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cl(-) secretion in colonic epithelial cells induced by the vibrio parahaemolyticus hemolytic toxin related to thermostable direct hemolysin.a hemolytic toxin related to thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), tdh-related hemolysin (trh), produced by kanagawa-phenomenon-negative vibrio parahaemolyticus is suspected of playing an important, but yet-to-be-elucidated role in diarrhea caused by this organism. in cultured human colonic epithelial cells, trh increases cl(-) secretion, followed by elevation of intracellular calcium.200010948178
mechanisms of chloride secretion induced by thermostable direct haemolysin of vibrio parahaemolyticus in human colonic tissue and a human intestinal epithelial cell line.thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) produced by vibrio parahaemolyticus is thought to play an important role in the severe diarrhoea caused by this organism. this study investigated the enterotoxicity of tdh for human intestinal cells. addition of tdh to the mucosal side of human colonic tissue in ussing chambers caused increased short circuit currents (isc), a process that was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (dids), an inhibitor of ca2+ -activated chloride (cl- ...200010966228
characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 from asia.a variety of serovars of the food-borne pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus normally cause infection. since 1996, the o3:k6 strains of this pathogen have caused pandemics in many asian countries, including taiwan. for a better understanding of these pandemic strains, the recently isolated clinical o3:k6 strains from india, japan, korea, and taiwan were examined in terms of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing and other biological characteristics. after pfge and cluster analysis, all the o ...200010966418
reduction of endogenous bacteria associated with catfish fillets using the grovac process.fresh catfish (ictalurus punctatus) fillets are known to be contaminated with a large number of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. the grovac method, a new patented (u.s. 5,543,163) process, was evaluated for its efficacy in reducing the number of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms associated with food. this process involves using a processing solution containing ascorbic acid (aa) and sodium chloride (nacl), vacuum, and tumbling. a total of 51 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified f ...200010983798
relation of capsular polysaccharide production and colonial cell organization to colony morphology in vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a ubiquitous, gram-negative marine bacterium that undergoes phase variation between opaque and translucent colony morphologies. the purpose of this study was to determine the factor(s) responsible for the opaque and translucent phenotypes and to examine cell organization within both colony types. examination of thin sections of ruthenium red-stained bacterial cells by electron microscopy revealed a thick, electron-dense layer surrounding the opaque cells that was absen ...200010986256
antibiotic- and metal-resistant strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shrimps.enteropathogenic strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from shrimps, penaeus monodon collected from the region of the deltaic sundarbans (west bengal, india). about 63% of the isolated strains were resistant to ampicillin, cephalexin, and kanamycin. however, all these strains were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and norfloxacin. the isolated strains were resistant to ni2+] (75%), cu2+ (87%), and co2+ (37%), but all the strains were resistant against cd2+, zn ...200010990273
genetic characterization of dna region containing the trh and ure genes of vibrio parahaemolyticus.we have demonstrated that possession of the gene for thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) coincides with the presence of the urease gene among clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus strains and that the location of the two genes are in close proximity on the chromosome. here, we cloned and sequenced the 15,754-bp dna region containing the trh gene and the gene cluster for urease production from the chromosome of clinical v. parahaemolyticus (th3996). we found 16 open reading frames (o ...200010992480
emergence of a new vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype in raw oysters: a prevention quandary.in may and june 1998, reported vibrio parahaemolyticus infections increased sharply in texas.200011000648
a novel action of the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole and its thioether derivative against the motility of helicobacter pylori.the motility of helicobacter pylori was maximum at 37 degrees c and at ph 6. a newly developed proton pump inhibitor, rabeprazole (rpz), and its thioether derivative (rpz-th) markedly inhibited the motility of h. pylori. the concentrations of the drug necessary to inhibit 50% of the motility were 0.25, 16, 16, and >64 microgram/ml for rpz-th, rpz, lansoprazole, and omeprazole, respectively. no such inhibitory effects were observed with h(2) blockers or anti-h. pylori agents. the motilities of ca ...200011036024
structural variation in the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacers of vibrio parahaemolyticus.the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacers (igs) of vibrio parahaemolyticus were pcr-amplified and cloned with pt7blue t vector. a total of six clones were isolated dependent on size difference. the clones were different with respect to both the number and the composition of the trna genes included, and were designated igs-0, igs-e, igs-ia, igs-ae, igs-ekv and igs-ekav. igs-ekav included the cluster of trna(glu)-trna(lys)-trna(ala)-trna(val); igs-ekv, trna(glu)-trna(lys)-trna(val); igs-ae, trna(ala)-tr ...200011040431
environmental investigations of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters after outbreaks in washington, texas, and new york (1997 and 1998).total vibrio parahaemolyticus densities and the occurrence of pathogenic strains in shellfish were determined following outbreaks in washington, texas, and new york. recently developed nonradioactive dna probes were utilized for the first time for direct enumeration of v. parahaemolyticus in environmental shellfish samples. v. parahaemolyticus was prevalent in oysters from puget sound, wash.; galveston bay, tex.; and long island sound, n.y., in the weeks following shellfish-associated outbreaks ...200011055906
