Publications

interaction between trichomonas vaginalis and other pathogenic micro-organisms of the human genital tract.	trichomonas vaginalis organisms were mixed with suspensions of neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma hominis or chlamydia trachomatis to allow ingestion of these micro-organisms by the trichomonads. culture studies indicated that gonococci and mycoplasmas were ingested and that the number of intracellular viable organisms decreased rapidly, most gonococci being killed within six hours and all mycoplasmas within three hours. electron microscopy revealed phagocytic uptake and destruction of these two ...	1984	6421451
[gonococcal infections in gabon (haut-ogooué)].	the isolation of n. gonorrhoeae in the region of franceville was attempted on the one hand with 261 men and 261 women presenting urethral or cervical discharge, and on the other hand with 530 women attending a prenatal clinic of whom 42 had cervical discharge while 488 did not. amongst the men, 69.7% of the urethritis cases were due to n. gonorrhoeae while this bacteria could be isolated from 15.3% of the women with cervical exudates. n. gonorrhoeae could be also identified in 5.5% of the pregna ...	1984	6422430
purine salvage enzymes in leishmania donovani and trichomonas vaginalis.		1984	6426255
can trichomonas vaginalis cause pneumonia in newborn babies?		1984	6432096
motile curved rods in women attending a std clinic.	motile anaerobic curved rods were cultured from vaginal discharge of 19 of 262 women attending an std clinic. in 26 women, motile rods were observed by examination of wet smears. in all 5 specimens culture-positive for motile anaerobic curved rods of the long type, motile rods were observed in the wet smears, while in only 6 of the 14 specimens culture-positive for motile anaerobic curved rods of the short type, were motile rods seen in wet smears.	1984	6443163
the relation between trichomonas vaginalis and contraceptive measures.	the relationship between the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis and the use of oral contraceptive (oc) pills was observed in 100 females from the outpatient clinic of cairo university hospital. 50 patients took the oc anovlar and 50 used a size 3 lippes loop. 2 sample discharges were analyzed before contraceptive use, i.e. 1 wet smear on a clean slide and the other cultured on trichosol trypticase serum medium (sts) composed of trypticase 20 gm, cysteine hcl 1 1/2 gm, maltose 1 gm, agar 1 gm, me ...	1984	6512296
[actinomyces-like organisms in users of intrauterine contraception].	actinomyces-like organisms (alo) were found in 6.9% of cervical smears in 2133 iud users. the chance of having co-infection with trichomonas vaginalis was 2.7 times higher in women with alo than in alo negative women. the proportion of iud users with alo in cervical smears increased with the duration of the iud use. a total of 108 iud users with alo were compared with the same number of iud users without alo in cervical smears. the women in the two groups were matched for the duration of the iud ...	1984	6535891
sexually transmitted diseases: an epidemic in adolescent girls?	the prevalence of sexually transmitted disease (std) in adolescent girls aged 15-19 attending a department of genitourinary medicine was compared for the years 1972 and 1982. data were obtained from the confidential register using the coding of the clinic returns to the department of health (form sbh 60). there were 1373 patients in 1972 and 1799 in 1982, 6.4% and 7% respectively of the total female clinic population. the prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea, and infection with trichomonas vaginal ...	1984	6549148
infectious involvements in males with reiter's syndrome.	to obtain data on infectious involvements contributing to joint attacks in reiter's syndrome (rs) 72 consecutive males with rs were investigated. controls were 219 personally interviewed males. a history of some type of oro-naso-pharyngeal or pulmonary infectious involvements were reported as often in the patients as in the controls, but the frequency of persons with a history of joint manifestations followed by these infections was significantly higher in the patients (23/72) than in the contro ...	1984	6549275
[vagino-cytological studies in prostitutes].	numerous papers on the high incidence of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix in prostitutes have been published mainly in anglo-american literature. the reported data were compared with those of prostitutes in a south german city. in a retrospective study on 239 prostitutes and a control group of 502 patients of the same age distribution the data regarding the vaginal flora and the obtained cytologic groups (modified papanicolaou classification "m unchner nomenklatur ") were compared. the ...	1984	6562985
differential effects of inhibitors of purine metabolism on two trichomonad species.	tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis are both incapable of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. previous studies indicated that t. foetus relies mainly on the salvage of hypoxanthine and subsequent conversion of imp to amp and gmp, whereas t. vaginalis depends on direct conversions of exogenous adenosine to amp and guanosine to gmp without much interconversion between the two nucleotides. these two different types of purine salvage suggest the possibility of differential sensitivities ...	1984	6608946
