Publications

socioeconomic correlates of antibody levels to enteric pathogens among israeli adolescents.	we examined the association between socioeconomic status and the level of serum antibodies to selected faeco-orally transmitted pathogens among israeli adolescents. random samples of eighty volunteers aged 12-15 years from high (hsl), medium (msl) and low (lsl) standard of living towns were included in the study. serum samples were examined by radioimmunoassay for hav and by in-house-developed elisa systems for iga and igg antibody levels against shigella sonnei, s. flexneri, e. coli o157:h7 lip ...	2007	16740193
structural organization of the needle complex of the type iii secretion apparatus of shigella flexneri.	the secretion apparatus known as the needle complex (nc) from the bacterium shigella flexneri was studied by single particle electron microscopy. the isolated intact nc appears in projection to be composed of a basal body consisting of seven rings and a protruding needle appendage. a comparison of averaged projections of the intact nc and its fragments revealed the organization of the nc into several major subcomplexes. one of these lacks an inner membrane ring of the basal body but still presen ...	2007	16920362
cholesterol is required to trigger caspase-1 activation and macrophage apoptosis after phagosomal escape of shigella.	pro-inflammatory macrophage apoptosis is pivotal in the aetiology of bacillary dysentery, an acute inflammatory diarrhoea caused by shigella spp. s. flexneri triggers its uptake by macrophages, escapes the phagosome and kills the host cell by a cytotoxic pathway, which activates and requires caspase-1 [interleukin (il)-1beta-converting enzyme] and releases mature il-1beta. the bacterial type iii-secreted translocator/effector protein ipab triggers cell death and directly binds to caspase-1. here ...	2007	16925787
self-chaperoning of the type iii secretion system needle tip proteins ipad and bipd.	bacteria expressing type iii secretion systems (t3ss) have been responsible for the deaths of millions worldwide, acting as key virulence elements in diseases ranging from plague to typhoid fever. the t3ss is composed of a basal body, which traverses both bacterial membranes, and an external needle through which effector proteins are secreted. we report multiple crystal structures of two proteins that sit at the tip of the needle and are essential for virulence: ipad from shigella flexneri and b ...	2007	17077085
octaplex pcr and fluorescence-based capillary electrophoresis for identification of human diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella spp.	a multiplex pcr assay, amplifying seven specific virulence genes and one internal control gene in a single reaction, was developed to identify the five main pathotypes of diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella spp. the virulence genes selected for each category were stx1, stx2, and eaea for enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), eaea for enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), stib and lti for enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), ipah for enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) and shigella spp., and aggr for enteroa ...	2007	17079041
o-acetylation in the o-specific polysaccharide isolated from shigella flexneri serotype 2a.	shigella flexneri causes diarrheal diseases especially in infants and children in developing countries. modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecule, like bacteriophage-mediated glucosylation and acetylation of the o-specific chain (o-sp), are important for the lps antigenicity and consequently for the immunogenicity of the polysaccharide-based vaccines against shigellosis. here, we report the degree of o-acetylation and the localisation of o-acetyl groups and side-chain glucose substi ...	2007	17087926
ipad is localized at the tip of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion apparatus.	type iii secretion (t3s) systems are used by numerous gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to inject virulence proteins into animal and plant host cells. the core of the t3s apparatus, known as the needle complex, is composed of a basal body transversing both bacterial membranes and a needle protruding above the bacterial surface. in shigella flexneri, ipad is required to inhibit the activity of the t3s apparatus prior to contact of bacteria with host and has been proposed to assist translocation o ...	2007	17110044
enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and listeria monocytogenes recruit a junctional protein, zonula occludens-1, to actin tails and pedestals.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and listeria monocytogenes induce localized actin polymerization at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane or within the host cytoplasm, creating unique actin-rich structures termed pedestals or actin tails. the process is known to be mediated by the actin-related protein 2 and 3 (arp2/3) complex, which in these cases acts downstream of neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp) or of a listerial functional homolog of wasp family p ...	2007	17118974
an injected bacterial effector targets chromatin access for transcription factor nf-kappab to alter transcription of host genes involved in immune responses.	phosphorylation of histone h3 at ser10 increases chromatin accessibility to transcription factor nf-kappab on a subset of genes involved in immune responses. here we report that a bacterial pathogen abrogated phosphorylation of histone h3 to 'shape' the transcriptional responses of infected host cells. we identify the shigella flexneri protein effector ospf as a dually specific phosphatase that dephosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases in the nucleus, thus preventing histone h3 phosphor ...	2007	17159983
