Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| determination of hepatitis e virus seroprevalence by using recombinant fusion proteins and synthetic peptides. | recombinant antigens from hepatitis e virus (hev) open-reading frames 2 and 3 were expressed in escherichia coli as cytidine monophosphate-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid synthetase (cks) fusion proteins, purified, and used to develop an eia for the detection of antibodies. serologic results were compared with those of previous assays by testing 102 samples from an hev outbreak in somalia. this cks/hev eia detected anti-hev in all 97 sera found reactive previously and in an additional 2 samples, ... | 1994 | 8133095 |
| seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus among chinese subjects in taiwan. | recently, with an available serological hepatitis e virus diagnostic kit, the prevalence of igg antibody to hepatitis e virus among chinese subjects in taiwan was evaluated by means of a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay based on two recombinant hepatitis e virus antigens. the overall prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibody was 10.7% among 384 healthy subjects older than 20 yr but only 0.3% among 600 schoolchildren and young adolescents younger than 20 yr (p < 0.0001). serial serum samples ... | 1994 | 8138258 |
| hepatitis viruses: changing patterns of human disease. | viral hepatitis is a disease of antiquity, but evidence for more than one etiologic agent has been recognized only since the 1940s, when two viruses (hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b virus) were thought to account for all disease. in the past 20 years, three additional hepatitis agents (hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus, and hepatitis e virus) have been discovered, and there is evidence for at least one additional virus. each of the five recognized hepatitis viruses belongs to a different vi ... | 1994 | 8146130 |
| hepatitis e virus in indonesia. | 1994 | 8154003 | |
| case report: role of hepatitis e virus in the etiology of community-acquired non-a, non-b hepatitis in greece. | the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a population of greek adults with community-acquired (sporadic) non-a, non-b hepatitis found to be seronegative for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). all patients admitted to the liver unit of western attica general hospital and diagnosed as having acute community-acquired non-a, non-b hepatitis between february, 1986, and may, 1990, were enrolled in follow up studies (n = 66). nineteen patient ... | 1994 | 8158106 |
| etiological role of hepatitis e virus in sporadic fulminant hepatitis. | non-a, non-b hepatitis viruses have been implicated as the etiological agent(s) in up to 60% of patients with fulminant hepatitis. these agents are reported to induce a higher mortality than other causes of fulminant hepatitis. hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) at present constitute the major identifiable non-a, non-b hepatitis agents. of these, hev has been established as the sole cause of epidemic hepatitis in afro-asian countries, and fulminant hepatitis has been recorded du ... | 1994 | 8158108 |
| seroepidemiology of water-borne hepatitis in india and evidence for a third enterically-transmitted hepatitis agent. | many epidemics of water-borne hepatitis have occurred throughout india. these were thought to be epidemics of hepatitis a until 1980, when evidence for an enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis was first reported. subsequently, hepatitis e virus was discovered and most recent epidemics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis have been attributed to hepatitis e virus infection. however, only a limited number of cases have been confirmed by immuno electron microscopy, polymerase ... | 1994 | 8159764 |
| comparative characterization of antigenic epitopes in the immunodominant region of the protein encoded by open reading frame 3 in burmese and mexican strains of hepatitis e virus. | to analyse the effect of strain-specific sequence variation on the antigenic properties of the protein encoded by the open reading frame 3 (orf 3) of hepatitis e virus (hev), two sets of short overlapping peptides spanning amino acids 91 to 123 of this protein from burmese and mexican strains were synthesized and tested with sera obtained from outbreaks of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in three different regions of the world (mexico, turkmenistan and kenya). the data suggest str ... | 1994 | 8126461 |
| enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibody to hepatitis e virus based on synthetic peptides. | five synthetic peptides were prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of open reading frames 2 and 3 encoded in the hepatitis e virus (hev) genome and were used to develop an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of anti-hev activity in sera. three different approaches were employed to ascertain the optimal preparation of these peptides as an immunodiagnostic reagent, including (1) a mixture of unconjugated peptides, (2) conjugating individual peptides to bovine serum albumin (bsa) followe ... | 1994 | 8188817 |
| [hepatitis e]. | 1993 | 8191087 | |
| pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis virus infection in turkeys. | the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis was investigated in 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) turkeys after oral administration of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. the virus antigen was detected and quantified in tissues at various days post-infection (dpi) by an avidin-biotin-enhanced enzyme immunoassay and was located by a monoclonal antibody-based immunoperoxidase (ip) staining technique. in the intestinal tract, low levels of viral antigen were detected from 1 to 3 and 9 to 15 dpi, where ... | 1993 | 8128806 |
| comparative study between molecular hybridization and electron microscopy for the detection of hepatitis e virus. | the study describes a comparison between molecular hybridization using a non-radiolabeled, thymine-thymine (tt) dimerized synthetic oligonucleotide complementary dna probe and electron microscopy for the detection of hepatitis e virus genome in bile. spot hybridization with the tt dimerized probe was found to be more sensitive and specific compared to electron microscopy. | 1993 | 8160056 |
