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genomic distribution of quantitative trait loci for yield and yield-related traits in common wheat.a major objective of quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies is to find genes/markers that can be used in breeding programs via marker assisted selection (mas). we surveyed the qtls for yield and yield-related traits and their genomic distributions in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the available published reports. we then carried out a meta-qtl (mqtl) analysis to identify the major and consistent qtls for these traits. in total, 55 mqtls were identified, of which 12 significant mqtls were ...201020977657
new insights into the organization, recombination, expression and functional mechanism of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat.the bread-making quality of wheat is strongly influenced by multiple low molecular weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) proteins expressed in the seeds. however, the organization, recombination and expression of lmw-gs genes and their functional mechanism in bread-making are not well understood. here we report a systematic molecular analysis of lmw-gs genes located at the orthologous glu-3 loci (glu-a3, b3 and d3) of bread wheat using complementary approaches (genome wide characterization of gene me ...201020975830
production of wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica chromosome addition lines.psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 14; n(h)n(h)) is an endangered wheat-related species, with a distribution in the huashan region of central china. it has many agronomically promising characters including resistance to disease and drought and winter hardiness. we produced hybrids between common wheat as the female parent and p. huashanica as the male parent. from the offspring, we selected chromosome addition lines of common wheat carrying each of all seven chromosomes of p. huashanica. four ...201021178308
heavy metal accumulation in soil amended with roadside pond sediment and uptake by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. pbw 343).the risks of heavy metal accumulation and the dynamics related to roadside pond sediment application in comparison to control of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated in field experiments. selective sequential extraction procedures revealed that application of pond sediment in soil increases the labile pools of the studied heavy metals (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, and zn). risk assessment codes concluded that cu and pb were in the high-risk zone in both pond sediment and soil amended wit ...201021170482
characterization of a partial wheat-thinopyrum intermedium amphiploid and its reaction to fungal diseases of wheat.partial amphiploids between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and thinopyrum species play an important role in the transfer and use of traits from alien species. a wheat-thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid, tai8335, and its alien parent were characterized by a combination of genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and cytological observations. evidence from gish indicated that the donor parent th. intermedium possessed seven pairs of s, seven j(s) and 21 j chromosomes. mitotic observation showed t ...201021166800
comparison of organic and inorganic amendments for enhancing soil lead phytoextraction by wheat (triticum aestivum l.).phytoextraction has received increasing attention as a promising, cost-effective alternative to conventional engineering-based remediation methods for metal contaminated soils. in order to enhance the phytoremediative ability of green plants chelating agents are commonly used. our study aims to evaluate whether, citric acid (ca) or elemental sulfur (s) should be used as an alternative to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta)for chemically enhanced phytoextraction. results showed that edta ...201021166273
random chromosome elimination in synthetic triticum-aegilops amphiploids leads to development of a stable partial amphiploid with high grain micro- and macronutrient content and powdery mildew resistance.synthetic amphiploids are the immortal sources for studies on crop evolution, genome dissection, and introgression of useful variability from related species. cytological analysis of synthetic decaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) - aegilops kotschyi boiss. amphiploids (aabbddukuksksk) showed some univalents from the c1 generation onward followed by chromosome elimination. most of the univalents came to metaphase i plate after the reductional division of paired chromosomes and underwent equatio ...201021164538
stability of some quality traits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genotypes.this study was carried out in order to determine some quality traits such as thousand grain weight (tgw), hectoliter weight (hw), grain protein content (gpc), zeleny sedimentation volume (zsv) and stability of quality traits of 25 bread wheat genotypes. the experiment was conducted at seven environmental conditions during 2 growing periods (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) using randomized complete block design with four replicates. the anova showed that out of the total sum of squares, 48.4, 28.0 and 2 ...201021186725
population- and genome-specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium and snp variation in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are ideally suited for the construction of high-resolution genetic maps, studying population evolutionary history and performing genome-wide association mapping experiments. here, we used a genome-wide set of 1536 snps to study linkage disequilibrium (ld) and population structure in a panel of 478 spring and winter wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum) from 17 populations across the united states and mexico.201021190581
storage products and transcriptional analysis of the endosperm of cultivated wheat and two wild wheat species.the starch and protein in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm provide 20 percent of the calories eaten by humans and were heavily selected for during domestication. we examined the main storage products and gene expression patterns that may embody compositional differences between two wild species aegilops crassa and aegilops tauschii and cultivated bread wheat. the storage product profiles differed significantly with t. aestivum accumulating twice as much carbon as the wild species, while th ...201021063061
qtl mapping of 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).kernel size and morphology influence the market value and milling yield of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling kernel traits in hexaploid wheat. we recorded 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width for 185 recombinant inbred lines from the cross rye selection 111 × chinese spring grown in 2 agro-climatic regions in india for many years. composite interval mapping (cim) was employed for qtl det ...201021063060
characterization of ω-secalin genes from rye, triticale, and a wheat 1bl/1rs translocation line.sixty-two dna sequences for the coding regions of omega-secalin (ω-secalin) genes have been characterized from rye (secale cereale l.), hexaploid and octoploid triticale (× triticosecale wittmack), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) 1bl/1rs translocation line. only 19 out of the 62 ω-secalin gene sequences were full-length open reading frames (orfs), which can be expressed into functional proteins. the other 43 dna sequences were pseudogenes, as their orfs were interrupted by one or a few stop cod ...201021063058
