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[interaction between foot-and-mouth disease virus and the cells of different chronically infected animals]. 1979228472
isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus messenger rna from membrane-bound polyribosomes and characterization of its 5' and 3' termini. 1979228483
the relation of poly(a) length to specific infectivity of viral rna: a comparison of different types of foot-and-mouth disease virus. 1979228485
a blastogenic test for foot-and-mouth disease.a blastogenic test to detect peripheral blood leukocytes specifically sensitized to foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen is described. the test is carried out in microtitre plates and optimum conditions were found by titration. these employed 7.5 x 10(5) cells/well and 20 complement fixing units of antigen. peak [3h]thymidine incorporation was found to take place at 2-3 days.1979229161
application of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to the detection and identification of foot-and-mouth disease viruses.an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was applied to the detection and identification of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus types. the test proved successful for the specific detection of virus from infected tissue culture, and from epithelial tissues from bovines suspected of having fmd. the elisa compared favourably with the complement fixation (cf) test, being more sensitive and unaffected by anticomplementary factors.1979229162
viral interference phenomena induced by foot-and-mouth disease temperature-sensitive mutants in bovine kidney cells.cultures of bovine kidney (bk) cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were incubated at 38.5 degrees c, a temperature nonpermissive for mutant virus growth and rna synthesis. the cells were subsequently resistant to viral growth and rna synthesis when superinfected with wild-type fmdv and with heterologous fowl plague virus. the extent of interference was proportional to the multiplicity of infection of the ts mutant. it increased with time ...1979229787
inhibition of foot and mouth disease virus and procapsid synthesis by zinc ions. brief report.zinc ions inhibit virus production and viral rna synthesis in fmdv infected-bhk 21 cells. the degree of inhibition depends upon the zinc concentration and the time of addition of the drug. a differential inhibition on virus and procapsids synthesis was observed.1979229792
a new method for the isolation of undegraded fmdv-specific rna from infected bhk cells.fractionation of foot-and-mouth disease virus infected cells by currently described procedures, leads to the appearance of variable amounts of heterogeneous single-stranded rna fragments. a new method based upon the fractionation of cultured cells at extremely low temperatures has been developed to minimize the degradation of the viral rnas by cellular nucleases. it was shown that the viral rnas obtained by this procedure were almost non-degraded, and similar to those found in other picornavirus ...1979229806
the challenge of vaccinated pigs with foot-and-mouth disease virus. 1979231356
foot-and-mouth disease virus immunogenic capsid protein vpt: n-terminal sequences and immunogenic peptides obtained by cnbr and tryptic cleavages.the immunogenic capsid protein (vpt), circa 30 kiladaltons (kd), of foot-and-mouth disease virus was examined for (i) its ability to induce neutralizing antibody in guinea pigs after chemical modifications and cnbr or tryptic cleavages and (ii) n-terminal amino sequence homology across three virus types. the immunogenicity of vpt was inactivated by glutaraldehyde treatment, carboxymethylation and maleylation or citraconylation. however, de-citraconylation restored part of the lost activity. clea ...1979231585
the nucleotide sequence at the 5' end of foot and mouth disease virus rna.foot and mouth disease virus rna has been treated with rnase h in the presence of oligo (dg) specifically to digest the poly(c) tract which lies near the 5' end of the molecule (10). the short (s) fragment containing the 5' end of the rna was separated from the remainder of the rna (l fragment) by gel electrophoresis. rna ligase mediated labelling of the 3' end of s fragment showed that the rnase h digestion gave rise to molecules that differed only in the number of cytidylic acid residues remai ...1979231762
[protective effect in the serum of rabbits inoculated with bhk-21 cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus].the present investigation was developed to determine the presence of protecting effects in the serum of rabbits inoculated with bhk 21 cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus, subtype c2. the rabbits received 252 mg. of antigens harvested 60, 65, 75, 90, 120 and 210 minutes post infection. these antigens were inactivated with two procedure: formaldehyde 0.015% and beta-propiolactone 0.2% and were inyected with incomplete freund's adjuvant; the last inoculations were given with live anti ...1979231797
[subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a. genetic markers of clones obtained from 4 strains isolated in argentina between 1961 and 1970].the results obtained studying the genetic markers g, t and rtc of different clones of subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a are presented in this paper. the subtypes were isolated during outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in argentine. no significative differences among the subtypes were observed with the t marker. for the other markers, the results seem to indicate a gradual change related with the serological variation. because of their sensibility to guanidine hidrochloride, it is ...1979231800
