Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| enterotoxigenic bacillus spp. dna fingerprint revealed in naturally contaminated nonfat dry milk powder using rep-pcr. | dry milk powders and functional ingredients frequently contain high levels of viable bacterial spores, some of which may result in growth of toxigenic bacillus spp. in reconstituted and temperature-abused foods. samples from nonfat dry milk (nfdm), infant milk formula (imf), coffee creamer, lecithin, and cocoa powder were subjected to a short heat treatment followed by enrichment in tryptone phosphate glucose yeast extract (tpgy) broth at 32 degrees c for 12-25 hours to obtain cell densities of ... | 2006 | 17009291 |
| [non-species-specific effects of unacylated homoserine lactone and hexylresorcinol, low molecular weight autoregulators, on the growth and development of bacteria]. | we conducted a comparative study of the effects of alpha-amino-gamma-butyrolactone, the common structural element of extracellular microbial regulators of the homoserine lactone (hsl) group, and of 4-n-hexylresorcinol, an autoregulator of the alkylhydroxybenzene (ahb) group, on the growth and development of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. we revealed non-species-specific effects of hsl and ahb and characterized their concentration dependencies. the addition of 10(-5)-10(-3) m hsl or 10 ... | 2006 | 17025172 |
| application of high-throughput technologies to a structural proteomics-type analysis of bacillus anthracis. | a collaborative project between two structural proteomics in europe (spine) partner laboratories, york and oxford, aimed at high-throughput (htp) structure determination of proteins from bacillus anthracis, the aetiological agent of anthrax and a biomedically important target, is described. based upon a target-selection strategy combining ;low-hanging fruit' and more challenging targets, this work has contributed to the body of knowledge of b. anthracis, established and developed htp cloning and ... | 2006 | 17001104 |
| role of swarming migration in the pathogenesis of bacillus endophthalmitis. | bacillus cereus causes one of the most rapidly blinding forms of bacterial endophthalmitis. migration of b. cereus throughout the eye during endophthalmitis is a unique aspect of this disease that may contribute to intraocular virulence. this study was conducted to analyze the contribution of swarming and intraocular migration to the pathogenesis of experimental endophthalmitis. | 2006 | 17003440 |
| inhibitory effects of spice essential oils on the growth of bacillus species. | a series of essential oils of 11 turkish plant spices [black thyme, cumin, fennel (sweet), laurel, marjoram, mint, oregano, pickling herb, sage, savory, and thyme], used in foods mainly for their flavor, aromas, and preservation, in herbal tea, in alternative medicines, and in natural therapies, were screened for antibacterial effects at 1:50, 1:100, 1:250, and 1:500 dilutions by the paper disc diffusion method against six bacillus species (bacillus amyloliquefaciens atcc 3842, bacillus brevis f ... | 2006 | 17004909 |
| detection of enterotoxic bacillus cereus producing hemolytic and non hemolytic enterotoxins by pcr test. | nine strains belonging to bacillus cereus group has been isolated from food and environmental samples. their taxonomic position was confirmed by rflp analysis of 16s rrna gene digested with taqi. the detection of dna sequences encoding the hemolysin bl complex and enterotoxin nhe, was studied in bacillus sp. isolates. set of primers was used to amplify fragment of hbld gene by pcr. for the detection of nheb gene a new primer set was developed which allowed to amplify 273 bp fragment from wide nu ... | 2006 | 17419288 |
| chromosomal-gene-mediated inhibition of intestinal and foodborne pathogens by lactobacillus acidophilus aa11. | approximately 63 strains of lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from egyptian home-made cheese and examined for production of antagonism. only eight strains demonstrated inhibitory activity against spoilage microorganisms (i.e. staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus) and pathogens (i.e. e. coli, salmonella sp. and shigella sp.). lactobacillus acidophilus aa11 produced a more antimicrobial activity with a wide range of inhibition. the agent aa11 was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and ret ... | 2006 | 17357571 |
| use of a spectrophotometric bioassay for determination of microbial sensitivity to manuka honey. | the antimicrobial activity of manuka honey has been well documented (molan, 1992a,b,c, 1997) [molan, p.c., 1992. the antibacterial activity of honey. 1: the nature of the antibacterial activity. bee world 73 (1) 5-28; molan, p.c., 1992. the antibacterial activity of honey. 2: variation in the potency of the antibacterial activity. bee world 73 (2) 59-76; molan, p.c., 1992. medicinal uses for honey. beekeepers quarterly 26; molan, p.c., 1997. finding new zealand honeys with outstanding antibacter ... | 2006 | 15979745 |
| recombinant expression of indolicidin concatamers in escherichia coli. | antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune system of vertebrates and invertebrates. they are active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. currently, most antimicrobial peptides are extracted from host organisms or produced by solid-phase peptide synthesis. recombinant protein expression in escherichia coli is a tool for greater production yields at a decreased cost and reduces the use of hazardous materials. we have constructed a concatamer of indolicid ... | 2006 | 16158282 |