shigella ipgb1 promotes bacterial entry through the elmo-dock180 machinery.	shigella use a special mechanism to invade epithelial cells called 'the trigger mechanism of entry', which allows epithelial cells to trap several bacteria simultaneously. on contact, shigella deliver effectors into epithelial cells through the type iii secretion system. here, we show that one of the effectors, ipgb1, has a pivotal role in producing membrane ruffles by exploiting the rhog-elmo-dock180 pathway to stimulate rac1 activity. using pulldown assays, we identified engulfment and cell mo ...	2007	17173036
vaccine potential for inactivated shigellae.	we used human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dc) and balb/c mice as models to establish the immunogenic and protective potential of formalin-inactivated shigella spp. incubation of dc with inactivated or live bacteria induced dc maturation and cytokine release. mice immunized orally or intranasally with killed s. flexneri, s. sonnei, or s. dysenteriae developed igg and fecal iga titers to the homologous lps. following respiratory challenge with the live homologous organisms, 80-100% survival ...	2007	17178431
villin severing activity enhances actin-based motility in vivo.	villin, an actin-binding protein associated with the actin bundles that support microvilli, bundles, caps, nucleates, and severs actin in a calcium-dependant manner in vitro. we hypothesized that the severing activity of villin is responsible for its reported role in enhancing cell plasticity and motility. to test this hypothesis, we chose a loss of function strategy and introduced mutations in villin based on sequence comparison with capg. by pyrene-actin assays, we demonstrate that this mutant ...	2007	17182858
use of linear, weibull, and log-logistic functions to model pressure inactivation of seven foodborne pathogens in milk.	survival curves of six foodborne pathogens suspended in ultra high-temperature (uht) whole milk and exposed to high hydrostatic pressure at 21.5 degrees c were obtained. vibrio parahaemolyticus was treated at 300 mpa and other pathogens, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus were treated at 600 mpa. all the survival curves showed a rapid initial drop in bacterial counts followe ...	2007	17188197
polar positional information in escherichia coli spherical cells.	shigella surface protein icsa and its cytoplasmic derivatives are localized to the old pole of rod-shaped cells when expressed in escherichia coli. in spherical mreb cells, icsa is targeted to ectopic sites and close to one extremity of actin-like mamk filament. to gain insight into the properties of the sites containing polar material, we studied the icsa localization in spherical cells. gfp was exported into the periplasm via the tat pathway and used as a periplasmic space marker. gfp displaye ...	2007	17188233
extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing shigella strains in israel, 2000-2004.	routine susceptibility testing of 5,616 shigella isolates at the national shigella reference centre in israel over a 5-year period (2000-2004) revealed resistance to ceftriaxone in one strain of shigella boydii 2 and in two strains each of shigella flexneri 2a, s. flexneri 6, and shigella sonnei. all seven isolates were confirmed as producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) by the combination disk method, the vitek 1 system, and a modification of the double-disk synergy test, which is ...	2007	17265070
epidemiological characterization of resistance and pcr typing of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei strains isolated from bacillary dysentery cases in southeast brazil.	shigella spp are gram-negative, anaerobic facultative, non-motile, and non-sporulated bacilli of the enterobacteriaceae family responsible for "shigellosis" or bacillary dysentery, an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. however, despite this, there are very few epidemiological studies about this bacterium in brazil. we studied the antibiotic resistance profiles and the clonal structure of 60 shigella strains (30 s. flexneri and 30 s. sonnei) isolated from shigellosis cases in d ...	2007	17273662
new animal model of shigellosis in the guinea pig: its usefulness for protective efficacy studies.	it has been difficult to evaluate the protective efficacy of vaccine candidates against shigellosis, a major form of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella spp. infection, because of the lack of suitable animal models. to develop a proper animal model representing human bacillary dysentery, guinea pigs were challenged with virulent shigella flexneri serotype 2a (strains 2457t or ysh6000) or s. flexneri 5a (strain m90t) by the intrarectal (i.r.) route. interestingly, all guinea pigs administered ...	2007	17277155
gene expression profiling of the ph response in shigella flexneri 2a.	the ph response of shigella flexneri 2a 301 was identified by gene expression profiling. gene expression profiles of cells grown in ph 4.5 or 8.6 were compared with the profiles of cells grown at ph 7.0. differential expression was observed for 307 genes: 97 were acid up-regulated, 102 were acid down-regulated, 91 were base up-regulated, and 86 were base down-regulated. twenty-seven genes were found to be both acid and base up-regulated, and 29 genes were both acid and base down-regulated. this ...	2007	17286558
o-specific [corrected] polysaccharide conjugate vaccine-induced [corrected] antibodies prevent invasion of shigella into caco-2 cells and may be curative.	the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domain of shigella lps is both an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen for this genus. a critical level of serum igg anti-o-sp was shown to confer immunity to shigellosis, likely by complement-mediated bacteriolysis of the inoculum. conjugate shigella o-sp vaccines were shown to be safe and immunogenic in children, and, in a preliminary study, shigella sonnei vaccine was protective in young adults. characteristic of shigellosis is bacterial inv ...	2007	17287349