factorial experimental design applied to the immunological study of two foot-and-mouth disease virus subtypes. 2. theoretical study of experimental models.a certain number of theoretical models of immunological relations that 2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses can support, were constructed so as to discuss in each case, the results of the factorial analysis of the data. this method provided a specific answer to each of the questions that were asked in the presence of a test of this kind. the results obtained with several immunological cross-tests comparable to that of the a greece 69-a allier viruses, illustrated most of the theoretical models.1979231920
factorial experimental design applied to the immunological study of two foot-and-mouth disease virus subtypes. 1. a greece 1969 -- a allier example.a double immunological cross-test, carried out with the index k method, is subjected to a statistical analysis by a factorial experiment. the a greece and a allier viruses, which have been taken as an example of the calculations procedure, seem to be in 2 immunologically different subtypes.1979231923
purification and identification of the rna-dependent rna polymerase of foot-and-mouth disease virus.the rna-dependent rna polymerase induced in bhk 21 cells by infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus has been isolated from the replication complex. it contains a major, virus-coded protein with mol. wt. 56 000 which appears from serological studies and tryptic peptide mapping to be the same as the virus infection associated (via) antigen and the protein p56 found in cells infected with the virus. other virus coded proteins and a host cell protein were present in the partially purified replic ...1979232134
serological comparison of a type sat 2 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolate from sudan with other type sat 2 strains. 1979232850
[treatment of swine cell line with antibiotics: effect on growth kinetics and susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus and to mycoplasma-like organisms].cell cultures treated with tylosin tartrate and kanamycin sulphate antibiotics were studied in relation to the cell growth rate, the susceptibility to the foot-and-mouth disease virus and to the microorganism eradication. these treatments did not affect the cell growth rate and the cell behavior to the viral infection. on the other hand, the decontamination of the intracytoplasmatic formas of mycoplasma-like organism was not observed.1979233199
[isolation of bovine cell lines and susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus].morphology and chromosomes of cell sublines derived from two new bovine kidney lines are reported. cell susceptibility to the foot-and-mouth disease virus is discussed. one of the sublines showed epithelial-like cells, while the remainder, elonged fibroblastic-like cells. most of them had a diploid number of chromosomes. from these sublines only one was sensible to the foot-and-mouth disease virus.1979233200
[foot-and-mouth disease in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis, linnaeus, 1758): search of antiantigen antibodies and isolation of the virus].the immune response to virus-infection-associated (via) antigen was studied in 379 indian buffalos (bubalus bubalis). these animals were vaccinated three times a year with commercial acetylethyleneimine (aei)--inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines under field conditions. two months after the last vaccination, antibody against virus-infection-associated (via) antigen was found in 23 per cent. foot-and-mouth disease virus -- (fmdv) type c "waldmann" was isolated from oesophageal/pharyngeal f ...1979233417
[effect of the contrast conditions using solutions of phosphotungstic acid on the electron microscopic image of the foot-and-mouth disease virus].a method of negative staining of foot-and-mouth disease virus preparations permits to obtain separately positive (2% phosphotungstic acid solution, ph 3.0) and negative (2% pta solution, ph 6.8 +/- 8.0) stainings. when a 3--4% pta solution, ph 6.8 +/- 8.0 is used, simultaneous positive and negative staining of each virion is possible which characterizes the functional heterogeneity of the virion protein membrane in interaction with pta anions.197992099
resolution of block neutralization test curves into components of the foot-and-mouth disease virus system.classic neutralization studies by fazekas de st. groth and webster (8) on mixtures of influenza viruses and mixtures of rabbit antisera are reinterpreted in terms of a percentage contaminant in the stock used for the dilution series. a very small amount of a different virus changes the shape of quantal assay curves considerably, but even a large amount of a different antiserum has negligible effect on the shape and merely shifts the curve along the serum dilution axis. these conclusions are the ...197992300
antibody response against foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv). part ii: responses measured in fractionated sera of infected steers with complete virus, trypsin treated virus, 12 s virus subunits, via and heterologous virus. 197993833
comparative biochemical and serological analysis of five isolates of a single serotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus.a comparison has been made of some of the biochemical and serological characteristics of five isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), serotype a. three of the viruses have been assigned to the same subtype, a22; the other two belong to different subtypes, a5 and a24. rna competition hybridization and two-dimensional electrophoresis of the oligonucleotides produced by ribonuclease t1 showed that the three a22 viruses formed a group which could be distinguished from the a5 and a24 viruses ...197994348