| viral diseases in ethiopia: a review. | ethiopia is endemic for many viral diseases. serosurveys have demonstrated the high prevalence rate of hepatitis b virus. there are also indications of high transmission for hepatitis c, hepatitis e and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the population is exposed to poliomyelitis, hepatitis a, measles, rubella and mumps early in life. rotaviral diarrhoea is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. vast areas of the country are endemic for yellow fever and rabies. the extent of many ... | 1993 | 8187657 |
| progress towards a higher taxonomy of viruses. | the current consensus view is that a higher hierarchical taxonomy of viruses cannot be established for two reasons. firstly, viruses appear to be polyphyletic in origin, with several sets of viruses arising by different, independent routes at different times. secondly, subsequent virus adaptation for survival in different host/vector combinations has involved the selective acquisition of additional genes by a process of cassette or modular evolution, with these additional gene modules coming fro ... | 1993 | 8140287 |
| community acquired viral hepatitis in new zealand: a case of sporadic hepatitis e virus infection. | 1993 | 8141710 | |
| coronavirus immunogens. | coronaviruses (cv) infect a variety of livestock, poultry and companion animals. they belong to at least five antigenic groups. cv cause localized infections of the respiratory and/or intestinal tracts, with the exception of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (hev) which cause systemic infections. the enteropathogenic cv infect the villous enterocytes resulting in villous atrophy leading to malabsorptive diarrhea. several cv (bovine cv-bcv, porcine ... | 1993 | 8116187 |
| [the possible involvement of rodents in the spread of viral hepatitis e]. | the outbreak of hepatitis e among humans in july-october 1989 in the village of dzhigdele (140 km to the northeast of osh) is described. during this outbreak 23 rodents of different species (4 turkestan rats, 15 house mice and 4 wood mice) were caught within a radial distance of 1 km from the village. 5 out of these 23 animals were found to have hepatitis e virus, detected by the method of immuno-electron microscopy, in their blood sera. under experimental conditions 7 noninbred white mice were ... | 1993 | 8067115 |
| hepatitis e virus transmission to a volunteer. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes an enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis. the disease occurs in epidemic settings and sporadically, and viral transmission is thought to be faecal-oral. we present here a single volunteer study of hev transmission followed by disease. clinical and biochemical features of the infection correlated with hev detection in the stools and sera by reverse transcription/polymerase chain amplification. igg antibody has persisted for 2 years. the presence of hev in serum before clin ... | 1993 | 8093748 |
| viraemia in egyptian children with hepatitis e virus infection. | 1993 | 8094150 | |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus by transfusion? | 1993 | 8096021 | |
| hepatitis e in the netherlands: imported and endemic. | 1993 | 8096022 | |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in turkey. | the seroprevalence and risk factors for infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) were analysed in five regions of turkey, where one-third of acute hepatitis cases are non-a, non-b. antibodies to hev (anti-hev) were found in 80 (5.9%) of 1350 subjects. independent predictors of anti-hev were age over 25 years, less than elementary education, antibodies to hepatitis c virus, and residence in the warmest region (adana). whereas none of 105 subjects in the second decade of life were hev seropositive, ... | 1993 | 8099641 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in turkey. | 1993 | 8103902 | |
| elisa for antibody to hepatitis e virus (hev) based on complete open-reading frame-2 protein expressed in insect cells: identification of hev infection in primates. | a recombinant baculovirus containing the complete open-reading frame (orf)-2 region of the hepatitis e virus (hev) genome was constructed. the major protein synthesized in insect cells infected with recombinant virus was about the size expected for the complete orf-2 product. this protein reacted in a western blot assay with plasma from an hev-infected chimpanzee. lysates of the recombinant virus-infected insect cells were used in elisa to monitor seroconversion of eight primate species (chimpan ... | 1993 | 8335973 |
| a case of acute hepatitis e in victoria. | to report a case of acute hepatitis e in victoria, confirmed by laboratory investigations. | 1993 | 8336587 |
| the sequence of hepatitis e virus isolated directly from a single source during an outbreak in china. | in this study an igm antibody-mediated antigen-capture procedure for direct extraction of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna from clinical specimens was developed and used with an efficient method for generating viral cdna that was subsequently sequenced using the dideoxy chain termination method. this is the first time the complete hev genome has been isolated directly from a single human clinical specimen obtained during an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. when the chinese- ... | 1993 | 8346669 |
| experimental hepatitis e: pathogenesis in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). | the pathogenesis of experimental hepatitis e has not been thoroughly investigated. the purpose of this study was to more accurately document the events in this disease. cynomolgus macaques were inoculated intravenously with bile or feces containing hepatitis e virus (hev). serum, bile, and liver specimens were evaluated with light microscopy, immune electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, eia, and polymerase chain reaction. in the third week, there were histopathologic changes and he ... | 1993 | 8354901 |
| serological studies of an enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in somalia. | an outbreak of an acute sporadic viral hepatitis occurring at three villages in the lower shebli region of southern somalia was studied. sera were examined for antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) antigen by a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the prevalence of anti-hev ranged from 77.8% to 94.0% among the three villages. anti-hev prevalence did not differ significantly with age or sex. hev infections were widely distributed among all age groups, without a preponderance in a ... | 1993 | 8355020 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in raw and treated wastewater with the polymerase chain reaction. | the main objective of this study was to determine the applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) in sewage treatment plants and establishment of the prevalence of hepatitis viral diseases in a population. epidemics of hev infection because of inadequate public sanitation have been reported in several developing countries. a procedure for concentration of hev in sewage samples through adsorption to membrane filters, elution with urea-arginine phos ... | 1993 | 8368844 |