capping of actin filaments by vinculin activated by the shigella ipaa carboxyl-terminal domain.	shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells. upon bacterial-cell contact, the type iii bacterial effector ipaa binds to the cytoskeletal protein vinculin to promote actin reorganization required for efficient bacterial uptake. we show that the last 74 c-terminal residues of ipaa (a559) bind to human vinculin (hv) and promotes its association with actin filaments. polymerisation experiments demonstrated that a559 was sufficient to induce hv-dependent partial cap ...	2007	17289036
bile salts stimulate recruitment of ipab to the shigella flexneri surface, where it colocalizes with ipad at the tip of the type iii secretion needle.	shigella flexneri uses its type iii secretion apparatus (ttsa) to deliver invasins into human cells. this ttsa possesses an external needle with ipad at its tip. we now show that deoxycholate promotes the stable recruitment of ipab to the needle tip without inducing a rapid burst of type iii secretion. the maintenance of ipab at the needle tip requires a stable association of ipad with the shigella surface. this is the first demonstration of a translocator protein being stably associated with th ...	2007	17296762
the phosphothreonine lyase activity of a bacterial type iii effector family.	pathogenic bacteria use the type iii secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host cells to modulate the host signaling pathways. in this study, the shigella type iii effector ospf was shown to inactivate mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) [extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2), c-jun n-terminal kinase, and p38]. ospf irreversibly removed phosphate groups from the phosphothreonine but not from the phosphotyrosine residue in the activation loop of mapks. mass sp ...	2007	17303758
yeast functional genomic screens lead to identification of a role for a bacterial effector in innate immunity regulation.	numerous bacterial pathogens manipulate host cell processes to promote infection and ultimately cause disease through the action of proteins that they directly inject into host cells. identification of the targets and molecular mechanisms of action used by these bacterial effector proteins is critical to understanding pathogenesis. we have developed a systems biological approach using the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae that can expedite the identification of cellular processes targeted by bacter ...	2007	17305427
the role of the vacb gene in the pathogenesis of brucella abortus.	brucella species are important zoonotic pathogens affecting a wide variety of mammals. therefore, the identification of new brucella virulence factors is of great interest in understanding bacterial pathogenesis and immune evasion. in this study, we have identified brucella abortus vacb gene that presents 2343 nucleotides and 781 amino acids and it shows 39% identity with shigella flexneri vacb gene that encodes an exoribonuclease rnase r involved in bacterial virulence. further, we have inactiv ...	2007	17306588
h-ns antagonism in shigella flexneri by virb, a virulence gene transcription regulator that is closely related to plasmid partition factors.	the virb protein of shigella flexneri is a positive regulator of the major virulence operons of this enteroinvasive intracellular pathogen. virb resembles no other transcription factor but is strongly homologous to plasmid partition proteins. we found that the binding of the virb protein to the promoter region of the icsb virulence gene induced hypersensitivity to cleavage by dnase i over a region to which the h-ns repressor protein binds and completely abolished the protection of this sequence ...	2007	17307842
conformational stability and differential structural analysis of lcrv, pcrv, bipd, and sipd from type iii secretion systems.	diverse gram-negative bacteria use type iii secretion systems (t3ss) to translocate effector proteins into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. the type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) consists of a basal body spanning both bacterial membranes and an external needle. a sensor protein lies at the needle tip to detect environmental signals that trigger type iii secretion. the shigella flexneri t3sa needle tip protein, invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad), possesses two independently folding domains in v ...	2007	17327391
expression level of heterologous tat genes is crucial for in vivo reconstitution of a functional tat translocase in escherichia coli.	the tat system has the remarkable capacity of exporting proteins in folded conformation across the cytoplasmic membrane. the functional tat translocase from gram-negative bacteria consists of tata, tatb and tatc proteins. to gain information about the species specificity of the tat translocase, we cloned tat genes from gram-negative pathogens shigella flexneri 2a str. 301, vibrio cholerae el tor n16961, pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1, thermophilic sulfolobus solfataricus p2, thermus thermophilus hb ...	2007	17336443
shigella flexneri inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in epithelial cells.	shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular organism that causes bacillary dysentery. the shigella ipab protein activates caspase 1 in macrophages, which eventually leads to apoptosis. in contrast, epithelial cells infected with shigella undergo a stress response but do not die. therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if shigella has the ability to inhibit apoptosis in epithelial cells. a modified gentamicin protection assay was used to investigate if hela cells infected wit ...	2007	17339354
[shigella flexneri modulates host cell epigenetic information as a strategy to shape the transcriptional response].		2007	17349276
