Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| long-lasting effects of a bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis experimental tablet formulation for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) control. | dengue is a growing public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. at present, the only method of controlling or preventing the disease is to eliminate its vector, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). in the current study, an experimental larvicide tablet formulation xl-47 based on bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) and containing 4.8% of technical powder was developed. this formulation was evaluated against ae. aegypti in three different sets of ex ... | 2006 | 17066787 |
| dispersal of newly eclosed european corn borer adults (lepidoptera: crambidae) from corn into small-grain aggregation plots. | genetically modified, insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l., hybrids are used throughout the corn belt for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), control. to slow development of bt corn resistance, the environmental protection agency requires growers to plant a refuge. determining the appropriate distance between a refuge and bt corn, and development of mitigation-remediation strategies such as mass releases of susceptible moths, requires ... | 2006 | 17066794 |
| monitoring the cry1ab susceptibility of european corn borer in germany. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is one of the most important insect pests in corn, zea mays l. transgenic corn cultivars expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin provide a promising crop protection strategy against european corn borer; however, management is needed to avoid resistance development of the target pest species. the aim of this work was to establish the baseline susceptibility of different european corn borer populations in germany to be able to forecast a p ... | 2006 | 17066811 |
| genetic variation for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in eastern north carolina. | to evaluate resistance to bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins, adult female bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were collected from four light trap locations in two eastern north carolina counties from august to october during 2001 and 2002. females were allowed to oviposit, and upon hatching, 24 neonates from each female (f1 lines) were screened for survival and growth rate on each of three diets: non-bt diet, diet containing 5.0 microg/ml cry1ac toxin, or diet ... | 2006 | 17066814 |
| selecting for efficacy of bollgard cotton cultivars against various lepidoptera using forward breeding techniques. | studies during the past 5 yr have shown that the overall level of protein (cry1ac) produced from the cry1ac transgene (monsanto co., st. louis, mo) differ among commercial bollgard cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., cultivars. these differences between cultivars are under genetic control and have been correlated with efficacy of certain lepidopteran pests. previous studies have shown that the parental background (i.e., non-cry1ac conventional cultivar) has a significant influence on the amount of cr ... | 2006 | 17066820 |
| inhibition of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogate bacilli growth from spore inocula by nisin and other antimicrobial peptides. | the ability of nisin, synthetic temporin analogs, magainins, defensins, and cecropins to inhibit bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus subtilis growth from spore inocula was determined using well diffusion assays. nisin, magainin ii amide, and defensins were inhibitory in screening against b. anthracis sterne or b. cereus atcc 7004, but only nisin inhibited virulent b. anthracis strains. the mics of nisin against the 10 bacillus strains exam ... | 2006 | 17066940 |
| community participation and appropriate technologies for dengue vector control at transmission foci in thailand. | a community-based dengue vector control trial was conducted at transmission foci in plaeng yao district, chachoengsao province, eastern thailand. implementation was done by the local community in collaboration with local administration, public health, and school authorities. our cost-effective approaches combined a source reduction campaign with appropriate vector control technologies applied within the foci (within 100 m around the foci) and also within schools attended by children from the tre ... | 2006 | 17067059 |
| molecular identification of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis to trace its fate after application as a biological insecticide in wetland ecosystems. | to determine the fate of viable bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) spores dispersed in the environment, using a universally applicable molecular detection methodology. | 2006 | 17032222 |
| phage displayed bacillus thuringiensis cry1ba4 toxin is toxic to plutella xylostella. | we constructed recombinant phage particles displaying the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ba4 active toxin using the pfuse5 and pcomb3x phagemid vectors. the recombinant phage particles were screened and evaluated for displayed biologically active cry1ba4 toxin against the target insect larvae. concurrent expression of cry1ba4 protoxin was carried out using the petblue -2 plasmid expression vector in escherichia coli tuner (de3)placi and the protoxin was successfully expressed at a size of 129 kda. i ... | 2006 | 17036210 |
| tasa-tasb, a new putative toxin-antitoxin (ta) system from bacillus thuringiensis pgi1 plasmid is a widely distributed composite maze-doc ta system. | post-segregational killing systems are present in a large variety of microorganisms. when found on plasmids, they are described as addiction systems that act to maintain the plasmid during the partitioning of the cell. the plasmid to be maintained through the generations harbours a group of two genes, one coding for a stable toxin and the other coding for an unstable antitoxin that inhibits the effects of the toxin. if, during cell division, the plasmid is lost, the toxin and antitoxin proteins ... | 2006 | 17038198 |
| cytolytic toxin cyt1aa of bacillus thuringiensis synergizes the mosquitocidal toxin mtx1 of bacillus sphaericus. | using the shuttle vector pbu4, the mosquitocidal toxin gene mtx1 from bacillus sphaericus strain ssii-1 was introduced into an acrystalliferous strain of b. thuringiensis both individually and in combination with the accessory protein gene p20 and the cytolytic protein gene cyt1aa from b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. bioassay results indicated that the recombinants b-pmt4(mtx1) and b-pmt9(mtx1), both individually containing mtx1, had moderate toxicities to binary toxin susceptible and binar ... | 2006 | 16960378 |
| specific epitopes of domains ii and iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin involved in the sequential interaction with cadherin and aminopeptidase-n receptors in manduca sexta. | the bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins are specific to different insects. in manduca sexta cadherin (bt-r1) and aminopeptidase-n (apn) proteins are recognized as cry1a receptors. previous work showed that cry1ab binds to bt-r1 promoting the formation of a pre-pore oligomer that binds to apn leading to membrane insertion. in this work we characterized the binding epitopes involved in the sequential interaction of cry1ab with bt-r1 and apn. a cry1ab immune m13 phage repertoire was constructed using ... | 2006 | 16968705 |
| a recombinant truncated cry1ca protein is toxic to lepidopteran insects and forms large cuboidal crystals in insect cells. | a truncated version of the cry1ca gene from bacillus thuringiensis was introduced into the genome of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) under the control of two promoters. a recombinant virus (vsyncry1c) was isolated and used to infect insect cells in culture and insect larvae. structural and ultrastructural analysis of insects infected with vsyncry1c showed the formation of large cuboidal crystals inside the cytoplasm of insect cells in culture and in insect cadavers ... | 2006 | 16972133 |