clonal dissemination of vibrio parahaemolyticus displaying similar dna fingerprint but belonging to two different serovars (o3:k6 and o4:k68) in thailand and india.active surveillance of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection among hospitalized patients in calcutta, india, showed the appearance of the o4:k68 serovar for the first time in march 1998 alongside the continued predominant incidence of the o3:k6 serovar. strains belonging to both these serovars have been reported to possess pandemic potential. the genomes of o3:k6 and o4:k68 strains and for comparison, non-o3:k6 and non-o4:k68 strains isolated from two different countries, india and thailand, were ex ...200011057955
a unique and common restriction fragment pattern of the nucleotide sequences homologous to the genome of vf33, a filamentous bacteriophage, in pandemic strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 o4:k68, and o1:k untypeable.vf33 is a filamentous bacteriophage isolated from vibrio parahaemolyticus. we performed southern blot hybridization analysis to examine the distribution of vf33-related genetic elements in the pandemic strains (o3:k6 strains isolated between 1995 and 1997, o4:k68 and o1:k untypeable strains isolated between 1997 and 1999) of v. parahaemolyticus. nucleotide sequences homologous to the vf33 dna were detected in all 57 test strains including pandemic and non-pandemic strains. however, the profiles ...200011064200
norm of vibrio parahaemolyticus is an na(+)-driven multidrug efflux pump.norm of vibrio parahaemolyticus apparently is a new type of multidrug efflux protein, with no significant sequence similarity to any known transport proteins. based on the following experimental results, we conclude that norm is an na(+)-driven na(+)/drug antiporter. (i) energy-dependent ethidium efflux from cells possessing norm was observed in the presence of na(+) but not of k(+). (ii) an artificially imposed, inwardly directed na(+) gradient elicited ethidium efflux from cells. (iii) the add ...200011073914
molecular evidence of clonal vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strains.the upsurge in worldwide incidence of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the last 5 years has been attributed to the recent appearance of three serotypes with pandemic potential: o3:k6, o4:k68, and o1:k untypeable (kut). thirty-five strains of these serotypes, isolated from different countries over 4 years, were characterized by ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine their origin. the ribotypes of the strains of these serotypes were indistinguishable, except for a japanes ...200011076722
phylogeny of vibrio cholerae based on reca sequence.we sequenced a 705-bp fragment of the reca gene from 113 vibrio cholerae strains and closely related species. one hundred eighty-seven nucleotides were phylogenetically informative, 55 were phylogenetically uninformative, and 463 were invariant. not unexpectedly, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus strains formed out-groups; we also identified isolates which resembled v. cholerae biochemically but which did not cluster with v. cholerae. in many instances, v. cholerae serogroup designat ...200011083852
production of serine protease of aeromonas sobria is controlled by the protein encoded by the gene lying adjacent to the 3' end of the protease gene.we cloned a protease gene of aeromonas sobria and determined its nucleotide sequence. the protease is composed of 624 amino acid residues and its calculated molecular weight is 66,737.7. the amino acid sequence showed the characteristic features of a bacterial serine protease. we expressed the protease gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus from which the synthesized protease is secreted into the culture medium as the mature form, and purified the mature protease by successive column chromatographies. ...200011092244
vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar o3:k6 as cause of unusually high incidence of food-borne disease outbreaks in taiwan from 1996 to 1999.the occurrence of food-borne disease outbreaks in taiwan increased dramatically in 1996, and the incidence has since remained elevated. this increase in outbreaks is correlated with a high rate of isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus, which caused between 61 and 71% of the total outbreaks for the period 1996 to 1999. by serotyping, 40 serovars were identified from 3743 v. parahaemolyticus isolates, of which o3:k6 was the most frequently detected. the o3:k6 serovar could have emerged in taiwan as ...200011101606
virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cultured small abalone, haliotis diversicolor supertexta, with withering syndrome.outbreaks of mass mortality among cultured small abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta with withering syndrome occurred in may and september 1998 in kao-hsiung, taiwan. bacterial strains ch-1 and b4 were isolated from the haemolymph of the moribund small abalone using tryptic soy agar supplemented with 3% nacl and/or thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar. these two strains were characterized and identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus on the basis of various biochemical tests. the b4 stra ...200011123551
characterization of the pili isolated from vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6.pilus of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strain lvp9 belonging to the newly identified clone was purified and characterized. the molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be about 18 kda by sds-page, and the isoelectric point of the pilin was 5.0 +/- 0.2. the lvp9 pili were antigenically different from the other v. parahaemolyticus na2 pili and ha7 pili as previously reported, nevertheless all three had indistinguishable morphology and shared a high degree of homology in their n-terminal amino ...200011127340
metal content and biochemical analyses of a recombinant collagenase prtv from vibrio parahaemolyticus.prtv is an extracellular metalloprotease of vibrio parahaemolyticus and regarded as a collagenase. inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analysis indicated that the recombinant prtv contains 1 mol of zinc per mol of the native enzyme. on the basis of a kinetic study using 2-furanacryloyl-leu-gly-pro-ala (falgpa, the specific substrate for bacterial collagenase) as a substrate, it was suggested that metal ions may play a significant role in the binding and catalytic steps of th ...200011128063