the type iii secretion system needle tip complex mediates host cell sensing and translocon insertion.	type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are essential virulence determinants of many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. the shigella t3ss consists of a cytoplasmic bulb, a transmembrane region and a hollow 'needle' protruding from the bacterial surface. physical contact with host cells initiates secretion and leads to assembly of a pore, formed by ipab and ipac, in the host cell membrane, through which proteins that facilitate host cell invasion are translocated. as the needle is implicated in host c ...	2007	17367391
inactivation of foodborne pathogens using a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma.	this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (oaugdp) for inactivation of foodborne pathogens and to evaluate the influence of growth temperature, ph, and culture age on their inactivation. escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia enterocolitica, and shigella flexneri were evaluated. three-strain mixtures of each bacterium were inocula ...	2007	17378708
small rnas controlling iron metabolism.	iron is one of the most important metals in the metabolism of many organisms, including bacteria, in which it serves as a cofactor in multiple enzymatic reactions. most of the earlier research on iron regulation in bacteria has focused on the transcriptional regulator fur and its effect on the many genes involved in iron uptake. more recent work demonstrates the essential role of a small regulatory rna, ryhb, in iron metabolism. ryhb downregulates a large number of transcripts encoding iron-usin ...	2007	17383226
assessment and interpretation of bacterial viability by using the live/dead baclight kit in combination with flow cytometry.	the commercially available live/dead baclight kit is enjoying increased popularity among researchers in various fields of microbiology. its use in combination with flow cytometry brought up new questions about how to interpret live/dead staining results. intermediate states, normally difficult to detect with epifluorescence microscopy, are a common phenomenon when the assay is used in flow cytometry and still lack rationale. it is shown here that the application of propidium iodide in combinatio ...	2007	17384309
dipstick for rapid diagnosis of shigella flexneri 2a in stool.	shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, an acute bloody diarrhoea, is a major public health burden in developing countries. in the absence of prompt and appropriate treatment, the infection is often fatal, particularly in young malnourished children. here, we describe a new diagnostic test for rapid detection, in stool, at the bedside of patients, of shigella flexneri 2a, the most predominant agent of the endemic form of the disease.	2007	17440606
effect of intensive handwashing in the prevention of diarrhoeal illness among patients with aids: a randomized controlled study.	patients with aids frequently develop diarrhoeal illness. in this randomized, controlled study, 260 patients were screened for those who had not had diarrhoea in the preceding 3 months and who had received a stable highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen for at least 6 weeks prior to the study enrollment. a total of 148 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled: 75 patients were randomly assigned to an intensive handwashing intervention (i.e. handwashing after defecation, after ...	2007	17446290
tumor-specific colonization, tissue distribution, and gene induction by probiotic escherichia coli nissle 1917 in live mice.	systemic administration of microorganisms into tumor-bearing mice revealed preferential accumulation in tumors in comparison to clearance in organs such as spleen and liver. here we compared the efficiency of tumor-specific colonization of pathogenic salmonella typhimurium strains 14028 and sl1344 to the enteroinvasive escherichia coli 4608-58 strain and to the attenuated salmonella flexneri 2a sc602 strain, as well as to the uropathogenic e. coli cft073, the non-pathogenic e. coli top10, and th ...	2007	17448724
[pfge of shigella flexneri 4c isolates from food-poisoning outbreaks and sporadic diarrhea patients].	to know the molecular characteristic of shigella flexneri 4c isolates from patients in two food-poisoning outbreaks and one sporadic diarrhea case in hangzhou, china.	2007	17484212
[pathogens trapped in neutrophils nets].		2007	17502056
immunogenicity and protective efficacy offered by a ribosomal-based vaccine from shigella flexneri 2a.	shigellosis is a major form of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella infection. shigella ribosome-based vaccines (srv), considered among the potent vaccine candidates, are composed of o-antigen and ribosome isolated from s. flexneri 2a. to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of srv, mice were vaccinated with srv via the intranasal (i.n.) route. interestingly, robust levels of shigella-derived lps-specific igg and iga abs and antibody-forming cells were elicited in systemic an ...	2007	17507120
epidemiology and evolution of genotype and antimicrobial resistance of an imported shigella sonnei clone circulating in central taiwan.	shigella sonnei replaced shigella flexneri to become the predominant species for shigellosis in 2001 to 2003 in central taiwan. a total of 425 s. sonnei isolates collected from 1996 to 2004 were available for characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), inter-is1 spacer typing (ist), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. the results showed that at least 21 ist clones had emerged for the s. sonnei infections in 1996 to 2004. most ist clones lasted for a short time; some circul ...	2007	17509797
rapid engineering of bacterial reporter gene fusions by using red recombination.	reporter gene fusions are essential tools for the investigation of gene regulation. such fusions are traditionally generated by transposon mutagenesis and identified by a suitable selection procedure. alternatively, specific reporter fusions can be generated by cloning of dna fragments containing promoters or other regulatory elements in reporter plasmids. here, we describe a novel approach for the rapid generation of reporter gene fusions in single copies at defined positions in bacterial genom ...	2007	17513596