development of chromosome-specific bac resources for genomics of bread wheat.the large bread wheat genome (1c approximately 17 gbp) contains a preponderance of repetitive dna and the species is polyploid. these characteristics together serve to hamper the molecular analysis of the wheat genome. its complexity can, however, be reduced by using flow cytometry to isolate individual chromosomes, and these can be exploited to construct chromosome-specific bac libraries. such libraries simplify the task of physical map construction, positional cloning and the targeted developm ...201020501977
a method to produce radiation hybrids for the d-genome chromosomes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).radiation hybrid (rh) mapping is based on radiation-induced chromosome breakage rather than meiotic recombination, as a means to induce marker segregation for mapping. to date, the implementation of this mapping approach in hexaploid (triticum aestivum l.; 2n = 6x = 42; aabbdd) and tetraploid (t. turgidum l.; 2n = 4x = 28; aabb) wheat has concentrated on the production of mapping panels for individual chromosomes. in order to extend the usefulness of this approach, we have devised a method to pr ...201020501975
low red/far-red ratios delay spike and stem growth in wheat.the responses to low red light/far-red light (r/fr) ratios simulating dense stands were evaluated in wheat (triticum aestivum l) cultivars released at different times in the 20th century and consequently resulting from an increasingly prolonged breeding and selection history. while tillering responses to the r/fr ratio were unaffected by the cultivars, low r/fr ratios reduced grain yield per plant (primarily grain number and secondarily grain weight per plant) particularly in modern cultivars. l ...201020497971
genetic dissection of the developmental behaviours of plant height in wheat under diverse water regimes.plant height (ph), a crucial trait related to yield potential in crop plants, is known to be typically quantitatively inherited. however, its full expression can be inhibited by a limited water supply. in this study, the genetic basis of the developmental behaviour of ph was assessed in a 150-line wheat (triticum aestivum l.) doubled haploid population (hanxuan 10 x lumai 14) grown in 10 environments (year x site x water regime combinations) by unconditional and conditional quantitative trait lo ...201020497970
development of genome-specific primers for homoeologous genes in allopolyploid species: the waxy and starch synthase ii genes in allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as examples.in allopolypoid crops, homoeologous genes in different genomes exhibit a very high sequence similarity, especially in the coding regions of genes. this makes it difficult to design genome-specific primers to amplify individual genes from different genomes. development of genome-specific primers for agronomically important genes in allopolypoid crops is very important and useful not only for the study of sequence diversity and association mapping of genes in natural populations, but also for the ...201020497560
a myb gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is up-regulated during salt and drought stresses and differentially regulated between salt-tolerant and sensitive genotypes.crop adaptation to abiotic stresses requires alterations in expression of a large number of stress protection genes and their regulators, including transcription factors. in this study, the expression levels of ten myb transcription factor genes from wheat (triticum aestivum) were examined in two recombinant inbred lines contrasting in their salt tolerance in response to salt or drought stress. quantitative rt-pcr analysis revealed that four myb genes were consistently up-regulated in the seedli ...201020490502
sodium exclusion qtl associated with improved seedling growth in bread wheat under salinity stress.worldwide, dryland salinity is a major limitation to crop production. breeding for salinity tolerance could be an effective way of improving yield and yield stability on saline-sodic soils of dryland agriculture. however, this requires a good understanding of inheritance of this quantitative trait. in the present study, a doubled-haploid bread wheat population (berkut/krichauff) was grown in supported hydroponics to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with salinity tolerance traits ...201020490443
extraction and proteome analysis of starch granule-associated proteins in mature wheat kernel (triticum aestivum l.).starch consists of the two glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin, and is deposited as semicrystalline granules inside plastids. the starch granule proteome is particularly challenging to study due to the amount of interfering compounds (sugars, storage proteins), the very low starch granule-associated protein content and also the dynamic range of abundant proteins. here we present the protocol for extraction and 2-de of wheat starch granule-associated proteins whose most important steps are: ...201020481496
analysis of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) harboring a maize (zea mays l.) gene for plastid ef-tu: segregation pattern, expression and effects of the transgene.we previously reported that transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) carrying a maize (zea mays l.) gene (zmeftu1) for chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, displays reduced thermal aggregation of leaf proteins, reduced injury to photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids), and enhanced rate of co(2) fixation following exposure to heat stress (18 h at 45 degrees c) [fu et al. in plant mol biol 68:277-288, 2008]. in the current study, we investigated the segregation pattern and express ...201020306118
selected carbohydrate metabolism genes show coincident expression peaks in grains of in vitro-cultured immature spikes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).an in vitro culture system is useful to study grain development under defined conditions to minimize confounding effects associated with whole plant studies and metabolite movement into the developing grains. the objective of this study was to monitor the expression patterns of carbohydrate metabolism genes during grain development in an in vitro wheat spike culture system. immature spikes were cultured prior to anthesis, and grains were collected at various days postanthesis (dpa). grains from ...201020235533
simulation of wheat growth and development based on organ-level photosynthesis and assimilate allocation.intimate relationships exist between form and function of plants, determining many processes governing their growth and development. however, in most crop simulation models that have been created to simulate plant growth and, for example, predict biomass production, plant structure has been neglected. in this study, a detailed simulation model of growth and development of spring wheat (triticum aestivum) is presented, which integrates degree of tillering and canopy architecture with organ-level ...201020231326
biosorption of heavy metal ions using wheat based biosorbents--a review of the recent literature.conventional technologies for the removal/remediation of toxic metal ions from wastewaters are proving expensive due to non-regenerable materials used and high costs. biosorption is emerging as a technique offering the use of economical alternate biological materials for the purpose. functional groups like carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulphydryl and amido present in these biomaterials, make it possible for them to attach metal ions from waters. every year, large amounts of straw and bran from triticum ae ...201020223652