evaluation of nonisotopic dna hybridization methods for detection of the tdh gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus.production of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) by vibrio parahaemolyticus is associated with pathogenicity of the organism and is encoded by the tdh gene. the timely resolution of seafood-associated outbreaks requires rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus. the specificity of alkaline phosphatase- and digoxigenin-labeled tdh gene probes was evaluated against 61 strains of v. parahaemolyticus (including isolates from recent outbreaks involving oysters from the pacif ...200011131887
characterization of a novel vibrio parahaemolyticus phage, kvp241, and its relatives frequently isolated from seawater.a vibriophage, kvp241, and six of its relatives were isolated independently from seawater using vibrio parahaemolyticus as the host. all of the phages had the same morphology (a hexagonal head and a tail with a contractile sheath) and the same host range (specific for some v. parahaemolyticus strains). dna-dna hybridization experiments elucidated that their genomes are highly homologous to each other. analyses of amino acid sequences of putative major capsid proteins indicated that kvp241 may be ...200011145278
[effect of irradiation on the shelf-life of aquatic products].the effect of irradiation at doses of 0-10 kgy on the shelf-life of aquatic products was determined. the results showed that irradiation could not prolong the shelf-life of aquatic products kept at 25 degrees c. while the aquatic products were kept at refrigerator (4 degrees c), the irradiation could prolong the shelf-life and effectively reduce the total aerobic plate count. irradiation could effectively reduce the number of coliform to less than 300/kg and eliminate shigella shigae, salmonella ...200012725095
insertional inactivation of genes encoding components of the sodium-type flagellar motor and switch of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses two types of flagella, polar and lateral, powered by distinct energy sources, which are derived from the sodium and proton motive forces, respectively. although proton-powered flagella in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium have been extensively studied, the mechanism of torque generation is still not understood. molecular knowledge of the structure of the sodium-driven motor is only now being developed. in this work, we identify the swi ...200010648530
bactericidal activities of essential oils of basil and sage against a range of bacteria and the effect of these essential oils on vibrio parahaemolyticus.basil and sage essential oils were examined for bactericidal activity against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by viable count determinations. generally, gram-positive bacteria showed higher resistance to basil and sage essential oils than gram-negative bacteria. vibrio species showed a high sensitivity to both essential oils. stationary growth phase cells of selected bacteria showed higher resistance to these essential oils than exponential growth phase cells. basil-resistant ...199910652788
fulminant necrotising fasciitis caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus.we report a patient with septicaemia and fulminant necrotising fasciitis caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus. this organism is strongly associated with seawater exposure and seafood ingestion. the patient recovered due to expedient management, prompt recognition of the organism, appropriate antimicrobial cover and surgical debridement. the lesson to be learned is that this organism should be clinically suspected and recognised from its typical history of injury and fulminant clinical progress as a ...199910628251
geographical features of estuaries for neritid gastropods including clithon retropictus to preserve thermostable direct hemolysin-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus.thermostable direct hemolysin-producing strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus was not detected from the alimentary tract of 7 neritid gastropods including clithon retropictus at 9 estuaries of southwest islands in japan in the present study. the strain has been detected from c. retropictus at 2 estuaries facing the sea of japan but not at 2 estuaries facing the seto inland sea and the pacific ocean in western japan in our previous studies. in comparison with geographical features of the estuaries wh ...199910423701
comparison of effects of wasabia japonica and allyl isothiocyanate on the growth of four strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus in lean and fatty tuna meat suspensions.lean tuna meat suspensions (lean), with a fat content of 0.006%, and fatty tuna meat suspension (fatty), with a fat content of 3.0% were inoculated with four strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus and wasabi (wasabia japonica matsumura) or allyl isothiocyanate (ait) was added before incubation at 37 degrees c. during the incubation, viable vibrio counts were determined on tcbs agar plates. both lean and fatty suspensions were inoculated with v. parahaemolyticus aoto-81, (1.28+/-0.20) x 10(2) cfu/ml, ...199910477067
on the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol.secoiridoides (oleuropein and derivatives), one of the major classes of polyphenol contained in olives and olive oil, have recently been shown to inhibit or delay the rate of growth of a range of bacteria and microfungi but there are no data in the literature concerning the possible employment of these secoiridoides as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria in man. in this study five atcc standard bacterial strains (haemophilus influenzae atcc 9006, moraxella catarrhalis atcc 8176, sal ...199910504039
ribotyping of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from food poisoning outbreaks in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a prevalent food-borne pathogen in taiwan, japan and other asian countries. this work presents a novel ribotyping method for the molecular epidemiological examination of this pathogen. genomic dna was fragmented by hindiii digestion and hybridized with cdna probe for escherichia coli 16s and 23s rna genes. a total of 121 isolates obtained from outbreaks during 1992 and 1994 in taiwan were characterized by this ribotyping method. four to seventeen restricted fragments w ...199910529103