[mathematical modeling and prognosis of incidence of enteric anthroponoses with aqueous route of transmission].	using data on long-term dynamics of epidemic process of acute enteric infections enteric with aqueous route of transmission (typhoid fever, shigellosis caused by shigella flexneri, hepatitis a, rotavirus gastroenteritis, etc.)the equation of regression was developed with the help of chebyshev's polynoms. predicted incidences of these infections for 2005 were on 61.2-99.5% in agree with the real ones on two territories of north region of west siberia. predicted incidence for 2006 is reflecting te ...	2007	17523473
icsa surface presentation in shigella flexneri requires the periplasmic chaperones degp, skp, and sura.	a shigella flexneri degp mutant, which was defective for plaque formation in henle cell monolayers, had a reduced amount of icsa detectable on the bacterial surface with antibody. however, the mutant secreted icsa to the outer membrane at wild-type levels. this suggests that icsa adopts an altered conformation in the outer membrane of the degp mutant with reduced exposure on the cell surface. icsa is, therefore, unlikely to be accessible to actin-nucleating proteins within the eukaryotic cell cy ...	2007	17526712
[using neosmectin in the complex therapy of patients with acute intestinal infections].		2007	17539357
control and regulation of kple1 prophage site-specific recombination: a new recombination module analyzed.	kple1 is one of the 10 prophage regions of escherichia coli k12, located at 2464 kb on the chromosome. kple1 is defective for lysis, but it is fully competent for excisive recombination. in this study, we have mapped the binding sites of the recombination proteins, namely ints, tori, and ihf on attl and attr, and the organization of these sites suggests that the intasome is architecturally different from the lambda canonical form. we also measured the relative contribution of these proteins to b ...	2007	17545146
screening methods used to determine the anti-microbial properties of aloe vera inner gel.	the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains is a growing problem and is an important concern for patients, physicians, healthcare managers, and policymakers as it results in poorer health and economic outcomes. this has led to an urgent global call for new antimicrobial drugs, particularly from natural resources. we have been studying the antimicrobial properties of the inner leaf gel component of aloe barbadensis miller and have used a number of different, simple in vitro assays to ...	2007	17560318
the inner gel component of aloe vera suppresses bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines from human immune cells.	the present study was carried out to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the inner leaf gel component of aloe barbadensis miller. a simple in vitro assay was designed to determine the effect of the inner gel on bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, namely tnf-alpha and il-1 beta, from peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with shigella flexneri or lps. this report describes the suppression of both cytokines with a freeze-dried inner gel powder and a commercial health dri ...	2007	17560326
antimicrobial activity of a series of thiosemicarbazones and their zn(ii) and pd(ii) complexes.	thirty-four thiosemicarbazones and s-alkyl thiosemicarbazones, and some of their zn(ii) and pd(ii) complexes were obtained and purified to investigate antimicrobial activity. mic values of the compounds were determined by the disc diffusion method against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, and candida albicans. the thiosemicarbazones show antibacterial and antifungal effec ...	2007	17571790
preparation and characterization of translocator/chaperone complexes and their component proteins from shigella flexneri.	shigella flexneri causes a severe form of bacillary dysentery also known as shigellosis. onset of shigellosis requires bacterial invasion of colonic epithelial cells which is initiated by the delivery of translocator and effector proteins to the host cell membrane and cytoplasm, respectively, by the shigella type iii secretion system (ttss). the shigella translocator proteins, ipab and ipac, form a pore complex in the host cell membrane to facilitate effector delivery; however, prior to their se ...	2007	17571858
a deafness-associated mutant human connexin 26 improves the epithelial barrier in vitro.	a large proportion of recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss is due to mutations in the gjb2 gene encoding connexin 26 (cx26), a component of a gap junction. within different ethnic groups there are specific common recessive mutations, each with a relatively high carrier frequency, suggesting the possibility of heterozygous advantage. carriers of the r143w gjb2 allele, the most prevalent in the african population, present with a thicker epidermis than noncarriers. in this study, we show that (r143w ...	2007	17581693
genetic structure of the nada and nadb antivirulence loci in shigella spp.	comparison of nada and nadb in 14 shigella strains and enteroinvasive escherichia coli versus e. coli showed that at least one locus is altered in all strains. these observations explain the characteristic nicotinic acid auxotrophy of shigella organisms and are consistent with the previously identified antivirulence nature of these genes for these pathogens.	2007	17586625