[gas chromatographic studies on propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in culture fluid of trichomonas vaginalis].	trichomonas vaginalis was inoculated into cysteine-peptone-liver infusion-maltose medium (cplm medium), and serial changes in short-chain fatty acids in the culture fluid were studied by gas chromatography. a significant increase in the amount of propionic acid and iso-valeric acid was found in the culture fluids obtained at 72 or 120 hours after inoculation of trichomonas vaginalis. these short-chain fatty acids are considered to be produced in vitro during the growth of trichomonas vaginalis i ...	1984	6609217
comparison of virulence of clones of two trichomonas vaginalis strains by the subcutaneous mouse assay.	no statistical differences in virulence were found among five clones isolated from each of two trichomonas vaginalis strains jh31a and balt 42. the former strain, isolated from a patient showing no cervical epithelial abnormalities, caused relatively small subcutaneous lesions in mice [mean volume for the noncloned strain, 75.45 +/- 4.43 mm3 (n = 70); mean of means for cloned populations, 77.28 +/- 3.14 mm3 (n = 230)]. the latter, balt 42, isolated from a woman with an in situ carcinoma of the c ...	1984	6609494
[treatment of vulvovaginitis in children and adolescents with metronidazole].	vulvovaginitis is the most observed genital disease in children and adolescents and dependent from different etiologic factors. bacteriogenic non specific infections were the most frequent cause in 275 girls. bacteria were evident in 77.5 per cent, monilia, in 12.7 per cent and trichomonas vaginalis in 3.3 per cent. 143 cases were treated with metronidazole. all patients with trichomoniasis vaginitis became free of trichomonads. the cure rate of the anaerobic infections was 73.1 per cent. no sid ...	1984	6609502
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibody to trichomonas vaginalis: use of whole cells and aqueous extract as antigen.	an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting antibody to antigenic trichomonas vaginalis macromolecules has been identified using whole cells or an aqueous protein extract as antigen. the test was developed under optimum conditions using serum samples from experimental animals. the sensitivity of the elisa was equal to or greater than that obtained by radioimmunoprecipitation and electrophoresis-fluorography techniques. the elisa was capable of assessing antibody responses during t ...	1984	6610453
a freeze-fracture electron microscope study of trichomonas vaginalis donné and tritrichomonas foetus (riedmüller).	two strains of trichomonas vaginalis, jh162a , with low pathogenicity, and balt 44, with high pathogenicity, as well as one highly pathogenic strain, kv-1, of tritrichomonas foetus were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. the protoplasmic faces ( pfs ) of the cell membranes of all three strains of both species had similar numbers of intramembranous particles (imps); however, the particles in the external faces (efs) of these membranes were least abundant in trichomonas vaginalis stra ...	1984	6610746
nonsexual transmission of sexually transmitted diseases: an infrequent occurrence.	sexually transmitted diseases occur in epidemic numbers in the united states today. nonsexual transmission of these diseases is rarely an issue in adults. however, when the same diseases are found in children, the tendency of pediatricians and other health care practitioners has been to believe the mode of transmission is asexual. a review of gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, herpes genitalis, condyloma acuminata, trichomonas vaginalis, syphilis, chancroid, and granuloma inguinale infections has ...	1984	6610855
observations of trichomonas vaginalis infections at the university teaching hospital in calabar, nigeria.	the pattern of trichomonas vaginalis infections at the outpatient clinic of the university teaching hospital in calabar, nigeria was determined for the two-year period (january 1981 - december 1982). of the 5520 patients examined in 1981, t. vaginalis was found in 10 males (0.11%) and 57 females (1.03%). of the 2511 patients examined in 1982, the parasite was found in 27 males (1.07%) and 31 females (1.20%). a few prepubertal cases were observed. the increasing significance of t. vaginalis as a ...	1984	6611622
nitroimidazoles in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis.	nitroimidazoles have been extensively evaluated in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, liver and intestinal amebiasis. the most widely used are metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole. tinidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole have a much longer half-life than metronidazole, allowing single-dose or once daily administration. nitro-5-imidazoles remain extremely effective drugs for treating protozoans, trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia intestinalis. al ...	1984	6698665
specific and common antigens of trichomonas vaginalis detected by monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies to trichomonas vaginalis were prepared by immunizing mice with a cloned isolate of t. vaginalis. eight antibodies reacted with the same four isolates or strains but did not react with the other t. vaginalis strains or isolates tested. all eight antibodies reacted uniformly with both the body and flagella of t. vaginalis in the immunofluorescence assay but were unreactive by immunoblotting. the antigen(s) recognized by these antibodies was determined to be present on the sur ...	1984	6360900
prostatitis and epididymitis.	ascending spread of urethral pathogens may be the mechanisms of infection of the prostate and epididymis. sexually transmitted organisms cause most epididymitis in young men. although evidence is mounting to suggest that sexually transmitted organisms may cause prostatitis, data are insufficient at this time to base a therapeutic approach on this concept. the authors present approaches to the management of these two disorders.	1984	6369708