| expression and diagnostic utility of hepatitis e virus putative structural proteins expressed in insect cells. | the full-length putative structural proteins encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf2) and orf3 of hepatitis e virus have been cloned and expressed in recombinant baculovirus. sera obtained from 28 sudanese pediatric patients with acute hepatitis and 19 pediatric control patients were analyzed for reactivity to hepatitis e virus by using the baculovirus-expressed orf2 and orf3 proteins in a western blot (immunoblot) format. seventeen of the 18 patients classified as having non-a, non-b hepatitis, w ... | 1993 | 8370746 |
| hepatitis viruses and protection against infection in children. | molecular biology techniques are now a vital part of hepatitis virology, with a central role in studies of diagnosis, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and natural history of infection. cloning of the genome of hepatitis e virus has allowed its tentative classification as a calici- or related virus, and is the first step toward the development of a vaccine. long-term implications of hepatitis c for groups such as children with hemophilia, thalassemia, and even leukemia can be better understo ... | 1993 | 8374624 |
| fulminant or subfulminant non-a, non-b viral hepatitis: the role of hepatitis c and e viruses. | although non-a, non-b (nanb) viral hepatitis has been implicated as an etiology of fulminant hepatitis, hepatitis c virus (hcv) has not been shown to result in acute hepatic failure and hepatitis e virus (hev) has predominantly been associated with fulminant hepatitis among pregnant women. | 1993 | 8381099 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in acute and chronic liver disease in india. | the prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis c virus was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis (14), sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis (42), chronic hepatitis (14) and cirrhosis (26). none of the patients with epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis (14) and acute self-limiting sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis without prior parenteral exposure (38) tested positive for hepatitis c virus antibody. based on epidemiologic features, hepatitis e viru ... | 1993 | 8383158 |
| protection of turkeys against haemorrhagic enteritis by monoclonal antibody and hexon immunization. | virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for the hexon of haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), a turkey adenovirus, were examined for their ability to confer passive protection against haemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys. a high dose of antibody prevented clinical disease and reduced virus replication in experimentally infected birds. this suggests that virus neutralization might be an important mechanism for protection against he. subsequently, the use of the hexon protein as a subun ... | 1993 | 8383383 |
| use of virulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus for the induction of colibacillosis in turkeys. | three hundred fifty 1-day-old large white turkeys were reared in brooding batteries to 10 days of age, after which they were moved to floor pens on litter. at 7 weeks of age, poults were allotted into four treatment groups as follows: 1) virulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) alone (100 turkeys), 2) escherichia coli alone (100 turkeys), 3) hev + e. coli (100 turkeys), and 4) negative controls (50 turkeys). hev was given orally at 7 weeks of age, followed by e. coli challenge in the drinking ... | 1993 | 8383956 |
| the discovery of the hepatitis viruses. | 1993 | 8385046 | |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in an egyptian pediatric population. | a study was conducted to determine the etiology of acute hepatitis among 261 children (age range 1-11 years) living in cairo, egypt. a blood sample was obtained from each subject when initially evaluated and a questionnaire was used to collect demographic and risk factor data. sera were tested by enzyme immunoassay for acute hepatitis a (anti-hepatitis a virus igm), hepatitis b (anti-hepatitis b core antigen igm and hepatitis b surface antigen [hbsag]), hepatitis c (total anti-hcv), delta hepati ... | 1993 | 8385885 |
| hepatitis e and hepatitis c virus infections among french soldiers with non-a, non-b hepatitis. | serologic markers of hcv and hev were investigated in 74 french soldiers with non-a, non-b hepatitis and in 18 patients involved in an outbreak of non-a,non-b hepatitis in algeria. moreover, anti-hcv antibodies were detected in 13 patients with non-a,non-b hepatitis of parenteral origin. hev antibodies were investigated in 61-65% of patients involved in the 2 enterically transmitted outbreaks of non-a,non-b hepatitis observed in algeria and chad. the third cluster of non-a,non-b hepatitis observ ... | 1993 | 8387572 |
| [hepatitis viruses and pregnancy]. | infections with hepatitis virus a, b, c, d or e can also be observed during pregnancy. furthermore, pregnant carriers of hepatitis b virus, occurring at various frequencies in different populations, represent an important source of infection. the course and the outcome of hepatitis a, b, c and d do not seem to be significantly affected by pregnancy. a fulminant hepatitis e, however, which is observed only rarely in europe, can be induced by pregnancy and labor. fetal malformations have not been ... | 1993 | 8392489 |
| development of high endothelial venule-like characteristics in the spiral modiolar vein induced by viral labyrinthitis. | the postcapillary venule is known to be the preferred site of lymphocyte migration into the extravascular compartment. in this study, induction of these high endothelial venule (hev)-like vessels has been investigated by inoculation of live cytomegalovirus or inactivated virus into scala tympani of guinea pig cochleas. endothelial cells of the spiral modiolar vein (smv) were evaluated histologically 2 to 6 days following inoculation. the experimental group endothelial cells had larger nuclei and ... | 1993 | 8395627 |
