Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| subcellular localization of mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid (pgl-i) antigen in human leprosy lesions and in m. leprae isolated from armadillo liver. | phenolic glycolipid (pgl-i), an antigen specific to mycobacterium leprae, was localized subcellularly in m. leprae residing in human skin, in m. leprae isolated from armadillo liver ('isolated m. leprae') and outside m. leprae in human lepromatous skin. for a quantitative localization of pgl-i sites, specimens, including skin segments stored for 6 years in glutaraldehyde, were embedded in hydrophilic lowicryl (k4m) resin for ultrathin sectioning. ultracryosections and araldite sections of compar ... | 1990 | 2269873 |
| [research in developing countries: will leprosy vaccine be produced in nepal?]. | clinical, bacteriological and immunological research into leprosy is pursued at the anandaban leprosy hospital on the outskirts of kathmandu in nepal with support from the world health organization and research laboratories in inter alia holland and australia. the bacteriological part consists of research into cultivation procedures on mice for diagnosis of mycobacterium leprae resistance to dapsone and rifampicin. serological studies have also yielded m. leprae-specific antibodies, a method whi ... | 1990 | 2270200 |
| the response of human b cells to mycobacterium leprae. identification of target antigens following polyclonal activation in vitro. | we have investigated the b cell response to mycobacterium leprae in leprosy patients and healthy controls. a comparison of western-blotted proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and probed with pooled sera from ll and bt patients revealed distinct antigen recognition patterns for the two classifications of the disease. to characterize the circulating b cells capable of producing anti-m. leprae antibodies in vitro, peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures were activated polyclonall ... | 1990 | 2279000 |
| detection of mycobacterium leprae antigens in the sera of leprosy patients by sandwich immunoradiometric assay using monoclonal antibodies. | an immunological technique for demonstration of mycobacterium leprae antigen in sera was developed by using specific as well as cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies. the sandwich immunoradiometric assay which we developed is a simple, robust assay that is sensitive to the nanogram level. sera from 72 leprosy patients were screened for the presence of antigen by this assay. a total of 69% of untreated tuberculoid leprosy patients showed 35-kda antigen positivity, and 45% of these patients showed ... | 1990 | 2280011 |
| a longitudinal study of the incidence of leprosy in a hyperendemic area in zaire, with special reference to pgl-antibody results. the yalisombo study group. | between 1984 and 1988, yearly surveys for leprosy were done among the 1500 people living in a previous leprosy segregation village in zaire. in 1984 lepromin tests and phenolic glycolipid (pgl) antibody tests were done in a significant part of the population. the prevalence of the disease at that time was 16.1%, the proportion of multibacillary cases was 11.3% overall and 22% among active cases. prior to 1984, 23% of paucibacillary cases and 56% of multibacillary cases had presented themselves s ... | 1990 | 2280114 |
| prospective immunological follow-up in household contacts of mexican leprosy patients. | a 6-year prospective study of 79 household contacts of leprosy cases was made in order to correlate the development of the disease with their specific t-cell immunity, measured by the mitsuda test, and levels of anti-mycobacterium leprae antibodies determined in three consecutive observations with the fla-abs test. overall in the contacts, 71.7% were mitsuda positive and 93.6% showed seropositivity, without regard to their age, sex, or leprosy type of their index case. households were divided in ... | 1990 | 2280115 |
| effect of presensitization with bcg and mycobacterium leprae on granuloma formation to m. leprae. | granulomas which develop in draining lymph nodes, following the intradermal injection of cobalt-irradiated mycobacterium leprae into the ear of the guinea pig 2 and 5 weeks earlier, were studied in animals which had been presensitized with bcg vaccine or m. leprae and compared with granulomas that developed in previously unsensitized guinea pigs. presensitization with mycobacteria accelerated the development of the granulomas. granulomas in previously unsensitized guinea pigs were found ultrastr ... | 1990 | 2280118 |
| the chemotherapy of leprosy. part 1. | 1990 | 2280120 | |
| new findings on the mode of entry of mycobacterium leprae in nude mice. | 1990 | 2280126 | |
| relationships between pgl-1 antigen in serum, tissue and viability of mycobacterium leprae as determined by mouse footpad assay in multibacillary patients during short-term clinical trial. | in connection with a 56-day controlled clinical trial for comparing the therapeutic effects between pefloxacin and ofloxacin in 21 lepromatous patients, we have studied the relationships between pgl-1 antigen level in serum and in skin and serum pgl-1 antibody titre on the one hand, and the viability of mycobacterium leprae, as measured by serial mouse footpad inoculations, and other bactericidal parameters on the other. before and during treatment, significant correlation was found between seru ... | 1990 | 2280654 |
| anti-phenolic glycolipid 1 igm antibodies in leprosy patients and in their household contacts. | though they have no apparent protective action, the specific antibodies are important markers of the infection with mycobacterium leprae. for their detection we employed an elisa method using as substrate a synthetic immunodominant disaccharide of phenolic glycolipid 1 antigen of m. leprae, conjugated with bovine serum albumin (d-bsa). increased levels of anti-d-bsa antibodies of the igm class were detected in 61.5% of the 13 leprosy patients and in 13.3% of their 53 household contacts, whereas ... | 1990 | 2280655 |
| evaluation of a novel 2,3-diacyl-trehalose-2'-sulphate (sl-iv) antigen for case finding and diagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis. | serum igg and igm antibodies against a 2,3-diacyl-trehalose-2'-sulphate (sl-iv) antigen using elisa were determined in controls (n = 288) and in leprosy (n = 210) and tuberculosis (n = 99) patients. in all assays, the amount of antigen per well was 100.0 ng and sera were diluted 1/250. in the case of leprosy, anti-sl-iv igg and igm antibody titres increased from the tuberculoid towards the lepromatous pole of the spectrum. in the tested population, the sensitivity of the assay was 93.2% in multi ... | 1990 | 2284503 |