| strain discrimination among b. anthracis and related organisms by characterization of bcla polymorphisms using pcr coupled with agarose gel or microchannel fluidics electrophoresis. | the bcla gene codes for the protein backbone of the exosporium glycoprotein bcla of b. anthracis. bcla has a central collagen-like region formed by polymorphic gxx repeats and conserved amino- and carboxy-termini. it is noted here that the bcla gene is also present in the genome of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. there is considerable size heterogeneity among the bcla proteins, both for species and strains, due to different numbers of gpt repeats and [gpt]5gdtgtt repeats (bcla repeat ... | 2006 | 15992950 |
| effects of antimicrobial components of essential oils on growth of bacillus cereus inra l2104 in and the sensory qualities of carrot broth. | the possible use of antimicrobials from seven plant essential oils as food preservatives was studied by examining their effects on the growth kinetics of activated bacillus cereus inra l2104 spores inoculated into tyndallized carrot broth. the effects of various concentrations of borneol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, menthol, thymol, and vanillin were determined. five microliters of cinnamaldehyde, 15 microl of carvacrol, or 30 mg of thymol per 100 ml of inoculated carrot broth completely ... | 2006 | 16213622 |
| modelling the effect of a heat shock and germinant concentration on spore germination of a wild strain of bacillus cereus. | the effect of different concentrations of l-alanine on the germination kinetics of a strain of bacillus cereus isolated from liquid egg after heat shock during sporulation was studied. germination at 30 degrees c and was followed by spectrophotometry. the higher the concentration of l-alanine within the range 100-1 mm the faster was the germination obtained. on the other hand, the application of a heat shock had an effect on the germination producing a diminution on the germination kinetic rates ... | 2006 | 16216372 |
| inhibition of toxicogenic bacillus cereus in rice-based foods by enterocin as-48. | the antimicrobial effect of the broad-spectrum bacteriocin enterocin as-48 against the toxicogenic psychrotrophic strain bacillus cereus lwl1 has been investigated in a model food system consisting of boiled rice and in a commercial infant rice-based gruel dissolved in whole milk stored at temperatures of 37 degrees c, 15 degrees c and 6 degrees c. in food samples supplemented with enterocin as-48 (in a concentration range of 20-35 mug/ml), viable cell counts decreased rapidly over incubation ti ... | 2006 | 16225949 |
| antibacterial and antifungal activity of sulfur-containing compounds from petiveria alliacea l. | a total of 18 organosulfur compounds originating from petiveria alliacea l. roots have been tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. these represent compounds occurring in fresh homogenates as well as those present in various macerates, extracts and other preparations made from petiveria alliacea. of the compounds assayed, the thiosulfinates, trisulfides and benzylsulfinic acid were observed to be the most active, with the benzyl-containing thiosulfinates exhibiting the broadest ... | 2006 | 16229980 |
| the impact of homologous recombination on the generation of diversity in bacteria. | the imprint of demographic and selective processes on bacterial population structure needs to be evaluated as deviation from the expectations of an appropriate null neutral model. we explore the impact of varying the population mutation and recombination rates theta and rho on ideal populations, using a recently developed model of neutral drift at multiple loci. this model may be fitted to experimental data to provide estimates of these parameters, and we do so for seven bacterial species (neiss ... | 2006 | 16236325 |
| microarray analysis of bacillus cereus group virulence factors. | bacillus cereus, b. thuringiensis and b. anthracis are closely related medically and economically important bacterial species that belong to the b. cereus group. members of the b. cereus group carry genes encoding several important virulence factors, including enterotoxins, phospholipases and exotoxins. since it is difficult to differentiate among b. cereus group members, and because bacillus virulence factors are very important for pathogenesis, we explored the use of microarray-based detection ... | 2006 | 16242802 |
| dynamics of boar semen motility inhibition as a semi-quantitative measurement of bacillus cereus emetic toxin (cereulide). | qualitative and quantitative application of a computer assisted sperm analyzer (casa) for detection and quantification of cereulide was described. the plot of the decrease of the percentage of boar semen progressive motility (pmot%) in function of time and the visual inspection of curves provided a qualitative comparison between different samples (curve slope corresponds to the amount of cereulide in the sample). if the change of pmot% over a time required for achieving pmot% drop to 10% (deltap ... | 2006 | 16303197 |
| phospholipase cleavage of d- and l-chiro-glycosylphosphoinositides asymmetrically incorporated into liposomal membranes. | the nature of chiro-inositol-containing inositolphosphoglycans (ipgs), reported to be putative insulin mediators, was studied by examination of the substrate specificities of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase d (gpi-pld) by using a series of synthetic d- and l-chiro-glycosylphosphoinositides. 3-o-alpha-d-glucosaminyl- (3) and -galactosaminyl-2-phosphatidyl-l-chiro-inositol (4), which show the maximum stereochemi ... | 2006 | 16315198 |
| a systematic approach to determine global thermal inactivation parameters for various food pathogens. | thermal inactivation of pathogens has been studied extensively, which has resulted in a wide range of d- and z-values. estimating the inactivation rate for a specific condition based on these reported values is difficult, since one has to select representative conditions, and data obtained exactly at the required representative conditions are generally not available. therefore, a first step could be to globally assess a heat treatment taking into account largest effects only. once the most impor ... | 2006 | 16274824 |