| spatial distribution of aglais urticae (l.) and its host plant urtica dioica (l.) in an agricultural landscape: implications for bt maize risk assessment and post-market monitoring. | over the past decades, genes of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (berliner) (bt) coding for protein toxins have been engineered into maize for protection against the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.)). however, these transgenic plants may have an impact on non-target organisms. in particular, a potential hazard was identified for non-target lepidopteran larvae, if they consume bt maize pollen on their host plants. risk can be defined as a function of the effect of an event (haza ... | 2006 | 16978572 |
| detection and phylogenic analysis of one anthrax virulence plasmid pxo1 conservative open reading frame ubiquitous presented within bacillus cereus group strains. | the presence of one of the anthrax virulence plasmid pxo1 conserved fragments was analyzed in 24 bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis strains, including 6 b. thuringiensis subspecies, by polymerase chain reactions. twelve out of 24 strains showed pcr-positive for an orf101 homologous sequence. two pxo1-orf101-like fragments from a b. cereus b-4ac and a commercial b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 were cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. toxicity assays revealed that the product enco ... | 2006 | 16978581 |
| a purified bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein with therapeutic activity against the hookworm parasite ancylostoma ceylanicum. | crystal (cry) proteins produced by the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are harmless to vertebrates, but they are highly toxic to insects and nematodes. their value in controlling insects that destroy crops and transmit human diseases is well established. although it has recently been demonstrated that a few individual bt cry proteins, such as cry5b, are toxic to a wide range of free-living nematodes, the potential activity of purified cry proteins against parasitic nematodes remains l ... | 2006 | 17005719 |
| midgut bacteria required for bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely applied biological insecticide and is used to manage insects that affect forestry and agriculture and transmit human and animal pathogens. this ubiquitous spore-forming bacterium kills insect larvae largely through the action of insecticidal crystal proteins and is commonly deployed as a direct bacterial spray. moreover, plants engineered with the cry genes encoding the b. thuringiensis crystal proteins are the most widely cultivated transgenic crops. fo ... | 2006 | 17005725 |
| comparative analysis of two-component signal transduction systems of bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. | members of the bacillus cereus group are ubiquitously present in the environment and can adapt to a wide range of environmental fluctuations. in bacteria, these adaptive responses are generally mediated by two-component signal transduction systems (tcss), which consist of a histidine kinase (hk) and its cognate response regulator (rr). with the use of in silico techniques, a complete set of hks and rrs was recovered from eight completely sequenced b. cereus group genomes. by applying a bidirecti ... | 2006 | 17005984 |
| significant passive protective effect against anthrax by antibody to bacillus anthracis inactivated spores that lack two virulence plasmids. | the protective-antigen (pa)-based cell-free vaccine is the only vaccine licensed for use against bacillus anthracis infection in humans. although the pa shows strong immunogenicity, the capsule or spore-associated somatic antigens may be important as additional vaccine targets for full protection against anthrax. in this study, the protective effect of spore-associated antigens against b. anthracis infection was determined. rabbits were immunized with formalin-fixed spores of a non-toxigenic une ... | 2006 | 17005989 |
| real-time detection of kinetic germination and heterogeneity of single bacillus spores by laser tweezers raman spectroscopy. | germination is the process by which a dormant spore returns to its vegetative state when exposed to suitable conditions. we report on the real-time detection of kinetic germination and heterogeneity of single bacillus thuringiensis spores in an aqueous solution by monitoring the calcium dipicolinate (cadpa) biomarker with laser tweezers raman spectroscopy (ltrs). a single b. thuringiensis spore was optically trapped in a focused laser beam, and its raman spectra were recorded sequentially in tim ... | 2006 | 17007517 |
| can transgenic maize affect soil microbial communities? | the aim of the experiment was to determine if temporal variations of belowground activity reflect the influence of the cry1ab protein from transgenic maize on soil bacteria and, hence, on a regulatory change of the microbial community (ability to metabolize sources belonging to different chemical guilds) and/or a change in numerical abundance of their cells. litter placement is known for its strong influence on the soil decomposer communities. the effects of the addition of crop residues on resp ... | 2006 | 17009863 |
| subacute effects of transgenic crylab bacillus thuringiensis corn litter on the isopods trachelipus rathkii and armadillidium nasatum. | laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the subacute effects of transgenic cry1ab corn leaf material containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protein on the terrestrial isopods trachelipus rathkii and armadillidium nasatum. survival and growth were measured for eight weeks in isopods fed leaf material of two bt11 corn varieties, two monsanto 810 (mon810) corn varieties, and the isolines of each. total lipid and protein content of the organisms was measured to examine effects on energetic ... | 2006 | 17022406 |
| [influence of accessory protein p19 from bacillus thuringiensis on insecticidal crystal protein cry11aa]. | p19 gene, cry11aa gene and p20 gene from bacillus thuringienesis subsp. israelensis are organized as a single operon. it is reported that p20 polypeptide is not required for high-level expression of cry11aa and crystal formation in b. thuringiensis. it is deduced that p19 might relate to cry11aa crystallization. in this study, two recombinant plasmids phcy1 and phcy3 containing cryllaa gene were constructed, the latter absent from p19 gene encoding a possible accessory protein between cry11aa pr ... | 2006 | 16933600 |
| [purification and characterization of weak-acid antibacterial peptide md7095 from musca domestica larvae]. | musca domestica,which belongs to insecta, diptera, cyclorrhapha, muscidae, is the most common muscae and the richest resource. it is very significant and valuable to isolate antibacterial peptides from musca domestica and to develop these peptides into antibacterial medicine. due to purify a pure peptide from the natural materials (animal, plant and microorganism tissue) is very difficult and complex, few research is going on. it had been reported that the most antibacterial peptides from musca ... | 2006 | 16933610 |
| identification and molecular detection of a deletion mutation responsible for a truncated cadherin of helicoverpa armigera. | cadherins are a class of receptor proteins for bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins. disruption of a cadherin gene (ha_btr) is associated with cry1ac resistance in the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera [xu, x., yu, l., wu, y., 2005. disruption of a cadherin gene associated with resistance to cry1ac delta-endotoxin of b. thuringiensis in h. armigera. appl. environ. microbiol. 71, 948-954]. determination of the genomic dna sequences of ha_btr gene showed that the wild type ha_btr coding sequence ... | 2006 | 16935222 |
