethanol utilization regulon of aspergillus nidulans: the alca-alcr system as a tool for the expression of recombinant proteins.		1991	1367013
expression of heterologous proteins in aspergillus.	filamentous fungi, in particular those of the genus aspergillus have been well exploited for their ability to produce high levels of extracellular proteins in an inexpensive manner. since many human proteins with the potential to be used therapeutically are secreted and require post-translational modification for biological activity, eukaryotic expression-secretion systems have been targeted for development. recent developments in dna-mediated transformation systems have allowed the utilization ...	1991	1367014
identification and expression of the acv synthetase gene.	the gene coding for acv synthetase has recently been identified and cloned. analysis of its structure and expression, along with similar studies of other genes involved in beta-lactam biosynthesis, should lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of regulation of the pathway and the possibility of modifying yield and diversity of fungal antibiotics.	1991	1367017
construction and physiological characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase overproducing transformants of aspergillus nidulans.	the construction and characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (gpd) overproducing transformants of aspergillus nidulans and their behaviour in acetate-limited continuous cultures and glucose-grown batch cultures are described. the a. nidulans acetamidase deletion strain mh1277 was transformed with the homologous gpda gene on a vector with the homologous acetamidase-gene (amds) as a selection marker. transformant a1 contains about nine integrated copies of the gpda gene, and s ...	1991	1367201
integrative transformation of the ascomycete podospora anserina: identification of the mating-type locus on chromosome vii of electrophoretically separated chromosomes.	protoplasts of wild-type strain s and a long-lived extrachromosomal mutant (al2) of the ascomycete podospora anserina were transformed using a plasmid (pan7-1) which contains the hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph) of escherichia coli under the control of aspergillus nidulans regulatory sequences. after optimizing the transformation procedure, transformation efficiencies of 15-21 transformants/micrograms plasmid dna were obtained. using a second selectable vector (pbt3), which contains th ...	1991	1367277
intracellular and extracellular production of proteins in aspergillus under the control of expression signals of the highly expressed aspergillus nidulans gpda gene.	the expression in aspergillus is described of genes, coding for intracellular and extracellular proteins controlled by the promoter region of the constitutively and efficiently expressed glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpda) of aspergillus nidulans. both the homologous gpda and the heterologous escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacz) and beta-glucuronidase (uida) genes could be expressed intracellularly at levels as high as 10-25% of total soluble protein. efficient extracellul ...	1991	1367494
molecular characterization and functional analysis in aspergillus nidulans of the 5'-region of the penicillium chrysogenum isopenicillin n synthetase gene.	the isopenicillin n synthetase gene (pcbc) was isolated from a genomic library of penicillium chrysogenum bc39813, a penicillin production strain. the nucleotide sequence, including 555 bp upstream of the translation start site was determined. various deletions within the pcbc 5'-region were constructed and linked to the escherichia coli lacz gene. an aspergillus nidulans argb strain was transformed with dna of these constructions. the region essential for promoter function could be localized be ...	1991	1367495
cloning of the nitrate-nitrite reductase gene cluster of penicillium chrysogenum and use of the niad gene as a homologous selection marker.	a new homologous transformation system for the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum is described. the system is based on complementation of niad mutants using the nitrate reductase structural gene (niad) of p. chrysogenum. spontaneous niad mutants were identified after selection for chlorate resistance, in growth tests and subsequent complementation with the niad gene of aspergillus oryzae. the p. chrysogenum niad gene was isolated from a genomic library using the aspergillus nidulans niad ...	1991	1367546
cloning by differential screening of a xenopus cdna that encodes a kinesin-related protein.	by differential screening of a xenopus egg cdna library, we selected nine clones (eg1 to eg9) corresponding to mrnas which are deadenylated and released from polysomes soon after fertilization. the sequence of one of these clones (eg5) revealed that the corresponding protein has the characteristic features of a kinesin-related protein. more specifically, eg5 was found to be nearly 30% identical to a kinesin-related protein encoded by bimc, a gene involved in nuclear division in aspergillus nidul ...	1991	1710028