non-coding small rnas responsive to abiotic stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).plant small rnas are emerging as significant components of epigenetic processes and of gene networks involved in development and homeostasis. in this paper, to identify small rnas in wheat, 2,076 small rnas were identified in a small rna library from leaf, root, and spike. these small rnas mapped to non-coding regions the cds region of protein-coding genes and 5' utr and 3' utr regions. the expression of small rnas in seedling leaves, roots, and spikes were analyzed by northern blot, which indic ...201020217168
acaricidal effect of different diatomaceous earth formulations against tyrophagus putrescentiae (astigmata: acaridae) on stored wheat.laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effect of different diatomaceous earth (de) formulations against adults and immature stages of the stored-product mite species tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank). five de formulations were used in the tests: silicosec, pyrisec, insecto, protect-it, and dea-p. the tests were conducted at 25 degrees c and 75% rh, on wheat, triticum aestivum l., treated with des at two dose rates, 0.2 and 0.5 g/kg. the mortality of mite individuals was measured af ...201020214386
nitrogen supply and cyanide concentration influence the enrichment of nitrogen from cyanide in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.).cyanide assimilation by the beta-cyanoalanine pathway produces asparagine, aspartate and ammonium, allowing cyanide to serve as alternate or supplemental source of nitrogen. experiments with wheat and sorghum examined the enrichment of (15)n from cyanide as a function of external cyanide concentration in the presence or absence of nitrate and/or ammonium. cyanogenic nitrogen became enriched in plant tissues following exposure to (15)n-cyanide concentrations from 5 to 200 microm, but when exposur ...201020199620
characterization of photosystem ii heterogeneity in response to high salt stress in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).the effect of high salt stress on ps ii heterogeneity was investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. on the basis of antenna size, ps ii has been classified into three forms, i.e., α, β, and γ centers while on the basis of electron transport properties of the reducing side of the reaction centers, two distinct forms of ps ii have been suggested, i.e., q(b) reducing centers and q(b) non-reducing centers. the chlorophyll a (chl a) fluorescence transients, which can quantify ps ii behavior, ...201020730564
the ectopic expression of the wheat puroindoline genes increase germ size and seed oil content in transgenic corn.plant oil content and composition improvement is a major goal of plant breeding and biotechnology. the puroindoline a and b (pina and pinb) proteins together control whether wheat seeds are soft or hard textured and share a similar structure to that of plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins. here we transformed corn (zea mays l.) with the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) puroindoline genes (pina and pinb) to assess their effects upon seed oil content and quality. pina and pinb coding sequences w ...201020725765
molecular characterization of the sasanda ltr copia retrotransposon family uncovers their recent amplification in triticum aestivum (l.) genome.retrotransposons constitute a major proportion of the triticeae genomes. genome-scale studies have revealed their role in evolution affecting both genome structure and function and their potential for the development of novel markers. in this study, family members of an ltr copia retrotransposon which mediated the duplication of the gene encoding the high molecular weight glutenin subunit bx7 in cultivar glenlea were characterized. this novel element was named sasanda_eu157184-1 (trep3516). high ...201020127492
tanf-yc11, one of the light-upregulated nf-yc members in triticum aestivum, is co-regulated with photosynthesis-related genes.nuclear factor y (nf-y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor complex. each of the nf-y subunits (nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc) in plants is encoded by multiple genes. quantitative rt-pcr analysis revealed that five wheat nf-yc members (tanf-yc5, 8, 9, 11 and 12) were upregulated by light in both the leaf and seedling shoot. co-expression analysis of affymetrix wheat genome array datasets revealed that transcript levels of a large number of genes were consistently correlated with those of the tanf- ...201020111976
[role of lipoxygenase in the determination of wheat grain quality].analysis of the correlation between endogenous lipoxygenase activity and 15 wheat grain quality parameters in three bread wheat populations has shown that enzyme activity influences the weight of 1000 grains, dough deformation energy, dough tenacity, and mixing properties. the correlations between the enzyme activity and the basic quality parameters are negative at high activity levels. the optimum values of specific lipoxygenase activity at which all quality parameters studied have the maximum ...201020198925
toxic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plant.toxic effects of different concentrations (0.1-200mgl(-1)) of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) on wheat (triticumaestivum l.) were investigated using the growing and developmental indexes of wheat, including length and biomass of roots and leaves, chlorophyll, soluble protein, peroxidase (pod), superoxide dismutase (sod) in the seedlings and permeability of root cells. the results showed that pfos had significant (p<0.05) effects on the growth of wheat seedlings under the experimental conditions ...201020193959
application of hansch's model to capsaicinoids and capsinoids: a study using the quantitative structure-activity relationship. a novel method for the synthesis of capsinoids.we describe a synthetic approach for two families of compounds, the capsaicinoids and capsinoids, as part of a study of the quantitative relationship between structure and activity. a total of 14 capsaicinoids of increasing lateral chain lengths, from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, were synthesized. in addition, 14 capsinoids with identical lateral chains, as well as capsiate and dihydrocapsiate, have been synthesized, and a new method for the synthesis of these compounds has been developed. the yields r ...201020178388
[inheritance analysis of resistant starch content in kernels of wheat].in this study, three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with high and low levels of resistant starch contents each were selected to obtain 15 f1 combinations from a diallel cross without reciprocals to be used to study the inheritance of resistant starch content. the results of this study are useful to select new wheat cultivar with high level of resistant starch content. annong 90202 and d68-20 were the best among the wheat cultivars tested for general combining ability of resistant starch ...201020176562
feasibility of physical map construction from fingerprinted bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of polyploid plant species.the presence of closely related genomes in polyploid species makes the assembly of total genomic sequence from shotgun sequence reads produced by the current sequencing platforms exceedingly difficult, if not impossible. genomes of polyploid species could be sequenced following the ordered-clone sequencing approach employing contigs of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones and bac-based physical maps. although bac contigs can currently be constructed for virtually any diploid organism wit ...201020170511