| purification and cytotoxic properties of bacillus cereus hemolysin ii. | the hemolysin ii from bacillus cereus, hlyii, is a member of the beta-barrel pore-forming toxin family of secreted microbial proteins that includes the staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. compared with other proteins of the family, hemolysin ii has 90 extra amino acids at its c-terminus. to examine more closely the cytotoxic and pore-forming properties of the protein, we have cloned and expressed it in escherichia coli. we developed a purification procedure for the matured hlyii protein from both ... | 2006 | 16380268 |
| antilisterial activity of grape juice and grape extracts derived from vitis vinifera variety ribier. | grape juice and skin and seed extracts of vitis vinifera var. ribier black table grapes were found to be highly inhibitory towards listeria monocytogenes. this grape juice was also active against all other listeria species tested but not against bacillus cereus, salmonella menston, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus or yersinia enterocolitica. fractionation of the extracts showed that the antilisterial activity was strongest in the polymeric phenolic fractions. two different types of active ... | 2006 | 16386816 |
| antioxidant and biocidal activities of carum nigrum (seed) essential oil, oleoresin, and their selected components. | in the present study, chemical constituents of the essential oil and oleoresin of the seed from carum nigrum obtained by hydrodistillation and soxhlet extraction using acetone, respectively, have been studied by gc and gc-ms techniques. the major component was dillapiole (29.9%) followed by germacrene b (21.4%), beta-caryophyllene (7.8%), beta-selinene (7.1%), and nothoapiole (5.8%) along with many other components in minor amounts. seventeen components were identified in the oleoresin (table 2) ... | 2006 | 16390196 |
| characterization of germination receptors of bacillus cereus atcc 14579. | specific amino acids, purine ribonucleosides, or a combination of the two is required for efficient germination of endospores of bacillus cereus atcc 14579. a survey including 20 different amino acids showed that l-alanine, l-cysteine, l-threonine, and l-glutamine are capable of initiating the germination of endospores of b. cereus atcc 14579. in addition, the purine ribonucleosides inosine and adenosine can trigger germination of the spores. advanced annotation of the b. cereus atcc 14579 genom ... | 2006 | 16391023 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis s-layer protein involved in toxicity against epilachna varivestis (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | the use of bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide is a viable alternative for insect control since the insecticidal cry proteins produced by these bacteria are highly specific; harmless to humans, vertebrates, and plants; and completely biodegradable. in addition to cry proteins, b. thuringiensis produces a number of extracellular compounds, including s-layer proteins (slp), that contribute to virulence. the s layer is an ordered structure representing a proteinaceous paracrystalline array whi ... | 2006 | 16391064 |
| autoinducer 2 affects biofilm formation by bacillus cereus. | cell-free supernatants from growing bacillus cereus strain atcc 10987 induced luminescence in a photorhabdus luminescens deltaluxs mutant, indicating the production of functional autoinducer 2 (ai-2). the exogenous addition of in vitro synthesized ai-2 had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by b. cereus and promoted release of the cells from a preformed biofilm. | 2006 | 16391139 |
| combined plate microbial assay (cpma): a 6-plate-method for simultaneous first and second level screening of antibacterial residues in meat. | this paper proposes an improved high throughput microbial method for the simultaneous performance of first and second level screening for antibacterial residues in meat. it is based on growth inhibition of b. subtilis on agar medium ph 6, 7.2 and 8, of b. cereus on agar medium ph 5.9, of m. luteus on agar medium ph 8 and of e. coli on agar medium ph 7.2 (research or first level screening) and on the use of confirmatory solutions (pase, paba, mgso4) for the identification or second level screenin ... | 2006 | 16393810 |
| basics of flow cytometry-based sterility testing of platelet concentrates. | flow cytometry (facs) is a common technique in blood banking. it is used, for example, for the enumeration of residual white blood cells in plasma and in cellular blood products. it was investigated whether it can also be applied for sterility testing of buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates (pcs). | 2006 | 16398729 |
| bacillus cereus is common in the environment but emetic toxin producing isolates are rare. | to determine the incidence of emetic toxin producing bacillus cereus in soil, animal faeces and selected vegetable produce to compare the results with the previously reported high incidence in rice paddy fields. to examine whether the emetic toxin has antibiotic activity. | 2006 | 16405680 |
| characterization of contamination in and toxicities of a shipyard area in hong kong. | this is the first integrated study on the contaminant characterization and toxicities of a shipyard area. this site in hong kong contained 3.6-33.4 mg kg(-1) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 5-79 g kg(-1) oil and grease. other pollutants exceeding the dutch intervention values were total polyaromatic hydrocarbons, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals cu, pb and zn. these pollutants persisted partially owing to the poor fertility with <125 mg n kg(-1) and <530 mg p kg(-1) typical of coasta ... | 2006 | 16360247 |