codon usage in aspergillus nidulans.	synonymous codon usage in genes from the ascomycete (filamentous) fungus aspergillus nidulans has been investigated. a total of 45 gene sequences has been analysed. multivariate statistical analysis has been used to identify a single major trend among genes. at one end of this trend are lowly expressed genes, whereas at the other extreme lie genes known or expected to be highly expressed. the major trend is from nearly random codon usage (in the lowly expressed genes) to codon usage that is high ...	1991	1745237
heterologous expression of the aspergillus nidulans regulatory gene nira in fusarium oxysporum.	we have isolated strains of fusarium oxysporum carrying mutations conferring a phenotype characteristic of a loss of function in the regulatory gene of nitrate assimilation (nira in aspergillus nidulans, nit-4 in neurospora crassa). one of these nir- mutants was successfully transformed with a plasmid containing the nira gene of a. nidulans. the nitrate reductase of the transformants is still inducible, although the maximum activity is lower than in the wild type. single and multiple integration ...	1991	1756977
isolation and nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal protein s16-encoding gene from aspergillus nidulans.	a genomic clone has been isolated from aspergillus nidulans which is homologous to the ribosomal (r) protein s16-encoding gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae (s16a) and the r-protein s19-encoding gene of rat (s19). the amino acid (aa) sequences, deduced from nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis, show that in both cases more than 63% of the aa are conserved. the proposed a. nidulans r-protein s16 gene (rps16) differs from that of s. cerevisiae in that it occurs as a single copy in the haploid genome (r ...	1991	1761226
regulatory functions of calmodulin.	calmodulin is a ca2+ binding protein present in all eukaryotic cells that serves as the primary intracellular receptor for ca2+. this 148 amino acid protein is involved in activation of more than 20 enzymes which mediate a wide variety of physiological processes. many of these enzymes are inhibited in an intramolecular manner and the ca(2+)-calmodulin complex relieves this inhibition. calmodulin is essential for life as disruption of the gene in genetically tractable organisms is lethal. this pr ...	1991	1763137
the uay positive control gene of aspergillus nidulans: fine structure, isolation of constitutive mutants and reversion patterns.	the product of the uay gene of aspergillus nidulans is necessary for the expression of at least eight genes coding for enzymes and permeases of the purine utilisation pathway. a detailed fine structure map has been constructed of this gene involving 13 presumed point mutations and eight deletions. gene conversion of these deletions was demonstrated. a technique was devised to select for constitutive mutations and two were obtained which map within the uay gene. we have shown that the most centro ...	1991	1766434
molecular cloning of the uay regulatory gene of aspergillus nidulans reveals a favoured region for dna insertions.	the cloning of the positive regulatory gene, uay, which mediates uric acid induction of enzymes and permeases of the purine degradation pathway in the fungus aspergillus nidulans is described here. the 4 kb uay transcript is constitutively synthesised, it is not repressed by ammonia and its transcription does not require the area wide-domain transcription factor. we have determined that four deletions, which have been genetically characterised, are confined to a segment of 0.9 kb. two other dele ...	1991	1766435
isolation of nuclei from aspergillus nidulans protoplasts.	intact nuclei were isolated from the protoplasts of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. the large amounts of protoplasts required for such nuclear preparations were produced from young mycelia grown in liquid culture. for final purification of the crude nuclear fraction, a nycodenz density-gradient centrifugation was applied. the resulting nuclei were of good purity and morphological state, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and electronmicroscopy. the weight ratio of dna:rna:pr ...	1991	1769520