comparison of the antibodies elicited by the individual structural polypeptides of foot-and mouth disease and polio viruses.antibody produced against preparations of vp1, one of the four structural polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus, neutralized the virus and reacted with both full and empty particles in radioimmunoassays (ria). antiserum against vp2 reacted with artificial empty particles of the virus but not with full particles. in contrast, none of the individual polypeptides of poliovirus produced antisera which neutralized the virus nor reacted with it in ria. however, antisera produced with vp1 and vp ...197994352
[effect of the ph of the medium on the morphology of bp cell cultures and their sensitivity to the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. 197934920
structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid. 197938568
immune response to virus-infection-associated (via) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated by formalin or acetylethyleneimine.the results of experiments to investigate antibody to 'virus infection associated' (via) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with formalin- or acetylethyleneimine- (aei) inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccines under laboratory conditions are reported. results are also presented from some vaccinated animals subsequently exposed to fmd infection. antibody against via was not detected before and after the first vaccination with formalin or aei-inactivated vaccine but did develop in al ...1979216744
[formation of immunity in sheep inoculated with varying doses of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 0194]. 1979217141
colour determination of beef juices as an indicator of beef cooking temperatures.dominant wavelengths and other colour parameters of beef juices were investigated as predictors of maximum internal temperatures attained during beef cooking since beef imported by the usa from south american countries has to be cooked to a temperature compatible with the inactivation of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. although the correlation between these parameters was highly significant, the prediction error was high and similar in magnitude to that obtained with other methods. however, ac ...197922055351
persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in dried casein 1.dried casein produced from pasteurized milk of dairy cows infected with foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus retained infectivity for cattle in one of seven tests for 42 days of storage at 25 c. thus, infections fmd virus can persist after pasteurization of the milk at 72 c for 15 sec., acid precipitation and washing of casein, followed by drying of the casein in a hot air flow and conversion to sodium caseinate.197830795079
the n-terminal sequence of three coat proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus. 1978217392
[micromethod of determining the complement-binding properties of commercial series of the foot-and-mouth disease virus].investigations were carried out to establish the possibility of using a micromethod of the complement-fixation test to determine the complement-fixing properties of productional series of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. it was found that the micromethod referred to is an economically profitable and practically simple one. it is readily applicable requiring no particular apparatuses and equipment, is specific, and can successfully be used instead of the routinely employed cft method. the microm ...1978218334
inactivated-concentrated virus antigen for indirect complement fixation test of foot-and-mouth disease.to the culture fluids of bhk-21 cells infected with each of types o, a, and asia 1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus was added acetylethyleneimine to 0.05% (v/v). the mixtures were incubated at 37 degrees c for 24 hours. to them were then added polyethylene glycol 6000 to 10% (w/v), and the mixtures concentrated to one-tenth of the initial volume. the resulting inactivated-concentrated virus antigens showed a complement fixation (cf) titer ranging from 12 to 24. the recovery rate of cf activity wa ...1978216926
foot and mouth disease virus. i. stability of its ribonucleic acid. 1978202081
dose-response relationships in a microneutralization test for foot-and-mouth disease viruses.two-dimensional quantal microneutralization tests on foot-and-mouth disease viruses, in which neutralizing antibody activity was titrated against a serial range of virus doses, demonstrated a variety of dose-response curves some of which were rectilinear, others clearly curvilinear. moreover, in the case of the non-linear responses obtained with some antisera, the shape of the curve was such that antibody titres recorded with doses of virus ranging from 10(3)-10(5) tcd50 were closely similar. st ...1978202650
cross reaction between bovine enterovirus and south african territories i5 foot-and-mouth disease virus.a bovine enterovirus (e76t) isolated from a 2-year-old bull produced serologic cross reactions to south african territories (sat) i5 foot-and-mouth disease virus when inoculated into guinea pigs and cattle. cross-reacting serum titers to sat i5 virus of 1:320 by the plaque-reduction neutralization test and 1:20 by the radial immunodiffusion test occurred in 2 steers after they were inoculated with the e76t virus. in 1 steer, maximal cross-reacting titers appeared related to a 2nd exposure to the ...1978204230