| evaluation of the interaction of eimeria meleagrimitis with hemorrhagic enteritis virus or marble spleen disease virus in turkeys. | the interaction of eimeria meleagrimitis with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) or marble spleen disease virus (msdv) was studied in 4-week-old female turkeys. birds given either virus in combination with the coccidia showed greater weight gain than did birds given hev alone. a combination of msdv and e. meleagrimitis resulted in significantly lower oocyst production when oocysts were counted from individual birds. levels of serum glucose, serum albumin, and total protein were reduced in birds g ... | 1993 | 8395795 |
| protection against hemorrhagic enteritis and newcastle disease in turkeys by embryo vaccination with monovalent and bivalent vaccines. | the feasibility of embryo vaccination against hemorrhagic enteritis (he) and newcastle disease (nd) in specific-pathogen-free turkey embryos was studied. turkey eggs were injected with marble spleen disease virus (msdv) at embryonation day (ed) 24, and tissues of poults hatching from virus-injected eggs were examined for msdv. the virus was detected in spleen, intestine, liver, and bursa between 4 to 10 days postinoculation (pi). the peak titer of msdv was present in the spleen at 6 days pi. pou ... | 1993 | 8395802 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in pregnancy in ethiopia. | thirty-two pregnant and 34 nonpregnant ethiopian women between 15 and 45 years of age with sporadic acute viral hepatitis were studied consecutively. demographic data including family size, monthly income and nutritional status as well as hepatitis virus markers were compared in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups. only 3 nonpregnant women had hepatitis a infection. hepatitis b infection was diagnosed in 4 pregnant and 9 nonpregnant women. nineteen (59%) pregnant women had hepatitis e virus (hev ... | 1993 | 8404882 |
| hepatitis e among u.s. travelers, 1989-1992. | outbreaks of hepatitis e (i.e., enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis) have occurred in some parts of the world and have generally been related to contaminated water supplies. until recently, when research-based serologic tests (1,2) were developed to test for antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev), no serologic test was available to identify hev infection, and diagnosis depended on a history of exposure in an appropriate epidemiologic setting and the exclusion of other causes of vira ... | 1993 | 8418395 |
| localization of a new enteric non-a, non-b [hev] virus in target organ liver. | thirteen macaca mulatta monkeys were used for transmission of enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis virus (hev) by the portal vein (pv) route. all these animals developed changes which are found in self-limiting acute viral hepatitis e.g. rise in liver enzymes, the presence of hev specific viral particles in the stool and histological changes in the liver from 21 to 45 days after hev inoculation. all the animals recovered completely as reflected by normalization of liver enzymes, and regenerative chang ... | 1993 | 8440423 |
| [hepatitis c; a new virus for an old disease]. | 1993 | 8446216 | |
| [cloning and sequencing of cdna of the hepatitis e virus genome--application to diagnosis]. | hepatitis e is endemic, often provoking epidemics in many developing countries. the hepatitis e virus has been molecularly cloned and sequenced and has a single-stranded, positive-sense rna genome, 7,194 nucleotides, followed by a poly(a) tail. there are three open reading frames. the non-structural gene, approximately 5 kb, is located at the 5' end, while the structural gene, approximately 2 kb, is located at the 3' end of the genome. there is low level nucleotide variation among hepatitis e vi ... | 1993 | 8464151 |
| sequence and gene structure of the hepatitis e virus isolated from myanmar. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. hepatitis e occurs not only in sporadic forms but also in epidemic outbreaks in the developing world. we have revealed the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of full cdna of hev isolated from sporadic hepatitis e of myanmar. the genome is 7194 nucleotides long, followed by a poly(a) tail, and has three open reading frames. the nonstructural gene is located in the 5' terminus, while the stru ... | 1993 | 8470371 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in pregnant rhesus monkeys. | ten non-pregnant female monkeys and four pregnant monkeys (all macaca mulatta) in the last third of their gestation period were infected intravenously with the stool sample of a patient with hepatitis e virus infection (immuno-electronmicroscopy positive for hepatitis e virus). four more non-pregnant monkeys were inoculated with a lower dose (less number of virus particles by iem) of a stool sample collected on a different day from the same patient. the average incubation period as evidenced by ... | 1993 | 8486409 |
| hepatitis e. | 1993 | 8491455 | |
| variation in course of hepatitis e in experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. | five cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) developed hepatitis after inoculation with a prototype strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) from pakistan. although all 5 monkeys displayed liver enzyme elevations, viremia, virus secretion in feces, and seroconversion, two different patterns of these parameters were observed. for 4 monkeys, increased alanine aminotransferase (alt) activity was first observed on days 21-26, viremia occurred before and during enzyme elevation, and the animals seroconvert ... | 1993 | 8501318 |
| prevention of acute and chronic liver disease through immunization: hepatitis b and beyond. | liver disease caused by hepatotrophic viruses imposes a substantial burden on health care resources. persistent infections from hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus, and hepatitis delta virus result in chronic liver disease, while hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus produce a self-limited disease. effective hepatitis b vaccines that provide long-term protection against chronic hbv infection have been available for > 10 years, while inactivated hepatitis a vaccines have recently been sh ... | 1993 | 8515136 |