| modulation of human lepromatous monocyte-macrophage functions in vitro by tuftsin. | human peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages derived from normal donors, patients of tuberculoid leprosy (bt/tt) and lepromatous leprosy (bl/ll) were assayed for stimulated phagocytic responses to the potent macrophage stimulator "tuftsin" (nh2-thr-lys-pro-arg-oh) after varying periods (6 h to 14 days) of culture in vitro. the assays consisted of visual scoring of ingested mycobacterium leprae and radiometric measurement of ingested 14c-acetate labelled staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium tu ... | 1990 | 2292463 |
| effect of tuftsin stimulation on the microbicidal activity exerted by blood monocyte-macrophages of leprosy patients. | the ability of blood monocyte/macrophages from normal donors, tuberculoid leprosy (bt/tt) and lepromatous leprosy (bl/ll) patients to exert enhanced microbicidal activity was assayed after stimulating with 0.8 microm tuftsin, as a function of the duration of cultures in vitro. normal and bt/tt macrophage cultures showed a statistically significant increase in microbicidal activity against staphylococcus aureus at all ages of culture (6 h to 14 days), though the overall magnitude of the enhanceme ... | 1990 | 2292464 |
| cross-reactive idiotypes in sera from patients with leprosy, lupus and lyme disease and from healthy individuals. | monoclonal igm autoantibodies have previously been generated from a patient with lepromatous leprosy. polyclonal anti-idiotypes raised against two of these monoclonal antibodies (8e7 and th9) were used in an immunoassay to detect the presence of idiotype in human serum. the anti-idiotypes recognize different but overlapping sets of idiotypic determinants, some of which are present on antibodies which bind to mycobacterium leprae. sera were tested from 16 individuals with leprosy, 45 with systemi ... | 1990 | 2302837 |
| leukopenia secondary to mycobacterium leprae. | hansen's disease (hd) is one of the major infectious diseases in the world with an estimated total of 12 million cases. physicians in north america, however, rarely see hd or its manifestations. hematological manifestations of hd have been reported but are not well appreciated. we report a patient with leukopenia while under treatment for active hd who demonstrated mycobacterial involvement of the bone marrow. | 1990 | 2307895 |
| [preliminary study on leprosy subclinical infection and its sero-epidemiology]. | the detection of subclinical infection with m. leprae among 360 household contacts of leprosy and 95 healthy controls was conducted with pgi-elisa in leprosy-endemic areas. the relationship of age at infection, and onset with epidemic trends was explored basing on the distribution features of subclinical infection with m. leprae in household contacts of leprosy. in addition, the multiple linear regression was used to analyse the factors affected the level of antibody in leprosy. | 1990 | 2322940 |
| serum tumor necrosis factor levels and disease dissemination in leprosy and leishmaniasis. | it has been suggested that tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) may serve as an important antigen-independent host defense mechanism against parasitic organisms. sera from 66 patients with leishmaniasis and 68 patients with leprosy, all from ethiopia, were tested for tnf alpha using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. sera from patients with the multi-parasitic/bacillary type of disease (visceral or diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and lepromatous leprosy), known to be associated with absent or low ... | 1990 | 2324549 |
| prostaglandin f2 alpha in leprosy--a preliminary study. | prostaglandin f2 alpha was estimated in the sera of fifty patients in the leprosy spectrum to find out the status of prostaglandins in response to mycobacterium leprae. contrary to expectation, pgf2 alpha could be detected in only twenty-eight percent of leprosy patients. this preliminary finding is discussed in detail in the paper. | 1990 | 2358704 |
| serodiagnosis of leprosy in patients' contacts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | serum samples from 3336 contacts of leprosy patients were tested for antiphenolic glycolipid i antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the albumin coupled synthetic disaccharide antigen. the overall positivity rate was 9.3%. no significant differences were seen between a group of household contacts of lepromatous patients and those of the other types of the disease. the proportion of elisa positives was slightly higher in the relatives as compared to workplace contacts and neighbour ... | 1990 | 2377022 |
| effect of the immune modulating agents cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, hydrocortisone, and cyclosporin a on an animal model of granulomatous bowel disease. | this study was undertaken to determine the effect of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, hydrocortisone, and cyclosporin a on a model of granulomatous infiltration in the terminal ileum and draining lymph nodes of the guinea pig. treatment groups of six animals were used and compared to untreated groups of 12. epithelioid cell granulomas and primary macrophage granulomas were induced by the inoculation of bcg (pasteur) and irradiated mycobacterium leprae respectively into the terminal ileum of the g ... | 1990 | 2379870 |
| intradermal recombinant interleukin 2 enhances peripheral blood t-cell responses to mitogen and antigens in patients with lepromatous leprosy. | thirty-one patients with lepromatous leprosy received recombinant interleukin 2 (il-2) intradermally in doses ranging from 10 to 30 micrograms. before injection and at time intervals of 2-21 days thereafter, samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were obtained. single or multiple injections (1-3) of il-2 did not modify the total number of circulating lymphocytes or the number of t cells and the cd4/cd8 t-cell ratio. however, il-2 had a pronounced influence on the [3h]thymidine inco ... | 1990 | 2389115 |