[study of the a strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus which also occurred in the netherlands]. 1978205008
cross reactions of normal bovine sera with foot-and-mouth disease virus: incidence, duration, and effect of shipping stress.serum samples were obtained from 30 hereford steers in an area known to be free of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses as follows: before shipment and 4 times during a 70-day period after shipment; the sera were tested for the presence of cross-reacting antibody to various viruses. percentages of sera containing cross-reacting antibody to fmd virus detected by the plaque-reduction neutralization and the radial immunodiffusion techniques were higher for the fmd viruses asia and sat i5 than for t ...1978206170
enzyme-labelled immunosorbent assay techniques in foot-and-mouth disease virus research.the indirect elisa technique has been developed successfully to measure antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in cattle sera. preliminary studies using a standard serum assay show that reproducible results are obtained. the method should prove useful for the examination of antibody titres in sera from large numbers of cattle or other animals.1978206625
in vitro comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype variants causing disease in vaccinated cattle.foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates of types o, a and sat 2, from diseased animals in herds routinely vaccinated twice a year were compared antigenically with the vaccine strains in the complement-fixation, neutralization and radial immunodiffusion tests. it was found that strains which had readily infected vaccinated cattle had r values against the vaccine strain in the complementfixation and radial immunodiffusion tests of 30 or less, while strains causing primary outbreaks with little sprea ...1978206626
indirect complement fixation test with foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation.to a bhk-21 cell culture fluid infected with the o, a, or asia 1 type of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus was added polyethylene glycol 16000 to a concentration of 10% (w/v). then the fluid was concentrated to one-tenth of the original volume. the resulting concentrated virus antigens showed a complement fixation (cf) titer ranging from 12 to 14. the rate of recovery of cf activity was in a range of 40 approximately 80%. each antigen was applied to the indirect complement fixation (icf) test w ...1978206842
isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus from yak. 1978207010
more precise location of the polycytidylic acid tract in foot and mouth disease virus rna.the polycytidylic acid [poly(c)] tract in foot and mouth disease virus rna has been located about 400 nucleotides from the 5' end of the rna by analysis of the products from the digestion of the rna with rnase h in the presence of oligodeoxyguanylic acid [oligo(dg)]. this treatment produces a small fragment (s) containing the small protein covalently linked to the rna and a large fragment (l) that migrates faster than untreated rna on low-percentage polyacrylamide gels, lacks the poly(c) tract a ...1978207892
effect of zinc and other chemical agents on foot-and-mouth-disease virus replication.chemical agents reported to inhibit the growth of various ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid viruses were tested against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture. these included zn(2+), aurintricarboxylic acid, polyribocytidylic acid, polyriboinosinic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, and the viral contact inactivator n-methyl isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone alone and with cuso(4). the most effective agent, zn(2+), inhibited foot-and-mouth disease virus production in primary calf kidney cell ...1978208461
ribonuclease activities associated with purified foot and mouth disease virus.ribonuclease activities internally and externally associated with purified foot-and mouth disease virus were detected. the outer activity was easily removed by cesium chloride or by detergent (sarkosyl). the inner activity is not removable by any procedure used and could be the enzyme responsible for the heterogeneity normally observed in the extracted fmdv-rna. it is not known at present if both activities are related to the same or to different enzymes.1978208488
secretory antibody responses in cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus.antibody responses in serum, saliva, nasal secretions, or esophageal-pharyngeal fluid of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected steers were examined by single radial immunodiffusion and mouse-neutralization tests. in steers infected with type o foot-and-mouth disease virus, high serum antibody titers were detected within 10 days after infection. antibody was first detected in saliva at 30 days and gradually increased to a plateau at about 90 days. small amounts of antibody continued to be secrete ...1978209706
foot and mouth disease virus. ii. endoribonuclease activity within purified virions. 1978210581
the detection of antibody to virus-infection associated (via) antigen in various species of african wildlife following natural and experimental infection with foot and mouth disease virus.the double immuno-diffusion (did) test has been applied to detect antibody to via antigen in sera from various species of african wild ungulates. in conjunction with the serum neutralisation (sn) test it can be used to decide the degree of risk of movement of animals to other countries free from foot and mouth disease (fmd). the value of the test in assessing the history of infection is limited by its relatively low sensitivity and specificity in respect of virus type.1978210744