| the route of transmission of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) 67n strain in 4-week-old rats. | four-week-old wistar rats were inoculated with hev by different routes. animals died of encephalitis after intraperitoneal (i.p.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and intravenous (i.v.) as well as intracerebral (i.c.) and intranasal (i.n.) inoculation. however when inoculated subcutaneously, rats died a few days earlier than those inoculated i.p. and i.v., suggesting that the virus might be transmitted to the central nervous system (cns) by the neuronal route rather than by blood stream. rats which were ino ... | 1993 | 8209750 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis c and e viruses. | the molecular features of each of the major viruses of non-a, non-b hepatitis, namely hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are briefly described. the organization of the genome of each of these viruses is discussed and compared to those of other related or distantly related viruses that contain single-stranded, positive-sense rna genomes. hcv has been tentatively classified as a separate genus within the flaviviridae, whereas hev has been loosely associated with caliciviruses and ... | 1993 | 8219795 |
| molecular organization and replication of hepatitis e virus (hev). | the recently characterized fecal-orally transmitted agent of hepatitis e (formerly known as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis) has been determined to be a new type of positive strand rna virus. the complete sequencing of four different geographic isolates of the hepatitis e virus (hev) has confirmed a similar genetic organization not previously recognized in nonenveloped positive strand rna viruses. the approximately 7.5 kb rna genome (including polya tail) has nonstructural genes l ... | 1993 | 8219799 |
| detection of iga class antibody to hepatitis e virus in serum samples from patients with hepatitis e virus infection. | a newly developed assay for iga class antibody to hepatitis e virus (iga anti-hev) was used to study 145 serum samples collected during an outbreak of an enterically transmitted hepatitis that occurred in 3 villages in the lower shebeli region of southern somalia between january, 1988 and november, 1989. a total of 52.4% of the afflicted patients were found positive for iga anti-hev, and 73.1% of these were also positive for igm. both antibodies disappeared during the convalescence period. simil ... | 1993 | 8228927 |
| preliminary evidence that a trpe-hev fusion protein protects cynomolgus macaques against challenge with wild-type hepatitis e virus (hev). | immunization of two cynomolgus macaques (cynos) with trpe-c2 protein, a trpe-hev fusion protein that represents the carboxyl two thirds of the putative capsid protein, prevented development of biochemical evidence of viral hepatitis in these primates after challenge by wild-type hev from either a burmese or mexican stool isolate. neither of the immunized animals showed any elevation of alanine aminotransferase activity after challenge with wild-type hev in marked contrast with the unimmunized (c ... | 1993 | 8228944 |
| chronic hepatitis in a large indian hospital. | in developed countries as well as in southeast asia, the hepatitis b and c viruses are the main causes of chronic hepatitis. in india, however, there have been no major investigations on the aetiology of chronic hepatitis. (the hepatitis e virus which is responsible for half the sporadic and most of the epidemic cases of acute viral hepatitis in india does not cause chronic disease.) we, therefore, studied the profile of chronic hepatitis in india. | 1993 | 8241932 |
| an epidemic outbreak of hepatitis e in yangon of myanmar: antibody assay and animal transmission of the virus. | an epidemic outbreak of hepatitis e occurred in an army recruit camp of yangon, myanmar, in october 1989. one hundred and eleven patients among 600 residents were hospitalized. as high as 83.7% of these patients were positive for the acute phase antibody against hepatitis e virus by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed in our laboratory. also, 30.6% of 49 symptom-free residents examined were positive for the antibody. we prepared a stool extract from six patients and inoculated it into ... | 1993 | 8257479 |
| partial sequence comparison of eight new chinese strains of hepatitis e virus suggests the genome sequence is relatively stable. | partial genomic sequences representing 420 nucleotides of a nonstructional region, 480 nucleotides of the putative rna polymerase region, and 540 nucleotides of the structural region of epidemic-associated chinese strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) were obtained by direct sequencing of pcr-amplified dna. comparison with previously published hev sequences showed a clear relatedness of all chinese strains to each other and to a pakistani strain (sar-55). all eight chinese strains examined had very ... | 1993 | 8263504 |
| [a preliminary report on the prevalence of different types of hepatitis in adult patients with acute sporadic hepatitis in beijing area]. | in order to investigate the prevalence of different types of viral hepatitis in beijing area, the markers of viral hepatitis a, b, c and e were detected on 72 adult patients with acute viral hepatitis in the infectious diseases department of our hospital. the results showed that 26.4% of the cases had hav infection, 8.3% hbv infection, 18.1% hcv infection and 31.9% hev infection. it is shown that the prevalence of hev infection in beijing area is high. | 1993 | 8269760 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev): molecular biology and emerging epidemiology. | the etiologic agent of what was formerly known as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis has been identified as a previously unrecognized 27 to 34 nm nonenveloped virus designated as hev. the full-length sequencing of four geographic isolates has demonstrated hev to be a positive-sense, polyadenylated rna virus expressed in three different orfs. the identification and localization of (1) sequence motifs characteristic of viral nonstructural genes, (2) signal peptides and basic sequences ... | 1993 | 8272511 |
| [viral markers of acute hepatitis: a, b, c, d, and e in dakar. october 92 - october 93]. | inside of 95 patients presented in hospital with presumed hepatitis: 77 were recruted with liver cytolysis (amino-transferases at > 80 ui/ml) and included in this study. study of serologic viral markers (a, b, c, d and e type) permited to prove viral acute hepatitis infection and 49 patients were recruted inside the 77 cytolytic cases. inside these 49 cases: 44% presented enteritic contamination with hav/hev markers, 36% with hbv markers: hbs/hbc, 6% with hbs/hbe markers, 10% with hdv marker, 4% ... | 1993 | 7758379 |