structural investigations on arabinogalactan-protein from wheat, isolated with yariv reagent.for the first time a pure arabinogalactan-protein (agp) could be isolated from whole grain of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) by performing a double precipitation with beta-glucosyl yariv reagent. the putative bioactive agp has been characterized with regard to its polysaccharide and protein parts. analytical investigations by glc-ms and (13)c nmr revealed a carbohydrate moiety consisting of a 1,3-galp backbone, linked in position 6 to short 1,6-galp-chains, terminating in araf. in the protein par ...201020163180
evolution of flowering time in experimental wheat populations: a comprehensive approach to detect genetic signatures of natural selection.in annual plant species, flowering time is a major adaptive trait that synchronizes the initiation of reproduction with favorable environmental conditions. here, we aimed at studying the evolution of flowering time in three experimental populations of bread wheat, grown in contrasting environments (northern to southern france) for 12 generations. by comparing the distribution of phenotypic and presumably neutral variation, we first showed that flowering time responded to selection during the 12 ...201020148950
characterization and comparative analysis of wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits by sds-page, rp-hplc, hpce, and maldi-tof-ms.high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) from 60 germplasms including 30 common wheat cultivars and 30 related species were separated and characterized by a suite of separation methods including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), high-performance capillary electrophoresis (hpce), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms). comparative an ...201020146422
molecular characterization of novel low-molecular-weight glutenin genes in aegilops longissima.extensive genetic variations of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) and their coding genes were found in the wild diploid a- and d-genome donors of common wheat. in this study, we reported the isolation and characterization of 8 novel lmw-gs genes from ae.longissima schweinf. & muschl., a species of the section sitopsis of the genus aegilops, which is closely related to the b genome of common wheat. based on the n-terminal domain sequences, the 8 genes were divided into 3 groups. a c ...201020145295
marker-assisted characterization of durum wheat langdon-golden ball disomic substitution lines.the durum wheat cultivar 'golden ball' (gb) is a source of resistance to wheat sawfly due to its superior solid stem. in the late 1980s, dr. leonard joppa developed a complete set of 14 'langdon' (ldn)-gb disomic substitution (ds) lines by using gb as the chromosome donor and ldn as the recipient. however, these substitution lines have not been previously characterized and reported in the literature. the objectives of this study were to confirm the authenticity of the substituted chromosomes and ...201020140662
gst profile expression study in some selected plants: in silico approach.glutathione acts as a protein disulphide reductant, which detoxifies herbicides by conjugation, either spontaneously or by the activity of one of a number of glutathione-s-transferases (gsts), and regulates gene expression in response to environmental stress and pathogen attack. gsts play roles in both normal cellular metabolisms as well as in the detoxification of a wide variety of xenobiotic compounds, and they have been intensively studied with regard to herbicide detoxification in plants. a ...201020135200
wheat (triticum aestivum l.) response to a zinc fertilizer applied as zinc lignosulfonate adhered to a npk fertilizer.the efficacy as zn fertilizers for wheat of zinc lignosulfonate (znls) products adhered to npk was evaluated by three plant experimental designs. in the first and second assays, wheat plants were grown under controlled conditions with perlite and a calcareous soil as substrate, respectively. shoot dry matter and zn concentration showed that npk + znls was a better zn source for wheat than npk + znso(4) under our experimental conditions. a third experiment was conducted under field conditions on ...201020527916
integrative study on proteomics, molecular physiology, and genetics reveals an accumulation of cyclophilin-like protein, tacyp20-2, leading to an increase of rht protein and dwarf in a novel ga-insensitive mutant (gaid) in wheat.dwarfism with a "green revolution" phenotype is a desirable agronomic trait for crop cultivators as associated with increased yield, improved lodging resistance and higher fertility. few dwarf mutants of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), except for rht-b1 and rht-d1, have been identified. here, we report on a novel dwarf natural wheat mutant, which is identified as a gibberellic acid (ga)-insensitive dwarf (gaid) mutant for its semidominant blocking ga signaling pathway. physiological and mor ...201020527814
molecular markers show a complex mosaic pattern of wheat-thinopyrum intermedium translocations carrying resistance to ydv.thinopyrum intermedium translocations derived from the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) substitution line p-29 were previously characterized by rflp. we have further analyzed these lines and additional related germplasm with publicly available sts and ssrs. primers which showed a polymorphism between wheat and p-29, were tested in all recombinant and nulli-tetrasomic lines confirming their position on chromosome 7d. the resulting 7d/7e chromosome maps appeared as a mosaic of wheat and th. intermediu ...201020526575
the protein disulfide isomerase gene family in bread wheat (t. aestivum l.).the protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) gene family encodes several pdi and pdi-like proteins containing thioredoxin domains and controlling diversified metabolic functions, including disulfide bond formation and isomerisation during protein folding. genomic, cdna and promoter sequences of the three homologous wheat genes encoding the "typical" pdi had been cloned and characterized in a previous work. the purpose of present research was the cloning and characterization of the complete set of genes ...201020525253
polyphenol content of modern and old varieties of triticum aestivum l. and t. durum desf. grains in two years of production.antiradical activity and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of modern and old varieties of durum (9 varieties) and soft (17 varieties) wheat grains, sampled over two years (summer 2007 and 2008) in the same site, were determined in order to point out differences among varieties and between old and modern varieties. nine compounds were identified by means of hplc/ms, and their amount was determined. no correlation was found between antiradical activity and polyphenol or flavonoid contents. t ...201020509660
biodegradation of green he4b: co-substrate effect, biotransformation enzymes and metabolite toxicity analysis.a high exhaust reactive dye, green he4b (ghe4b) was 98% degraded in nutrient medium by pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112 (pd2112) within 72 h at static condition. decolorization time in synthetic 10 g/l molasses. addition of 5 g/l peptone to nacl medium had reduced decolorization time from 108 to 72 h. beef extract do not contribute more to the inducing effect of peptone, however it is a good co-substrate in sucrose or urea containing nacl medium. intracellular lignin peroxidase (lip), laccase ...201023100822
wheat beta-expansin (expb11) genes: identification of the expressed gene on chromosome 3bs carrying a pollen allergen domain.expansins form a large multi-gene family found in wheat and other cereal genomes that are involved in the expansion of cell walls as a tissue grows. the expansin family can be divided up into two main groups, namely, alpha-expansin (expa) and beta-expansin proteins (expb), with the expb group being of particular interest as group 1-pollen allergens.201020507562