| novel synthetic molecules targeting the bacterial rna polymerase assembly. | despite extensive functional screening of the bacterial rna polymerase (rnap) over the past years, very few novel inhibitors have been reported. we have, therefore, decided to screen with a radically different, non-enzymic, protein-protein interaction assay. our target is the highly conserved rnap-sigma interaction that is essential for transcription. | 2006 | 16373430 |
| atomic force microscopy of bacillus spore surface morphology. | bacillus spore surface morphology was imaged with atomic force microscopy (afm) to determine if characteristic surface features could be used to distinguish between four closely related species; bacillus anthracis sterne strain, bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, bacillus cereus strain 569, and bacillus globigii var. niger. afm surface height images showed an irregular topography across the curved upper surface of the spores. phase images showed a superficial grain structure with different le ... | 2006 | 16376084 |
| exchange of glutamine-217 to glutamate of clostridium limosum exoenzyme c3 turns the asparagine-specific adp-ribosyltransferase into an arginine-modifying enzyme. | c3-like adp-ribosyltransferaseses are produced by clostridium species, bacillus cereus, and various staphylococcus aureus strains. the exoenzymes modify the low-molecular-mass gtpases rhoa, b, and c. in structural studies of c3-like exoenzymes, an artt-motif (adp-ribosylating turn-turn motif) was identified that appears to be involved in substrate specificity and recognition (han, s., arvai, a. s., clancy, s. b., tainer, j. a. (2001) j. mol. biol. 305, 95-107). exchange of gln217, which is a key ... | 2006 | 16411778 |
| a probabilistic modeling approach in thermal inactivation: estimation of postprocess bacillus cereus spore prevalence and concentration. | the survival of spore-forming bacteria is linked to the safety and stability of refrigerated processed foods of extended durability (repfeds). a probabilistic modeling approach was used to assess the prevalence and concentration of bacillus cereus spores surviving heat treatment for a semiliquid chilled food product. this product received heat treatment to inactivate nonproteolytic clostridium botulinum during manufacture and was designed to be kept at refrigerator temperature postmanufacture. a ... | 2006 | 16416909 |
| fate and effect of ingested bacillus cereus spores and vegetative cells in the intestinal tract of human-flora-associated rats. | the fate and effect of bacillus cereus f4433/73r in the intestine of human-flora-associated rats was studied using bacteriological culturing techniques and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in combination with cell assays and immunoassays for detection of enterotoxins. in faecal samples from animals receiving vegetative cells, only few b. cereus cells were detected. spores survived the gastric barrier well, and were in some cases detected up to 2 weeks after ingestion. selective growin ... | 2006 | 16420599 |
| potential of selected infant food formulas for production of bacillus cereus emetic toxin, cereulide. | cereulide producing bacillus cereus was isolated from randomly chosen commercial infant foods. the cereulide production in infant food formulas was investigated. when the reconstituted foods were inoculated with >10(5) cfu ml(-1) of cereulide producing b. cereus, 2 to 200 microg of cereulide per 100 ml of food accumulated during 24 h of non-refrigerated storage. the amount of cereulide measured in the foods by the accurate chemical assay (lc-ms) matched with that found by sperm micro assay, prov ... | 2006 | 16423419 |
| evaluation of the enhanced bacterial detection system for screening of contaminated platelets. | the pall third-generation enhanced bacterial detection system (ebds) was recently approved for detection of bacterial contamination in leukoreduced platelets (plts). the method is based on the measurement of the oxygen content as a marker for bacteria. ebds incorporates major modifications including removal of the sample-set filter, modification of the culture medium, and incubation with agitation of the sample pouch. | 2006 | 16441598 |
| characterization of a mercury-reducing bacillus cereus strain isolated from the pulicat lake sediments, south east coast of india. | pulicat lake sediments are often severely polluted with the toxic heavy metal mercury. several mercury-resistant strains of bacillus species were isolated from the sediments and all the isolates exhibited broad spectrum resistance (resistance to both organic and inorganic mercuric compounds). plasmid curing assay showed that all the isolated bacillus strains carry chromosomally borne mercury resistance. polymerase chain reaction and southern hybridization analyses using mera and merb3 gene prime ... | 2006 | 16447070 |
| attachment of different soil bacteria to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal extraradical hyphae is determined by hyphal vitality and fungal species. | attachment of certain bacteria to living arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal extraradical hyphae may be an important prerequisite for interactions between these microorganisms, with implications for nutrient supply and plant health. the attachment of five different strains of gfp-tagged soil bacteria (paenibacillus brasilensis pb177 (pnf8), bacillus cereus va1 (pnf8), pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 :: gfp/lux, arthrobacter chlorophenolicus a6g, and paenibacillus peoriae bd62 (pnf8)) to vital and nonvit ... | 2006 | 16451176 |