[the laboratory and colposcopy in the diagnosis of urogenital trichomoniasis].	urogenital trichomoniasis is a very common condition, the most frequent veneral disease in women. it is also the commonest cause of vaginal discharge. nevertheless, it is often unrecognised since attenuated, latent, unusual forms are more numerous than acute forms which might lead to a suspicion of the diagnosis, and because the investigations which are necessary to make the diagnosis are not made often enough. two types of investigation are available: laboratory studies to seek the parasite and ...	1984	6397829
growth of candida species in liquid culture medium for trichomonas vaginalis.	the growth of candida spp from vaginal specimens in bushby's liquid medium for t vaginalis was compared with that on sabouraud's agar medium, and isolation was significantly greater in bushby's medium (p less than 0.001). isolations missed (4.43%) in bushby's medium probably represented vaginal carriage of small numbers of candida spp.	1984	6607763
pathogenic trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity to cell culture monolayers.	exposure of monolayer cultures of human urogenital and vaginal (hela), human epithelial (hep-2), normal baboon testicular (nbt), and monkey kidney (vero) cells to live pathogenic trichomonas vaginalis resulted in extensive disruption of monolayers. trypan blue was taken up by all host cells released from cell monolayers, which indicated irreversible damage of these cell types by trichomonads. time and dose related data on cytotoxicity kinetics were obtained using increasing ratios of parasites t ...	1984	6608395
haemophilus influenzae in genitourinary tract infections.	haemophilus influenzae was isolated in pure or predominant culture from genital specimens from nine females and two males. four of the females had vaginitis, two had iud-related endometritis, one had an incomplete septic abortion, and one had probable urethral syndrome. two males had urethritis.	1983	6608436
trichomonas infection in pregnancy--does it affect perinatal outcome?	antenatal patients free of trichomonas vaginalis vaginal infection were compared with infected patients, half of whom were treated and half left untreated. the treated group was given benzoylmetronidazole 50 ml (2 g metronidazole equivalent) as a single dose. the mode of treatment was found to be very palatable and highly effective. the birth weights and gestational age at delivery were similar in all three groups.	1983	6845046
[preventive gynecological examinations of women employed in the cement industry].	prophylactic gynecologic examinations were carried out in 218 women-workers of a cement plant. the most frequent diseases were: retroflexion of the uterus (55.5%), inflammation of the ovary (50.45%), erosion of the vaginal part of the uterus (41.8%), prolapse of the vaginal walls (39.45%), incontinence (35.32%) and trichomonas vaginalis (18.7%). the extensive prevalence of the diseases imposes a need to carry on preventive examinations of women employed in cement industry. the authors indicate t ...	1983	6865741
short-term treatment of trichomonas vaginalis with tioconazole cream, a new antifungal agent.		1983	6873746
antibiotic a 19009. structural investigation and synthesis.	the structure of fermentation product a 19009 was reinvestigated by 13c and 1h nmr spectroscopy and established by independent synthesis to be n2-l-alanyl-n3-fumaramoyl-l-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (2), i.e. a structure isomeric with the originally proposed structure 1. in contrast to 1 which also was synthesized, 2 has a very low activity against trichomonas vaginalis.	1983	6885634
[vaginal candidiasis and trichomonas. can they be diagnosed clinically with certainty?].		1983	6398785
[disorders of vaginal biocenosis in women with risk of genital cancer].	473 women 38-71 years old were examined. 55 women with physiologic biocenosis of the vagina were included into control group. in remaining (418) there were detected: erosions, cancers of the cervix, hyperplasias and cancers of the endometrium of the uterine body, inflammations, leukoplakia and cancers of the vulva. microbiological examinations consisted if indirect examinations of vaginal content and of artificial cultures on different media. disturbances in vaginal biocenosis was diagnosed in t ...	1983	6371790
epidemiology and clinical diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in zimbabwe.		1983	6616578
serological study with solcotrichovac, a vaccine against trichomonas vaginalis infection in women.		1983	6629134
nonspecific vaginitis and other genital infections in three clinic populations.	nonspecific vaginitis was present in 37% of 40 patients attending the special urology (sexually transmitted disease) clinic at the victoria general hospital, in 23% of 75 patients attending the family planning clinic, and in 23% of 13 patients attending the prenatal clinic at the grace maternity hospital in halifax, nova scotia. the mean prevalence was 27%. subjective complaints of vaginal odor were significantly associated with nonspecific vaginitis (p less than .001), but symptoms of vaginal d ...	1983	6648745
induction of lung tumors and lymphomas in balb/c mice by metronidazole.	metronidazole, which is widely used in the treatment of "trichomonas vaginalis", "entamoeba histolytica" and "giardia lamblia" infections, was administered to balb/c mice by stomach tube in an aqueous solution at a dose rate of 2 mg/day for 100 days (total 200 mg) to test its carcinogenicity. the treatment induced a significant increase in lung tumors in male mice (p less than 0.001) and provoked the appearance of lymphomas in females (p less than 0.001). although there is insufficient evidence ...	1983	6649066