microneutralization tests for serological typing and subtyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains.a microneutralization test for serotyping of fmd viruses is described. it is based on earlier observations by booth, rweyemamu & pay (1978) that dose-response relationships in quantal microneutralizations often deviated from linearity. the typing test described therefore utilizes undiluted virus preparations. in about 90% of samples a positive typing was obtained in contrast with about 50% for the complement fixation test. the test was also found to be susceptible to minimal quantities of hetero ...1978211160
[use of ultrasonics in purifying the aphthous foot-and-mouth disease virus]. 1978211705
[radial immunodiffusion reaction in research with the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. 1978211706
[type-specific variations in structural polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus]. 1978211982
differentiation between specific and nonspecific reactions of bovine sera and foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) in immunodiffusion tests.the precipitating and neutralizing activities of normal bovine sera with fmdv were studied and compared. twenty-two out of 79 normal bovine sera gave a positive reaction in micro neutralization tests with fmdv type o, while six did so with type a. in rid tests 32 sera were positive with type o and 28 with type a virus. almost all of the 79 sera gave a positive reaction in the rid with trypsin treated virus of both types. after three to four fold concentration most sera also gave visible reaction ...1978211990
antibody responses to type-specific and "virus-infection-associated" antigens in cattle vaccinated with inactivated polyvalent foot and mouth disease virus in north malawi. 1978212157
the effect of cesium salts on dense poliovirus particles.the buoyant density of dense poliovirus particles has been examined in density gradients other than cesium chloride in order to determine the dependence of this property on the nature of the solvent. in urografin (sodium and methylglucamine amidotrizoate), dense poliovirus particles banded at two densities--1.33 and 1.39 g/cm(3)--whereas in cesium metrizoate they banded only at 1.39 g/cm(3) and in cesium sulfate at 1.38 g/cm(3). the presence of cesium ions gives rise to the occurrence of dense p ...1978213398
preadsorption of boar semen with kaolin: increased efficiency of foot-and-mouth disease virus detection.the boar semen-associated cytotoxic factor(s), but not the antiviral activity, were removed by adsorption with kaolin. although foot-and-mouth disease virus was efficiently removed from medium by kaolin or kieselguhr, the virus was not removed from semen-virus mixtures. because the cytotoxicity induced by boar semen apparently altered the ability of tissue culture cells to support virus replication, preadsorption with kaolin increased the probability of detecting this virus in semen samples.1978213994
isolation of immunizing cyanogen bromide-peptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus. 1978214084
early events in the interaction between foot-and mouth disease virus and primary pig kidney cells.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) attached to pig kidney cells at 0 degrees c and could only be recovered in a form with a sedimentation coefficient and buoyant density lower than that of the native virus. incubation of the virus-cell complex at 37 degrees c caused disruption of about 80% of the particles into a 12s protein sub-unit that had the same polypeptide composition as that produced by reducing the ph of the virus below ph7. the remaining 20% had the same polypeptide and rna compositio ...1978214518
a re-appraisal of the biochemical map of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna.the proteins induced by infection of bhk 21 cells with foot-and-mouth disease virus have been compared by tryptic peptide analysis. the results indicate that there are three primary products 5'--p88, p52, p100--3'. the polypeptide p56, which we considered previously to be a primary product, is derived from the region of the genome that codes for p100. the results indicate that there are alternative cleavage pathways of p100, the polypeptide coded for by the 3' end of the genome.1978214522
[determination of the amount of the 140s-component of foot-and-mouth disease virus]. 1978214930
excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid and milk of cattle after intranasal infection.the virus growth in the pharyngeal area and the virus excretion in milk of susceptible and vaccinated dairy cows after intranasal instillation of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus type o1 were examined. ten vaccinated cows were purchased through a market. of these, nine had delivered their first calf. the cows were inoculated 2-9 months after having received the last dose of vaccine. all vaccinated cows resisted the intranasal challenge. the virus multiplied in the pharyngeal area but, compared ...1978215675
persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in butter and butter oil. 197827543
pre-lytic release of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cytoplasmic blebs.the pre-lytic release mechanism of foot-and-mouth disease virus was investigated by immunofluorescence, acridine orange staining, and electron microscopy in infected bovine and porcine kidney coverslip cultures. cells with cytoplasmic fluorescence and which were positive for single stranded rna with acridine orange staining were observed at 2 h after infection. scanning electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic blebs in all cultures examined 2 h after infection. rounded cells with virus inclusions ...197881266