| major histocompatibility complex class ii antigen expression in nerves in leprosy; an immunoelectronmicroscopical study. | a technique for immunoelectronmicroscopy has been used to investigate major histocompatibility class ii expression in leprosy nerves. in normal nerves, endothelial cells and occasional endoneural cells (not schwann cells) were constitutively class ii positive. in both paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy nerve biopsies, infiltrating leukocytes were positive but class ii-positive schwann cells were not seen. these observations indicate that schwann cells may not be involved in presenting myc ... | 1990 | 2401839 |
| induction of antigen-specific immunity and tolerance to mycobacterium leprae in lewis rats. | intradermal (i.d.) immunization of lewis rats with autoclaved mycobacterium leprae resulted in antigen-specific proliferation responses and interleukin-2 release from spleen and lymph node cells that were detectable as early as 21 days, persisted for at least 9 months, and were dependent on the dose of antigen administered. immunized animals were also completely resistant to a footpad challenge with viable m. leprae. in contrast, intravenous (i.v.) administration of at least 10(8) irradiated m. ... | 1990 | 2404873 |
| survey for leprosy in nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) from the southeastern united states. | ears from 853 nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) from alabama, arkansas, florida, georgia and mississippi were examined microscopically for evidence of leprosy. all were negative for both acid-fast bacteria (mycobacterium leprae) and lesions compatible with leprosy. | 1990 | 2406467 |
| antigen reactivity and autoreactivity: two sides of the cellular immune response induced by mycobacteria. | 1990 | 2407430 | |
| identification of an immunostimulating protein from mycobacterium leprae. | despite the recent identification of a number of mycobacterium leprae proteins, the major immunogenic determinants of this organism remain obscure. we isolated from m. leprae a potent immunostimulatory preparation, designated the mlp fraction, which contains a major protein of 35 kilodaltons (kda). this protein was precipitated by monoclonal antibody ml03-a1, which recognizes a 35-kda protein of m. leprae, and by sera obtained from patients with lepromatous leprosy. neither sera from healthy con ... | 1990 | 2407653 |
| effective vaccination of mice against leprosy bacilli with subunits of mycobacterium leprae. | model vaccines against leprosy bacilli have consisted of nonvirulent, live, attenuated mycobacterium bovis bcg and irradiated, heat-killed, or autoclaved intact m. leprae. we report that immunization with various cell wall fractions of m. leprae, progressively depleted of lipids, carbohydrates, and soluble proteins, as well as a partially purified protein(s) derived from a pellet fraction of sonicated m. leprae, conferred significant protection against subsequent infection with live leprosy baci ... | 1990 | 2407654 |
| the specific 18-kilodalton antigen of mycobacterium leprae is present in mycobacterium habana and functions as a heat-shock protein. | a mab previously thought to be specific for mycobacterium leprae has been found to cross-react with a cultivable mycobacterium, mycobacterium habana tmc5135. the epitope is present on a protein of identical molecular mass (18 kda) in both species. when m. habana is subjected to heat shock, expression of the protein is significantly increased, whereas other forms of environmental stress do not increase its expression. since immunization of mice with m. habana results in protection against infecti ... | 1990 | 2407785 |
| acid-fast and h&e stainings can be combined better than in the triff method. | 1990 | 1704094 | |
| lysis of interferon-gamma activated schwann cell by cross-reactive cd8+ alpha/beta t cells with specificity for the mycobacterial 65 kd heat shock protein. | heat shock protein (hsp) 65 is a major t cell antigen of mycobacterium leprae. the hsp 65 of m. leprae is nearly identical in m. bovis/m. tuberculosis (greater than 95% protein sequence homology) and surprisingly similar in man (65% protein sequence homology). recently, we had provided evidence in a murine model that cd8+ t cells recognize and lyse schwann cells presenting m. leprae antigen in the context of major histocompatibility (mhc) class i gene products. because murine schwann cells are c ... | 1990 | 1708279 |
| gamma/delta t cells and bacteria. | 1990 | 1710367 | |
| use of flanking sequences to study secondary structure-activity correlations of a mycobacterium leprae t cell epitope. | the 65-kda protein of the intracellular pathogen m. leprae is prominent in the immune response to this mycobacterium, and individual t cell epitopes from this protein sequence have been defined. we have tested the stimulatory activity of extended analogs of the minimal peptide representing one such epitope, lqaapaldkl, with a variety of tetrapeptide extensions added to enhance or destabilize alpha helix formation. the conformational potential of the peptides was measured by circular dichroism us ... | 1990 | 1702724 |
| development of a highly specific diagnostic 23s rdna oligonucleotide probe for mycobacterium leprae. | a 21-mer dna oligonucleotide probe targeting the 23s rrna of mycobacterium leprae was developed and its high specificity demonstrated by dot-blot hybridization. even under relaxed hybridization and washing conditions (20 degrees c below tm) the probe was highly selective in that positive signals were only detected with m. leprae, about half of the slow-growing and one of the fast-growing reference mycobacteria and gordona bronchialis. at more stringent washing temperatures (6 degrees c below tm) ... | 1990 | 1366740 |
| the mapping of epitopes of the 18-kda protein of mycobacterium leprae recognized by murine t cells in a proliferation assay. | the 18-kda protein of mycobacterium leprae was purified from recombinant plasmids pul108 and pml-3 grown in saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli, respectively. significant lymphoproliferative responses were observed when t cells from immunized mice were challenged in culture with purified 18-kda protein. synthetic peptides have been prepared that span most of the 148 amino acid residues that constitute the sequence of the 18-kda protein and used to map epitopes recognized by t cells. wh ... | 1989 | 2476491 |