[statistical evaluation and diagnostic consideration on trichomoniasis and candidiasis in vaginal pathology].	from 1980 to 1982, we studied 1,827 cases of vaginal smears with particular interest in positive cases of trichomonas vaginalis and candida sp. moreover, we studied the statistical incidence of these microorganisms, and also some diagnostic problems, and the effects of these agents on vaginal microflora.	1983	6675046
vaginal infections. how to identify and treat them.	vaginal infection occurs at some time in the majority of women. most such infections are caused by candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis, and gardnerella (hemophilus) vaginalis. some less common--but in many cases increasingly prevalent--causes include herpes-virus type 2, papillomavirus, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma t strains, and toxic shock syndrome.	1983	6681672
unsuspected chlamydia trachomatis in females attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic.	one hundred and five women attending auckland sexually transmitted diseases clinic were reviewed because of positive cervical cultures for chlamydia trachomatis. their average age was 19 years, 70% were european; 28% were maori. in half the patients the positive culture was a chance finding and therefore treatment was delayed resulting in six patients (12%) developing pelvic inflammatory disease. eight out of nine male contacts, subsequently traced, had asymptomatic urethritis, one having epidid ...	1983	6577348
failure to detect extranuclear dna in trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus.		1983	6600788
gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in genital disease.	in a study of gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in non-specific vaginitis (nsv) and other genital disease 89 patients attending a genital medicine clinic had vaginal samples examined for conventional pathogens and for quantitative analysis of g vaginalis and aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora. the overall incidence of g vaginalis was 20%; g vaginalis (mean concentration 7.0 log10/g of secretion) occurred predominantly in patients with nsv (57%) but also in sexual contacts of non-sp ...	1983	6600955
antitrichomonal activity of compounds that affect dna and its repair.	the trichomonacidal activity of dimethyl sulphate (dms) was increased a 100-fold by administration in combination with benzamide and aminobenzamides, compounds thought to interfere with dna repair in mammalian cells. the same benzamides did not enhance the trichomonacidal activities of metronidazole or a thiosemicarbazone. the results suggest that trichomonas vaginalis is able to repair damaged dna and that neither metronidazole nor the thiosemicarbazone affect trichomonal dna in the same way as ...	1983	6601103
antigen-specific proliferation responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to trichomonas vaginalis antigen in patients with trichomonas vaginitis.	this report describes the development of an assay system which overcomes the difficulty of detecting immune responses of patients with trichomonas vaginitis by making use of peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from such patients. when peripheral blood leukocytes from the patient were stimulated in microcultures with the soluble antigen extracted from trichomonas vaginalis, significant degrees of proliferation ensued, as measured by the incorporation of [methyl-3h]thymidine 4 to 5 days after ini ...	1983	6601112
trichomonas vaginalis in men.		1983	6601192
association of mast cells with vaginal trichomoniasis in endocervical smears.	in endocervical smears obtained from 40 women with trichomonas vaginalis infection, 25 women with infections other than t. vaginalis and 35 cytologically normal women, inflammatory cells consistent with mast cells (tissue basophils) were examined. mast cells were present predominantly in the smears of patients infected with t. vaginalis but were infrequent in those of patients with other infections and in those of the normal, control group. the numbers of mast cells in endocervical smears and th ...	1983	6601348
antigen analysis of several pathogenic strains of trichomonas vaginalis.	analysis of several human strains of trichomonas vaginalis and one bovine strain of tritrichomonas foetus was accomplished with standard sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and fluorography technology. highly motile, live trichomonads were radiolabeled, and total trichloroacetic acid-precipitated proteins were electrophoresed. complex protein profiles of the various human strains of t. vaginalis were obtained with proteins ranging in molecular weight from 20,000 to greater than 200,000. t ...	1983	6601618
acquisition of alpha 1-antitrypsin by a pathogenic strain of trichomonas vaginalis.	the interaction of alpha 1-antitrypsin, the major serine protease inhibitor in plasma, with pathogenic trichomonas vaginalis and the acquisition by trichomonads of this host protein from normal human plasma were investigated. alpha 1-antitrypsin acquired by intact parasites could not be removed by repeated washings in phosphate-buffered saline. saturation kinetics were observed after incubation of glutaraldehyde-fixed organisms with 125i-labeled alpha 1-antitrypsin. evidence suggesting that spec ...	1983	6601623
purine and pyrimidine metabolizing activities in trichomonas vaginalis extracts.		1983	6601772