| [water and viral hepatitis]. | the main agents responsible for acute viral hepatitis throughout the world are the hepatitis a virus (hav) and the hepatitis e virus (hev). both are transmitted by fecal-oral route and can provoke large epidemics, hav in developed countries and hev in developing countries. water is a major vehicle of spread. however, two different epidemiological patterns have to be distinguished: level of hav excretion is short but high. because of its resistance to physical and chemical agents, hav remains inf ... | 1993 | 7819806 |
| rhesus monkeys infected with hepatitis e virus (hev) from the former ussr are immune to subsequent challenge with an indian strain of hev. | two rhesus monkeys (m. mullata) of approximately two years of age were inoculated intravenously with a 10% suspension of hepatitis e virus (hev) positive stool from kirghistan as evidenced by immuno-electron microscopy. evidence of hev infection was demonstrated by rise in serum alanine transaminase (alt) levels and seroconversion of these monkeys to anti-hev after 1-1/2 months post-inoculation as evidenced by immunoblot. one year after the primary inoculation, these monkeys were challenged with ... | 1993 | 8010189 |
| [the epidemiological diagnosis of "fecal-oral" hepatitis e in tajikistan]. | on the basis of the results of the retrospective epidemiological analysis of hepatitis a morbidity for many years in the leninabad (now hojend) region of tajikistan the possibility of the epidemiological diagnosis of fecal-oral hepatitis non a, non b, also known as hepatitis e, was confirmed. analysis of the specific features of a sharp morbidity rise in hepatitis a in this region in 1986-1987 made it possible to establish that this rise was caused by hepatitis e. this was testified by the explo ... | 1993 | 8059575 |
| the hepatitis e virus. | 1993 | 8043469 | |
| epitope mapping in proteins of hepatitis e virus. | a series of synthetic peptides derived from proteins encoded by open reading frames 2 and 3 (orf2 and orf3) of the hepatitis e virus was used in an enzyme immunoassay to determine the localization of epitopes in these proteins. five peptides spanning almost the entire orf3 protein sequence and 12 peptides from the orf2 protein were synthesized. serum samples collected from outbreaks in three different regions of the world (turkmenistan, kenya, and mexico) were analyzed by a peptide-based enzyme ... | 1993 | 7683162 |
| mapping of linear b cell epitopes on open reading frames 2- and 3-encoded proteins of hepatitis e virus using synthetic peptides. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of non-a, non-b hepatitis which is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and occurs principally in the form of large epidemics and outbreaks in developing countries. two overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to overlapping dna sequences of the orf 3 of hev genome were found to be immunoreactive with sera from patients involved in two epidemics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. the results suggested the existence of two distinct ... | 1993 | 7687968 |
| the hepatitis e virus. | 1993 | 9702257 | |
| molecular biology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. | five viruses are the major causes of hepatitis. these viruses are totally unrelated to each other in structure and mode of replication despite the similarity in the acute syndrome produced by each virus. hav is a single-stranded rna virus that has a very stable capsid and whose proteins are derived from a single polyprotein. hbv is a dna virus that replicates through an rna intermediate. hcv is a labile single-stranded rna virus whose proteins are derived from a polyprotein. hdv is a defective r ... | 1993 | 8275664 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in europe: regional situation regarding laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was first identified in the excreta of an experimentally infected human volunteer and further confirmed by similar findings in clinical specimens from patients with acute jaundice disease different from hepatitis a and b. the hev is a 27- to 34-nm spherical non-enveloped virus obviously represented by a single serotype; however, its final taxonomic definition remains to be established. studies on molecular biology of this virus revealed some peculiar characteristics showi ... | 1993 | 15566712 |
| haemorrhagic enteritis virus infection in turkeys: a comparison of virulent and avirulent virus infections, and a proposed pathogenesis. | five-week-old specific-pathogen-free turkey poults were inoculated orally with either virulent or avirulent haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) and killed sequentially from 3 h to 10 days post-inoculation. tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy, and immunoperoxidase staining. lesions produced were similar for both types of virus. the earliest signs of infection were seen in the spleen with proliferation of the white pulp surrounding the ellipsoids on day 3 post-inoculation. intran ... | 1993 | 18670996 |
| expression of a hepatitis e virus (hev)-trpe fusion protein containing epitopes recognized by antibodies in sera from human cases and experimentally infected primates. | a 1700 base cdna fragment coding for the putative structural gene(s) of hepatitis e virus (hev) was inserted into the path 10 expression vector. the fusion protein (c2) expressed by this plasmid was found to contain epitopes recognized by anti-hev antibodies. c2 protein was used in a western blot format to examine its usefulness in detecting anti-hev antibodies in well documented human cases of hev and non-human primates infected with hev. both igm and igg anti-hev could be detected in our weste ... | 1992 | 1373282 |
| human linear b-cell epitopes encoded by the hepatitis e virus include determinants in the rna-dependent rna polymerase. | hepatitis e virus is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries. the nonenveloped virus is 27-34 nm in diameter and has been shown to contain a single-strand, positive-sense, polyadenylylated rna genome of approximately 7.5 kilobases. the nucleotide sequence of the burma strain of hepatitis e virus has been reported and three open reading frames (orfs) have been identified. the deduced amino acid sequence from each of these orfs was used to synthesize overlappin ... | 1992 | 1373890 |
| [hepatitis serology: use and interpretation]. | presently five viruses causing hepatitis are known, the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). the genomic structure is known of most of all these viruses as well as some of their structural and regulatory gene products. using radio- and enzyme immunoassays viral antigens can be detected for hbv and hdv as well as specific antibodies against all the five viruses. the results of these tests are the basis for the diagnosis and the follow-up of these infections but differ ... | 1992 | 1377839 |