the fission yeast gamma-tubulin is essential for mitosis and is localized at microtubule organizing centers.	gamma-tubulin exists in fission yeast as the product of an essential gene, encoding a 446 amino acid protein that is 77.3% identical to aspergillus nidulans gamma-tubulin. the gene disruption caused cell lethality, displaying condensed, undivided chromosomes with aberrant spindle structures. anti-gamma-tubulin staining showed that gamma-tubulin is located, throughout the wild-type cell cycle, at the spindle pole bodies (spbs), indicating that gamma-tubulin associates with interphase spb in the a ...	1991	1770000
bima encodes a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat family of proteins and is required for the completion of mitosis in aspergillus nidulans.	the recessive, temperature-sensitive bima1 mutation of aspergillus nidulans blocks nuclei in metaphase at restrictive temperature. to determine whether the bima product is essential, integrative transformation was used to create a mutation in the bima gene. the mutation was maintained in a heterokaryon and the phenotype of spores produced by the heterokaryon was analyzed. molecular disruption of the wild-type bima gene is recessive in the heterokaryon and causes a metaphase block, demonstrating ...	1991	1770001
relationships between phosphatidylcholine content, chitin synthesis, growth, and morphology of aspergillus nidulans choc.	the phosphatidylcholine (pc) content of aspergillus nidulans choc was varied by growing the auxotroph in medium containing various concentrations of choline chloride. direct linear correlations were observed between pc content and in vivo chitin synthase activity, between in vivo chitin synthase activity and mean hyphal extension rate, and between mean hyphal extension rate and hyphal growth unit length; hyphal growth unit length is a measure of hyphal branching. further, there was a correlation ...	1991	1778430
the development of aspergillus niger var. awamori as a host for the expression and secretion of heterologous gene products.		1991	1783197
altered expression of the steroid bioconverting pathway in pan 7-1 transformants of cochliobolus lunatus.	the filamentous fungus c. lunatus converts progesterone mainly to its 11 beta-hydroxy derivative. c. lunatus transformed with the plasmid pan 7-1, which contains the e. coli hph gene expressed under the control of the a. nidulans gpd and trpc expression signals, lacks this activity, but exhibits acetyl side chain degradation of progesterone through the reaction scheme progesterone----20 beta-hydroxy-progesterone----delta 4-androstene-3,17-dione---- testolactone + testosterone. the main part of t ...	1991	1807829
mycofloral changes and aflatoxin contamination in stored chickpea seeds.	chickpea seeds entering store carry a microflora of 'field' and 'storage' fungi. field fungi gradually disappear and storage fungi then predominate. these fungi especially aspergillus flavus, a. niger, a. nidulans, a. ochraceus and penicillium spp. grow vigorously and initiate grain spoilage and aflatoxin elaboration. the shift in mycofloral spectrum was more rapid in seeds stored in jute bags than those stored in metal bins. moisture content and aflatoxin contamination in seeds of jute bags was ...	1991	1812019
role of the cell-cycle-regulated nima protein kinase during g2 and mitosis: evidence for two pathways of mitotic regulation.		1991	1819506
kinesin-like proteins of aspergillus nidulans.		1991	1819513
heterologous expression and regulation of the neurospora crassa nit-4 pathway-specific regulatory gene for nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans.	the nira gene of aspergillus nidulans and the nit-4 gene of neurospora crassa appear to be equivalent pathway-specific regulatory genes which mediate nitrate induction of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase (nr and nir) activities. we have transformed the nit-4 wild-type (wt) gene into the a. nidulans loss-of-function (pleiotropic negative) nira 1 mutant strain. the nit-4 gene was found to complement the nira 1 mutation, thus permitting the nira 1 mutant strain to grow on nitrate or nitrite ...	1991	1829047
[exogenous allergic alveolitis in tobacco industry workers].		1991	1831935
molecular organisation of the malate synthase genes of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa.	the sequencing and comparison of the genes encoding the glyoxylate bypass enzyme malate synthase of aspergillus nidulans (acue) and neurospora crassa (acu-9) are presented. the predicted amino acid sequences of the a. nidulans and n. crassa enzymes are 538 and 542 residues respectively and the proteins are 87% homologous. in fungi, the malate synthase proteins are located in glyoxysomes and the deduced acue and acu-9 proteins both contain a c-terminal s-k-l sequence, which has been implicated in ...	1991	1832736