physical mapping of a large plant genome using global high-information-content-fingerprinting: the distal region of the wheat ancestor aegilops tauschii chromosome 3ds.physical maps employing libraries of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones are essential for comparative genomics and sequencing of large and repetitive genomes such as those of the hexaploid bread wheat. the diploid ancestor of the d-genome of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), aegilops tauschii, is used as a resource for wheat genomics. the barley diploid genome also provides a good model for the triticeae and t. aestivum since it is only slightly larger than the ancestor wheat d geno ...201020553621
an introgression on wheat chromosome 4dl in rl6077 (thatcher*6/pi 250413) confers adult plant resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust (lr67).adult plant resistance (apr) to leaf rust and stripe rust derived from the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) line pi250413 was previously identified in rl6077 (=thatcher*6/pi250413). the leaf rust resistance gene in rl6077 is phenotypically similar to lr34 which is located on chromosome 7d. it was previously hypothesized that the gene in rl6077 could be lr34 translocated to another chromosome. hybrids between rl6077 and thatcher and between rl6077 and 7ds and 7dl ditelocentric stocks were examined fo ...201020552325
a cytological map of the short arm of rye chromosome 1r constructed with 1r dissection stocks of common wheat and pcr-based markers.the short arm of rye chromosome 1r (1rs) is introduced into many common wheat cultivars because of its agronomic importance. the gametocidal system has been used to produce dissection lines carrying segments of rye chromosome 1r. we focused on establishing more dissection lines for 1rs and on obtaining pcr-based markers specific to 1rs. we established 66 1rs dissection lines carrying 1rs segments of chromosome 1r derived from a common wheat cultivar 'burgas 2' and obtained 27 markers. we conduct ...201020551617
a comparative analysis of chromosome pairing at metaphase i in interspecific hybrids between durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) and the most widespread aegilops species.homoeologous metaphase i (mi) associations in hybrids between durum wheat and its wild allotetraploid relatives aegilops neglecta, ae. triuncialis and ae. ventricosa have been characterized by a genomic in situ hybridization procedure that allows simultaneous discrimination of a, b and wild species genomes. earlier results in equivalent hybrids with the wild species ae. cylindrica and ae. geniculata have also been considered to comparatively assay the mi pairing pattern of the durum wheat x aegi ...201020551603
molecular and cytological characterization of an extra acrocentric chromosome that restores male fertility of wheat in the msh1 cms system.a new cms system designated as 'msh1' has been reported in bread wheat using the cytoplasm of h. chilense. while testing this system in different wheat backgrounds, a highly fertile line with chromosome number 42 plus an extra acrocentric chromosome was obtained. the extra chromosome did not pair with any wheat chromosome at meiosis, and progeny from this line which lack the acrocentric chromosome showed pollen abortion and male sterility. in order to establish the origin of this chromosome, fis ...201020549484
temporal and spatial changes in cell wall composition in developing grains of wheat cv. hereward.a combination of enzyme mapping, ft-ir microscopy and nmr spectroscopy was used to study temporal and spatial aspects of endosperm cell wall synthesis and deposition in developing grain of bread wheat cv. hereward. this confirmed previous reports that changes in the proportions of the two major groups of cell wall polysaccharides occur, with beta-glucan accumulating earlier in development than arabinoxylan. changes in the structure of the arabinoxylan occurred, with decreased proportions of disu ...201020549231
[analysis of spike productivity traits in near-isogenic lines of the common wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29 carrying alien marker genes].six near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29 carrying five marker genes from different species (triticum compactum l., t. polonicum l., t. petropavlovskyi udacz. et migusch., aegilops elongatum host. and secale cereale l.) were studied. it was shown that the introduced marker genes of taxonomic significance, c and p, have strong pleiotropic effects on quantitative traits of the spike productivity.201020536017
[chromosomal location of specific and nonspecific components of polygenic resistance to brown rust in common wheat].the genetic nature of polygenic resistance of common wheat to a causative agent of brown rust was studied. it was established, using ditelosomic lines (dt) of the cultivar chinese spring, that the majority of examined chromosome arms participate in differential interactions with the pathogen during formation of basic traits of polygenic resistance: the number of pustules (np) per 1 cm2 of leaf area, the mean spore formation ability of pustule (msfap), the mean spore formation ability of fungus p ...201020536016
genetic relationships between resistances to fusarium head blight and crown rot in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fusarium head blight (fhb) and crown rot (cr) are two wheat diseases caused by the same fusarium pathogens. progress towards cr resistance could benefit from fhb-resistant germplasm if the same genes are involved in resistance to these two different diseases. two independent studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between host resistances to these two diseases. in the first study 32 genotypes were assessed and no significant correlation between their reactions to fhb and cr was de ...201020535443
genome structure of introgressive lines triticum aestivum/aegilops sharonensis.the lines triticum aestivum/aegilops sharonensis were explored in regard to the presence of introgressions in the line genomes, their amount and belonging to definite homoeologic group. the results of studying of chromosome associations in m1 of pollen mother celles in the hybrids between the lines with each other and with recurrent common wheat genotype avrora were compared with the data of the line assessment for the chromosomal biochemical and morphological markers. 26 lines were distinguishe ...201020458978
molecular cytogenetic evaluation of chromosome instability in triticum aestivum-secale cereale disomic addition lines.the genetic stability of wheat/rye ('chinese spring'/'imperial') disomic addition lines was checked using the feulgen method and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). feulgen staining detected varying proportions of disomic, monosomic, and telosomic plants among the progenies of the disomic addition lines. the greatest stability was observed for the 7r addition line, while the most unstable lines were those with 2r and 4r additions. chromosome rearrangements were also detected using fish. ba ...201020453302
transfer to wheat (triticum aestivum) of small chromosome segments from rye (secale cereale) carrying disease resistance genes.one hundred wheat lines, derived from monosomic additions of chromosome 1r of rye inbred line r12 (chinese rye), were detected by pcr amplification using rye-specific primer pairs. only 5 wheat lines, 1r296, 1r330, 1r314, 1r725, and 1r734, were determined to contain rye chromatin. while 1r296 and 1r330 were highly susceptible to stripe rust and powdery mildew, 1r314, 1r725 and 1r734 were highly resistant to both diseases. acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the omega-secalin band ...201020453298