inhibition by anti-cd2 monoclonal antibodies of anti-cd3-induced t cell-dependent b cell activation.	anti-cd3 mab can activate t cells to help in b cell activation as detected by late events, such as maturation of b cells into ig-secreting cells (igsc), or by early events, such as b cell surface expression of the activation marker cd23. two different anti-cd2 mab each inhibited anti-cd3-induced t cell-dependent b cell activation in a dose-dependent fashion. neither irradiation of the t cells prior to culture nor depletion of cd8+ cells abrogated the inhibitory effects of anti-cd2 mab. despite t ...	2007	1976440
regression of diffuse osteosclerosis in hairy cell leukaemia after treatment with interferon.		2007	2223637
regression of diffuse osteosclerosis in hairy cell leukaemia after treatment with interferon.		2007	2223637
observation and theory in psychoanalysis: the self psychology of heinz kohut.	the development of self psychology by heinz kohut illustrates the influence of observational method on theory formation in psychoanalysis. in 1959 kohut began to emphasize empathy and introspection over the traditional combination of free association and evenly suspended attention. this became an important part of a process of revision in psychoanalytic theory which culminated in self psychology. this paper demonstrates how and why that particular change in observational method influenced that p ...	2007	1924603
antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and severe renal involvement: close correlation between disease activity and appearance of circulating anticoagulant.	a 16-year-old girl meeting the criteria for sle is described. salient features of the clinical course included active glomerulonephritis with dense subepithelial deposits on electron microscopy, pulmonary embolism, axillary vein thrombosis, arthritis, serositis and fever. disease activity correlated with the presence of lupus anticoagulant as measured by vdrl and partial thromboplastin time (ptt). her serum was consistently negative to ana, anti-ds-dna, anti-ss-dna, ena, anti-ro, anti-la, and le ...	2007	3128493
the passerine bird song system as a model in neuroendocrine research.	in the neural system controlling song in passerine birds, gonadal steroid hormones have potent effects on neural growth and differentiation. during ontogeny, sex differences in the secretion of steroid hormones lead to dramatic sex differences in neuron number and structure. in adulthood, sex steroid hormones also cause a significant reorganization of neural circuits. these studies of hormone action have been influential in the development of the field of neuroendocrinology.	2007	1974800
disturbed metabolism of glucose and related hormones in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: hypersensitivities of the autonomic nervous system and therapeutic prevention.	regulation of glucose metabolism was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt) in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (fap). upon oral administration of a loading dose of glucose, plasma levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon changed abnormally in all fap patients tested. although plasma levels of glucose and insulin in the fasted patients were within normal ranges, 33% of fap patients showed hypoglycemia after transient hyperinsulinemia during the examination. furthermore, ...	2007	1940028
regulation of alcohol consumption by the renin-angiotensin system: a review of recent findings and a possible mechanism of action.	the renin-angiotensin system has traditionally been associated with the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. in this review we summarize the data which ascribes a completely new function to this system, i.e., the regulation of alcohol consumption. in addition, we suggest a possible mechanism for this effect based on the concept of a satiety or stop process. the approach taken was to examine the effect on alcohol intake of a wide variety of drug, genetic, dietary, surgical and neurosurgic ...	2007	1852316
[brain stem auditory evoked potentials in the early period after a brain concussion].	acoustic truncal evoked potentials (atep) were studied in 24 patients in the first 48 hours after concussion of the brain. the absolute peak latency of components 1, 3, and 5, the interpeak intervals 1-3, 3-5, and 1-5, and the interaural difference were determined. the results were compared with those of examination of a control group of 24 healthy individuals. individual and group appraisal failed to reveal any significant differences from normal values in none of the studied parameters in pati ...	2007	2168645
[urinary symptoms in elderly women in nursing homes. frequency and social consequences of urinary incontinence in elderly women living in nursing homes].	all 278 female residents of nursing homes in the county of roskilde were assessed as regards the extent and severity of urinary incontinence and possible urinary infections. a total of 168 (58.5%) were incontinent. culture of the urine was performed in 210 women and significant bacteriuria was demonstrated in 50%. thirty-four out of the total of 287 women (12%) had indwelling catheters. in incontinent women without catheters, great quantities of urine were often voided involuntarily. despite thi ...	2007	2238207
[urinary symptoms in elderly women in nursing homes. frequency and social consequences of urinary incontinence in elderly women living in nursing homes].	all 278 female residents of nursing homes in the county of roskilde were assessed as regards the extent and severity of urinary incontinence and possible urinary infections. a total of 168 (58.5%) were incontinent. culture of the urine was performed in 210 women and significant bacteriuria was demonstrated in 50%. thirty-four out of the total of 287 women (12%) had indwelling catheters. in incontinent women without catheters, great quantities of urine were often voided involuntarily. despite thi ...	2007	2238207
propofol for sedation of a spontaneously breathing infant.		2007	1952021