isolation of trichomonas vaginalis from the respiratory tract of infants with respiratory disease.	trichomonas vaginalis was isolated from the respiratory tracts of two infants with respiratory disease. bacterial and viral cultures of tracheal aspirates and nasopharyngeal specimens did not detect bacterial pathogens or viruses; however, t vaginalis was found to be present in inoculated cell cultures. both infants were delivered vaginally by mothers with known previous episodes of t vaginalis infection. the possibility that this organism may, on occasion, cause respiratory tract disease needs ...	1983	6602324
analysis of surface saccharides in trichomonas vaginalis strains with various pathogenicity levels by fluorescein-conjugated plant lectins.	certain surface saccharides of organisms from clone-derived cultures of five trichomonas vaginalis strains, jh30a-cl. 1, jh31a-cl. 1, jh32a-cl. 1, jh34a-cl. 1, jh162a-cl. 1, and jh384a-cl. 2, which differed in their pathogenicity for women and experimental hosts, were compared with the aid of fluorescein-conjugated plant lectins using a quantitative fluorescence method. the lectins used were: concanavalin a (con-a), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), soybean agglutinin (sba), castor bean agglutinin (c ...	1983	6602431
epidemiology and clinical diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in zimbabwe.		1983	6603271
immune response to trichomonas vaginalis. iv. immunochemical and immunobiological analyses of t. vaginalis antigen.	the immune response of patients with trichomoniasis vaginitis to trichomonas vaginalis was examined by using passive hemagglutination assay and skin reactions. trichomonas-specific immune responses could hardly be detected in the patients by these assay methods. in order to develop a simple and reliable assay for demonstration of t. vaginalis-specific immune responses in the patients, proliferation responses of peripheral mononuclear cells from the patients were examined. lymphocytes obtained fr ...	1983	6603425
the antagonistic effects of acetate and lactate upon the trichomonacidal activity of metronidazole.	lactate and acetate at 5 mm were found to be antagonistic to the killing action of metronidazole on trichomonas vaginalis under aerobic but not anaerobic conditions. these compounds had no effect on the growth of the parasite, or the rate of metronidazole reduction by, and the activities of nadh oxidase and nadph oxidase in, parasite homogenates. the phenomenon reported could be one reason why metronidazole is not always effective in the treatment of trichomoniasis.	1983	6603456
natural macrophage cytotoxicity against trichomonas vaginalis is mediated by soluble lytic factors.	mechanisms of lysis of the extracellular protozoan trichomonas vaginalis by uninduced resident macrophages were analyzed. supernatants obtained by culturing such macrophages with t. vaginalis were cytotoxic for the protozoa in a dose-dependent manner. supernatants from macrophages cultured alone were cytotoxic at lower levels, whereas those obtained from t. vaginalis alone and from macrophages cultured with unrelated cells (b77) were not cytotoxic. cytotoxic activity appeared after 4 h of contac ...	1983	6604025
beta-hemolytic activity of trichomonas vaginalis correlates with virulence.	the reasons that some women develop symptomatic trichomonal vaginitis, whereas many other infected women remain asymptomatic, are unclear, but it has been suggested that trichomonas vaginalis strains vary in their intrinsic virulence. we describe beta-hemolytic activity in t. vaginalis which correlates with virulence in patients as well as in an animal model and in tissue culture. fresh t. vaginalis isolates from four women with severe, symptomatic trichomoniasis had high-level (86.3 +/- 6.6%) h ...	1983	6604026
amine content of vaginal fluid from patients with trichomoniasis and gardnerella associated non-specific vaginitis.	amounts of putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were measured in vaginal washings from five patients with non-specific vaginitis (nsv) associated with gardnerella vaginalis, five patients with trichomoniasis, and five healthy controls. putrescine and cadaverine were present in all but one sample from the infected patients; tyramine was found in four of five samples from the women with nsv and in two of five samples from those with trichomoniasis. the mean cadaverine to putrescine ratio was signi ...	1983	6604557
[diagnostic and epidemiologic significance of multinuclear and round forms of trichomonas vaginalis].	trichomonas are analyzed in the material taken directly from the urogenital tract of male and female patients cultivated on roiron medium and using different methods for staining the preparations was carried out. it is observed that some of the preparations examined show round nuclear forms of t. vaginalis impossible the detect by laboratory methods used up to now. the techniques used in this study decrease the risk of false diagnosis of these forms of trichomoniasis by less experienced examiner ...	1983	6605001
unusual and giant forms of trichomonas vaginalis.		1983	6605014
viability of trichomonas vaginalis in vitro at four temperatures.	the effect of temperature as a possible factor on the survival of trichomonas vaginalis for shipment or routine laboratory maintenance was studied. ten strains of t. vaginalis, atcc 30001, atcc 30238, and eight clinical isolates, were examined for viability when kept incubated at 37 degrees c or removed from this temperature and held at 42, 22, or 5 degrees c for increasing lengths of time without subculture or reincubation at 37 degrees c. the order in which the strains remained viable without ...	1983	6605364