dosage effect of the short arm of chromosome 1 of rye on root morphology and anatomy in bread wheat.the spontaneous translocation of the short arm of chromosome 1 of rye (1rs) in bread wheat is associated with higher root biomass and grain yield. recent studies have confirmed the presence of qtl for different root morphological traits on the 1rs arm in bread wheat. this study was conducted to address two questions in wheat root genetics. first, does the presence of the 1rs arm in bread wheat affect its root anatomy? second, how does root morphology and anatomy of bread wheat respond to differe ...201020444906
reaction of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars to infection with fusarium spp.: mycotoxin contamination in grain and chaff.this study compares the susceptibility of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars to fusarium head blight (fhb) and accumulation of mycotoxins in kernels and chaff under different climatic conditions in two locations-cerekwica near poznan (central west poland) and sitaniec, near zamosc, lublin region (south east poland). very high variations were found in the concentrations of mycotoxins (zearalenone, zea; nivalenol, niv; deoxynivalenol, don; moniliformin, mon) in examined fractions: fusar ...201020432094
photosynthesis and yield reductions from wheat stem sawfly (hymenoptera: cephidae): interactions with wheat solidness, water stress, and phosphorus deficiency.the impact of herbivory on plants is variable and influenced by several factors. the current study examined causes of variation in the impact of larval stem mining by the wheat stem sawfly, cephus cinctus norton (hymenoptera: cephidae), on spring wheat, triticum aestivum l. we performed greenhouse experiments over 2 yr to (1) study whether biotic (hollow versus solid stemmed host wheat) and abiotic (water, phosphorus stress) factors interact with c. cinctus stem mining to influence degree of min ...201020429469
molecular mapping of the suppressor gene igc1 to the gametocidal gene gc3-c1 in common wheat.several species of the genus aegilops, wild relatives of wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) carry gametocidal (gc) genes. gc genes kill the gametes without themselves by causing chromosomal breakage during post-meiotic cell divisions, and therefore are strong segregation distorters. the gc gene gc3-c1 derived from chromosome 3c of ae. triuncialis (2n = 4x = 28, ccuu) induces chromosomal breakage in wheat cultivar 'chinese spring' (cs) but not in cultivar 'norin 26' (n26). this culti ...201020410664
dissection of barley chromosome 4h in common wheat by the gametocidal system and cytological mapping of chromosome 4h with est markers.we used two gametocidal (gc) chromosomes 2c and 3c(sat) to dissect barley chromosome 4h added to common wheat. the gc chromosome induced chromosomal structural rearrangements in the progeny of the 4h addition line of common wheat carrying the monosomic gc chromosome. we conducted in situ hybridization to select plants carrying rearranged 4h chromosomes and characterized the rearranged chromosomes by sequential c-banding and in situ hybridization. we established 60 dissection lines of common whea ...201020410662
two-stage hydrothermal processing of wheat (triticum aestivum) bran for the production of feruloylated arabinoxylooligosaccharides.two-stage hydrothermal processing was employed to obtain feruloylated arabinoxylooligosaccharides (axos) from wheat bran. first, wheat bran in water (10% w/w solids) was heated to 130 degrees c, releasing 36.3% of total solids, 70.3% of starch, and 6.06% of pentose sugars. wheat bran was then heated to 170-220 degrees c. heating to 200 and 210 degrees c released the most axos (70% of the insoluble arabinoxylan) and esterified ferulate (30% of the initial ferulic acid). treatment of 200 degrees c ...201020408584
molecular markers based on ltr retrotransposons bare-1 and jeli uncover different strata of evolutionary relationships in diploid wheats.molecular markers based on retrotransposon insertions are widely used for various applications including phylogenetic analysis. multiple cases were described where retrotransposon-based markers, namely sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (ssap), were superior to other marker types in resolving the phylogenetic relationships due to their higher variability and informativeness. however, the patterns of evolutionary relationships revealed by ssap may be dependent on the underlying retrotra ...201020407790
effects of soil polycyclic musk and cadmium on pollutant uptake and biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum).the single and joint toxicological effects of ahtn and cadmium (cd) on early developmental stages of wheat, including ahtn and cd uptake, chlorophyll (chl), malondialdehyde (mda), superoxide dismutase (sod), and peroxidase (pod) contents in the seedlings, were investigated. uptake of ahtn or cd by seedlings increased with an increase in the concentrations of ahtn and cd in soil. the presence of cd inhibited the uptake of ahtn in wheat seedlings, while the low concentration of ahtn could induce t ...201020396873
effect of different iron compounds on wheat and gluten-free breads.iron fortification of bread often results in sub-optimal quality of the final product due to undesirable changes in the physical characteristics and sensory properties of the bread. in this study both the form of iron (soluble, insoluble or encapsulated) and the type of bread (wheat or gluten-free) were varied in order to investigate the effect of iron and gluten on the product characteristics.201020393994
[effects of long-term ozone exposure on chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange of winter-wheat leaves].in order to provide basis for evaluating the effects of air pollutant such as o3 on crops yield and food security, the effects of o3 fumigation (ambient air, ck; 100 nl x l(-1), t1; 150 nl x l(-1), t2) on chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange of a field-grown winter-wheat (triticum aestivum l. yang mai 13) in different growing period were conducted via open-top chamber technique in conjunction with diving-pam fluorometer and lc pro + photosynthesis system. results indicated that fv/fm caus ...201020391720
evolution of domesticated bread wheat. 201020382836
a genetic framework for grain size and shape variation in wheat.grain morphology in wheat (triticum aestivum) has been selected and manipulated even in very early agrarian societies and remains a major breeding target. we undertook a large-scale quantitative analysis to determine the genetic basis of the phenotypic diversity in wheat grain morphology. a high-throughput method was used to capture grain size and shape variation in multiple mapping populations, elite varieties, and a broad collection of ancestral wheat species. this analysis reveals that grain ...201020363770
wheat (triticum aestivum) peptide (s) mimic gibberellin action and regulate stomatal opening.wheat peptides (0.5 to 3 kda m(r)) mimick hormonal activity like that of gibberellins and forced open dark closed stomata. the deionized amphoteric peptides solution after passing through cation and anion exchanger resins was run through amicon's ultrafilters, 10, 3 and 0.5 kda (m(r)) cut off system. the 3 to 0.5 kda fraction passed through sephadex lh-20 column and collected in 140 tubes (5 ml in each tube). the two fractions f 9 (91-100 tubes) and f 12 (121-130) were found much active on stoma ...201020358870
nitrate modifies the assimilation pattern of ammonium and urea in wheat seedlings.in certain plant species, ammonium or urea nutrition can cause negative effects on plant development which can result in toxic symptoms. some authors suggest that the presence of nitrate can alleviate these symptoms by increasing ammonium and urea assimilation, avoiding its accumulation. in order to study this hypothesis, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were grown with various nitrogen supplies containing the main nitrogen forms (ammonium, nitrate and urea). amino acids content and the ac ...201020355054