| further characterization of the interaction between l-selectin and its endothelial ligands. | l-selectin is a lectin-like receptor on lymphocytes which mediates their attachment to high endothelial venules (hev) within lymph nodes. previous work has identified hev-associated endothelial ligands for l-selectin as sialylated, fucosylated and sulphated glycoproteins of approximately 50 kda and approximately 90 kda (sgp50 and sgp90). the interaction of l-selectin with these ligands is carbohydrate directed, reflecting the involvement of its amino-terminal, calcium-type lectin domain. it has ... | 1992 | 1384820 |
| viral hepatitis in the 1990s, part iii: hepatitis c, hepatitis e, and other viruses. | acute hepatitis can be caused by a number of viruses, especially a, b, c, e, delta, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. hepatitis a and b have been discussed previously in this series. the virus responsible for most cases of what commonly has been referred to as non-a non-b hepatitis has been tracked, and antibodies to certain proteins of this virus have been identified. this virus is now referred to as hepatitis c. the possible clinical outcomes after acute hepatitis c virus infection are ... | 1992 | 1385012 |
| sequence comparison of the capsid region of hepatitis e viruses isolated from myanmar and china. | hepatitis e viruses (hevs) were isolated during epidemics, one from myanmar (formerly called burma) and one from china and were partially sequenced. another hev myanmar strain from sporadic hepatitis was previously sequenced by us. a cdna sequence comparison was performed among them in the 3'-terminal region, approximately 750-base long. this region contained at least two immunological epitopes and was considered to correspond to the structural protein. the nucleotide sequence identity was 97.2% ... | 1992 | 1387921 |
| enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis: epidemics, animal transmission, and hepatitis e virus detection by the polymerase chain reaction. | we studied epidemics of viral hepatitis occurring at three different places in india. one was a combined epidemic due to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections. in this epidemic, hav affected children below 10 years of age, whereas hev infected the young adult population. hev was transmitted to rhesus monkeys (macaca mulata) and confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on bile from the animals. fecal material from acutely infected patients in one of the epidemics ... | 1992 | 1402825 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in children living in cairo, egypt. | seventy-three pediatric patients with acute hepatitis and 19 control patients without liver disease living in cairo, egypt, were evaluated with a newly developed western blot assay for igm antibody to hepatitis e virus (igm anti-hev). the mean age of acute hepatitis patients was 6.4 years (range, 1-13 years); 56% were male. among the 73 acute cases, hepatitis a was diagnosed in 30 (41%), possible acute hepatitis b in three (4%), hepatitis e in nine (12%), and by exclusion, non-a, non-b hepatitis ... | 1992 | 1402826 |
| hepatitis e: review. | hepatitis e is endemic, often provoking epidemics in many developing countries. it resembles hepatitis a clinically and epidemiologically but show a higher mortality rate and less infectiousness. several lines of evidence strongly support the assumption that humans become immunized once they contract hepatitis e. because of the low infectiousness, most of the adult population of endemic areas are susceptible to hepatitis e until an epidemic occurs, although they are almost always infected with h ... | 1992 | 1426862 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis e in the netherlands]. | at serological testing of 269 blood samples from patients sent in for hepatitis diagnostics and of 275 randomly selected samples from blood donors from all over the netherlands, eight and five samples, respectively, were found to contain a positive antibody titre against hepatitis e virus (hev). follow-up samples could be obtained from three patients: in one patient the anti-hev igg titre remained unchanged over a period of 6 months, in one other the titre fell below the limit of detection and i ... | 1992 | 1436187 |
| [hepatitis e now also in the netherlands]. | a case report of a male aged 31 who, after a journey to bangladesh, returned with a disease resembling acute hepatitis a. closer study revealed a hepatitis e infection. he recovered in slightly over two weeks. | 1992 | 1436190 |
| new strategies for isolation of low abundance viral and host cdnas: application to cloning of the hepatitis e virus and analysis of tissue-specific transcription. | the ability to clone viruses molecularly has led to dramatic advances in our understanding of this diverse group of agents at the molecular level. these insights are critical to the development of experimental strategies for the containment and control of the various viral pathogens that cause hepatitis in man. knowledge of the genes and gene products have, for example, assisted in the design of expression systems that have been useful for the cell-free expression and production of viral constit ... | 1992 | 1439880 |
| frequent sporadic hepatitis e in west africa evidenced by characterization of a virus-associated antigen in the stool. | 1992 | 1447511 | |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of the mexico isolate of hepatitis e virus (hev). | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major causative agent of hepatitis e or what was formerly known as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. the disease has a worldwide distribution but occurs principally in developing countries in any of three forms: large epidemics, smaller outbreaks, or sporadic infections. genetic variation of different hev strains was previously noted and it will be important to determine the extent to which this variation may pose problems in the diagnosis and treatme ... | 1992 | 1448913 |
| hepatitis e virus in cultivated cells. | 1992 | 1456898 | |
| [hepatitis e in hetian city. analysis of 562 cases]. | between august and september 1987, 562 patients were hospitalized with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. the male to female ratio was 1.4:1, and 75% of the patients was of 15-40 years of age. jaundice developed in 87%. the overall case-fatality rate was 1.4%, but it was highest among pregnant women (5.2%) and newborn infants (24.2%). in general, the disease was self-limited with no evidence of chronic infection. liver biopsies obtained during the acute illness showed portal inflammation and cytoplas ... | 1992 | 1478123 |