purine salvage networks in giardia lamblia.	purine metabolism in giardia lamblia was investigated by monitoring incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into purine nucleotides in the log-phase trophozoites cultivated in vitro in axenic media and incubated in buffered saline glucose. the lack of incorporation of formate, glycine, hypoxanthine, inosine, and xanthine into the nucleotide pool suggests the absence of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis and the inability to form imp as the precursor of amp and gmp in g. lamblia. only adenine, ...	1983	6605408
polyamines in trichomonas vaginalis.	trichomonas vaginalis was grown in a modified bushby's medium and putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels were determined in extracts from 24- and 48-h cultures and also in the culture media. all three polyamines were present in t. vaginalis extracts; the putrescine level and putrescine/spermidine ratio were much higher than those reported for other protozoa or for mammalian tissues. there were no significant differences between 24-h and 48-h amine levels per mg protein in these extracts, but ...	1983	6606778
proceedings of the international symposium on trichomonadosis. bialystok, 13-15 july 1981.		1983	6606905
[changes in trichomonas vaginalis sensitivity to metronidazole].		1983	6606994
metabolism and metronidazole uptake in trichomonas vaginalis isolates with different metronidazole susceptibilities.	three trichomonas vaginalis isolates with low in vivo susceptibilities to metronidazole (95% curative dose, greater than 3 x 100 mg kg-1 in subcutaneous infections in mice) were compared with strain atcc 30001 and with four isolates exhibiting high in vivo susceptibilities (95% curative dose, less than 3 x 15 mg kg-1). activity of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, anaerobic fermentation, and anaerobic intracellular accumulation of [14c]metronidazole label showed no significant isolate-dependen ...	1983	6607028
bacterial and fungal growth in urinary trichomoniasis.		1983	6607296
microbial flora in women showing symptoms of nonspecific vaginosis: applicability of koh test for diagnosis.	the microbial flora of the vagina in 100 consecutive patients coming to a gynaecologist's office because of excessive and malodourous vaginal discharge was investigated. anaerobic bacteria were detected in 66% of cases, and gardnerella vaginalis in 59% of cases. lactobacilli were present in 52% of cases, candida in 19%, chlamydia trachomatis in 6% and trichomonas vaginalis in 5%. among the anaerobic bacteria, various strains of bacteroides or fusobacteria were the most common. the positive predi ...	1983	6607523
phagocytosis and killing of neisseria gonorrhoeae by trichomonas vaginalis.	type 2 and 4 transparent and opaque neisseria gonorrhoeae demonstrated a logarithmic loss of viability with a half life of approximately 10-30 min when incubated in the presence of trichomonas vaginalis. although this effect was observed in the absence of serum for most types of gonococci tested, it was consistently enhanced by the addition of human serum. only for type 4 transparent gonococci did this process show an absolute serum requirement. cytochalasin b inhibited the loss of viability. th ...	1983	6401789
[bacteriologic study of urethritis].		1983	6404989
microbiology of vaginal discharge in nairobi, kenya.	among women attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic in nairobi with vaginal discharge, neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis were isolated from the cervix in 32 (26%) of 122 and four (7%) of 58 women respectively. infection with trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans, gardnerella vaginalis, and mycoplasma spp were diagnosed in 42 of 122 (34%), 26 of 110 (24%), 75 of 100 (75%), and 42 of 89 (47%) women respectively. mixed infections with at least two pathogens were found ...	1983	6405973
evaluation of two serological tests for trichomonas vaginalis infection.	trichomonas vaginalis is a widely prevalent, sexually transmitted protozoan infecting both males and females. despite its prevalence, little is known about its contribution to the morbidity rates for urogenital-tract infections. currently accepted diagnostic methods are limited to the demonstration of the organism in fresh material, identification in stained material, or in vitro cultivation of organisms from the urogenital tract. we have evaluated the indirect hemagglutination test and the gel ...	1983	6408119
infection of female squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) with trichomonas vaginalis as a model of trichomoniasis in women.	marmosets, tamarins, owl monkeys, and squirrel monkeys were inoculated intravaginally with trichomonas vaginalis. the latter animal species was most susceptible, trichomonads being recovered from four of six monkeys for periods ranging usually up to one month. vaginal discharge was seen in most infected animals but polymorphonuclear leucocytes were rare. infected animals developed serum igg antibody responses and also local igg and iga responses, the latter occurring sometimes on reinoculation i ...	1983	6409346
[the effect of spermicides on physiological and pathogenic genital flora].	in vitro-studies concerning the influence of commercially available spermicides on lactobacillus acidophilus as well as on pathogenic organisms of the genital tract revealed, that the preparations had only weak antimicrobial effect on döderlein's bacteria and pathogenic fungi. however, all four preparations tested, revealed a good inhibition effect on neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum and trichomonas vaginalis. irreversible damage to gonococci and trichomonas vaginalis. irreversible dama ...	1983	6410591