| identification and characterization of the bacillus thuringiensis phaz gene, encoding new intracellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate depolymerase. | a gene that codes for a novel intracellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) depolymerase has now been identified in the genome of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis atcc 35646. this gene, previously annotated as a hypothetical 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase (pcad) gene and now designated phaz, encodes a protein that shows no significant similarity with any known phb depolymerase. purified his-tagged phaz could efficiently degrade trypsin-activated native phb granules as well as artificial amorp ... | 2006 | 16936025 |
| genetic variability of spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations from latin america is associated with variations in susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from latin american soil samples that showed toxicity against three spodoptera frugiperda populations from different geographical areas (mexico, colombia, and brazil) were characterized on the basis of their insecticidal activity, crystal morphology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of parasporal crystals, plasmid profiles, and cry gene content. we found that the different s. frugiperda populations display different susceptibilitie ... | 2006 | 16936049 |
| minireplicon from pbtoxis of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a 2.2-kb fragment containing a replicon from pbtoxis, the large plasmid that encodes the insecticidal endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, was identified, cloned, and sequenced. this fragment contains cis elements, including iterons, found in replication origins of other large plasmids and suggests that pbtoxis replicates by a type a theta mechanism. two genes, pbt156 and pbt157, encoding proteins of 54.4 kda and 11.8 kda, respectively, were present in an operon within this m ... | 2006 | 16936050 |
| screening of different adjuvants for wastewater/wastewater sludge-based bacillus thuringiensis formulations. | screening of different adjuvants, namely, suspending agents, phagostimulants, stickers, antimicrobial agents, and uv screens to develop aqueous biopesticidal suspensions of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) variety kurstaki hd-1 fermented broths, specifically, nonhydrolyzed sludge, hydrolyzed sludge, starch industry wastewater, and soya (commercial medium), were investigated. the selected suspending agents [20% (wt:vol)] included sorbitol, sodium monophosphate, and sodium metabisulfite with correspond ... | 2006 | 16937657 |
| effect of corn hybrids expressing the coleopteran-specific cry3bb1 protein for corn rootworm control on aboveground insect predators. | field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l. (yieldgard rootworm), expressing the cry3bb1 protein on aboveground nontarget insect predators (minute pirate bug, ladybird beetles, and carabids). visual counts of adult and immature orius insidiosus (say), coleomegilla maculata (degeer), hippodamia convergens gurin-meneville, and scymnus spp. occurring in bt corn and its non-bt isoline were made at manhattan, ks, in 2 ... | 2006 | 16937659 |
| suppression of plutella xylostella and trichoplusia ni in cole crops with attracticide formulations. | the three key lepidopteran pests of cole, brassica oleracea l., crops in north america are diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae); cabbage looper; trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); and imported cabbageworm, pieris rapae (l.) (lepidoptera: pieridae). two species-specific pheromone-based experimental attracticide formulations were evaluated against these pests: lastcall dbm for p. xylostella and lastcall cl for t. ni. no lastcall formulation was avai ... | 2006 | 16937690 |
| field measures of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) mortality caused by cry34/35ab1 proteins expressed in maize event 59122 and implications for trait durability. | maize, zea mays l., has been transformed to express the cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis strain ps149b1. these two proteins act together as a binary insecticidal protein that is effective against corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) species. the design of the resistance management plan to preserve the long-term durability of this trait largely depends on the level of rootworm mortality induced by cry34/35ab1 corn rootworm-protected maize (frequently referred to as ... | 2006 | 16937696 |
| discovery of bacillus thuringiensis virulence genes using signature-tagged mutagenesis in an insect model of septicaemia. | transposon tn917 was used to identify bacillus thuringiensis genes required for virulence and survival in a manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) septicaemia model. uniquely tagged transposons, n = 72, were constructed and used to generate 1152 insertion mutants. sixteen pools of 72 mutants were screened in the infection model, and 12 virulence-attenuated mutants were unable to survive the infection. analysis of the mutated dna sequences implicated an arsr family transcriptional regulator, a histone- ... | 2006 | 16941243 |
| hemolytic and nonhemolytic enterotoxin genes are broadly distributed among bacillus thuringiensis isolated from wild mammals. | the presence of cytotoxin k (cytk), nonhemolytic (nhe), and hemolytic (hbl) enterotoxin genes was investigated in 74 bacillus thuringiensis strains recovered from the intestines of wild mammals from northeast poland, using polymerase chain reaction amplification and southern hybridization. all the isolates harbored genes coding for toxin(s) that could cause diarrhea. the b. thuringiensis strains containing the nhe genes were found more frequently (nhea 100%, nheb 77%, nhec 96%) than those with t ... | 2006 | 16944343 |
| degradation of plasmid and plant dna in water microcosms monitored by natural transformation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | extracellular dna exists in the environment and can be taken up by competent bacterial cells, leading to horizontal gene transfer. the persistence of extracellular plasmid and plant dna in water microcosms was monitored in this study. water samples were two groundwater (gw1 and gw2) and one river water (rw) samples. three treatments included: (1) intact, (2) 0.22 microm filter-sterilized, and (3) autoclaved water. dna from a plasmid (pns1) and a transgenic bt (bacillus thuringiensis) corn line, ... | 2006 | 16945402 |
| cyt1ca from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: production in escherichia coli and comparison of its biological activities with those of other cyt-like proteins. | the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against dipteran larvae is determined by four major polypeptides of the parasporal crystalline body produced during sporulation. cyt1aa shows the lowest toxicity when used alone but is the most synergistic with any of the other proteins. the sequence of the plasmid pbtoxis, which contains all the toxin genes in this subspecies, revealed a new cyt-like coding sequence named cyt1ca. in addition to the cyt-like region, the predict ... | 2006 | 16946260 |
| evidence of dna rearrangements in the 128-kilobase pbtoxis plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | bupm97 is a novel tunisian isolate of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis presenting insecticidal activity against culex pipiens larvae. the delta-endotoxins pattern of this strain was different from that of the reference strain b. thuringiensis israelensis h14. therefore, the study of its cry genes content was carried out by restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (rflp) using specific cry genes probes and by dna sequencing. it was clearly demonstrated that in the strain bupm97 the cry4a and cr ... | 2006 | 16946449 |