| effect of chemotherapy on viability of mycobacterium leprae as determined by atp content, morphological index and fda-eb fluorescent staining. | viable bacterial populations were estimated in bacilli purified from 105 biopsies from 40 untreated and 65 multibacillary leprosy patients treated with multidrug therapy (mdt) for varying periods. the bacilli were purified and viability was determined by atp content, morphological index (mi), and fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide (fda-eb) staining. viable populations were calculated, taking 3.58 x 10(-15) g/solid bacillus as the mean atp content of a viable unit of mycobacterium leprae. the ... | 1989 | 2476522 |
| susceptibilities of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium complex to the h2o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with antimicrobial agents. | the susceptibilities of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium complex (mac) to the h2-o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with antimicrobial agents were evaluated by fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide (fda/eb) staining. in the case of m. leprae, the number of greenstained bacteria (intact cells) was reduced in the presence of the h2o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with agents possessing antileprosy activity, such as rifampin, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone), clof ... | 1989 | 2476523 |
| analysis of human antibody epitopes on the 65-kilodalton protein of mycobacterium leprae by using synthetic peptides. | in order to study antibody reactivity to the mycobacterium leprae 65-kilodalton (kda) antigen, peptides representing overlapping sequences of the 65-kda protein were synthesized, and a recombinant protein expression system for r65-kda was constructed. mouse monoclonal antibodies and leprosy patient seroreactivity to peptides and r65-kda were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. all seven of the monoclonal antibodies used in this study reacted with their previously defined epitopes whe ... | 1989 | 2478477 |
| reliability of skin smear results: experiences with quality control of skin smears in different routine services in leprosy control programmes. | the quality control of skin smears is an important tool in improving the diagnosis of leprosy. we evaluated the skin smears sent to us by 50 laboratory technicians of 29 projects in asia, africa and south america. the skin smears were judged according to taking, staining and reading. the correlation was altogether satisfactory. in reading, a low correlation was found in 11% (42 slides) and it was seen that the highest percentage of low correlations was found in the false negative smears. the eva ... | 1989 | 2478853 |
| dr3-restricted t cells from different hla-dr3-positive individuals recognize the same peptide (amino acids 2-12) of the mycobacterial 65-kda heat-shock protein. | studies in experimental animals have demonstrated that the t cell response to immunogenic proteins is limited to one or a few epitopes on such proteins and that the mhc haplotype of the responder is an important factor in determining which epitope is recognized (immune response gene effect). however, if and to what extent mhc genes control the immune response to pathogens in man is virtually unknown. we have studied the human t cell response to the mycobacterial 65-kda heat-shock protein, a majo ... | 1989 | 2480902 |
| leprosy and tuberculosis vaccine design. | tuberculosis and leprosy are bacillary infectious diseases which cause severe global health problems with approximately 50 to 60 million people suffering from tuberculosis and 10 to 15 million from leprosy. in the developing countries the currently available vaccine, bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) was found to be less effective than originally thought. this disappointment, as well as recent achievements in biotechnology, has led several researchers to embark on novel avenues towards a rational va ... | 1989 | 2482532 |
| cross-reactivity of mycobacterium leprae and m. tuberculosis and the implications for assessment of in vitro t cell function in leprosy patients. | the cross-reactivity in vitro between mycobacterium leprae and m. tuberculosis was studied in 41 aboriginal australians with leprosy, 78 uninfected contacts of leprosy patients and 38 control individuals. a vigorous t cell response to epitopes cross-reactive between these two mycobacteria was found for healthy uninfected contacts or non-contacts (controls) of leprosy patients, but not for the patients themselves. the data suggest that a vaccine based on antigen shared between m. leprae and other ... | 1989 | 2482558 |
| [immunopathology of leprosy]. | studies including close contacts of leprosy patients were performed; an inverse relationship between degree and length of exposure to mycobacterium leprae (mi) and the magnitude of the in vivo specific immune response (mitsuda reaction) was observed. on the other hand, this variable is greatly influenced by genetic determination. in the experimental adjuvant arthritis model, mi treatment was able to trigger a splenic suppressor cell population with regulatory activity on the immune response. the ... | 1989 | 2487413 |
| will the real m. leprae stand up and identify itself? | 1989 | 2488682 | |
| leprosy. | 1989 | 2488876 | |
| the experimental inoculation with mycobacterium leprae in autoimmune mice: results of mrl/lpr mice inoculated into the right hind foot (continued). | using mrl/lpr, nod and crj:cd-1 (icr) mice, inoculations of m. leprae were made into the right hind foot at a dose of 5.8 x 10(6) bacilli per foot in order to study the influence of the immunobiological characteristics of their mice on the growth of m. leprae. to summarize of the results, mrl/lpr mice showed the high susceptibility to m. leprae, while that of nod mice were poor. in conclusion, the immunobiological characteristics of mrl/lpr, autoimmune mice bearing lpr gene had effect on the mul ... | 1989 | 2489281 |
| the inhibitory effects by combined doses of dds and several immunostimulants on the growth of leprosy bacilli inoculated into footpads of hybrid nude mice, jcl:af-nu. | the inhibitory effects by the combined doses of bacteriostatic dds and several immunostimulants on the growth of leprosy bacilli (lb) inoculated into the footpads of nude mice were examined, using a strain of hybrid nude mice named jcl:af-nu, which is resistible to infections more than strain balb/c-nu. the results found were: 1. lb could proliferate up to 10(9) level in the footpads of this strain of hybrid nude mice. 2. the combined dose of muramyl dipeptide (mdp) or a water-soluble lipoidal a ... | 1989 | 2489282 |