the activity of fexinidazole (hoe 239) against experimental infections with trypanosoma cruzi, trichomonads and entamoeba histolytica.	a new 5-nitroimidazole compound, 1-methyl-2-(4-methylthiophenoxymethyl)-5-nitroimidazole: fexinidazole, hoe 239, was found to be highly active against experimental infections with trypanosoma cruzi, tritrichomonas foetus, trichomonas vaginalis and entamoeba histolytica. it was slightly superior to benznidazole and nifurtimox in suppressing parasitaemia in mice infected with t. cruzi. it also eradicated the parasites from infected mice after a prolonged treatment period. the order of activity of ...	1983	6411009
[chlamydia trachomatis in the urogenital tract of pregnant women].	in two hundred and thirty three prenatal patients from the prenatal clinic of the university of würzburg cervical, vaginal and urethral swabs were taken for microscopic examination and culture for chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis), neisseria gonorrhoeae (n. gonorrhoeae), trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis), beta-hemolytic streptococci, candida species, ureaplasma urealyticum (u. urealyticum), mycoplasma species and facultatively pathogenic and apathogenic aerobic bacteria. in ten cases (4% ...	1983	6411515
micro-counterimmunoelectrophoresis: a rapid screening technique for trypanosomiasis.	a rapid and economical micro-counterimmunoelectrophoresis (mcie) test, for antibody to trypanosome antigens, has been developed which may prove useful in trypanosomiasis surveillance. mcie was more sensitive and more rapid than immunodiffusion (id). serum samples from trypanosome-infected rabbits and cattle (nigerian and gambian), from kuwaiti dogs and camels, from ivory coast sleeping sickness patients, from brazilian patients with chagas's disease, plus mouse-anti-malaria sera have been tested ...	1983	6415874
abc of sexually transmitted diseases. urethral discharge: diagnosis.		1983	6416414
[antimicrobial action of a vaginal solution containing miconazole].		1983	6396580
identification of immunogenic and antibody-binding membrane proteins of pathogenic trichomonas vaginalis.	characterization of immunogenic trichomonas vaginalis membrane proteins was accomplished by using extrinsically and intrinsically labeled organisms and a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoprecipitation procedure. intact motile trichomonads were compared with detergent extracts as a source of antigen in radioimmunoprecipitation experiments. approximately 20 proteins accessible to antibody were identified and ranged in molecular weight from 200,000 to 20,000. localization on the parasite su ...	1983	6339404
an analysis of the proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	the proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis have been analysed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing denatured haemoglobin. seven bands of activity were detected indicating multiple proteinases. all of the enzymes were stimulated by 1 mm dithiothreitol and had inhibitor sensitivities characteristic of cysteine proteinases. the enzymes differed significantly, however, with respect to ph optima and relative sensitivities to inhibitors.	1983	6340036
antigenic analysis of trichomonas vaginalis strains by quantitative fluorescent antibody methods.	clones of 5 trichomonas vaginalis strains, jh30a, jh31a, jh34a, jh162a, and jh384a, kept in liquid nitrogen (with dmso serving as the cryoprotectant) after a few weeks of cultivation in axenic cultures, were analyzed for their antigenic properties by quantitative direct fluorescent antibody methods. measurements of fluorescence of individual cells obtained with the aid of an ultramicrofluorometer indicated that each strain possessed unique antigens as well as antigens it shared with the other st ...	1983	6344477
[relation between chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis in vitro].		1983	6344497
susceptibility of trichomonas vaginalis strains to metronidazole: response to treatment.	the effect of the susceptibility of trichomonas vaginalis strains to metronidazole on response to treatment was determined from minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) for organisms isolated during a clinical trial in which single 1- and 2-g doses of metronidazole were compared. fifty-seven strains were isolated from patients receiving 1 g of metronidazole, and 75 from those receiving 2 g. the mean mic for all strains was 1.50 microgram/ml (range, 0.5-4.5 microgram/ml) and was similar in both g ...	1983	6359490
[cultivation of t. vaginalis using a new medium].		1983	6334886
urine as a specimen for diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases.	the case of specimen collection has led to the suggestion that urine might be a useful specimen for the isolation of sexually transmitted disease agents. it would only be an appropriate specimen for agents that infect the urethra, such as neisseria gonorrhoeae or chlamydia trachomatis. comparative tests have shown that culture of urine for chlamydiae (from men with urethritis) or for gonococci from women is an insensitive procedure. gonococci can be isolated from urine from men at rates essentia ...	1983	6309002
human milk kills parasitic intestinal protozoa.	giardia lamblia, a common pathogenic intestinal parasite of humans, was rapidly killed by exposure to normal human milk in vitro. the killing did not depend on secretory immunoglobulin a. entamoeba histolytica, the dysentery amoeba, was also killed by normal human milk. giardia-cidal activity cochromatographed with an unusual lipase that is present in the milk of humans but not of lower mammals. human milk may play a protective role in infants exposed to this parasite.	1983	6310751