sequence of the nuclear atp synthase subunit 9 gene of podospora anserina: lack of similarity to the mitochondrial genome.	the nuclear gene coding for the mitochondrial subunit 9 of the f0f1-atp synthase complex was isolated from a genomic library of podospora anserina. nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame capable to code for 144 amino acids including an amino-terminal pre-sequence of 63 amino acid residues for mitochondrial import of the pre-proteolipid. the p. anserina proteolipid shows extensive sequence identity with the corresponding gene products of the related filamentous fungi neurospora cras ...	1991	1834355
cloning and molecular characterization of the acetamidase-encoding gene (amds) from aspergillus oryzae.	we have isolated an acetamidase-encoding gene (amds) from aspergillus oryzae by heterologous hybridization using the corresponding aspergillus nidulans gene as a probe. the gene is located on a 3.5-kb saci fragment and its nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined. compared with the a. nidulans amds gene, the coding region of a. oryzae gene consists of seven exons interrupted by six introns and encodes 545 amino acid (aa) residues. the deduced aa sequence has a high degree of homology with that of ...	1991	1840550
nit-4, a pathway-specific regulatory gene of neurospora crassa, encodes a protein with a putative binuclear zinc dna-binding domain.	nit-4, a pathway-specific regulatory gene in the nitrogen circuit of neurospora crassa, is required for the expression of nit-3 and nit-6, the structural genes which encode nitrate and nitrite reductase, respectively. the complete nucleotide sequence of the nit-4 gene has been determined. the predicted nit4 protein contains 1,090 amino acids and appears to possess a single zn(ii)2cys6 binuclear-type zinc finger, which may mediate dna binding. site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that c ...	1991	1840634
temporal and spatial controls of aspergillus development.	the mechanisms regulating elaboration of the multicellular asexual reproductive apparatus, the conidiophore, of the filamentous ascomycete aspergillus nidulans provide a model for the control of fungal development. recent advances have been made on three fronts. first, new physical and chemical signals have been discovered that control commitment of cells to the conidiation pathway. second, positively acting developmental regulatory genes have been cloned and characterized. in addition, evidence ...	1991	1840892
domain structure and interaction within the pentafunctional arom polypeptide.	the arom locus of aspergillus nidulans specifies a pentafunctional polypeptide catalysing five consecutive steps leading to the production of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate in the shikimate pathway. aided by oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis, the whole arom locus and various overlapping subfragments from within it have been fused to the powerful hybrid trc promoter in the escherichia coli plasmid pkk233-2. expression of these subfragments in appropriate aro mutants of e. col ...	1991	1849480
polyethylene glycol-induced internalization of bacteria into fungal protoplasts: electron microscopic study and optimization of experimental conditions.	we studied the mechanism of internalization of escherichia coli into saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by polyethylene glycol (peg) and optimized the experimental conditions. transmission electron microscope studies revealed that the principal factor involved in the internalization was the degree of cell aggregation attained. internalization occurred mainly by an endocytosis-like mechanism and took place during the elimination of peg. the optimum conditions were to treat a mixed pellet of both mi ...	1991	1854204
cell biology. abg of microtubule assembly.		1991	1865902
activation of the nima protein kinase plays a unique role during mitosis that cannot be bypassed by absence of the bime checkpoint.	mutation of nima reversibly arrests cells in late g2 and nima overexpression promotes premature mitosis. here we demonstrate that the product of nima (designated nima) has protein kinase activity that can phosphorylate beta-casein but not histone proteins. nima kinase activity is cell cycle regulated being 20-fold higher at mitosis when compared to s-phase arrested cells. nima activation is normally required in g2 to initiate chromosome condensation, to nucleate spindle pole body microtubules, a ...	1991	1868838
characterization of interspecific hybrids within the aspergillus nidulans group by isoenzyme analysis.	a comparison of interspecific hybrids within the aspergillus nidulans species group was made by isoenzyme analysis. the gel electrophoretic patterns of the parental species were distinct for most of the enzymes tested. the hybrids were distinguishable from their parents by isoenzyme patterns. the appearance of novel bands in all the interspecific hybrids indicated that nuclear fusion could have occurred. in most hybrids the appearance of the parental bands showed nonpreferential, partial chromos ...	1991	1878817