| studies on the development of novel anti-leprous chemotherapeutics using nude mice with special reference to a new quinolone carboxylic acid, at-4140. | in order to develop a novel drug for antileprosy chemotherapy, the inhibitory effects of three synthesized compounds, a supplied antituberculous one and three quinolone carboxylic acids were examined on the growth of leprosy bacilli inoculated into the footpads of nude mice. amongst them, a new quinolone carboxylic acid, at-4140 whose chemical structure was 5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(cis-3, 5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid strongly inhibited the g ... | 1989 | 2489283 |
| about bioresistance, comparative chemoresistance and sulfono resistance of m. leprae. | 1989 | 2490878 | |
| new approach to curb the transmission of leprosy. | the effect of local treatment of nose of lepromatous type of patients with different formulations of rifampicin nasal drops/sprays was investigated in a large number of patients. the preparations were either sprayed or instilled into the nostrils after flushing the nostrils with normal saline at 37 degrees c. it was observed that 10 mg/ml of rifampicin was effective in reducing the bi and mi to zero in nose in seven days in majority of the patients. no untoward effect was seen in any of the pati ... | 1989 | 2490879 |
| homology of the 70-kilodalton antigens from mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium bovis with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 71-kilodalton antigen and with the conserved heat shock protein 70 of eucaryotes. | two lambda gt11 recombinant clones, jkl2 and jkl15, each containing an insert coding for part of the highly immunogenic 70-kilodalton (kda) protein antigen, were isolated from a mycobacterium leprae genomic library by immunoscreening with the monoclonal antibody l7. clone jkl2 contained the largest insert, 2.3 kilobase pairs. nonoverlapping fragments of this insert were used as probes and showed strong hybridization to a number of mycobacterium tuberculosis-lambda gt11 recombinants producing pro ... | 1989 | 2491836 |
| schwann cells co-cultured with stimulated t cells and antigen express major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii determinants without interferon-gamma pretreatment: synergistic effects of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor on mhc class ii induction. | schwann cells (sc) do not express major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigens under normal culture conditions. sc can, however, be induced in vitro to express mhc class ii molecules by exposure to high concentrations of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and can present antigens to antigen-specific t cell lines. in the present study immunohistochemical labeling showed that most sc (greater than 90%) prepared from rat neonatal sciatic nerves expressed mhc class ii molecules when cultured t ... | 1989 | 2493382 |
| correlation between macrophage activation and bactericidal function and mycobacterium leprae antigen presentation in macrophages of leprosy patients and normal individuals. | the killing of mycobacterium leprae by resting and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-activated macrophages in normal subjects and leprosy patients was assessed. resting macrophages from normal individuals demonstrated the ability to kill m. leprae. for macrophages from tuberculoid patients, killing of m. leprae was only achieved in the presence of ifn-gamma, suggesting that initial t-cell activation occurs prior to the killing of m. leprae. in contrast, though activation with ifn-gamma rendered the l ... | 1989 | 2494115 |
| the reconstitution of cell-mediated immunity in the cutaneous lesions of lepromatous leprosy by recombinant interleukin 2. | human ril-2 (10-30 micrograms) was injected intradermally into the skin of patients with lepromatous leprosy with high bacillary loads. all patients responded to the lymphokine with local areas of induration that peaked at 24 h and persisted for 4-7 d irrespective of whether the site was "normal skin" or a nodular lesion. within 24 h there was an extensive emigration of t cells and monocytes into the site. the percentage of the dermis infiltrated by mononuclear cells increased by more than seven ... | 1989 | 2494293 |
| an electron microscopic study of alterations in the morphology and permeability of purified mycobacterium leprae. | this communication reports the association of changes in ultrastructure of mycobacterium leprae with alterations in its permeability. to study morphologic changes of the organisms under different conditions (of temperature and exposure to naoh and trypsin), ultrathin sections of the bacteria were cut and examined in an electron microscope. in the untreated bacilli and those washed with trypsin, the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall (peptidoglycan layer) remained intact; dapsone showed littl ... | 1989 | 2496221 |
| regulation of t cell responsiveness against mycobacterial antigens by hla class 2 immune response genes. | helper t lymphocytes can only recognize mycobacterial antigens when they are presented by hla class 2 molecules. thus, these molecules may play an important role in the regulation of the immune response against mycobacteria. in this paper it is demonstrated that the t cells from individuals with different hla class 2 molecules react to different mycobacterial antigens. these data indicate that hla class 2 molecules are the products of immune response (ir) genes for mycobacteria. such genetically ... | 1989 | 2496455 |
| serology of mycobacteria: characterization of antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies. | analysis of the antibody response to mycobacterial extracts has identified a limited set of proteins that are recognized as immunodominant in the balb/c strain of mice. detailed characterization has revealed that several of these antigens are homologues of proteins known to be induced in response to environmental stress stimuli in other prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types. it is proposed that differential gene expression may play a role in determining which antigens are recognized during infec ... | 1989 | 2496457 |
| molecular study of the t cell repertoire in family contacts and patients with leprosy. | the specificity of lymphocyte proliferative responses of 22 family contacts and 7 patients with leprosy were analyzed using ag fractions from soluble extracts of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. fractions 10-100 kda m.w. from each extract were separated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroblotted to nitrocellulose membrane and solubilized for use in lymphocyte culture. the main immunogenic fractions for both contacts and patients had m.w. of 12,000 to 22,000, 35 ... | 1989 | 2497176 |