| proteomic profiling and identification of immunodominant spore antigens of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. | differentially expressed and immunogenic spore proteins of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which includes bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis, were identified. comparative proteomic profiling of their spore proteins distinguished the three species from each other as well as the virulent from the avirulent strains. a total of 458 proteins encoded by 232 open reading frames were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectro ... | 2006 | 16957262 |
| improvement of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins synthesis yields through acquisition of erythromycin resistance. | the acquisition of the erythromycin resistance by bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki improved yields of delta-endotoxins in sporulating cells ranging from 134 to 215%. resistance to erythromycin decreased the final spore count by at least 50%. consequently, erythromycin resistance is an efficient tool for the improvement of bioinsecticides yields with a high ratio of delta-endotoxins to spores. | 2006 | 16614918 |
| bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal cry1ab toxin does not affect the membrane integrity of the mammalian intestinal epithelial cells: an in vitro study. | the mammalian intestinal epithelium has been found, based on in vivo experiments, to be resistant to insecticidal cry toxins, which are derived from bacillus thuringiensis and fatally damage insect midgut cells. thus, the toxins are commonly used as a genetic resource in insect-resistant transgenic plants for feed. however, cry toxins bind to the cellular brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv) of mammalian intestinal cells. in this study, we investigated the affinity of cry1ab toxin, a lepidoptera ... | 2006 | 16618212 |
| pathogenomic sequence analysis of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis isolates closely related to bacillus anthracis. | bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis are closely related gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the b. cereus sensu lato group. while independently derived strains of b. anthracis reveal conspicuous sequence homogeneity, environmental isolates of b. cereus and b. thuringiensis exhibit extensive genetic diversity. here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of the genomes of two members of the b. cereus group, b. thuringiensis 97-27 subsp. konkukian serotyp ... | 2006 | 16621833 |
| structure of the functional form of the mosquito larvicidal cry4aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis at a 2.8-angstrom resolution. | the cry4aa delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to larvae of culex, anopheles, and aedes mosquitoes, which are vectors of important human tropical diseases. with the objective of designing modified toxins with improved potency that could be used as biopesticides, we determined the structure of this toxin in its functional form at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. like other cry delta-endotoxins, the activated cry4aa toxin consists of three globular domains, a seven-alpha-helix bundl ... | 2006 | 16621834 |
| cyt2ba of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis: activation by putative endogenous protease. | the gene cyt2ba of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was cloned for expression, together with p20, in an acrystalliferous strain. the large hexagonal crystals formed were composed of cyt2ba, which facilitated its purification. crystal solubilization in the presence of endogenous proteases (with spores and cell debris) enabled quick and simple procedure to obtain rather pure and active toxin species by cleavage between amino acid residues 34 and 35, most likely by a camelysin-like proteas ... | 2006 | 16630537 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression of a new cry2ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis strain 14-1. | bacillus thuringiensis is the major source for transfer of genes to impart insect resistance in transgenic plants. cry2a proteins of b. thuringiensis are promising candidates for management of resistance development in insects owing to their difference from the currently used cry1a proteins, in structure and insecticidal mechanism. the cry2ab gene was found to lack a functional promoter and, hence, is cryptic in nature. the cry2ab7 gene was cloned from a new indigenous b. thuringiensis strain, 1 ... | 2006 | 16632879 |
| carboxy-terminal extension effects on crystal formation and insecticidal properties of colorado potato beetle-active bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. | many bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins, particularly those active against lepidopteran insects, have carboxy-terminal extensions that mediate bipyramidal crystal formation. these crystals are only soluble at high (>10.0) ph in reducing conditions such as generally found in the lepidopteran midgut. most of the colorado potato beetle (cpb)-active toxins lack such an extension, yet some toxins with a carboxy-terminal extension have cryptic activity against this insect, revealed only after in ... | 2006 | 16632885 |
| simple and rapid method for detection of bacterial spores in powder useful for first responders. | the need for a rapid method by which first responders can screen for the presence of spores in powder samples has been increased since the anthrax attack of 2001. the majority of powders that were sampled in the context of that attack were hoaxes and did not contain bacillus anthracis. the large number of samples overwhelmed the analysis capacity of public health laboratories. a rapid screening method for determining the presence of viable spores would eliminate much laboratory work and expedite ... | 2006 | 16637561 |
| relationship between poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate production and delta-endotoxin for bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. | a linear relationship between total solid concentration (tsc), delta-endotoxin production [cry = 0.2795(tsc)-0.2472, r2 = 0.8644] and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) accumulation [phb = 0.1327(tsc) + 0.3974, r2 = 0.9877] in bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-73 was observed. a similar correlation between delta-endotoxin and phb accumulation [cry = 2.1573(phb)-1.1248, r2 = 0.9181] was found. a minimum phb accumulation of 0.52 mg l(-1) was required before the onset of delta-endotoxin producti ... | 2006 | 16642302 |
| discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of bacillus anthracis and its close relative, bacillus thuringiensis. | a significant difference between two closely related bacillus spores has been discovered using optical chromatography. this difference can be harnessed for the separation of microscopic particles using opposing laser and fluid flow forces. particles of different size, composition, and shape experience different optical and fluid forces and come to rest at unique equilibrium positions where the two forces balance. separations in excess of 600 mum have been observed between bacillus anthracis ster ... | 2006 | 16643018 |
| susceptibility of laboratory and field-collected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14. | susceptibility levels of a few laboratory-cultured and dengue-endemic area field-collected strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) at different storage ages were studied. the susceptibility of laboratory-cultured world health organization (who) bora bora reference, vector control research unit (vcru), and fumakilla malaysia berhad (fmb) strains of ae. aegypti to bti was examined. the sensitivity to bti decreased with storage age. the median letha ... | 2006 | 16646329 |