| viral hepatitis, a though e, complicating pregnancy. | jaundice during pregnancy may be the result either of disease uniquely associated with the pregnant state or disease totally unrelated to the pregnancy. in the united states, the most common cause of jaundice in pregnant women is viral hepatitis. with the exception of hepatitis e virus infection, the clinical course and histologic findings do not differ between pregnant and nonpregnant patients. | 1992 | 1478741 |
| nosography and immunopathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | five viruses are responsible for the vast majority of cases of viral related hepatitis. they have been named hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), hepatitis e virus (hev). the more recent literature concerning the viral structure, the epidemiology, the serological identification, the clinical course and the prevention of each type of hepatitis is reviewed. hbv is not directly cytopathic. hepatitis is a consequence of the destruction o ... | 1992 | 1501725 |
| hepatitis e: does person-to-person spread occur? | 1992 | 1506044 | |
| computer-assisted assignment of functional domains in the nonstructural polyprotein of hepatitis e virus: delineation of an additional group of positive-strand rna plant and animal viruses. | computer-assisted comparison of the nonstructural polyprotein of hepatitis e virus (hev) with proteins of other positive-strand rna viruses allowed the identification of the following putative functional domains: (i) rna-dependent rna polymerase, (ii) rna helicase, (iii) methyltransferase, (iv) a domain of unknown function ("x" domain) flanking the papain-like protease domains in the polyproteins of animal positive-strand rna viruses, and (v) papain-like cysteine protease domain distantly relate ... | 1992 | 1518855 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of a feline calicivirus. | we have determined the complete sequence of a feline calicivirus. the virus genome is 7690 bases long and contains two large open reading frames. proteins specified by these have similarity to those encoded in the corresponding regions of a candidate calicivirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, but are distinctly different from those specified by another such virus, hepatitis e virus. a third, small open reading frame at the 3' end of the genome is present in both feline and rabbit viruses but ... | 1992 | 1529544 |
| indian hepatitis e virus shows a major deletion in the small open reading frame. | enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus (hev), the causative agent for sporadic and large epidemic outbreaks in developing countries, contains a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome. the genome of the virus encodes three open reading frames (orf1, orf2, and orf3). the gene segment corresponding to the small open reading frame (orf3), overlapping between orf1 and orf2, was synthesized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from a number of previously identif ... | 1992 | 1534953 |
| infection of owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus) and cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) with hepatitis e virus from mexico. | owl and cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with hepatitis e virus (hev) to compare disease models and produce antibody and virus. by immune electron microscopy (iem), all six owl monkeys were shown to have serologic responses manifested by unusually high levels of anti-hev at 6 months, but only three developed hepatitis. virus-related antigen in liver (hev ag) was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy of biopsies from two of four owl monkeys; one with hev ag also had hev in acute-phase bile ... | 1992 | 1569334 |
| acute sporadic viral hepatitis in ethiopia: causes, risk factors, and effects on pregnancy. | one hundred and ten consecutive cases of acute sporadic hepatitis among ethiopian patients were studied to define viral causes, identify risk factors, and analyze demographic and clinical data. igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus were found in nine patients (8%), and hepatitis b surface antigen and igm antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen were found in 22 (20%); these findings were considered evidence of acute hepatitis a and hepatitis b, respectively. sera from the remaining 79 patients were ... | 1992 | 1576296 |
| serologic identification of hepatitis e virus infections in epidemic and endemic settings. | recombinant chimeric protein c2 containing the n-terminal region of trpe (37 kilodaltons [kda]) and the c-terminal half (46.8 kda) of the polypeptide encoded by orf2 of the hepatitis e virus (hev) genome was used for the construction of a western blot diagnostic test for igg and igm antibodies to the virus (anti-hev). (the c2 protein and the trpe protein devoid of c2 activity and used as a control for non-specific reactions were purified by recovery from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ... | 1992 | 1578218 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in sudanese children: analysis based on a new western blot assay. | a newly developed western blot assay for antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) was used to evaluate 39 cases of acute pediatric hepatitis and 39 control patients in khartoum, sudan. the mean age of cases was 6.5 years (range, 2-14); 64% were male. acute hepatitis a (igm anti-hav-positive) was diagnosed in 13 cases, acute hepatitis b (igm anti-hbc-positive) in 1, and acute hepatitis e (positive for igm anti-hev) in 23 (59%). none of the cases with igm anti-hav or igm anti-hbc had igm anti-hev; ... | 1992 | 1583317 |
| association of hepatitis e virus with an outbreak of hepatitis in pakistan: serologic responses and pattern of virus excretion. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a positive-strand rna agent, has been associated with enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in asia, africa, and mexico. to evaluate the role of hev in an outbreak of hepatitis in pakistan, we used immune electron microscopy to detect 1) antibody to hev, for evidence of infection, and 2) virus, to determine the pattern of hev excretion. paired sera from 2 patients were assayed for antibody by using reference hev: one seroconverted, an atypical finding for hev in ... | 1992 | 1583470 |