| genetic susceptibility to leprosy on a caribbean island: linkage analysis with five markers. | our recent segregation analysis, carried out on 27 large pedigrees from a caribbean island (desirade), has shown the presence of recessive major gene(s) controlling susceptibility to leprosy per se and nonlepromatous leprosy, respectively. linkage analysis was performed between each of these two detected genes and each of five markers typed in the desirade population: hla, abo, rhesus, gm and km. no positive significant lod score was observed. however, for leprosy per se close linkage was exclud ... | 1989 | 2501438 |
| accessory cell heterogeneity in lepromatous leprosy; dendritic cells and not monocytes support t cell responses. | dendritic cell (dc)-enriched cell populations from anergic lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients were found to be several-hundred-fold more efficient than monocytes (mo) in promoting antigen-induced t cell responses in autologous accessory + t cell cultures. whereas, the use of autologous monocytes over a wide concentration range failed to stimulate mycobacterium leprae-induced t cell proliferation, dc at concentrations as low as 0.1% induced significant proliferation in 9/15 and interferon gamma pr ... | 1989 | 2503276 |
| structure and function in mycobacterium leprae and other difficult-to-grow mycobacteria. proceedings of the 4th international colloquium on mycobacteria. paris, 19, 20 and 21st of september 1988. | 1989 | 2503960 | |
| in situ locations of mycobacterium leprae-specific antigens. immunoelectronoptical studies. | lipid or protein antigen sites in mycobacterium leprae proper and in m. leprae -infected human or armadillo tissues were investigated by immunogold-electron microscopy. simultaneous preservation of immunogenicity of antigens and conservation of ultrastructural details of m. leprae and host cells was aimed at by subjecting organisms and tissues, prior to immunolabelling, to differing fixation, embedding and ultramicrotomy techniques. the m. leprae-specificity of monoclonal antibodies (moabs) util ... | 1989 | 2503963 |
| identification of mycobacterial antigens for "elisa" serology in the diagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis. | using an immunoblotting assay (imba), several immuno-crossreactive antigenic components (imcrac-myc) have been identified in the whole sonicates of m. bovis-bcg, and m. tuberculosis (mtb) and m. leprae (ml) whereby the sera of 100% lepromatous leprosy (l-lep) reacted to 29/33 kd doublet and that of 100% tuberculoid leprosy (t-lep) reacted to 64 kd bands. the antigens upon purification from mtb sonicates were used in a direct elisa to measure antibody isotypes in the sera from l-lep, t-lep, healt ... | 1989 | 2503964 |
| demonstration of pgl i antigens in skin biopsies in indeterminate leprosy patients: comparison with serological anti pgl i levels. | the survey of histological findings in leprosy patients from 1985 to march 1988 has been carried out at the pasteur institute in noumea. histologically, according to ridley jopling criteria, 82 patients were classified, 14 as t.t., 12 as b.t., 2 as b.b., 7 as b.l., 4 as l.l.s., 24 as l.l.p. and 19 as indeterminate leprosy. histological examination of tissues sections, using a monoclonal anti-pgl i antibody showed pgl i antigen in histiocytic cells of the infiltrate and more rarely in langerhans ... | 1989 | 2503967 |
| plg i antigen and antibody detection in the control of leprosy in french polynesia. | 1989 | 2503968 | |
| the use of pgl-tb 1 from m. tuberculosis in the serological diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: a preliminary report. | 1989 | 2503971 | |
| t lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, schwann cells and mycobacterium leprae. | 1989 | 2503973 | |
| immunotherapy of treated bl/ll cases with bcg: histopathological, immunohistological and bacteriological assessments. | the persistence of dead as well as viable bacteria is an important therapeutic problem in multibacillary leprosy. in highly bacillated patients, viable bacteria are detectable in 10-15% of cases after 2 years of treatment and none of these cases became smear negative by 2 years of recommended multidrug therapy (mtd). immunotherapy trials using bcg (0.1 mg) by intradermal route have been undertaken in cases who had mdt for 2 years and who had viable bacilli by atp photometry and/or fda-eb stainin ... | 1989 | 2503975 |
| follow up of t cells subsets and anti-trisaccharide igm antibody levels of leprosy patients during daily multidrug therapy. | t cell subset distribution and anti-m. leprae specific antibody levels were followed in leprosy patients during polychemotherapy (or multidrug therapy, mdt). before treatment, the t cell subset counts showed that the multibacillary patients (28) have a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the cd3+, cd4+ t percentages and cd4+/cd8+ ratio as compared to the healthy controls (96). the paucibacillary patients (30) had no significant t cell disturbances. an elisa test has been developed using t ... | 1989 | 2503979 |
| limiting dilution of murine t cell response to mycobacterial antigens. | 1989 | 2503983 | |
| studies on energy synthesis in m. leprae. | atp measurements have been earlier used to study the effect of various nutrients on the growth and multiplication of m. leprae. in a preliminary study, we had observed that glycerol and asparagine stimulated the atp synthesis by m. leprae but this was marginal and not sustained. we have extended the study to investigate the role of various environmental factors which could affect this atp synthesis. it has been observed that atp synthesis was better and sustained for a longer period i.e. upto 2 ... | 1989 | 2504000 |
| pyrimidine biosynthesis in mycobacterium leprae and other intracellular mycobacteria. | all the enzymes which could be detected in mycobacteria that are unique to the de novo pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis were shown (in cell extracts) in m. leprae. activity of the first enzyme in the pathway, aspartate transcarbamylase was shown in m. microti and m. avium grown in vivo and in liquid dubos medium. this suggested that the very low activity of pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo in intact m. microti and m. avium grown in vivo, and the failure to detect any activity in m. leprae, is a ... | 1989 | 2504001 |