effect of trypsin treatment on the antigenic characteristics of plaque variants of type-o 1 and type asia-1 foot-and-mouth disease viruses.antigenic differences were demonstrated between the large and small plaque variants of both types o1 and asia-1 foot-and-mouth disease viruses. treatment of the large and small plaque variants of the viruses with trypsin essentially abolished the observed antigenic differences. thus, these plaque variants have antigenically different trypsin-sensitive determinants that may influence their immunogenicity and infection capabilities.197882610
effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin on the polypeptides of large and small plaque variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus: relationship to specific antigenicity and infectivity.large and small plaque variants of a12 foot-and-mouth disease virus were shown to have specific antigenic determinants. large plaque virus antigenic specificity was destroyed by trypsin treatment, but the small plaque antigen was resistant despite cleavage of the trypsin-sensitive polypeptide. the cleavage of polypeptide vp3 by trypsin resulted in the formation of a new antigen not present on untreated virus. the effects of chymotrypsin and trypsin on the polypeptides of the plaque variants have ...197884854
[production of purified foot-and-mouth disease virus antigens and the specific sera against them].it was demonstrated that the use of laboratory techniques could be contributive to the production of purified antigens of the f.m.d. virus, such a-140 s, 12 s, and via. the isolated purified antigens were used to immunize guinea pigs, obtaining specific antisera against them. it was found that the latter contained specific complement-fixing and precipitating antibodies, while the 140 s serum also had neutralizing antibodies. the produced 140 s serum contained certain amounts of 12 s antibodies, ...197885363
[serologic study of 2 strains of foot-and-mouth virus, cultured in cell line ib-rs-2, clone 26-3].the antigenic characteristics of the two fmdv plaque size variants asq-pg and asq-pp were studied by serum neutralization kinetics. the results evidentiated that the antiserum asq-pg and asq-pp neutralized both variants at the same extent. the plaque population of these variants after passage in laboratory animals was compared in ib-rs-2 cells.1978224836
[effect of hormones on the susceptibility of the swine cell line ib-rs-2 to foot-and-mouth disease virus].the actions of hydrocortisone and insulin on the multiplication of foot-and-mouth disease virus were studied. the data obtained showed that the infectivity and the synthesis of the virus nucleic acid as evaluated through the plaque assay method and the kinetics of uridine-3h incorporation were increased or decreased by hydrocortisone (2 x 10(-6) m). the induction of both effects seems to be related to the carbohydrate metabolism: when the maintenance medium contained glucose or glucose plus calf ...1978224839
[isolation of foot-and mouth disease virus in swine with other diseases].the authors took a survey of foot-and-mouth disease samples of myocardium and tonsil from swine which was died without clinicals signs of foot-and-mouth disease, with isolation of virus, type o, a and c. it was observed and accentuated relation between the incidence of hog cholera, pneumonia and atipic foot-and-mouth disease, especially from suckling pigs.1978224841
[effects of polyionic compounds in the plaque formation of different strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in the swine cell line ib-rs-2].the effects of dithylaminoethyl (deae)-dextran (dd) and dextran-sulfate (ds) were studied in some strains of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the strains asq-pg, cr and o, large plaque variants in ib-rs-2 cells, when dd or ds were added to the agar overlay, the plaques were inhibited. however, the strains asq-pp and ci, that are small plaque variants in ib-rs-2 cells, when to the agar overlay was added dd the plaques were greatly enhanced while when was added ds the plaques were inhibite ...1978224842
[swine cell sublines with different ploidies. iii. susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus].ib-rs-10-ii subline with tetraploid level cells was more susceptible to the infection by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) asq-pg strain than ib-rs-10-i subline with diploid level cells, when number and size of plaques and cytopathogenic effect of the virus were used as criteria. besides, the virus yield in one-cycle of infection was almost the double in ib-rs-10-ii than ib-rs-10-i cell subline and the near-tetraploid cells were more susceptible to be infected by the virus than the near-di ...1978224843
[influence of a hypertonic medium on cell susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus].the influence of hypertonic medium on the relationship between two cell clones of ib-rs-2 swine line and the foot-and-mouth disease virus was studied. although the number of infected cells was increased by the cell treatment with the hypertonic medium, before or during the time of virus adsorption and penetration onto the cells, showed by the plaque number, the viral replication was partially inhibited as showed by the plaque size as by the viral yield in one-cycle of infection. on the other han ...1978224844