antisuppressor mutations reduce misreading of the genetic code in aspergillus nidulans.	antisuppressor mutations were isolated in a strain containing the omnipotent suppressor suac109. the antisuppressors reduce the activity of translational suppressors in vivo and counteract most aspects of the pleiotropic phenotype associated with the suac and the suaa suppressor mutations. using an homologous system for cell-free translation, we have measured translational accuracy in two antisuppressor strains with the genotype suac109 and either the asub11 or the asud14 antisuppressor mutation ...	1991	1878998
identification of a telomeric fragment from the right arm of chromosome iii of aspergillus nidulans.	a minimum of 11 bands hybridising to an oligonucleotide complementary to the putative telomeric repeat sequence (ttaggg)n was visible in a southern blot of ecori-digested aspergillus nidulans genomic dna. all 11 were sensitive to bal 31 exonuclease digestion, consistent with telomeric locations. blots of dna from aneuploid strains deleted for a dispensable, extreme distal region on the right arm of chromosome iii lack a 1.3-kb ecori band, indicating that this fragment is located at or near the c ...	1991	1884987
unusual metabolism of the yeast actin amino terminus.	in this paper we have examined the post-translational modifications of the nh2 terminus of actin from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. like actins examined previously, this actin contains an acetylated nh2 terminus. actins in other organisms undergo a unique post-translational processing event in which the initial amino acid(s) are removed by an actin-specific processing enzyme in an acetylation-dependent reaction. this is defined as actin processing. in yeast, actin retains its initiator met ...	1991	1885608
genetic transformation of auxotrophic mutants of the filamentous yeast trichosporon cutaneum using homologous and heterologous marker genes.	a transformation system for the filamentous yeast trichosporon cutaneum based on auxotrophic markers is presented and techniques for the induction, isolation and characterization of mutants are described. a number of auxotrophic mutants were isolated and characterized by using biosynthetic precursors and/or inhibitors. a mutant unable to grow in the presence of ornithine could be complemented successfully by spheroplast transformation experiments using the cloned aspergillus nidulans ornithine t ...	1991	1897316
isolation and developmentally regulated expression of an aspergillus nidulans phenol oxidase-encoding gene, ivob.	ivory (ivo) mutants of aspergillus nidulans lack conidiophore pigmentation. we have cloned ivob which codes for a conidiophore-specific phenol oxidase (ahtase) via the adjacent selectable ured gene. gene-library transformants of a ured4 strain proved defective for the vector, but we recovered both ured and ivob from a lambda library of transformant dna. the ivob transcription unit was localized to a sali-xbai 3-kb fragment and its 5' end was located by hybridization with an oligodeoxyribonucleot ...	1991	1901560
mutations in the small subunit of cyanobacterial ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase that modulate interactions with large subunits.	in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans (synechococcus pcc6301), ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbu-p2 carboxylase) is composed of eight large subunits and eight small subunits. there are three regions of the small subunit that contain amino acids that are conserved throughout evolution, from bacteria to higher plants. since the function of the small subunit is not fully understood, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on highly conserved residues in the first and second co ...	1991	1902220
gamma-tubulin is present in drosophila melanogaster and homo sapiens and is associated with the centrosome.	the mipa gene of a. nidulans encodes a newly discovered member of the tubulin superfamily of proteins, gamma-tubulin. in a. nidulans, gamma-tubulin is essential for nuclear division and microtubule assembly and is associated with the spindle pole body, the fungal microtubule organizing center. by low stringency hybridizations we have cloned cdnas from d. melanogaster and h. sapiens, the predicted products of which share more than 66% amino acid identity with a. nidulans gamma-tubulin. gamma-tubu ...	1991	1904010
isolation and characterisation of nuv11, a mutation affecting meiotic and mitotic recombination in aspergillus nidulans.	a mutant of aspergillus nidulans, designated nuv11, has been isolated as hypersensitive to the monofunctional alkylating agent mnng and the quasi-uv-mimetic mutagen 4-nqo. the mutation was recessive, resulting from mutation of a single gene which mapped to chromosome iv, and was non-allelic to the previously characterised repair-deficient mutations uvsb and uvsh which are also located on this linkage group. the nuv11 mutation results in slow growth, deficient intragenic and intergenic meiotic re ...	1991	1909187