| effect of lyophilization on viability of mycobacterium leprae multiplied in nude mouse. | in an effort to preserve mycobacterium leprae in vitro, the effect of freezing and drying, i.e., lyophilization, on viability of m. leprae was studied. the viability of the bacilli was quantitatively measured with foot-pad inoculation method using nude mouse. the results obtained demonstrate that the viability of m. leprae was reduced approximately 10(-2) to 10(-3) from that of the starting material, during the process of lyophilization; no viable bacilli were detected in the lyophilized sample ... | 1989 | 2504002 |
| what are difficult-to-grow mycobacteria? | 1989 | 2504004 | |
| comparative studies of antigenic glycolipids of mycobacteria related to the leprosy bacillus. | the leprosy bacillus, mycobacterium leprae, is a member of a small group of mycobacteria comprising the species mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium ulcerans and related taxa. this relationship is based on the similarity of the characteristic lipid types in the cell envelope. mycobacterium leprae produces a phenolic glycolipid antigen which is species specific. this communication reports a comparison of the specificity of t ... | 1989 | 2504005 |
| detection of mycobacteria in infected tissue. | 1989 | 2504007 | |
| biosynthesis of phenolic glycolipids in m. microti. | mycobacterium microti readily incorporates radioactive propionate into phenolic glycolipids and phthiocerol dimycocerosates. this process is inhibited by 2- and 3-fluoropropionic acids at concentrations which do not affect overall growth. incorporation is also inhibited by n-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, an inhibitor of the synthesis of aromatic units, but only at high concentrations which also inhibit bacterial growth. | 1989 | 2504010 |
| evaluation of a phenolglycolipid antigen (pgl-tb 1) from m. tuberculosis in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis: comparison with ppd antigen. | sera from 38 tuberculous patients and 62 healthy controls (31 ppd skin test positive and 31 negative) were assayed, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), to test the activity of igg and igm antibodies against purified protein derivative (ppd) antigen and a phenolglycolipid antigen (plg-tb 1) isolated and purified from mycobacterium tuberculosis strain canetti. using ppd antigen, the sensitivity and specificity were respectively, 50 and 93.5% for igg and 71.1 and 59.7% for igm antibody ac ... | 1989 | 2504014 |
| serological specificity of mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids. | six glycolipid fractions can be extracted from lipid crude extracts of canetti type strains of m. tuberculosis. among these fractions are two phenolglycolipids. the major component is a triglycosyl phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosate (pgl-tb 1) and the second is a monoglycosyl diacyl phenolphthiocerol identical to mycoside b of m. bovis. similar glycolipid compounds can also be found in wild strains of m. tuberculosis recently isolated from tuberculous patients. one of these compounds has been iden ... | 1989 | 2504016 |
| testicular dysfunction in leprosy: relationships of fsh, lh and testosterone to disease classification, activity and duration. | luteinizing hormone (lh), follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and testosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (ria) in leprosy patients and analysed for effect of disease classification, disease activity and duration of disease. lh and fsh levels were found to be significantly elevated in lepromatous patients compared to borderline-lepromatous, midborderline and borderline-tuberculoid patients. a positive correlation was seen between lh and fsh and a negative correlation was seen betw ... | 1989 | 2505006 |
| synthesis of galactofuranose disaccharides of biological significance. | methyl beta-d-galactofuranoside was readily obtained by tin(iv) chloride-catalyzed glycosylation of penta-o-benzoyl-alpha,beta-d-galactofuranose, followed by debenzoylation with sodium methoxide. glycosylation of 1 with 2,3,5-tri-o-benzoyl-d-galactono-1,4-lactone or with the 6-o-trityl-lactone derivative 5 gave the benzoylated beta-d-galactofuranosyl-(1----6)-d-galactono-1,4-lactone 6 in excellent yield. the structure of disaccharide 6 was confirmed by borohydride reduction to the glycosyl-aldit ... | 1989 | 2507141 |
| human phagocyte oxidative burst activation by bcg, m. leprae, and atypical mycobacteria: defective activation by m. leprae is not reversed by interferon gamma. | the activation of the phagocyte oxidative respiratory burst by various mycobacteria was evaluated in an in vitro assay, by measuring the chemiluminescence, associated to the release of oxidizing species, generated by normal human whole blood phagocytes. all mycobacterium species, except mycobacterium leprae, induced a significant chemiluminescence response. the strongest stimulus was provided by bcg, followed by m. triviale, m. chelonei, and m. fortuitum. m. kansasii, m. intracellulare, and m. l ... | 1989 | 2509079 |
| hla-linked immune suppression in humans. | there is no doubt that hla-dr molecules are acting as the products of hla-linked immune response genes (ir-genes), because (i) hla-dr molecules are the restriction elements in the interaction between cd4+ helper t cells and antigen-presenting cells (apc) to respond to many antigens such as streptococcal cell wall antigen (scw) (nishimura & sasazuki, 1983; sone et al., 1985; hizayama et al., 1986), schistosomal antigen (sj) (hirayama et al., 1987), mycobacterium leprae antigen (ml) (kikuchi et al ... | 1989 | 2509334 |
| effect of multiple interferon gamma injections on the disposal of mycobacterium leprae. | the effect of multiple intradermal injections (four to six) of 10 micrograms of interferon gamma on the number of mycobacterium leprae in the skin of patients with polar lepromatous leprosy and borderline lepromatous leprosy was evaluated. to achieve a maximum zone of induration and cell emigration a preparatory dose of the lymphokine was required. a second group of three injections, given 3-4 days after the initial series, resulted in lesser degrees of induration and was more in keeping with a ... | 1989 | 2510159 |
| gerhard hansen: hunter of the leprosy bacillus. | 1989 | 2512310 | |
| in spectacular retreat. | 1989 | 2514844 | |