update on emerging infections from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from long island sound--connecticut, new jersey, and new york, 1998.this article is part of a regular series on emerging infections from the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and the emergency id net, an emergency department-based and cdc-collaborative surveillance network. important infectious disease public health information with relevance to emergency physicians is reported. the goal of this series is to advance knowledge about communicable diseases in emergency medicine, and foster cooperation between the front line of clinical medicine and p ...199910533020
vibriophage kvp40 and coliphage t4 genomes share a homologous 7-kbp region immediately upstream of the gene encoding the major capsid protein.vibriophage kvp40, a large tailed dna phage morphologically similar to t-even coliphages, has a major capsid protein (mcp) homologous to the equivalent protein, gp23(*), of coliphage t4. the sequence analysis was extended to a 7-kbp region immediately upstream of the mcp gene encoding the precursor of mcp. the region as a whole was fairly homologous to the corresponding region of the t4 genome and contained 8 orfs homologous to t4 genes 17, 18, 19, 20, 67, 68, 21, and 22 in the same order as in ...199910550672
siderophore production of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from different sources.vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from different sources were assayed for their ability to produce a siderophore, vibrioferrin, under iron-limited growth conditions. the mean value +/- standard error of mean (microm vibrioferrin in spent culture supernatant/optical density at 660 nm) was 832.3 +/- 66.9 for clinical isolates (n=44), which was significantly higher (p<0.01) than those for food isolates (461.0 +/- 66.5; n=37) and coastal isolates (378.8 +/- 37.2; n=26). this suggests that gre ...199910553685
[analysis of thermostable direct hemolysin-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis].we investigated the source of thermostable direct hemolysin-producing vibrio parahaemolticus infection (positive strains) that causes vibrio parahaemolticus food poisoning.199910565185
vibrio parahemolyticus bacteremia: case report.vibrio parahemolyticus (v. parahemolyticus) is a halophilic gram-negative bacillus that lives in the ocean. it is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in taiwan and sometimes produces soft tissue infections, but it is rarely a cause of bacteremia. there have been only 11 cases reported in the literature. most of the cases involved a history of ingestion of seafood or exposure to seawater. in addition, those patients were all immunosuppressed, especially with leukemia and cirrhosis. we report ...199910584427
molecular typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, obtained from patients involved in food poisoning outbreaks in taiwan, by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important food-borne pathogens in taiwan, japan, and other countries with long coastlines. this paper reports on the development of a new random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method for the molecular typing of this pathogen. the 10-mer primer 284 (5'-cag gcg cac a-3') was selected to generate polymorphic amplification profiles of the genomic dna at an annealing temperature of 38 degrees c. a total of 308 clinical isolates of v. parahaemolyticus colle ...199910325328
disappearance of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from erythrocyte membrane by hemolysis with thermostable direct hemolysin of vibrio parahaemolyticus or vibrio cholerae el tor hemolysin.it is believed that the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) of vibrio parahaemolyticus and el tor hemolysin (eth) of vibrio cholerae damage erythrocytes and other cells by acting as pore-forming toxins. in this study, we found that a protein band with a molecular weight of 37,000 daltons specifically disappeared from erythrocyte membrane after hemolysis by tdh and eth, but not after hypotonic hemolysis. the 37 kda band was identified as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g3pd), a glycolyt ...199910338202
characterization of the antiseptic-resistance gene qace delta 1 isolated from clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae non-o1.the nucleotide sequence and mechanism of action were examined on the antiseptic-resistance gene qace delta 1 that had been isolated from pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae non-o1. the nucleotide sequences of qace delta 1 genes isolated from environmental isolates of v. cholerae non-o1 and v. parahaemolyticus differed by one base from that of the gene from p. aeruginosa. escherichia coli c600 that harbored qace delta 1 genes from several strains of vibrio spp. exh ...199910339831
occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of halophilic vibrio spp. and non-o1 vibrio cholerae from estuarine waters along the italian adriatic coast.the occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of vibrio spp. were investigated in two estuaries along the italian adriatic coast. vibrio alginolyticus was the predominant species, followed by vibrio parahaemolyticus, non-o1 vibrio cholerae, and vibrio vulnificus. by using a biochemical fingerprinting method, all isolates were grouped into nine phenotypes with similarity levels of 75 to 97.5%. the production of toxins capable of causing cytoskeleton-dependent changes was detected in a large number ...199910347072
response of pathogenic vibrio species to high hydrostatic pressure.vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17802, vibrio vulnificus atcc 27562, vibrio cholerae o:1 atcc 14035, vibrio cholerae non-o:1 atcc 14547, vibrio hollisae atcc 33564, and vibrio mimicus atcc 33653 were treated with 200 to 300 mpa for 5 to 15 min at 25 degrees c. high hydrostatic pressure inactivated all strains of pathogenic vibrio without triggering a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state; however, cells already existing in a vbnc state appeared to possess greater pressure resistance.199910347079
comparison of the heme iron utilization systems of pathogenic vibrios.vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio fluvialis, and vibrio parahaemolyticus utilized heme and hemoglobin as iron sources and contained chromosomal dna similar to several vibrio cholerae heme iron utilization genes. a v. parahaemolyticus gene that performed the function of v. cholerae huta was isolated. a portion of the tonb1 locus of v. parahaemolyticus was sequenced and found to encode proteins similar in amino acid sequence to v. cholerae hutw, tonb1, and exbb1. a recombinant plasmid containing the v. ...199910348876