parallel activation of the nima and p34cdc2 cell cycle-regulated protein kinases is required to initiate mitosis in a. nidulans.	we show that in aspergillus nidulans, p34cdc2 tyrosine dephosphorylation accompanies activation of p34cdc2 as an h1 kinase at mitosis. however, the nima5 mutation arrests cells in g2 with p34cdc2 tyrosine dephosphorylated and fully active as an h1 kinase. activation of nima is therefore not required for p34cdc2 activation. furthermore, mutation of nimt, which encodes a protein with 50% similarity to fission yeast cdc25, causes a g2 arrest and prevents tyrosine dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 but do ...	1991	1913824
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the genomic ribonuclease t2 gene (rntb) from aspergillus oryzae.	using synthetic oligonucleotide probes, we have cloned a genomic dna sequence encoding a ribonuclease (rnase) t2 gene (rntb) from aspergillus oryzae on a 4.8 kb hindiii fragment. dna sequence analysis of the rnase t2 revealed the following: (1) the gene is arranged as five exons and four introns; (2) the deduced amino acid sequence contains 239 amino acid residues of the mature enzyme. in addition, there exist 17 amino acid residues thought to be a signal peptide sequence at the n-terminus and 2 ...	1991	1913876
a twin-reporter vector for simultaneous analysis of expression signals of divergently transcribed, contiguous genes in filamentous fungi.	to analyze the promoter region(s) of divergently transcribed fungal genes, a twin-reporter vector was constructed. this vector contains two divergently oriented reported genes, encoding escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (uida) and e. coli beta-galactosidase (lacz). terminator regions of the aspergillus nidulans nitrate and nitrite reductase-encoding genes, niad and niia, respectively, have been cloned 3' to the reporter genes to ensure proficient transcription termination of the reporter genes ...	1991	1916271
structure and evolution of 5s rrna genes and pseudogenes in the genus aspergillus.	we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of 18 dna fragments hybridizing to 5s rrna from two aspergillus species--a. wentii and a. awamori. four of the analyzed sequences were pseudogenes. the gene sequences of these two species were very similar and differed from aspergillus nidulans at both constant and microheterogeneous sites.	1991	1920453
pulsed field gel electrophoresis reveals chromosome length differences between strains of cladosporium fulvum (syn. fulvia fulva).	methods are described for the electrophoretic separation of chromosome-sized dna molecules from the fungal tomato pathogen cladosporium fulvum (syn. fulvia fulva). using a hexagonal electrode array and switching times of 75 min at 45 v for 14 days, nine bands could be resolved. by comparison with co-electrophoresed aspergillus nidulans chromosomal dna (which was resolved into seven bands), the sizes of the c. fulvum bands are estimated to be between 1.9 mb and 5.4 mb. the two largest bands are b ...	1991	1921976
analysis of the crea gene, a regulator of carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans.	the complete nucleotide sequence derived from a genomic clone and two cdna clones of the crea gene of aspergillus nidulans is presented. the gene contains no introns. the derived polypeptide of 415 amino acids contains two zinc fingers of the c2h2 class, frequent s(t)pxx motifs, and an alanine-rich region indicative of a dna-binding repressor protein. the amino acid sequence of the zinc finger region has 84% similarity to the zinc finger region of mig1, a protein involved in carbon catabolite re ...	1991	1922072
nira, the pathway-specific regulatory gene of nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans, encodes a putative gal4-type zinc finger protein and contains four introns in highly conserved regions.	the nucleotide sequence of nira, mediating nitrate induction in aspergillus nidulans, has been determined. alignment of the cdna and the genomic dna sequence indicates that the gene contains four introns and encodes a protein of 892 amino acids. the deduced nira protein displays all characteristics of a transcriptional activator. a putative double-stranded dna-binding domain in the amino-terminal part comprises six cysteine residues, characteristic for the gal4 family of zinc finger proteins. an ...	1991	1922075