| mitigating the effects of the green alga scenedesmus quadricauda on the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against larval black flies. | the green alga scenedesmus quadricauda has been shown to decrease the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) to black fly larvae in laboratory experiments. in this study, 2 approaches to mitigating the effects of s. quadricauda were tested, increasing the dose of bti exposed to the larval black flies and increasing the length of the exposure period. results showed that increasing the dose as well as increasing the exposure time were effective methods for mitigating the effects ... | 2006 | 16646337 |
| susceptibility of adult coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to insecticides with different modes of action. | five insecticides (pyriproxifen, imidacloprid, deltamethrin + heptenophos, lambda-cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis berliner subsp. tenebrionis) were examined in the laboratory for their acute detrimental side-effects at field rates on adult seven-spot ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l. the toxicity of the preparations was determined by measuring the acute surface contact effects (dried spray on leaves of philadelphus coronarius l.), except for b. thuringiensis where mixed pollen ... | 2006 | 16649191 |
| [bioconversion of sewage sludge to biopesticide by bacillus thuringiensis]. | feasibility of bioconversion of sewage sludge to biopesticide by bacillus thuringiensis was studied using sewage sludge as a raw material. the fermentation was also compared with conventional medium. results showed that without any pretreatment, the nutrients contained in sewage sludge were almost sufficient for bacillus thuringiensis growth, even with a rapid multiplicational rate. higher viable cells and viable spores values were obtained earlier at 24 h, with 9.48 x 10(8) cfu x ml(-1) and 8.5 ... | 2006 | 16881328 |
| correlated expression of gfp and bt cry1ac gene facilitates quantification of transgenic hybridization between brassicas. | gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape (brassica napus) might not be avoidable, thus, it is important to detect and quantify hybridization events with its relatives in real time. data are presented showing the correlation between genetically linked green fluorescent protein (gfp) with bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac gene expression in hybrids formed between transgenic b. napus "westar" and a wild chinese accession of wild mustard (b. juncea) and hybridization between transgenic b. napus and a ... | 2006 | 16883477 |
| [effects of transgenic bt cry1ab rice on collembolan population in paddy field]. | to assess the potential ecological risk of transgenic bt rice to non-target soil organisms in paddy field, transgenic crylab rice kmd1 and kmd2 and their parental control rice line xs11 were planted in experimental fields, and collembolan species and their densities were investigated during grain-filling and post-harvest stages in 2003 to approximately 2004. by using an arthropod-sucking machine, two collembolan species, entomobrya griseoolivata and bourletiella christianseni, were collected fro ... | 2006 | 16883824 |
| [changes of nutrients in soil of transgenic bt crops]. | pot experiment showed that after 30 days of transgenic bt rice planting and by the end of the growth season of transgenic bt cotton, the contents of soil total c, total n, alkali-hydrolyzable n, and available p and s had no significant difference with the control, which suggested that there was a little disturbance in the cycle and balance of soil nutrients after a short period of transgenic bt crops planting. | 2006 | 16883833 |
| analyses of cry1ab binding in resistant and susceptible strains of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). | cry1ab toxin binding analysis was performed to determine whether resistance in laboratory-selected ostrinia nubilalis strains is associated with target site alteration. brush border membrane vesicles were prepared using dissected midguts from late instars of susceptible and resistant strains (europe-r and rstt) of o. nubilalis. immunoblot analysis indicated that three different proteins bound to cry1ab toxin and were recognized by an anticadherin serum. in a comparison of resistant and susceptib ... | 2006 | 16885282 |
| cloning and expression of two crystal protein genes, cry30ba1 and cry44aa1, obtained from a highly mosquitocidal strain, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus ina288. | two novel crystal protein genes, cry30ba and cry44aa, were cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus ina288 and expressed in an acrystalliferous strain. cry44aa crystals were highly toxic to second-instar culex pipiens pallens (50% mortality concentration [lc50] = 6 ng/ml) and aedes aegypti (lc50 = 12 ng/ml); however, cry30ba crystals were not toxic. | 2006 | 16885329 |
| the entry mechanism of membrane-containing phage bam35 infecting bacillus thuringiensis. | the temperate double-stranded dna bacteriophage bam35 infects gram-positive bacillus thuringiensis cells. bam35 has an icosahedral protein coat surrounding the viral membrane that encloses the linear 15-kbp dna genome. the protein coat of bam35 uses the same assembly principle as that of prd1, a lytic bacteriophage infecting gram-negative hosts. in this study, we dissected the process of bam35 entry into discrete steps: receptor binding, peptidoglycan penetration, and interaction with the plasma ... | 2006 | 16885461 |
| genetics and evidence for an esterase-associated mechanism of resistance to indoxacarb in a field population of diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | bioassays (at generation g2) with a newly collected field population (designated ch3) of plutella xylostella l. from farmers' fields in the cameron highlands, malaysia, indicated resistance ratios of 813-, 79-, 171-, 498- and 1285-fold for indoxacarb, fipronil, spinosad, deltamethrin and bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac respectively compared with a laboratory susceptible population (lab-uk). at g2 the field-derived population was divided into two subpopulations: one was selected (g2 to g7) wi ... | 2006 | 16886171 |
| development of an innovative immunoassay for cp4epsps and cry1ab genetically modified protein detection and quantification. | an innovative immunoassay, called enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (elisa) reverse, based on a new conformation of the solid phase, was developed. the solid support was expressly designed to be immersed directly in liquid samples to detect the presence of protein targets. its application is proposed in those cases where a large number of samples have to be screened simultaneously or when the simultaneous detection of different proteins is required. as a first application, a quantitative immun ... | 2006 | 16901856 |
| health and food safety: the benefits of bt-corn. | 2006 | 16903029 | |
| mosquitocidal toxin from bacillus sphaericus induces stronger delayed effects than binary toxin on culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | we studied the toxicity and delayed effects of a mosquitocidal toxin (mtx1) and a binary toxin (bin) produced in escherchia coli e-th21 and bacillus thuringiensis b-cw1, respectively, on culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). bioassay results showed that both e-th21 powder and b-cw1 sporulated culture were highly toxic against susceptible cx. quinquefasciatus, with lc50 values of 0.65 and 1.70 mg/liter against third and fourth instars at 48 h, respectively. after initial 48-h exposure of l ... | 2006 | 16892631 |
| the heliothis virescens cadherin protein expressed in drosophila s2 cells functions as a receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1a but not cry1fa toxins. | genetic knockout of the btr4 gene encoding the heliothis virescens cadherin-like protein (hevcalp) is linked to resistance against cry1ac toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. however, the functional cry1ac receptor role of this protein has not been established. we previously proposed hevcalp as a shared binding site for b. thuringiensis (bt) cry1a and cry1fa toxins in the midgut epithelium of h. virescens larvae. considering that cry1ac and cry1fa are coexpressed in second-generation transgenic co ... | 2006 | 16893170 |