sequence of the v. parahaemolyticus gene for cytoplasmic n, n'-diacetylchitobiase and homology with related enzymes.the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic n, n'-diacetylchitobiase [ec 3.2.1.14] from vibrio parahaemolyticus (atcc #27969) has been determined. the deduced peptide sequence of this unusual beta-hexosaminidase surprisingly shows minimum evolutionary relationship to two other reported n, n'-diacetylchitobiases from vibrios, except in highly conserved regions which are also homologous to lysosomal beta-hexosaminidases from eukaryotes including humans. in contrast, the two other ...199910348911
[food poisonings caused by halophilic vibrios in the city of vladivostok: their epidemiological characterization]. 199910356733
clonal diversity among recently emerged strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 associated with pandemic spread.the genomes of the o3:k6 strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus which abruptly emerged in calcutta, india, in february 1996 and which demonstrated an unusual potential to spread and an enhanced propensity to cause infections were examined by different molecular techniques to determine clonality. no restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in the gene encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin was observed among the o3:k6 isolates of v. parahaemolyticus. clonal diversity among the o3:k6 strain ...199910364615
detection of total and hemolysin-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish using multiplex pcr amplification of tl, tdh and trh.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen which can cause gastroenteritis when consumed in raw or partially-cooked seafood. a multiplex pcr amplification-based detection of total and virulent strains of v. parahaemolyticus was developed by targeting thermolabile hemolysin encoded by tl, thermostable direct hemolysin encoded by tdh, and thermostable direct hemolysin-related trh genes. following optimization using oligonucleotide primers targeting tl, tdh and trh genes, the multiplex ...199910379807
a filamentous phage of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 isolated in laos.a filamentous phage, 'lvpf5,' of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strain lvp5 was isolated and characterized. the host range was not restricted to serotype o3:k6, but 7 of 99 v. parahaemolyticus strains with a variety of serotypes were susceptible to the phage. the phage was inactivated by heating at 80 c for 10 min and by treating with chloroform. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the phage exhibited a 3.8 kda protein. the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the coat p ...199910385206
factors influencing in vitro killing of bacteria by hemocytes of the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica).a tetrazolium dye reduction assay was used to study factors governing the killing of bacteria by oyster hemocytes. in vitro tests were performed on bacterial strains by using hemocytes from oysters collected from the same location in winter and summer. vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, altered in motility or colonial morphology (opaque and translucent), and listeria monocytogenes mutants lacking catalase, superoxide dismutase, hemolysin, and phospholipase activities were examined in winter and su ...199910388697
comparison of molecular methods for typing vibrio parahaemolyticus.an outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis on canada's west coast in 1997 emphasized the need to develop molecular methods for differentiation and typing of these organisms. isolates were analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (eric) pcr, detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) in rrna genes (ribotyping), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and rflp analysis of the genetic locus encoding the polar flagellum (fla locus rflp anal ...199910405387
a mechanism of resistance to hydrogen peroxide in vibrio rumoiensis s-1.a possible mechanism of resistance to hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in vibrio rumoiensis, isolated from the h2o2-rich drain pool of a fish processing plant, was examined. when v. rumoiensis cells were inoculated into medium containing either 5 mm or no h2o2, they grew in similar manners. a spontaneous mutant strain, s-4, derived from v. rumoiensis and lacking catalase activity did not grow at all in the presence of 5 mm h2o2. these results suggest that catalase is inevitably involved in the resistanc ...19999872762
outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from long island sound--connecticut, new jersey, and new york, 1998.during july-september 1998, an outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with consumption of oysters and clams harvested from long island sound occurred among residents of connecticut, new jersey, and new york. this is the first reported outbreak of v. parahaemolyticus linked to consumption of shellfish harvested from new york waters. this report summarizes the investigation of this outbreak.19999935142
vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin modulates cytoskeletal organization and calcium homeostasis in intestinal cultured cells.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium known to be the leading cause of seafood gastroenteritis worldwide. a 46-kda homodimer protein secreted by this microorganism, the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), is considered a major virulence factor involved in bacterial pathogenesis since a high percentage of strains of clinical origin are positive for tdh production. tdh is a pore-forming toxin, and its most extensively studied effect is the ability to cause hemolysis of erythrocytes from d ...199910024554
from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from long island sound--connecticut, new jersey, and new york, 1998. 199910029109
evaluation of alkaline phosphatase- and digoxigenin-labelled probes for detection of the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus.the biochemical identification and enumeration of vibrio parahaemolyticus as described in the fda bacteriological analytical manual is expensive and labour-intensive. to reduce the time and effort necessary to verify the identity of v. parahaemolyticus, the use of a thermolabile haemolysin (tlh) gene probe is proposed. an alkaline phosphatase (ap)-labelled probe was evaluated for specificity against 26 strains of v. parahaemolyticus, 88 strains of other vibrio species and 10 strains of non-vibri ...199910030035
randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis of clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio vulnificus and other vibrio species.vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium that is capable of causing a rapidly fatal infection in humans. a randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) pcr protocol was developed for use in detecting v. vulnificus, as well as other members of the genus vibrio. the resulting rapd profiles were analyzed by using rflpscan software. this rapd method clearly differentiated between members of the genus vibrio and between isolates of v. vulnificus. each v. vulnificus strain produced a unique band patte ...199910049874
isolation and characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus causing infection in iberian toothcarp aphanius iberus.high mortality among laboratory cultured iberian toothcarp aphanius iberus occurred in february 1997 in valencia (spain). the main signs of the disease were external haemorrhage and tail rot. bacteria isolated from internal organs of infected fish were biochemically homogeneous and identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus. the bacteria were haemolytic against erythrocytes from eel anguilla anguilla, amberjack seriola dumerili, toothcarp a. iberus and humans, and were kanagawa-phenomenon-negative. i ...199910073316
identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains at the species level by pcr targeted to the toxr gene.the dna colony hybridization test with the polynucleotide probe for vibrio parahaemolyticus toxr gene was performed. all 373 strains of v. parahaemolyticus gave positive results, and the strains belonging to four other vibrio species including vibrio alginolyticus gave weakly positive results, suggesting that toxr sequence variation may reflect the phylogenetic relationships of vibrio species. we then established a toxr-targeted pcr protocol for the specific detection of v. parahaemolyticus.199910074546
[vibrio parahaemolyticus enteritis]. 199910088453
physical and genetic map of the genome of vibrio parahaemolyticus: presence of two chromosomes in vibrio species.we constructed a physical map of the genomic dna (5.1 mb) for vibrio parahaemolyticus strain aq4673 by combining 17 adjacent noti fragments. this map shows two circular replicons of 3.2 and 1.9 mb. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of undigested genomic dna revealed two bands of corresponding sizes. analysis both by noti digestion and by southern blot of the two isolated bands confirmed the existence of two replicons. the presence of genes for 16s rrna on both the replicons indicates that ...199910200969
expression and characterization of the prtv gene encoding a collagenase from vibrio parahaemolyticus in escherichia coli.the prtv gene, encoding a collagenase of vibrio parahaemolyticus, was expressed in escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. the transformant e. coli bl21(de3)(pprt2) secreted the recombinant prtv, and the highest enzyme activity was detected in the culture supernatant after 5 h iptg induction. the molecular mass of purified prtv was 62 kda as determined by gel filtration, which was similar to that obtained by sds-page (64 kda). this suggested that prtv was a monomer protein havi ...199910206692
[bacteriological studies of traveller's diarrhoea (6). analysis of enteropathogenic bacteria at kansai airport quarantine station from september 4th, 1994 through december 1996].during the period of investigation from sept. 4, 1994 to dec, 1996, a total of 11,446,534 overseas travellers were quarantined at kansai airport quarantine station, and 22,187 voluntarily reported of episodes suffering from diarrhoea. bacteriological examination of the stools a total of 9,299 individuals' was performed, and the following results were obtained. 1) various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 33.3% of the stools examined. bacterial species isolated were as follows: plesiom ...199910213987
[comparison of epidemiological markers for vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food poisoning].vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning, is the most prevalent among bacterial food poisoning in japan. study of epidemiologic markers is important in an attempt to trace the source of contamination. the purpose of this study was to compare seven different typing methods (serotyping, plasmid profile, antibiogram, phage susceptibility. tdh production, tdh and trh gene and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge]) for v. parahaemolyticus. outbreaks of v. parahaemolyticus food poisoning which occurre ...199910213996
macromolecular antimicrobial glycoprotein, achacin, expressed in a methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.a cdna encoding achacin, an antimicrobial glycoprotein from the body surface mucus of giant african snail achacina fulica férussac, was expressed in a methylotrophic yeast, pichia pastoris, and recombinant achacin (rach) was secreted in yeast minimal medium in a polyglycosylated form with 80 kda. carbohydrate analysis revealed that the glycosylated moiety of rach was composed of 50 mol mannose and 2 mol n-acetylglucosamine residues. antimicrobial activity using escherichia coli and staphylococcu ...199910217406
sequence analysis of the gyra and parc homologues of a wild-type strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants.vibrio parahaemolyticus causes seafood-borne gastroenteritis in humans. it is particularly important in japan, where raw seafood is frequently consumed. fluoroquinolone is one of the current drugs of choice for treating patients infected by v. parahaemolyticus because resistant strains are rarely found. to study a possible fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism in this organism, nucleotide sequences that are homologous to known gyra and parc genes have been cloned from v. parahaemolyticus aq3815 a ...199910223929
mutations conferring resistance to phenamil and amiloride, inhibitors of sodium-driven motility of vibrio parahaemolyticus.the bacterial flagellum is powered by a rotary motor capable of turning the helical flagellar propeller at very high speeds. energy to drive rotation is derived from the transmembrane electrochemical potential of specific ions. ions passing through a channel component are thought to generate the force to power rotation. two kinds of motors, dependent on different coupling ions, have been described: proton-driven and sodium-driven motors. there are four known genes encoding components of the sodi ...199910318954