[radial immunodiffusion study of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a].the radial immunodiffusion(ri), was used to study f. m. d. viruses, type a. it was found that the specific linkage between f. m. d. antigens and antibodies could be demonstrated through ri with the formation of precipitation circles. it was demonstrated that specific reactions were produced when homologus or heterologus antigens and sera of one and the same f. m. d. virus type interacted. the size of the precipitation circles proved inversely proportional to the concentration of antibodies in th ...1978219587
purification of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection-associated antigen. 1978221935
immune response of neonatal swine to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine with oil adjuvant. i. influence of colostral antibody. 1977220635
cross reactions of normal bovine serums with foot-and-mouth disease virus. 1977220636
induction of neutralizing antibodies and immunity in vaccinated guinea pigs by cyanogen bromide-peptides of vp3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus.the specificity of guinea pig antisera against large cyanogen bromide-cleaved peptides of the virus capsid protein vp3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o1, strain kaufbeuren has been characterized by double immunodiffusion, virus neutralization and protection tests. antibodies to purified 146s particles and the cleavage peptides of vp3 showed an incomplete cross-section against vp3 peptide antigen when reacted in immunodiffusion tests, indicating that new antigenic determinants are exhibited ...197765445
demonstration of trypsin-sensitive antigenic determinants common to the intact virus particle and the 12s subunit of the uga 6/70 strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus type sat 2. 197767182
neutralization kinetics studies with type sat 2 foot-and-mouth disease virus strains.a comparison of homologous and heterologous rates of neutralization demonstrated that antigenic relationships of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains could be differentiated quantitatively by the kinetics of neutralization method described previously (rwysed this way gave r values which were similar to those obtained with other neutralization test methods but which were generally smaller than those obtained with complement fixation test results. it was demonstrated that there were wide differenc ...197768071
neutralization kinetics studies with type sat2 foot-and-mouth disease virus strains. 1. factors that influence the rate and pattern of neutralization.a study of the kinetics of inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus type sat 2 strains revealed that in most cases the rate of neutralization was not rectilinear. deviations from first-order kinetics observed represented biphasic or parabolic and stepwise reactions. the initial rate was rapid and showed no lag phase or shoulder. the effects of deviations from linearity could be minimized by dilution of antiserum to a suitable extent. treatment of virus-antibody mixtures with anti-species glo ...197713123
enhancement by diethylamineothyl-dextran of the plaque-forming activity of foot-and-mouth disease virus-antibody complexes in pig kidney ib-rs-2 cells.mixtures of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus and homologous antibody, assayed for surviving plaque-forming units (pfu) in pig kidney ib-rs-2 cells, demonstrated an average ten-fold greater recovery of infectivity when diethylaminoethyl-dextran (deae-dextran) was included in the overlay medium. this enhancement, which was not detected in baby hamster kidney bhk21 cells, was due to the ability of the polycation to potentiate attachment of virus-antibody complexes to the ib-rs-2 cells. in some in ...1977202225
[types and subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus and their practical significance]. 197776365
[early events in the replication of foot and mouth disease virus: subcellular localization of viral rna synthesis]. 1977218264
the airborne dispersal of foot-and-mouth disease virus from vaccinated and recovered pigs, cattle and sheep after exposure to infection.foot-and-mouth disease virus was detected during two periods in the air of looseboxes which housed susceptible, vaccinated or recovered pigs, cattle or sheep exposed to infection. the first was 30 min to 22 h after exposure and occurred in all animals. the second was two to seven days after exposure and occurred with those susceptible and vaccinated animals which developed clinical lesions, and with vaccinated and recovered pigs and sheep, which did not develop clinical lesions. vaccination of a ...1977198862
[relationship between the chemical structure and the biological activity of antibodies against the foot-and-mouth disease virus].investigated was the effect of various amino agents (stained and phthalic anhydride and sulfopicric acid) on the complement-and antigen-fixing activity of igg and igm antibodies isolated from guinea pig sera, the donor animals being hyperimmunzed with type o, strain polyana, of the foot-and-mouth disease virus, at the moderate modification (75-86 per cent acetylation, and 36-40 per cent 'phthalation') of the primary amino groups the foot-and-mouth disease antibodies retained only half of the con ...1977199988
routine titration of foot-and-mouth disease virus suspensions by analytical ultracentrifugation 2nd communication: sedimentation equilibrium method.a routine method for the determination of the virus concentration in fmd virus cultures and vaccines was developed. this method was based on sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultraviolet scanning ultracentrifuge. the virus suspension was first clarified. the virions were then sedimented in a preparative ultracentrifuge. the resuspended virions were diluted in a cesium chloride solution and brought to equilibrium in the density gradient generated in the analytical ultracentrifuge. the o ...1977200195