genome analysis of imperfect fungi: electrophoretic karyotyping and characterization of the nuclear gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) of curvularia lunata.	the gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) has been isolated from a genomic library of the filamentous fungus curvularia lunata. the coding region of this gene consists of 1014 nucleotides and is interrupted by four introns. the gpd gene product shows a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding proteins of various species belonging to both taxonomically related (e.g., aspergillus nidulans), as well as more divergent, taxa. using contour-clamped homogeneous e ...	1991	1934112
hygromycin- and paromomycin-resistant mutants of aspergillus nidulans alter translational fidelity.	mutants of aspergillus nidulans resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotics paromomycin and hygromycin b have been isolated and their growth characteristics are described here. most paromomycin mutants were cross-resistant to hygromycin and geneticin. all the hygromycin-resistant mutants were slightly cross-resistant to geneticin. out of the 15 mutants tested 14 had drug-resistant ribosomes in vitro and all 12 of those investigated further had reduced levels of translational misreading. five new ...	1991	1934127
cloning, sequencing and expression of the schwanniomyces occidentalis nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene.	the cloned nadp-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes of aspergillus nidulans (gdha) and neurospora crassa (am) have been shown to hybridize under reduced stringency conditions to genomic sequences of the yeast schwanniomyces occidentalis. using 5' and 3' gene-specific probes, a unique 5.1 kb bcli restriction fragment that encompasses the entire schwanniomyces sequence has been identified. a recombinant clone bearing the unique bcli fragment has been isolated from a pool of enriched clone ...	1991	1934128
structure of the aspergillus niger pela gene and its expression in aspergillus niger and aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus niger pectin lyases are encoded by a multigene family. the complete nucleotide sequence of the pectin lyase pla-encoding gene pela has been determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the deduced amino acid sequence of the other characterized pectin lyase, pld, shows that the proteins share 69% amino acid identity. when grown on media with pectin as the sole carbon source, a. niger transformants containing multiple copies of the pela gene show raised mrna levels an ...	1991	1934134
transformation of aspergillus terreus with the hygromycin b resistance marker from escherichia coli.	aspergillus terreus was transformed to hygromycin b resistance using a bacterial resistance gene under the control of aspergillus nidulans regulatory sequences. southern hybridization of transformants indicated that in most of the cases the vector dna was integrated into the recipient chromosome in the form of tandem arrays. transformants were mitotically stable in both selective and non-selective medium and retained their capacity to produce xylanase or glucoamylase activities.	1991	1936947
the tubb alpha-tubulin gene is essential for sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans has two genes encoding alpha-tubulin, tuba and tubb. mutational analysis of tuba has demonstrated that the tuba gene is essential for mitosis and nuclear migration. in this study we have deleted the tubb gene by replacing it with a selectable marker and have named this new allele tubb delta. the results demonstrate that the tubb gene is not required for vegetative growth or asexual reproduction, nor is it required for the initiation or early stages of ...	1991	1936991
analysis of aspergillus nidulans conidial antigens and their prevalence in other aspergillus species.	aspergillus nidulans is an ascomycetous fungus that reproduces asexually by forming multicellular conidiophores and uninucleate spores called conidia. these elements constitute the main vehicle for the transmission of this and other pathogenic aspergillus species and are the starting point of the different forms of aspergillosis. in order to use a. nidulans as a potential source of useful antigens for the immunodiagnosis of these diseases, we have examined the total protein composition of conidi ...	1991	1937806
the influence of solvent stress on mms-induced genetic change in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	mms induced mitotic recombination but not mitotic chromosome loss when tested in pure form in strain d61.m of saccharomyces cerevisiae, confirming previous results of albertini (1991), whereas in aspergillus nidulans it also induced chromosomal malsegregation in addition to mitotic recombination (käfer, 1988). however, induction of mitotic chromosome loss was observed in combination with strong inducers of chromosome loss such as the aprotic polar solvents ethyl acetate and to a lesser extent me ...	1991	1944341