the multiple identities of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a ubiquitous marine bacterium and human pathogen. the organism possesses multiple cell types appropriate for life under different circumstances. the swimmer cell, with a single polar flagellum, is adapted to life in liquid environments. the polar flagellum is powered by the sodium motive force and can propel the bacterium at fast speeds. the swarmer cell, propelled by many proton-powered lateral flagella, can move through highly viscous environments, colonize surfaces, ...199910941784
acid adaptation induces cross-protection against some environmental stresses in vibrio parahaemolyticus.the relationship of acid adaptation to the resistance of other environmental stresses was examined in vibrio parahaemolyticus. acid-adapted cells were found to have increased resistance to various stresses, including heat, crystal violet, bile, and deoxy cholic acid. however, heat-adapted cells showed no increased resistance against acid stress. adaptation required protein synthesis, since treatment with chloramphenicol during adaptation to ph 5.3 prevented the development of acid resistance. ac ...199912501372
[antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles of vibrio isolates from cultured sparus sarba].a total of 51 potential pathogenic vibrios were isolated from moribund silver seabream sparus sarba, which were collected from local fish farms of hong kong. all the isolates were classified and identified as 7 species by the api 20 e system and the scheme of alsina & blanch. these species were vibrio alginolyticus (24 strains), vibrio vulnificus (12 strains), vibrio parahaemolyticus(7 strains), vibrio logei(4 strains), vibrio pelagius ii(2 strains), vibrio fluvialis (1 strains) and vibrio medit ...199912555529
vibrio parahaemolyticus, japan, 1996-1998. 199910887775
some emerging food and water borne pathogens.emerging pathogens are those infective organisms whose incidence has recently increased or is likely to increase during the next two decades due to changes in demography, food habits, food technology, commerce, water sources and environmental factors. some important emerging food and water borne bacterial pathogens include listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni, yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli o157: h7, vibrio cholerae biotype e1 tor serotype 0139, vibrio ...199910810592
cloning and characterization of manganese superoxide dismutase gene from vibrio parahaemolyticus and application to preliminary identification of vibrio strains.the soda gene coding for manganese superoxide dismutase (mn-sod) from the marine microorganism vibrio parahaemolyticus was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in escherichia coli by use of the pet20b (+) expression vector. the full-length gene consisted of a 588-bp open reading frame and encoded a polypeptide of 196 amino acid residues, with a calculated molecular mass of 21,713 da. the recombinant enzyme was efficiently purified from crude e. coli cell lysate by metal ion affinity chromatograp ...199910690650
incidence of highly genetically diversified vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood imported from asian countries.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important pathogen of humans and aquacultured animals, especially in asian countries. in this study, we examined 686 samples of seafood imported from hong kong, indonesia, thailand and vietnam for v. parahaemolyticus. v. parahaemolyticus was recovered from 315 (45.9%) samples. the incidence of v. parahaemolyticus in products from hong kong and thailand was markedly higher than the incidence in products from indonesia and vietnam. the incidence rates in shrimp, crab, ...199910733249
emergence and prevalence of a novel vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 clone in japan. 199910738364
genetic and molecular organization of the 5s locus and mutants in d. melanogaster.the topography of an entire redundant locus was analyzed by both genetic and molecular means. three mutants (min0, min1, min2) allelic to the 5s rrna genetic locus on chromosome 2 of d. melanogaster were isolated. flies exhibit a mutant phenotype when hemizygous for a min allele, but flies having two doses are wild-type. saturation hybridization experiments show that the alleles are gross defieciencies each deleting an equal amount of 5s dna. each of the three mutant min alleles produces a disti ...1999103626
primary care approaches to developmental disabilities.ninety-seven board certified pediatricians who spend at least 75% of their professional working hours involved in the delivery of primary care in new england were interviewed to explore their attitudes and current clinical approaches to developmental disabilities. the majority of the pediatricians relied exclusively on clinical judgment and general observations for assessing developmental problems in their offices. responsibility for preschool screening for potential learning problems and the as ...199991155
otoneurological approach to diagnosis and removal of acoustic neuroma. 199991118
sterilisation issues.exception is taken to the 2 bases for sterilization of mentally handicapped people as stated by the working group in current medical/ethical problems -- genetic and fitness for parenthood. although parents with certain forms of retardation have a greater genetic propensity to bear mentally retarded offspring, there are considerably more "normal" parents with as high or a greater propensity. 80-90% of mentally handicapped children are born to normal parents. the unfitness for parenthood rationale ...199991007
benzodiazepines and tardive dyskinesia. 199990985
retinol-binding protein in malnutrition. 199990984
[skeletal maturation and its relation to clinical orthodontics]. 199996392
the use of visual feedback to control vocal intensity and nasalization.a device which provides visual feedback of vocal intensity, nasalization, or a ratio of nasalization to vocal intensity, is described. the device was used in several experiments in which control of vocal intensity was a necessary component. normal and hypernasal speakers were able to control their vocal intensities successfully when using the visual display. the display also was used in an experiment designed to determine how well normal speakers can manipulate their nasalization without visual ...199989126