further mapping of quantitative trait loci for female sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).epistasis underlying fertility plays an important role in crop breeding. although a new female sterile mutant in wheat, xnd126, has been identified and a major quantitative trait locus (qtl), taf1, for the female sterility has been mapped, the genetic architecture of the female sterility needs to be further addressed. to identify the interaction involving the gene(s) controlling the female sterility, an investigation was carried out for the seed setting ratio in an f2 population derived from the ...201020353623
[molecular cloning and preliminary analysis of tanoa in common wheat].nitric oxide (no) is an important signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions in both animal and plant cells. in this work, we isolated the full-length cdna and genomic dna sequences of tanoa-b1 encoding a putative no associated (noa) factor in common wheat. bioinformatic analysis showed that tanoa-b1 possessed a similar intron/exon structure as its orthologous genes in arabidopsis and rice. the amino acid sequence deduced from tanoa-b1 was more than 60% identitical to those of arabi ...201020353092
[membrane contacts of endoplasmic reticulum with plasmalemma in plant cells].close contacts of endoplasmatic reticulum membrane with plasmalemma have been shown in common wheat root cells by means of electron microscopy. qualitative analogy of these contacts with high-permeable intercellular contacts in animals has been preliminary established.201020352693
fine-mapping of the leaf rust lr34 locus in triticum aestivum (l.) and characterization of large germplasm collections support the abc transporter as essential for gene function.leaf rust resistance gene lr34 is likely the most important leaf rust gene characterized to date. it has been characterized as an adult plant resistance gene and is known to enhance the resistance of other leaf rust resistance genes and to condition resistance to a number of other diseases. located on chromosome 7d, this gene was identified to be one of six co-located genes of which, an abc transporter was shown to be the only valid candidate. ten new molecular markers were developed spanning th ...201020352182
chemically enhanced phytoextraction of pb by wheat in texturally different soils.a pot study was used to examine the effects of amendments such as edta and elemental sulfur on the growth potential, gas exchange features, uptake and mobilization of pb by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in two texturally different contaminated soils at three levels of edta (2, 4, 8 mmol kg(-1) dry soil) and two levels of elemental sulfur (100, 200 mmol kg(-1) dry soil). edta resulted in more solubilization of pb than elemental sulfur in both soils. application of edta and elemental sulfur increas ...201020334894
production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide following introduction of nitrate and nitrite into wheat leaf apoplast.infiltration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling leaves with excess of nitrate, nitrite, or the no donor sodium nitroprusside leads to increase both in content of hydroperoxide and activity of peroxidase and decrease in superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in the leaf apoplast. polymorphism of extracellular peroxidases and the presence of cu/zn-sod have been shown in apoplast. using an esr assay, a considerable increase in the level of no following infiltration of leaf tissues with nitrite h ...201020331429
exploiting a wheat est database to assess genetic diversity.expressed sequence tag (est) markers have been used to assess variety and genetic diversity in wheat (triticum aestivum). in this study, 1549 ests from wheat infested with yellow rust were used to examine the genetic diversity of six susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars. the aim of using these cultivars was to improve the competitiveness of public wheat breeding programs through the intensive use of modern, particularly marker-assisted, selection technologies. the f(2) individuals derived f ...201021637582
overexpression of a common wheat gene tasnrk2.8 enhances tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature in arabidopsis.drought, salinity and low temperatures are major factors limiting crop productivity and quality. sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) plays a key role in abiotic stress signaling in plants. in this study, tasnrk2.8, a snrk2 member in wheat, was cloned and its functions under multi-stress conditions were characterized. subcellular localization showed the presence of tasnrk2.8 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. expression pattern analyses in wheat revealed that tasnrk ...201021209856
assessment of genetic diversity among syrian durum (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr markers.genetic diversity among 49 wheat varieties (37 durum and 12 bread wheat) was assayed using 32 microsatellites representing 34 loci covering almost the whole wheat genome. the polymorphic information content (pic) across the tested loci ranged from 0 to 0.88 with average values of 0.57 and 0.65 for durum and bread wheat respectively. b genome had the highest mean number of alleles (10.91) followed by a genome (8.3) whereas d genome had the lowest number (4.73). the correlation between pic and all ...201021254727
[spatiotemporal expression patterns of three vernalization genes in wheat].to identify spatiotemporal expression patterns of vernalization genes in common wheat, we analyzed expression characteristics of several vernalization genes (vrn1, vrn2 and vrn3) in the wheat cultivars 'chinese spring' and 'luohan 2' by rt-pcr. the vrn1 gene was expressed at different levels in the leaves and roots at the 3-leaf stage, stems, flag leaves at the grain-filling stage, anthers, ovules, and developing seeds in 'chinese spring'. expression of vrn1 increased before flowering date, then ...201021284214
molecular characterization and functional analysis of elite genes in wheat and its related species.the tribe triticeae includes major cereal crops (bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, barley and rye), as well as abundant forage and lawn grasses. wheat and its wild related species possess numerous favourable genes for yield improvement, grain quality enhancement, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and constitute a giant gene pool for wheat improvement. in recent years, significant progress on molecular characterization and functional analysis of elite genes in wheat and its related species ...201021273706
mapping of qtl for tiller number at different stages of growth in wheat using double haploid and immortalized f2 populations.effective tiller number is one of the most important traits for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield, but the inheritance of tillering is poorly understood. a set of 168 doubled haploid (dh) lines derivatives of a cross between two winter wheat cultivars (huapei 3 and yumai 57), and an immortalized f(2) (if(2)) population generated by randomly permutated intermating of these dhs were investigated, and qtls of tillering related to the maximum tillering of pre-winter (mtw), maximum tillering in spri ...201021273691