in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from plants bryophyllum pinnatum and kalanchoe crenata.	extracts from the leaves of bryophyllum pinnatum and kalanchoe crenata were screened for their antimicrobial activities. solvents used included water, methanol, and local solvents such as palmwine, local gin (seaman's schnapps 40% alcoholic drink,) and "omi ekan-ogi" (sour water from 3 days fermented milled maize). leaves were dried and powdered before being soaked in solvents for 3 days. another traditional method of extraction by squeezing raw juice from the leaves was also employed. all extra ...	2007	20161897
comparative sequence analysis of acid sensitive/resistance proteins in escherichia coli and shigella flexneri.	the molecular basis for the survival of bacteria under extreme conditions in which growth is inhibited is a question of great current interest. a preliminary study was carried out to determine residue pattern conservation among the antiporters of enteric bacteria, responsible for extreme acid sensitivity especially in escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. here we found the molecular evidence that proved the relationship between e. coli and s. flexneri. multiple sequence alignment of the gadc c ...	2007	21670792
[scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. its value in macular diseases].	the scanning laser ophthalmoscope provided a high quality television image of the fundus with minimal illumination of the retina. this new device based on a totally new electro-optical principle allowed a detailed exploration of macular function directly under simultaneous fundus control. the focused beam of a yellow krypton laser (568,2 nm) was swept up and down, rights and links across the fundus to form a raster of parallel lines on the retina. the s.l.o. illuminated only a single retinal poi ...	2007	2258548
[scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. its value in macular diseases].	the scanning laser ophthalmoscope provided a high quality television image of the fundus with minimal illumination of the retina. this new device based on a totally new electro-optical principle allowed a detailed exploration of macular function directly under simultaneous fundus control. the focused beam of a yellow krypton laser (568,2 nm) was swept up and down, rights and links across the fundus to form a raster of parallel lines on the retina. the s.l.o. illuminated only a single retinal poi ...	2007	2258548
[successful therapy of ph1 positive chronic myelocytic leukemia with oral form of etoposide].	a 33-year-old female was diagnosed as having chronic myelocytic leukemia (cml) with philadelphia (ph1) chromosome and breakpoint cluster region (bcr) rearrangement. physical examination revealed a huge splenomegaly and laboratory data showed wbc 490 x 10(3)/microliter and nap score 44. she was treated with hydroxyurea, alpha-interferon, or busulfan, but severe adverse reaction such as skin rash, fever, and arthralgia, which allowed the therapy discontinue was occurred. when the patient was treat ...	2007	2255067
super or not-so-super selective vagotomy?		2007	5007128
super or not-so-super selective vagotomy?		2007	5007128
benign tumors of bone.		2007	2223464
benign tumors of bone.		2007	2223464
surveillance of tetanus, 1987 and 1988.		2007	2223560
surveillance of tetanus, 1987 and 1988.		2007	2223560
[the lymphocyte transformation test in sarcoidosis].	a suppressive effect of the sarcoidosis serum on the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes could be confirmed statistically (p less than 1%). but there remained a lot of deviating results in distinct individual cases which could not be explained by subdividing the material in regard to different clinical points of view. the practical utility of the ltt as a diagnostic tool in sarcoidosis is therefore very limited. the partly missing suppression or even a stimulation compared to the culture with p ...	2007	2219991
buerger's disease and inflammatory aspects of atherosclerosis.		2007	2223460
buerger's disease and inflammatory aspects of atherosclerosis.		2007	2223460
parathyroid gland disease and hypercalcemia.		2007	2223448
parathyroid gland disease and hypercalcemia.		2007	2223448
chronic manganese intoxication.	we report six cases of chronic manganese intoxication in workers at a ferromanganese factory in taiwan. diagnosis was confirmed by assessing increased manganese concentrations in the blood, scalp, and pubic hair. in addition, increased manganese levels in the environmental air were established. the patients showed a bradykinetic-rigid syndrome indistinguishable from parkinson's disease that responded to treatment with levodopa.	2007	2803069
[lung cancer in women in moscow (epidemiology, etiology and surgical treatment)].	in the studied period (1973-1987) the lung carcinoma morbidity rate among females of moscow, in general intensive indices (per 100,000 females), showed a tendency to reduce (18.4 in 1973 and 15.1 in 1987). a reverse tendency is mostly encountered in other countries. more than half of patients with lung carcinoma were over 70 years of age. the ratio of males with lung carcinoma to that of females grew from 3.0:1.0 in 1973-1977 to 3.6:1.0 in 1983-1987. in the period from 1979 to 1988, 380 females ...	2007	2223213
[lung cancer in women in moscow (epidemiology, etiology and surgical treatment)].	in the studied period (1973-1987) the lung carcinoma morbidity rate among females of moscow, in general intensive indices (per 100,000 females), showed a tendency to reduce (18.4 in 1973 and 15.1 in 1987). a reverse tendency is mostly encountered in other countries. more than half of patients with lung carcinoma were over 70 years of age. the ratio of males with lung carcinoma to that of females grew from 3.0:1.0 in 1973-1977 to 3.6:1.0 in 1983-1987. in the period from 1979 to 1988, 380 females ...	2007	2223213
[anxiety and the presence of the father at childbirth].	the authors give a report of a follow-up the anxiety of 363 couples whereby the husband decided to be present at the childbirth and took part in the childbirth preparation courses. the anxiety state and anxiety trait in men was found to be significantly lower than in women. the data of women were compared to a matched control group consisting of 135 pregnant women. in cases where the husband was present at childbirth the anxiety state and anxiety trait of the women was considerably lower than in ...	2007	2652033