[perception of patients in intensive care units. problems perceived and expectations in relation to nursing care]. 199994171
analysis of the yolk proteins in drosophila melanogaster. translation in a cell free system and peptide analysis. 1999103753
[palliative chemotherapy with 5 fu and cpm in cancer of the prostate with bone metastases resistant to oestrogens. a clinical trial (author's transl)].the efficacy of an association of cyclophosphamide (cpm) and 5-fluorouracil was studied in 15 patients with prostate cancer not responding to oestrogen therapy, and more particularly its effect on pain due to bone metastases. no objective improvement was noted with this association, but there was a definitite reduction in bone metastases pain in 5 of the patients, with an average remission time of 4 months. half of the patients had nausea and vomiting, but in spite of this digestive intolerance ...199994108
the mesencephalic exterolateral posterior nucleus of the mormyrid fish bryenomyrus niger: efferent connections studied by the hrp method. 199991414
large decompressive craniectomy in management of severe cerebral contusion. a review of 207 cases. 199991129
group systems of serum proteins and erythrocyte enzymes in malignant lymphoma.four group systems of serum proteins (hp, gc, gm, km) and five group systems of erythrocyte enzymes (ap, pgm1, gpt, ak, esd) were determined in 63 patients with malignant lymphoma. statistical analysis of the distribution of the above mentioned systems in patients and polish population samples did not reveal any significant differences, which points to the lack of any correlation between the disease and the group systems under examination.199985572
[distribution of dental plaque accumulation on permanent tooth surfaces in primary school children]. 199991630
the relationship between intracellular and extracellular potassium in normal and malnourished subjects as studied in leukocytes.leukocyte potassium has been measured in normal subjects and in malnourished children with and without edema both on admission and during recovery. in nonedematous malnourished children the potassium content was low (328 mmol/kg dry solids) and took 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation to return to normal (374 mmol/kg dry solids). leukocytes from edematous children had normal intracellular potassium values. however, 5 days on a maintenance diet reduced the intracellular potassium in the children with kwa ...199999717
captopril in a hyponatraemic hypertensive: need for caution in initiating therapy. 199985145
plasma arginine vasopressin in diabetic ketoacidosis.plasma arginine vasopressin (avp) was measured serially in 10 patients during the first 24 hours of treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. avp was elevated in all cases initially, ranging from 4.0--122.0 pmol/l, the basal level in healthy hydrated subjects being 1.57 +/- 0.59 pmol/l (+/- 1 sd). the levels fell progressively during the course of treatment. while there was no evidence that the massive increases in avp noted in this study were associated with water overload it remains to be determined ...1999103767
[treatment of acute diabetic ketoacidosis by administering small insulin doses into the serum]. 199999774
tetralogy of fallot in adults. 199991440
prostaglandin e, pessaries for induction of labour.vaginal pessaries containing 3 mg of prostaglandin e2 were used to induce labour in 200 patients with variable induction features. prostaglandin-induced labour was augmented where necessary by synthetic oxytocin. there was on failed induction. only 23% of patients with favourable induction features and 53% of patients with unfavourable features needed oxytocin. there were no adverse fetal or maternal effects. the prostaglandin e2 pessary was as effective in inducing labour as 350 microgram extra ...199985163
biochemical changes in the skin of mink with ehlers-danlos syndrome: increased collagen biosynthesis in the dermis of affected mink. 199921930
chido, rodgers and c4. in vivo and in vitro coating of red blood cells, grouping and antibody detection.c4 sucrose/low ionic strength (lis)-coated red blood cells (rbc) are excellent for the detection of the previously 'nebulous' antibodies, anti-chido and anti-rodgers, as well as for serum/plasma typing of these antigens by an inhibition technique. by enzyme treatment of such cells, it is confirmed that the ch and rg antigens reside on the c4d part of the c4 molecule. freshly taken rbc from normal individuals were examined with a sensitive auto-analyzer technique with anti-chido, anti-c4 and anti ...199991269
[evaluation of blood-liquor barrier by protein gradients in congenital hydrocephalus in infancy]. 199988669
ectopic pregnancy in southern iran: a statistical review of 96 cases.a review is presented of 96 cases of ectopic pregnacy over a 7-year period. it is noted that in recent years the incidence of this problem has increased. inadequately diagnosed and treated pelvic inflammatory disease has been found to be the main predisposing factor (40%). the rate of extra-uterine gestation was 1:336 deliveries. in this study, previous fertility was high, and primigravidae constituted only 10.4% of the total. the effect of previous pelvic operations and pelvic infection is disc ...199915916
histochemical study of orcein-positive hepatocellular material in paraffin sections of liver biopsy samples in the course of various liver diseases.a histochemical study was carried out on orcein-positive hepatocellular material in 111 cases, 27 of which were stained positively by orcein. orcein-positive material was very frequently found in protracted viral hepatitis and in chronic active hepatitis, as well as in other liver diseases with or without cholestasis; it was absent in liver cirrhosis. in all the cases considered the orcein-positive material was mainly formed of proteins, rich in amino acids with sulfhydryl and disulphide radical ...199991188
sodium iron nafeedta as an iron fortification compound in central america. absorption studies.studies were performed in seven children and 98 adults to compare the proportion of iron absorbed when administered as ferric sulfate (fe2(so4)3), nafeedta, hemoglobin (hb), and ferrous ascorbate. studies in children (mostly iron deficient) showed that when the compounds were given with a milk-rice-sugar formula totalling 5 mg fe, iron from hemoglobin was absorbed best, followed by nafeedta and by fe2(so4)3 (mean percent absorption +/-sd = 34.5 +/- 1.5, 8.6 +/- 1.9 and 3.3 +/- 1.5, respectively) ...199996688
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