the pathway of arginine catabolism in the parasitic flagellate trichomonas vaginalis.	arginine is rapidly depleted from the medium during the cultivation of t. vaginalis in a defined or semi-defined medium. it is broken down to ornithine, ammonia and carbon dioxide by the three enzymes of the dihydrolase pathway: arginine deiminase, catabolic ornithine carbamyltransferase (octase) and carbamate kinase. arginase and urease as well as citrulline hydrolase appear to be absent. ornithine, a product of the pathway was further converted to putrescine by an active ornithine decarboxylas ...	1983	6312311
hydrogenosomal ferredoxin of the anaerobic protozoon, tritrichomonas foetus.	a low molecular weight iron-sulfur protein has been purified from tritrichomonas foetus by deoxycholate extraction of whole cells, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. the purified protein was essentially homogeneous as judged by isoelectric focusing, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration. a pi of 4.3 was observed. the molecular weight of the protein was estimated to be 12,000. chemical and spectral analysis showed the protein to have a [2fe-2s] cluster. the absorban ...	1983	6313659
trichomonal antibody in male homosexuals.		1983	6132213
the vaginal flora of women in zimbabwe.	high vaginal and cervical swabs were taken from 199 pregnant women and 156 nonpregnant patients attending an std clinic in zimbabwe. trichomonas vaginalis was isolated from 31% of pregnant women and 37% of std patients. the bacterial flora in both groups was similar to that found in women from developed countries except that fecal organisms were more and lactobacilli less commonly isolated. n. gonorrheae was not isolated from any of the pregnant women, but was isolated from 13 of the std pati ...	1983	12340187
[oral contraceptive use and prevalence of infection with chlamydia trachomatis in women (author's transl)].	1080 nonpregnant women ages 16-34 years, presenting for the 1st time at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (std), were examined and screened for infection with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrheae, trichomonas vaginalis, and candida species. the respective prevalence rates were 21.1%, 20.7%, 13.4%, and 27.8%. isolation rates for chlamydia trachomatis, either occurring alone or in association with other genital infections, were significantly greater in women using oral contracept ...	1983	12338679
studies of cervicovaginal smears for the presence of actinomycetes.	cytologic and direct fluorescent antibody techniques were used to detect the presence of actinomyces israelii and arachnia propionica in cervicovaginal smears collected from 100 women, 94 of whom did not use intrauterine contraceptive devices. in no case were these organisms found. the possible significance of these results is discussed.	1983	6195527
intrauterine devices (iuds) and their complications (clinical evaluation of 2013 women with iud in-situ).	iud related events were evaluated at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, hacettepe university in ankara, turkey. the study population included 2213 fertile, healthy women who had an iud in situ. the age range was 17-48 years. all iuds were lippes loop, size c and d, and they were inserted by an experienced physician and nurse on the 5th day of menstruation. the follow-up time was 1 year in 2013 women with iuds. there was no follow-up on 200 women who were excluded from the study. ...	1982	12267258
[detection of trichomonas vaginalis by fluorescent staining technique (author's transl)].		1982	6179722
a rapid method for detection of trichomonas vaginalis.		1982	6181370
metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis.		1982	6119430
association of trichomonas vaginalis with other microorganisms.		1982	6122867
gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes, and vaginal discharge.		1982	6123676
vaginitis in sexually active women: relationship to nine sexually transmitted organisms.	women seen for symptoms suggestive of vulvovaginitis were studied for the detection of mycoplasma hominis. ureaplasma urealyticum, yeast, neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, gardnerella vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, group b beta-hemolytic streptococci, aerobes, anaerobes, and trichomonas vaginalis. asymptomatic women who reported to be sexually active and agreed to undergo comprehensive genital cultures were used as controls. there was a significant association of vulvovaginitis wit ...	1982	6280502
purine metabolism in trichomonas vaginalis.		1982	6282644
host plasma proteins on the surface of pathogenic trichomonas vaginalis.	sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and fluorography and fluorography technology revealed that pathogenic trichomonas vaginalis was able to acquire numerous loosely associated plasma proteins during incubation in normal human plasma. these proteins were readily removed by repeated washing of the parasite in phosphate-buffered saline. plasma proteins avidly bound to the surface of t. vaginalis were also detected using a highly sensitive and specific agglutination assay with protein a-beari ...	1982	6288571
sexually transmitted diseases in pregnancy.	numerous sexually transmitted diseases--syphilis, gonococcal infections, group b beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, chlamydial infections, mycoplasmas, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus infections, hepatitis b viral infections, fungal infection, trichomonas vaginalis, condylomata acuminata, and scabies--are of concern when they occur during pregnancy, either because of their potential adverse effects on the fetus or the chance of a modified reaction in the pregnant woman. this article ...	1982	6293753