| [the influence of bt-melanin on the recovery of conditioned instrumental reflexes in rats surviving after ablation of the sensorimotor cortex]. | it has been shown the reinforcement of the corticofugal plasticity in adult rats after unilateral ablation of sensorimotor cortex accompanied by intramuscular injections of low concentrations of bt-melanin. in result the process of compensatory recovery in rats central nervous system is accelerated, confirmable by the rapid recovery of previously elaborated instrumental conditioned reflex in comparison with the control animals. it is assumed that the compensation of the motor deficit arised afte ... | 2006 | 16869274 |
| siderophores of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. | three bacillus anthracis sterne strains (usamriid, 7702, and 34f2) and bacillus cereus atcc 14579 excrete two catecholate siderophores, petrobactin (which contains 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl moieties) and bacillibactin (which contains 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl moieties). however, the insecticidal organism bacillus thuringiensis atcc 33679 makes only bacillibactin. analyses of siderophore production by previously isolated [cendrowski et al., mol. microbiol. 52 (2004) 407-417] b. anthracis mutant strains rev ... | 2006 | 16875672 |
| studies on the growth metabolism of bacillus thuringiensis and its vegetative insecticidal protein engineered strains by microcalorimetry. | the metabolic power-times curves of bacillus thuringiensis and its vegetative insecticidal protein engineered strains were determined at 30 degrees c by using a thermal activity monitor air isothermal microcalorimeter, ampoule method. from the power-times curves, the maximum power (pmax) in the log phase, the growth rate constant (k), the generation times (tg), the time of the maximum power (tmax), the heat effects (qlog) for log phase, and the total heat effect in 45 h (qtotal) of b. thuringien ... | 2006 | 16878547 |
| the compatibility of a nucleopolyhedrosis virus control with resistance management for bacillus thuringiensis: co-infection and cross-resistance studies with the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | the use of genetically modified crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins can lead to the reduction in application of broad-spectrum pesticides and an increased opportunity for supplementary biological control. bt microbial sprays are also used by organic growers or as part of integrated pest management programs that rely on the use of natural enemies. in both applications the evolution of resistance to bt toxins is a potential problem. natural enemies (pathogens or insects) acting in ... | 2006 | 16905146 |
| common genomic structure for the lepidoptera cadherin-like genes. | a cadherin-like protein present in the midgut epithelial cells of lepidoptera is associated with insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. we describe for the first time the genes that encode the cadherin-like proteins in ostrinia nubilalis, helicoverpa armigera, and bombyx mori, and analyze their organization. these genes encompass 19.6 kb, 20.0 kb, and 41.8 kb of genomic dna, respectively, and despite the size heterogeneity, they are all composed of 35 exons that are linked by 34 ... | 2006 | 16905280 |
| a mechanical force contributes to the "osmotic swelling" of brush-border membrane vesicles. | brush-border membrane vesicles and an osmotic swelling assay have been used extensively to monitor the pore-forming activity of bacillus thuringiensis toxins. after a hypertonic shock, manduca sexta midgut brush-border membrane vesicles shrink rapidly and reswell partially to a volume that depends on membrane permeability and toxin concentration rather than regaining their original volume as expected from theoretical models. because efflux of buffer from the vesicles, as they shrink, could contr ... | 2006 | 16905617 |
| expression of the cry9aa2 b.t. gene in tobacco chloroplasts confers resistance to potato tuber moth. | we report here the control of potato tuber moth (phthorimaea operculella) by incorporating a truncated bacillus thuringiensis cry9aa2 gene in the plastid genome. plasmids pskc84 and pskc85 are derivatives of a new polycistronic plastid transformation vector, pprv312l, that carries spectinomycin resistance (aada) as a selective marker and targets insertions in the trni-trna intergenic region. the cry9aa2 n-terminal region (82.1 kda; 734 amino acids) was expressed in a cassette, which consists of ... | 2006 | 16906448 |
| prey-mediated effects of transgenic canola on a beneficial, non-target, carabid beetle. | transgenic plants producing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) can control some major insect pests and reduce reliance on sprayed insecticides. however, large scale adoption of this technology has raised concerns about potential negative effects, including evolution of pest resistance to bt toxins, transgene flow from bt crops to other plants, and harm to non-target beneficial organisms. furthermore, concern has also been expressed over the effects this technology may have on ... | 2006 | 16906450 |
| beyond the spore--past and future developments of bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide. | formulated and sporulated cultures of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used as foliar sprays as part of integrated pest management strategies against insect pests of agricultural crops. although in several cases the presence of the spore has been shown to improve the activity of the product, other bt-based insecticides have been developed in which the spore is absent. the most notable of these are transgenic plants expressing just the insect toxin gene from the bacterium. this paper will d ... | 2006 | 16907811 |
| transcriptional response of choristoneura fumiferana to sublethal exposure of cry1ab protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is a microbial control agent active against choristoneura fumiferana, a lepidopteran defoliator of north american forests. although the b. thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protoxins have a relatively narrow host range, there is concern about their impact on non-target species where intoxication effects may not be overt. larval toxicity effects can be assessed at the molecular level by determining altered transcriptional profiles in response to sublethal protoxin exposure ... | 2006 | 16907834 |
| purification and characterization of an exochitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and its action against phytopathogenic fungi. | a chitinolytic enzyme from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai has been purified and its molecular mass was estimated ca. 66 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the enzyme was able to hydrolyze chitin to chitobiosides but not carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, pullulan, and laminarin. optimal ph and temperature were detected at 6 and 50 degrees c, respectively. stability, in the absence of substrate, was observed at temperatures less than 60 degrees c a ... | 2006 | 16917521 |
| structural changes of the cry1ac oligomeric pre-pore from bacillus thuringiensis induced by n-acetylgalactosamine facilitates toxin membrane insertion. | the primary action of cry toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis is to lyse midgut epithelial cells in their target insect by forming lytic pores. the toxin-receptor interaction is a complex process, involving multiple interactions with different receptor and carbohydrate molecules. it has been proposed that cry1a toxins sequentially interact with a cadherin receptor, leading to the formation of a pre-pore oligomer structure, and that the oligomeric structure binds to glycosylphosphatidyl-ino ... | 2006 | 16922508 |