physicochemical and dough-handling characteristics of indian wheat and triticale cultivars.four bread wheat (pbw-138, pbw-299, pbw-343 and pbw-373), two durum wheat (pdw-215 and pdw-233) and two triticale cultivars (tl-419 and tl-1210) were investigated for physicochemical, milling and dough-handling properties for predicting end-use quality. physical properties of durum wheat (pdw-215) and bread wheat (pbw-138, pbw-299 and pbw-343) cultivars were better than other wheat, durum and triticale cultivars. the compositional analysis revealed nonsignificant differences between the differen ...201021339155
effect of seabuckthorn extract on delayed chlorophyll fluorescence on cd and co ions treated wheat seedlings.the protecting effect of "hypporamine pl" compound isolated from dry leaves of seabuckthorn (hippophae rhamneides l.) on photosystem 2 (ps2) activity suppression induced by cdcl2 and cocl2 treatment in the 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) under different ph of growth medium was investigated by measurement of millisecond delayed fluorescence (ms-df) of chlorophyll intact leaves. the value o-i/p-s of ms-df ratio was reduced under the cd2+ and co2+ treatments on 60 and 65% respectiv ...200920329404
effects of water deficit and spraying of dessicant on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of wheat genotypes.to evaluate yield, yield components and water use efficiency of bread wheat in water stress conditions and spraying of dessicant, a field experiment was carried out in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. main plots were assigned to two levels of water stress treatments; d1: optimum irrigation and d2: cessation of watering from anthesis to maturity stages. sub plots were assigned to eight bread wheat genotypes; and assimilates limitations with two levels: p1: no source limitation and p2: inhibition of curre ...200920128510
genetic diversity among old portuguese bread wheat cultivars and botanical varieties evaluated by its rdna pcr-rflp markers. 200920086307
a complete mitochondrial genome of wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese yumai), and fast evolving mitochondrial genes in higher plants.plant mitochondrial genomes, encoding necessary proteins involved in the system of energy production, play an important role in the development and reproduction of the plant. they occupy a specific evolutionary pattern relative to their nuclear counterparts. here, we determined the winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese yumai) mitochondrial genome in a length of 452 and 526 bp by shotgun sequencing its bac library. it contains 202 genes, including 35 known protein-coding genes, three rrna a ...200920086295
effect of copper on growth, yield and concentration of fe, mn, zn and cu in wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.).a pot experiment was conducted at six graded levels of copper (cu) viz., 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg kg(-1) to test the response of wheat plants grown in a copper-responsive alluvial soil (entisol) under glass house conditions. the growth attributes like plant height, fresh and dry matter yield, percent dry matter enhanced with increasing cu levels and was maximum at 1.5 mg kg(-1) cu while the number of tillers was minimum at this level. the grain yield at 1.5 mg kg(-1) cu was enhanced by 6 ...200920120484
[molecular and biochemical analysis of two genes encoding dehydroascorbate reductase in common wheat].dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar) plays an important role in the recycling of ascorbic acid. in this work, we isolated the full length cdna clones of two different dhar genes (tentatively named as tadhar1 and tadhar2, respectively) from common wheat. semi-quantitative pcr experiments showed that tadhar1 and tadhar2 were transcribed in many vegetative and reproductive organs examined in this work. transient expression analysis using wheat protoplasts indicated that the protein products of tadhar1 ...200920112692
[production of alloplasmic and euplasmic wheat-barley ditelosomic substitution lines 7h(1)lmar(7d) and analysis of the 18s/5s mitochondrial repeat in these lines].alloplasmic lines of common wheat with disomic substitution of chromosome 7d for telocentric chromosome 7h(1)lmar of barley h. marinum subsp. gussoneanum hudson were isolated from the plants of generation bc3, produced as a result of backcrossing of barley-wheat hybrids h. marinum subsp. gussoneanum (2n = 28) x x t. aestivum (2n = 42), pyrotrix, cultivar, with 28 common wheat cultivars pyrotrix 28 and novosibirskaya 67. chromosome substitution pattern was determined using ssr analysis and c-band ...200920198973
[comparative cytological and molecular analysis of introgressive common wheat lines containing genetic material of triticum timopheevii zhur].a total of 40 introgressive lines of common wheat (2n = 42) triticum aestivum l x t. timopheevii zhuk., resistant to brown rust and partly to powdery mildew, were examined. based on cytological analysis of meiosis in pollen mother cells (pmc), hybrid lines were subdivided into two groups characterized by either stable or unstable meiosis. in cytologically stable lines, chromosome configuration at the mi stage of meiosis was mostly bivalent (21ii) with small proportion of defect cells (almost 10% ...200920198972
cytological dissection and molecular characterization of chromosome 1r derived from 'burgas 2' common wheat.rye chromosome 1r harbors many agronomically important genes such as resistance genes for rusts. using the gametocidal system, we dissected the 1r chromosome substituted for wheat chromosome 1b in a common wheat cultivar 'burgas 2'. the gametocidal system induces chromosomal breakage in the 1r chromosome, as well as in wheat chromosomes. we cytologically examined a pool of prescreened common wheat plants that had been shown to have single or multiple rearranged 1r chromosomes and established 95 ...200920228578
characterization of plastidial starch phosphorylase in triticum aestivum l. endosperm.starch phosphorylase (pho) catalyses the reversible transfer of glucosyl units from glucose1-phosphate to the non-reducing end of an alpha-1,4-linked glucan chain. two major isoforms of pho exist in the plastid (pho1) and cytosol (pho2). in this paper it is proposed that pho1 may play an important role in recycling glucosyl units from malto-oligosaccharides back into starch synthesis in the developing wheat endosperm. pho activity was observed in highly purified amyloplast extracts prepared from ...200919524321
cloning, identification, expression analysis and phylogenetic relevance of two nadp-dependent malic enzyme genes from hexaploid wheat.the nadp-dependent malic enzyme (nadp-me; ec1.1.1.40) found in many metabolic pathways catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of l-malate, producing pyruvate, co(2) and nadph. the nadp-mes have been well studied in c4 plants but not well in c3 plants. in this study, we identified the nadp-me isoforms from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l). two different nadp-me transcripts were first identified in this c3 plant. the first is named tanadp-me1 [ncbi: eu170134] and encodes a putative plastidic ...200919523599
immunoblot quantification of three classes of proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors in different wheat ( triticum aestivum ) cultivars and milling fractions.in wheat ( triticum aestivum ) grains, taxi- (t. aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip- (xylanase inhibiting protein), and tlxi-type (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) xylanase inhibitors (xis) are expressed in considerable levels and under different forms. as these proteins have a significant impact on microbial xylanases frequently used in cereal-based biotechnological processes, knowledge of their quantitative and qualitative variability in wheat is of great interest. this paper reports the succ ...200919138080
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