| antigenicity and specificity of selected glycolipid fractions from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | antigenicity of mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids polyphthienoyl trehalose (pptr), phenolic glycolipid (pgl-tb1), tetraacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (sl-i) and diacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (sl-iv) was examined in rabbits. pptr did not induce production of igg antibodies in rabbits, while pgl-tb1, sl-i and sl-iv glycolipids were efficient in this respect. immune sera raised in rabbits immunoreacted exclusively with the corresponding antigens, which indicated that they were remarkably specific. ... | 1989 | 2516354 |
| an ordinary mortal's guide to the molecular biology of mycobacteria. | 1989 | 2516750 | |
| new strategies for leprosy and tuberculosis and for development of bacillus calmette-guérin into a multivaccine vehicle. | 1989 | 2516995 | |
| immunology of leprosy: cellular anergy to mycobacterium leprae. | 1989 | 2518718 | |
| [macrophage activation and mycobacterium leprae: effect of interferon gamma on the production of oxygen free radicals by phagocytic cells]. | activation of the respiratory metabolic channel (f.o.r.), responsible in part for the bactericidal effect, was measured in vitro by a chemoluminescence test on circulating phagocytes. all mycobacteria tested, except for mycobacterium leprae, induced a significant response. its effect on lepromatous leprosy pathology is a subject for discussion. | 1989 | 2518818 |
| reduced suppressor cell response to mycobacterium leprae in lepromatous leprosy. | we have previously shown that concanavalin a (cona) induction of suppressor cell activity is impaired in patients with lepromatous leprosy (ll). in this study, we demonstrated that the proportion of cells bearing the leu8 antigen (associated with suppressor-inducer cells) is low in ll patients and tends to normalize during the erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) episode. antigen-induced suppressor cell function was evaluated by a two-stage assay. in the first stage, peripheral blood mononuclear cell ... | 1989 | 2521841 |
| the generation of antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes of the cd4+ phenotype. enhancement by the cutaneous administration of interleukin 2. | we have examined an in vitro system in which pbmc from purified protein derivative (ppd)-sensitized patients generate ctl after in vitro activation with antigen. these cells selectively destroy mycobacterial antigen ppd-pulsed monocyte targets. these ctl are of the cd4+ phenotype and exhibit mhc class ii restriction. after exposure to antigen these cells require 5-7 d for maximal development, whereas, a separate antigen-independent population is generated within 3-4 d. cd8+ cells are poorly, if ... | 1989 | 2522499 |
| effect of suppressor cells on antibody producing cells in mice infected with mycobacterium leprae. | swiss albino mice were transfused with suppressor cells obtained after in vivo stimulation of mice with con a (ns group). some of the animals were infected with mycobacterium leprae (nsi-group). half of these animals were treated with dapsone (nsit group). adequate normal (nc) and infected (ni) controls were included. a plaque assay was carried out at different time periods to elucidate the effect of suppressor cells on antibody producing cells. no significant difference was seen in the number o ... | 1989 | 2522974 |
| t-helper cell subpopulations and the immune spectrum of leprosy. | 1989 | 2525166 | |
| high level expression of genes cloned in phage lambda gt11. | plasmid cloning vectors have been constructed which allow genes originally cloned in lambda gt11 to be expressed at a high level in escherichia coli. they are based on the pembl and puc vectors, with the genes transcribed from the lac promoter. the ecori site in the vector has been altered to be in the same reading frame as the site used for cloning in lambda gt11. cloned proteins are expressed fused to a 2-kda leader sequence containing a run of six aparagine residues which considerably improve ... | 1989 | 2527780 |
| [studies on the serological activity of nd-o-bsa and its application in serodiagnosis of leprosy]. | in this article, optimum conditions of nd-o-bsa-elisa were determined and comparisons made of the serologic activity of 3 different types of antigens (wml, pgi, nd-o-bsa) in leprosy (151) and tuberculosis (20) patients and normal controls (42). the results indicated that: 1) optimum conditions for nd-o-bsa-elisa were nd-o-bsa and opd concentration of 0.1 and 400 micrograms/ml respectively with hrp-igm and test sera dilutions of 1:1000 and 1:200; and 2) serological activity showed highly signific ... | 1989 | 2529991 |
| [detection of specific circulating immune complexes in leprosy patients by mouse monoclonal antibody against phenolic glycolipid-i]. | in this article, we first report the development of a new test for detecting specific circulating immune complexes (scic) in the sera of leprosy patients: this test was named monoclonal antibody specific binding assay (mcab/sba). we screened for scic (pgli-igg, pgli-igm) in 200 serum batches from 140 leprosy patients, 20 tuberculosis patients and 40 normal controls, and compared the mcab/sba with pgl1/elisa. the results indicated that: 1) mcab/sba was highly sensitive (90%) and specific (95%). i ... | 1989 | 2532976 |
| [multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in nude mice]. | this article reported the multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in immune-deficient animals-nude mice (nih/nu/nu). mycobacterium leprae taken from multibacillary leprosy patient were inoculated with 1.0 x 10(4)/foot pad into right hind foot pad(fp) of nude mice and cfw mice. the results of bacterial enumeration showed that acid-fast bacillus (afb) in the nude mice continuously multiplied. at 21 months after inoculation, the numbers of afb increased by over 108,000-folds and reached greater than ... | 1989 | 2534616 |
| [study on rapid serodiagnosis for leprosy]. | in this article, we have developed two latex agglutination reaction tests (lar) with pgl-1 and nd-o-bsa as antigens in 80 cases of leprosy patients (ll = 20, bl = 20, bt = 20, tt = 20), 20 cases of tuberculosis and 25 cases of normal control. these two latex agglutination tests were compared with relevant elisas (nd-o-bsa- and pgl-1-elisa), and analysed by chi-square (chi 2) test. the results indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of the two lars (pgl-1- and nd-o-bsa-lar) are similar to ... | 1989 | 2534621 |