| evaluation of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer for effectiveness in killing bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis spores in suspensions, on the surface of stainless steel, and on apples. | chlorine (10 to 200 microg/ml), chlorine dioxide (10 to 200 microg/ml), and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer (40 and 80 microg/ ml) were evaluated for effectiveness in killing spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in suspensions and on the surface of stainless steel and apples. water and 5% horse serum were used as carriers for spore inoculum applied to the surface of stainless steel coupons, and 5% horse serum was used as a carrier for inoculum applied to apples. inocula were ... | 2006 | 16924915 |
| a selective chromogenic agar that distinguishes bacillus anthracis from bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | a selective and differential plating medium, r & f anthracis chromogenic agar (aca), has been developed for isolating and identifying presumptive colonies of bacillus anthracis. aca contains the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-choline phosphate that upon hydrolysis yields teal (blue green) colonies indicating the presence of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c (pc-plc) activity. among seven bacillus species tested on aca, only members of the bacillus cereus group (b. an ... | 2006 | 16924932 |
| secreted neutral metalloproteases of bacillus anthracis as candidate pathogenic factors. | to evaluate the pathogenic potential of bacillus anthracis-secreted proteases distinct from lethal toxin, two neutral zinc metalloproteases were purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture supernatant of a non-virulent delta ames strain (pxo1-, pxo2-). the first (designated npr599) is a thermolysin-like enzyme highly homologous to bacillolysins from other bacillus species. the second (designated inha) is a homolog of the bacillus thuringiensis immune inhibitor a. these proteases belong to ... | 2006 | 16926147 |
| [domain swapping of cry1aa and cry1ca from bacillus thuringiensis influence crystal formation and toxicity]. | bacillus thuringiensis has been successfully used for agricultural pest and medical insect control with its significant benefits based on environmental and safety considerations. however, the deficiency of this pesticide, such as limited spectrum of insecticidal activity, low toxicity to the targets and the inducement of insect resistance, results in the urgent need to exploit new resources of b. thuringiensis or to modify known strains by genetic engineering. in this study, six recombinant baci ... | 2006 | 17302152 |
| particle distributional behavior of a spray-dried technical concentrate and a water-dispersible granule formulation of bacillus sphaericus in an aqueous column. | bacillus sphaericus is a bacterium that is specifically pathogenic to mosquitoes. the current study investigated the particle behavior of a spray-dried technical concentrate and a water-dispersible granule (wdg) formulation of b. sphaericus in an aqueous column. the objective was to determine the distributional behavior (minus any extraneous environmental factors) of b. sphaericus within a water column over time. studies showed a homogenous distribution of particles over a 16-h period for the te ... | 2006 | 17304942 |
| influence of parasitism by chelonus insularis cresson (hymenoptera: braconidae) on the susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to insecticides. | the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus insularis cresson is a key parasitoid of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) during the second field generation in the upper magdalena river basin, colombia. in spite of selection pressure, the higher susceptibility of the second generation fall armyworm larvae to insecticides, compared with that of the first generation, suggests that the parasitism may be responsible for the apparent difference in susceptibility. parasitized and non-parasitiz ... | 2006 | 17273714 |
| biological activity of bacillus thuringiensis strains against larvae of the blowfly chrysomya putoria (wiedemann) (diptera: calliphoridae). | different strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner were proved to be a powerful biologic insecticide against larvae of several insect orders. due to the epidemiological importance of blowflies of the chrysomya robineau-desvoidy genus in the production of secondary cutaneous myiasis and mechanic transmission of pathogenic agents, the performance of two strains of b. thuringiensis (lfb-fiocruz 907 and lfb-fiocruz 856) was tested against larvae of chrysomya putoria (wiedemann). the lfb-fiocruz 90 ... | 2006 | 17273719 |
| [genes of insecticidal crystal proteins with dual specificity in bacillus thuringiensis strains, isolated in the crimea territory]. | the insecticidal crystal proteins of 15 b. thuringiensis strains, isolated in the crimea territory that are toxical for some lepidoptera and colorado potato beetle larvae were identified by page electrophoresis. ten strains produced the crystal proteins with high molecular weight (> 120 kd). pcr with use of broad specificity primers and dna of these b. thuringiensis strains as template demonstrated the specific pcr products (1000 bp). amplified dna fragments were cloned and sequenced. the nucleo ... | 2006 | 17388118 |
| combining steinernema carpocapsae and bacillus thuringienis strains for control of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella, is a major pest of crucifers and has developed resistance against all chemical insecticides, even against the biological insecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt). entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) as novel biological insecticide were successfully used against dbm. we investigated the potential of bt to enhance the virulence of epn and the possibility to reduce the application density by exploiting synergistic effects. the interaction between differe ... | 2006 | 17390802 |
| detection of enterotoxic bacillus cereus producing hemolytic and non hemolytic enterotoxins by pcr test. | nine strains belonging to bacillus cereus group has been isolated from food and environmental samples. their taxonomic position was confirmed by rflp analysis of 16s rrna gene digested with taqi. the detection of dna sequences encoding the hemolysin bl complex and enterotoxin nhe, was studied in bacillus sp. isolates. set of primers was used to amplify fragment of hbld gene by pcr. for the detection of nheb gene a new primer set was developed which allowed to amplify 273 bp fragment from wide nu ... | 2006 | 17419288 |
| generation of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in insect hemolymph in the course of immune response. | 2006 | 17425046 | |
| [microorganisms in the biological control of insects and phytopathogens]. | in this review we cover the biological control of insects, bacteria and fungus that affect different crops. using different microorganism as bacteria viruses and fungus can do the biological control of these important problems. in this work we describe with detail the mode of action of the different microorganisms used to control insects and plant diseases. we also present novel strategies to improve the efficiency of these microorganisms against their targets and we present the development and ... | 2006 | 17578082 |
| strain discrimination among b. anthracis and related organisms by characterization of bcla polymorphisms using pcr coupled with agarose gel or microchannel fluidics electrophoresis. | the bcla gene codes for the protein backbone of the exosporium glycoprotein bcla of b. anthracis. bcla has a central collagen-like region formed by polymorphic gxx repeats and conserved amino- and carboxy-termini. it is noted here that the bcla gene is also present in the genome of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. there is considerable size heterogeneity among the bcla proteins, both for species and strains, due to different numbers of gpt repeats and [gpt]5gdtgtt repeats (bcla repeat ... | 2006 | 15992950 |
| effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the effects of bacterial toxins (bacillus thuringiensis) and botanical insecticides (azadirachta indica and vitex negundo) on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity in cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (the rice leaffolder) were evaluated. bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the ldh activity individually and in combination. when they were combined, the effect was more severe at low concentration. there was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested. t ... | 2006 | 16033698 |
| results of a 90-day safety assurance study with rats fed grain from corn rootworm-protected corn. | the results of a 90-day rat feeding study with yieldgard (yieldgard rootworm corn is a registered trademark of monsanto technology, llc.) rootworm corn (mon 863) grain that is protected against feeding damage caused by corn rootworm larvae are presented. corn rootworm-protection was accomplished through the introduction of a cry3bb1 coding sequence into the corn genome for in planta production of a modified cry3bb1 protein from bacillus thuringiensis. grain from mon 863 and its near isogenic con ... | 2006 | 16084637 |
| three-dimensional structure of the quorum-quenching n-acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase from bacillus thuringiensis. | the three-dimensional structure of the n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone hydrolase (ahl lactonase) from bacillus thuringiensis has been determined, by using single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (sad) phasing, to 1.6-angstroms resolution. ahls are produced by many gram-negative bacteria as signaling molecules used in quorum-sensing pathways that indirectly sense cell density and regulate communal behavior. because of their importance in pathogenicity, quorum-sensing pathways have been suggested as po ... | 2005 | 16087890 |
| architecture and high-resolution structure of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus spore coat surfaces. | we have utilized atomic force microscopy (afm) to visualize the native surface topography and ultrastructure of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus spores in water and in air. afm was able to resolve the nanostructure of the exosporium and three distinctive classes of appendages. removal of the exosporium exposed either a hexagonal honeycomb layer (b. thuringiensis) or a rodlet outer spore coat layer (b. cereus). removal of the rodlet structure from b. cereus spores revealed an underlying ... | 2005 | 16089397 |
| molecular composition of leaves and stems of genetically modified bt and near-isogenic non-bt maize--characterization of lignin patterns. | transformation of crops, including maize (zea mays l.), with the cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis to combat lepidopteran pests results in pleiotropic effects regarding lignin biosynthesis. lignin patterns in stems and leaves of two genetically modified bt-maize varieties (novelis t and valmont t) were studied along with their non-bt near-isolines (nobilis and prelude, respectively). molecular-level based thermochemolysis using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (tmah) in combination with gas c ... | 2005 | 16091603 |
| novel antibacterial proteins from entomocidal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | proteins with molecular masses of 36 and 34 kda (bti36 and bti34) were isolated from entomocidal crystals formed by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cells. the samples of bti36 contained the admixture of a protein with a molecular mass of 33 kda (bti33), apparently a product of proteolysis of bti36. these 3 proteins are significantly different in n-terminal sequences from known delta-endotoxins of b. thuringiensis and show antibacterial activity toward micrococcus luteus. the combination ... | 2005 | 16091772 |
| expression of the cry11a gene of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the complete cry11a region gene of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis was fused in frame to the 3' end of the gst gene under the control of the saccharomyces cerevisiae hxk1 promoter. the fusion protein gst-cry11a was expressed in s. cerevisiae strain amw13c+. the fusion gene gst-cry11a was expressed when yeast cells were grown on galactose and a nonfermentable medium containing ethanol as carbon and energy source. when the cells were grown in glucose, mannose, fructose, or glycerol as carb ... | 2005 | 16091775 |
| wastewater sludge as a potential raw material for antagonistic fungus (trichoderma sp.): role of pre-treatment and solids concentration. | feasibility of production of antagonistic trichoderma sp. conidial spores using wastewater sludge as a raw material employing different suspended solids concentration (10-50 g/l) was investigated in shake flasks. maximum conidial spore count obtained for raw sludge was 1.98 x 10(4) cfu/ml, which was enhanced by sludge pre-treatments (alkaline and thermal alkaline). conidial spore count ranging from 1.3 x 10(6) to 2.8 x 10(7) cfu/ml was observed for alkaline and thermal alkaline treated sludges. ... | 2005 | 16095662 |
| screening of cry2 genes in bacillus thuringiensis isolates from argentina. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method for identification of cry2 genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was established. strains from different sources of argentina were analyzed to study the distribution of cry2 genes. the results showed that cry2aa/cry2ab profile was the most abundant irrespective of source and represented 56 of 59 bt isolates (94.9%). three different cry2 profiles were found in this collection, one of which was novel. | 2005 | 16096692 |
| the inha1 metalloprotease allows spores of the b. cereus group to escape macrophages. | bacteria of the bacillus cereus group are resistant to the immune systems of various hosts and establish potent infections, implying that bacteria circumvent the bactericidal activity of host phagocytic cells. we investigated the fate of bacillus spores after their internalization by macrophages. we found that these spores survive and escape from macrophages, and that the bacterial metalloprotease inha1, the major component of the exosporium, is essential for efficient spore release from macroph ... | 2005 | 16098222 |
| identification and characterization of proteins from bacillus thuringiensis with high toxic activity against the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | current control of the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina) relies on chemical insecticides, however, with the development of resistance and increasing concerns about human health and environmental residues, alternative strategies to control this economically important pest are required. in this study, we have identified several isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (bt), collected from various australian soil samples, that produce crystals containing 130 and 28 kda proteins. these isolates were highly ... | 2005 | 16098986 |
| comparative genome analysis of bacillus cereus group genomes with bacillus subtilis. | genome features of the bacillus cereus group genomes (representative strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis sub spp. israelensis) were analyzed and compared with the bacillus subtilis genome. a core set of 1381 protein families among the four bacillus genomes, with an additional set of 933 families common to the b. cereus group, was identified. differences in signal transduction pathways, membrane transporters, cell surface structures, cell wall, and s-layer pr ... | 2005 | 16099605 |