| purification and sequencing of cerein 7b, a novel bacteriocin produced by bacillus cereus bc7. | cerein 7b is a new bacteriocin produced simultaneously with cerein 7a by bacillus cereus bc7 in liquid brain heart infusion cultures. both bacteriocins are not synergistic. the two peptides have been purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic interaction, cation exchange and reverse-phase liquid chromatography. they can be distinguished by their n-terminal amino acid sequences n-gly-trp-gly-asp-val-leu (7a) and n-gly-trp-trp-asn-ser-trp-gly-lys (7b). pre-cerein 7b is 74 amino acids long and contains ... | 2006 | 16451187 |
| inhibition of the growth of paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood of honeybees, by selected strains of aerobic spore-forming bacteria isolated from apiarian sources. | the bacterium paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood disease of honeybee larvae, occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of argentina. the potential as biocontrol agents of antagonic aerobic spore-forming bacteria isolated from honey samples and other apiarian sources were evaluated. each isolate was screened against one strain of paenibacillus larvae (atcc 9545) by using a perpendicular streak technique. ten randomly selected bacterial strains ... | 2006 | 16458322 |
| strategy for identification of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains closely related to bacillus anthracis. | bacillus cereus strains that are genetically closely related to b. anthracis can display anthrax-like virulence traits (a. r. hoffmaster et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 101:8449-8454, 2004). hence, approaches that rapidly identify these "near neighbors" are of great interest for the study of b. anthracis virulence mechanisms, as well as to prevent the use of such strains for b. anthracis-based bioweapon development. here, a strategy is proposed for the identification of near neighbors of b. a ... | 2006 | 16461679 |
| multiple-locus sequence typing analysis of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis reveals separate clustering and a distinct population structure of psychrotrophic strains. | we used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to characterize phylogenetic relationships for a collection of bacillus cereus group strains isolated from forest soil in the paris area during a mild winter. this collection contains multiple strains isolated from the same soil sample and strains isolated from samples from different sites. we characterized 115 strains of this collection and 19 other strains based on the sequences of the clpc, dinb, gdpd, panc, purf, and yhfl loci. the number of alleles ... | 2006 | 16461712 |
| identification of nif genes in n2-fixing bacterial strains isolated from rice fields along the yangtze river plain. | the aim of this research was to identify nifh and nifhdkye ' genes in twenty strains of n2-fixing heterotrophic bacteria isolated from rice fields in the yangtze river plain. southern hybridization of the total dna from each strain was performed with the klebsiella pneumoniae nifhdkye ' gene probe (6.2 kb eco ri fragment from psa30) and the azospirillum brasilense nifh gene probe (0.6 kb eco ri-hin diii fragment from phu8). we found that eco ri fragments of total dna from aeromonas hydrophila hy ... | 2006 | 16463319 |
| atomic structure of a na+- and k+-conducting channel. | ion selectivity is one of the basic properties that define an ion channel. most tetrameric cation channels, which include the k+, ca2+, na+ and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, probably share a similar overall architecture in their ion-conduction pore, but the structural details that determine ion selection are different. although k+ channel selectivity has been well studied from a structural perspective, little is known about the structure of other cation channels. here we present crystal stru ... | 2006 | 16467789 |
| dioxiranes generated in situ from pyruvates and oxone as environmentally friendly oxidizing agents for disinfection. | dioxiranes generated in situ from pyruvates (alpha-keto esters) and oxone have been found to be environmentally friendly oxidizing agents for disinfection. these oxidizing agents were highly effective for destruction of various strains of bacteria, fungi, and bacterial endospores in a wide temperature range with exceptional stability. notably, by using an aqueous solution of methyl pyruvate (1a) and oxone/nahco3, complete destruction of bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus and fungus penicilli ... | 2006 | 16468412 |
| a new protein superfamily includes two novel 3-methyladenine dna glycosylases from bacillus cereus, alkc and alkd. | soil bacteria are heavily exposed to environmental methylating agents such as methylchloride and may have special requirements for repair of alkylation damage on dna. we have used functional complementation of an escherichia coli tag alka mutant to screen for 3-methyladenine dna glycosylase genes in genomic libraries of the soil bacterium bacillus cereus. three genes were recovered: alkc, alkd and alke. the amino acid sequence of alke is homologous to the e. coli alka sequence. alkc and alkd rep ... | 2006 | 16468998 |
| antiviral activities of purified compounds from youngia japonica (l.) dc (asteraceae, compositae). | the ethanol extract of a biannual medicinal herb, youngia japonica (commonly known as oriental hawk's beard) was reported previously to have potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cultured in hep-2 cells. three anti-microbial agents, namely 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and luteolin-7-o-glucoside were subsequently purified and chemically characterized from the ethanol extract of youngia japonica. the two dicaffeoylquinic acids exhibited promin ... | 2006 | 16469463 |