effects of maternal cigarette smoking on ultrasonic measurements of fetal growth and on doppler flow velocity waveforms.	serial ultrasound biometry and doppler flow velocity waveform analysis were used to measure the effects of maternal smoking in a prospective study of 535 pregnancies. smoking was associated with significant reductions in maternal weight gain, birthweights and placental weights. decreased fetal biparietal diameter measurements were observed in pregnancies of smoking women; this effect was maximal at 24 weeks' gestation, was restricted to male fetuses and was not associated with altered head circu ...	2007	2265596
effects of maternal cigarette smoking on ultrasonic measurements of fetal growth and on doppler flow velocity waveforms.	serial ultrasound biometry and doppler flow velocity waveform analysis were used to measure the effects of maternal smoking in a prospective study of 535 pregnancies. smoking was associated with significant reductions in maternal weight gain, birthweights and placental weights. decreased fetal biparietal diameter measurements were observed in pregnancies of smoking women; this effect was maximal at 24 weeks' gestation, was restricted to male fetuses and was not associated with altered head circu ...	2007	2265596
[bruxism. n.m.r.s].		2007	2099471
the practice of neurology.		2007	2241611
laboratory tests for the diagnosis of viral disease in pregnancy.		2007	2190727
[postoperative invagination in children. apropos of 4 cases].		2007	2063484
the effect of naloxone on lipid-induced pyloric motor response in humans.	this study examines whether opioid receptors are involved in the mediation of the pyloric motor response to intraduodenal lipid infusion. antral, pyloric, and duodenal manometry was performed in seven healthy volunteers with a sleeve/multiple side-hole manometric assembly. triglyceride emulsion and normal saline were infused alternately into the duodenum through the manometric assembly for two 30-minute periods each. naloxone was then administered as an iv bolus, 40 micrograms/kg, followed by an ...	2007	2168331
[some ethical and deontologic problems in surgery].		2007	5054097
[collagen adhesion-aggregation abnormality (2nd report)--congenital platelet membrane glycoprotein vi deficiency].	previously, we reported a case of 26-year-old woman with a mild bleeding tendency whose platelets specifically lacked collagen-induced aggregation and adhesion to collagen fibrils. in this report, we investigated the membrane glycoproteins of this patient's platelets and found that her platelets were absent in a 61-kda glycoprotein, which was identified to be glycoprotein vi (gp vi) of the platelet membrane. her parents platelets contained about 50% the normal amount of gp vi. these results indi ...	2007	2168494
[ktk and tco-s are disappearing--shstf will negotiate alone].		2007	2094087
a new role for radiologists in the development of cardiac surgery.		2007	1950902
effects of order of presentation of exercise intensities and of sauna baths on perceived exertion during treadmill running.	thirteen male subjects performed a running test on the treadmill consisting of four standard exercise intensities [65%, 75%, 85%, 95% maximal o2 uptake (vo2 max)] presented in ascending, descending or random order. at the end of each exercise intensity, o2 consumption, heart rate (fc), venous blood lactate concentration [( ia]b) and perceived exertion were assessed. this last variable was determined according to the borg nonlinear cr-20 scale. the same variables were also determined during exerc ...	2007	2044527
nonsquamous tumors of the head and neck in the geriatric population.	thyroid tumors, salivary gland tumors, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma are described. psychosocial issues involving the geriatric patient are discussed. case reports of a number of geriatric tumor patients are included.	2007	2074986
neuropeptide families: an evolutionary perspective.	changes in the structure and function of five neuropeptide families during evolution are considered. the families of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), corticotropin-releasing factor (crf), growth hormone-releasing hormone (gh-rh), somatostatin (ss), and vasopressin/oxytocin (vp/oxy) are used as models to illustrate the importance of a phylogenetic approach in understanding neuropeptide structure/activity relationships, precursors, processing, gene duplication, novel locations and functions, ...	2007	1974805
o2 uptake in hyperthyroidism during constant work rate and incremental exercise.	to investigate the effect of hyperthyroidism on the pattern and time course of o2 uptake (vo2) following the transition from rest to exercise, six patients and six healthy subjects performed cycle exercise at an average work rate (wr) of 18 and 20 w respectively. cardiorespiratory variables were measured breath-by-breath. the patients also performed a progressively increasing wr test (1-min increments) to the limit of tolerance. two patients repeated the studies when euthyroid. resting and exerc ...	2007	2044536
optimized insulin delivery: achievements and limitations.		2007	2680670
quality assessment/assurance activities in u.s. dental schools.	quality of health care services has become a major social issue. accordingly, activities directed toward the assessment and assurance of quality are receiving increased attention in dentistry and dental education. the purpose of this study was to determine the status of quality assessment/assurance (qa) programs in u.s. dental schools. responses from 48 u.s. schools identify a range of institutional qa activities currently being conducted in dental education. the evaluation and remedial action e ...	2007	1894825