an assessment by competition hybridization of the sequence homology between the rnas of the seven serotypes of fmdv.a comparison has been made of the rnas of the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) by competition hybridization. homology among the three european serotypes a, o, c and the asia i serotype was 60 to 70%. similar homologies were found among the three southern african territories serotypes (sat i, sat 2, sat 3), but homology between the two groups was much lower (25 to 40%). homology between the rnas of subtypes within serotypes a and o was greater than 70%. double competition ex ...1977200707
effect of oesophageal-pharyngeal secretions from normal cattle on foot-and-mouth disease virus o1. 1977201131
occurrence of cross reactions to foot-and-mouth disease virus in normal swine sera.sera from 101 swine never exposed to foot-and-mouth disease virus were tested by the plaque-reduction neutralization (prn) and radial immunodiffusion techniques for cross-reactions to 5 types of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. depending on the group of sera and the virus used, the percentage of sera cross-reacting at low levels varied from 0 to 50% with the prn technique and 0 to 20% with the radial immunodiffusion technique. 5erum-neutralization tests in mice support the finding of neutralizing ...1977201197
[structure of the protein membrane of the foot-and mouth disease virus]. 1977202058
[post-vaccinal immunity against heterologous subtypes of the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. 1977202059
[epidemiologic significance of permanent foot-and-mouth disease virus excretors]. 1977188407
interferon inducers and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: influence of two synthetic polynucleotides on antibody response and immunity in guinea pigs and swine.polyriboadenylic-polybouridylic acid enhanced the immunological response of guinea pigs to aqueous foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine. polyriboninosinic-polyribocytidylic acid enhanced the early antibody production of swine to oil emulsified foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine. polyriboninosinic-polyribocytidylic acid alone did not stimulate resistance to foot-and-mouth disease in swine.1977188530
antirival activity of n-phenyl-n'-arylthiourea derivatives against some rhinoviruses.the effect of 12 derivatives of n-phenyl-n'-aryl- or alkylthiourea, inhibitors of human enteroviruses and foot-and-mouth disease virus, on reproduction of some rhinoviruses (h-17, b-632) in hela bristol cells was studied. as screening methods both the multicylce growth test in roller tube cultures and two variants of plaque inhibition tests were employed. the compounds selected were tested in one-step growth cycle set-up. we established that n-phenyl-n'-4-hydroxyphenylthiourea (v-24) and n-pheny ...1977188604
biochemical analysis of a virulent and an avirulent strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus.a comparison has been made of some of the serological and physicochemical properties of a virulent and an avirulent strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype sat1. the avirulent strain (sat1-82) was derived from the virulent strain (sat1-7) by serial passage in bhk 21 cells. the viruses were indistinguishable in cross-neutralization tests. in immunodiffusion tests a clear spur line was obtained with the sat1-82 antiserum but not with sat1-7 antiserum. the major polypeptides of the two vir ...1977188983
in vivo interference in vesicular stomatitis virus infection.inactivated defective interfering and complete particles of vesicular stomatitis virus given intracerebrally to adult mice protect them against challenge with homologous virus whether this is given at the same time or several days later. two separate protective processes appear to be involved. the first, which comes into operation immediately after inoculation, is also effective against heterologous strains of vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies (another rhabdovirus), and a neurotropic strain of ...1977191397
immunogenic and cell attachment sites of fmdv: further evidence for their location in a single capsid polypeptide.chymotrypsin cleaves only one of the four major polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv serotype o) in situ. this polypeptide (vp1, mol. wt. 29 x 10(3) was first cleaved into fragments of mol. wt. 20 and 9 x 10(3) and further cleavage could be prevented by the addition of a large excess of bovine serum albumin. the infectivity of the virus particles at this stage was the same as that of the intact virus although the rate of attachment to bhk 21 cells was slower and the immunogenic act ...1977192841
biochemical mapping of the foot-and-mouth disease virus genome.four primary cleavage products, mol. wt. 10(3) x 100, 88, 56 and 52 (p100, p85, p56 and p52 respectively) are present in bhk 2i cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). however, no precursor polyprotein equal to the sum of their mol. wt. was detected, even when amino acid analogues and proteolytic enzyme inhibitors were used. three of the primary products were shown to cleave to smaller polypeptides, including the capsid polypeptides of the virus. polypeptide p88, which was shown ...1977195008
[cultivation of the foot-and-mouth disease virus on a monolayer of inoculable cells piglet kidney grown in vitro]. 1977195389
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