| anaerobic cells of bacillus cereus f4430/73 respond to low oxidoreduction potential by metabolic readjustments and activation of enterotoxin expression. | in the present study, a food-borne pathogen strain of bacillus cereus (f4430/73) was anaerobically grown in controlled-batch conditions under low initial oxidoreduction potential (orp=-148 mv) using hydrogen gas as reducing agent. its physiological characteristics, including growth, glucose fermentation capacity and enterotoxin production, were compared with anaerobic conditions generated by nitrogen gas (orp=+ 45 mv). the results showed that low orp affected growth mainly during the early stage ... | 2006 | 16470372 |
| antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against bacillus cereus. | we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea catechins and four black tea theaflavins, generally referred to as flavonoids, as well as the aqueous extracts (infusions) of 36 commercial black, green, oolong, white, and herbal teas against bacillus cereus (strain rm3190) incubated at 21 degrees c for 3, 15, 30, and 60 min. the results obtained demonstrate that (i) (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theafla ... | 2006 | 16496576 |
| [a study of the safety of probiotic bacilli]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the biological safety of a range of probiotic bacilli, ingredients of the commercial preparations biosporin, bactisubtil, and irilis; their biological effects were scrutinized in an animal experiment. the study demonstrated that the strains b. subtilis 3, 07, and b. licheniformis 31, 09, ingredients of biosporin and irilis, unlike b. cereus ip 5832, an ingredient of bactisubtil, were not toxic, toxigenic, or virulent, and did not impair the antitoxic hepatic ... | 2006 | 16496957 |
| bioactive natural and semisynthetic latrunculins. | marine-derived macrolides latrunculins a and b, of the red sea sponge negombata magnifica, are the first marine natural products that have been found to reversibly bind to actin monomers and to disrupt its organization. latrunculins are structurally related to many antimicrobial and antiangiogenic macrolides. several grams of latrunculin b (1), together with a new latrunculin named latrunculin t (2), were isolated from a recent collection of n. magnifica. semisynthetic modifications of 1, includ ... | 2006 | 16499319 |
| microbiological quality of randomly selected ready-to-eat foods sampled between 2003 and 2005 in wales, uk. | since 1995, the publicly funded ready-to-eat food sampling and examination activities in wales have been coordinated and structured, using a novel approach for the identification of samples and premises. the latest set of data from this surveillance system reports the results from 3391 ready-to-eat foods sampled between november 2003 and march 2005. during this seventeen-month period all samples were examined for aerobic colony count, escherichia coli, listeria spp., bacillus cereus, salmonella, ... | 2006 | 16503065 |
| emetic toxin-producing strains of bacillus cereus show distinct characteristics within the bacillus cereus group. | one hundred representative strains of bacillus cereus were selected from a total collection of 372 b. cereus strains using two typing methods (rapd and ft-ir) to investigate if emetic toxin-producing hazardous b. cereus strains possess characteristic growth and heat resistance profiles. the strains were classified into three groups: emetic toxin (cereulide)-producing strains (n=17), strains connected to diarrheal foodborne outbreaks (n=40) and food-environment strains (n=43), these latter not pr ... | 2006 | 16503068 |
| isolation of mercury resistant bacteria and influence of abiotic factors on bioavailability of mercury -- a case study in pulicat lake north of chennai, south east india. | pulicat lake sediments are often severely polluted with mercury compounds and other toxic heavy metals. several mercury-resistant bacteria were isolated and identified from the sediments and all the isolates exhibited broad spectrum resistance (both organic and inorganic mercuric compounds). mercury volatilization showed that four of the isolated bacillus cereus strains were able to reduce water soluble ionic form of mercury into volatile form via the well known enzymatic reduction. the effect o ... | 2006 | 16504251 |
| evaluation of a gmp training of milkers in dairy goat farms in são paulo, brazil. | a good manufacturing practices (gmp) training course was applied for goat milkers and evaluated using microbiological analysis in milk before and after training. milkers from three dairy goat farms located in são paulo, brazil, were submitted to a one-hour course on gmp and recommended guidelines for milking. samples of raw milk were collected before and one to two months after training, and analysed for aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliform, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella spp count ... | 2006 | 16507483 |
| improving farm management by modeling the contamination of farm tank milk with butyric acid bacteria. | control of contamination of farm tank milk (ftm) with the spore-forming butyric acid bacteria (bab) is important to prevent the late-blowing defect in semi-hard cheeses. the risk of late blowing can be decreased via control of the contamination level of ftm with bab. a modeling approach was applied to identify an effective control strategy at the farm level. the simulation model developed was based on a translation of the contamination pathway into a chain of unit operations. using various simul ... | 2006 | 16507677 |
| a novel bacteriocin, thuricin 17, produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strain bacillus thuringiensis neb17: isolation and classification. | the aim of this study was to identify and characterize a compound produced by the plant growth promoting bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis non-bradyrhizobium endophytic bacterium 17. | 2006 | 16478494 |
| screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in colombian folkloric medicine: a possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections. | the antimicrobial activity and minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of the extracts of bidens pilosa l., bixa orellana l., cecropia peltata l., cinchona officinalis l., gliricidia sepium h.b. & k, jacaranda mimosifolia d.don, justicia secunda vahl., piper pulchrum c.dc, p. paniculata l. and spilanthes americana hieron were evaluated against five bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus beta hemolític, bacillus cereus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and escherichia coli), and one yeast (candida ... | 2006 | 16483385 |
| characteristics of the glms ribozyme suggest only structural roles for divalent metal ions. | the glms ribozyme is a riboswitch class that occurs in certain gram-positive bacteria, where it resides within mrnas encoding glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase. members of this self-cleaving ribozyme class rapidly catalyze rna transesterification upon binding glcn6p, and genetic evidence suggests that this cleavage event is important for down-regulating glms protein expression. in this report, we present a refined secondary structure model of the glms ribozyme and determine the importance of a co ... | 2006 | 16484375 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary characterization of a putative lmbe-like deacetylase from bacillus cereus. | the bacillus cereus bc1534 protein, a putative deacetylase from the lmbe family, has been purified to homogeneity and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. crystals of the 26 kda protein grown from mpd and acetate buffer belong to space group r32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 76.7, c = 410.5 a (in the hexagonal setting). a complete native data set was collected to a resolution of 2.5 a from a single cryoprotected crystal using synchrotron radiation. as bc1534 shows si ... | 2006 | 16511317 |
| cereulide synthetase gene cluster from emetic bacillus cereus: structure and location on a mega virulence plasmid related to bacillus anthracis toxin plasmid pxo1. | cereulide, a depsipeptide structurally related to valinomycin, is responsible for the emetic type of gastrointestinal disease caused by bacillus cereus. recently, it has been shown that this toxin is produced by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps), but its exact genetic organization and biochemical synthesis is unknown. | 2006 | 16512902 |
| molecular approaches to identify and differentiate bacillus anthracis from phenotypically similar bacillus species isolates. | bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus can usually be distinguished by standard microbiological methods (e.g., motility, hemolysis, penicillin susceptibility and susceptibility to gamma phage) and pcr. however, we have identified 23 bacillus spp. isolates that gave discrepant results when assayed by standard microbiological methods and pcr. we used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva), multiple-locus sequence typing (mlst), and phenotypic analysis to characterize these is ... | 2006 | 16515693 |
| use of single-point genome signature tags as a universal tagging method for microbial genome surveys. | we developed single-point genome signature tags (sp-gsts), a generally applicable, high-throughput sequencing-based method that targets specific genes to generate identifier tags from well-defined points in a genome. the technique yields identifier tags that can distinguish between closely related bacterial strains and allow for the identification of microbial community members. sp-gsts are determined by three parameters: (i) the primer designed to recognize a conserved gene sequence, (ii) the a ... | 2006 | 16517658 |
| genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in enterococcus isolates from batzos, a raw goat milk cheese. | this study investigated the genotypic and phenotypic diversity in 34 isolates of enterococci obtained during ripening of batzos cheese from raw goat milk and characterized phenotypically as enterococcus durans. rapd-pcr, plasmid profiling and pfge were used to study the genetic variability and distinguish closely related isolates. species recognition by means of rapd-pcr was in agreement with the phenotypic identification for 29 strains. one strain was characterized as lactococcus lactis subsp. ... | 2006 | 16529834 |
| sterility testing of platelet concentrates prepared from deliberately infected blood donations. | in general the bacterial count in freshly donated blood is low and even lower in the corresponding platelet concentrates (pcs). by use of flow cytometry (facs) for sterility testing, the reliability of early versus later sampling times was evaluated. | 2006 | 16533294 |
| diversity of commensal bacillus cereus sensu lato isolated from the common sow bug (porcellio scaber, isopoda). | although bacillus cereus sensu lato are important both from an ecological and an economical point of view, little is known about their population structure, ecology, and relationships with other organisms. in the present work, the genotypic similarity of arthropod-borne b. cereus s.l. isolates, and their symbiotic relationship with the host are assessed. bacilli of this group were recovered from the digestive tracts of sow bugs (porcellio scaber) collected in three closely located sites. their g ... | 2006 | 16542411 |
| novel technology for rapid species-specific detection of bacillus spores. | there is an urgent need for a small, inexpensive sensor that can rapidly detect bio-warfare agents with high specificity. bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, would be a perilous disease-causing organism in the event of a release. currently, most anthrax detection research is based on nucleic acid detection, immunoassays and mass spectrometry, with few detection levels reported below 10(5) spores. here, we show the ability to distinguish bacillus spores to a level approaching 10(3 ... | 2006 | 16542873 |
| evaluation of different methods to discriminate bacillus anthracis from other bacteria of the bacillus cereus group. | to evaluate different methods that are useful for rapid and definitive discrimination of bacillus anthracis from other bacteria of the bacillus cereus group in environmental samples like letters claimed to contain anthrax spores. | 2006 | 16553722 |
| a newly developed assay to study the minimum inhibitory concentration of satureja spinosa essential oil. | the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of satureja spinosa essential oil against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, salmonella serovar enteritidis pt4 and bacillus cereus was comparatively assessed with an established optical density method as well as a novel impedimetric method. | 2006 | 16553733 |
| detection of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 on cabbage for human consumption. | the objectives of the study were to develop a specific procedure for quantification and identification of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki hd1, which is used as a biopesticide, and to quantify its presence in different kinds of cabbage for human consumption. we found that b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 can be distinguished from other b. thuringiensis strains by its unique random amplification of polymophic dna-pcr pattern with the opa9 primer and the presence of the flagellin genes, as detected by ... | 2006 | 16553839 |
| determination of the toxic potential of bacillus cereus isolates by quantitative enterotoxin analyses. | haemolysin bl (hbl) and non-haemolytic enterotoxin (nhe), each consisting of three components, represent the major enterotoxins produced by bacillus cereus. to evaluate the expression of these toxins, a set of 100 b. cereus strains was examined. molecular biological characterization showed that 42% of the strains harboured the genes for hbl and 99% for nhe. the production of all nhe and hbl components were analyzed using specific antibodies and, in culture supernatants, detectable levels of hbl ... | 2006 | 16553866 |
| membrane biology: permutations of permeability. | 2006 | 16554793 | |
| characterization of a unique type ia topoisomerase in bacillus cereus. | bacillus cereus topoisomerase iiibeta (bctopo iiibeta) has been cloned, overexpressed and biochemically characterized. this enzyme exhibits 64% and 33% sequence identity to bacillus subtilis topoisomerase iii (bstopo iii) and escherichia coli topoisomerase iii (ectopo iii) respectively. the enzymatic properties of bctopo iiibeta differ substantially from other bacterial type ia topoisomerases, including e. coli type ia topoisomerases and b. cereus topoisomerase i (bctopo i) and iiialpha (bctopo ... | 2006 | 16556226 |
| [application of the multiplex pcr and pcr-rflp method in the identification of the bacillus anthracis]. | the aim of this study was to apply the multiplex pcr and pcr-rflp method for the identification of the b. anthracis strains and to distinguish those bacteria from other members of the bacillus cereus group. the multiplex pcr method enables to detect the virulence factors, i.e. the toxin and the capsule in b. anthracis strains. to do that, the authors have used 5 primer pairs specific for the fragments of lef, cya, pag genes which are present in the pxo1 plasmid and encode the toxin, the cap gene ... | 2005 | 16494204 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of peptide deformylase (pdf) from bacillus cereus in ligand-free and actinonin-bound forms. | in bacteria, protein expression initiates with an n-formyl group and this needs to be removed in order to ensure proper bacterial growth. these formylation and deformylation processes are unique to eubacteria; therefore, inhibition of these would provide a novel antibacterial therapy. deformylation is carried out by peptide deformylase (pdf). pdf from bacillus cereus, one of the major pathogenic bacteria, was cloned into expression plasmid pet-28a (novagen), overexpressed in escherichia coli bl2 ... | 2005 | 16508119 |
| isolation and characterization of mesophilic cellulose-degrading bacteria from flower stalks-vegetable waste co-composting system. | fifteen mesophilic bacteria with high c(x) cellulase activities were isolated and purified from a mixed-culture enriched from a flower stalks-vegetable waste co-composting system. a cmcase test showed that the enzyme activity of these isolates ranged from 7.9 to 28.0 u ml(-1). although filter paper degrading capability was low in single culture, significant synergetic cellulose degradation were detected in four groups of mixed cultures, their degradation rates were 23.5%, 26.3%, 19.4% and 24.5%, ... | 2005 | 16474195 |
| response of performance characteristics and fecal consistency to long-lasting dietary supplementation with the probiotic strain bacillus cereus var. toyoi to sows and piglets. | as part of an interdisciplinary research project, we studied the performance response of sows and their litters to the probiotic strain bacillus cereus var. toyoi as well as feces consistency of piglets. gestating sows (n=26) were randomly allotted into two groups. the probiotic b. cereus var. toyoi was administered by dietary supplementation to one group of sows and their respective litters (probiotic group) whereas the second group (control group) received no probiotic supplementation. the dur ... | 2005 | 16429826 |
| purification and characterization of bacillus cereus protease suitable for detergent industry. | an extracellular alkaline protease from an alkalophilic bacterium, bacillus cereus, was produced in a large amount by the method of extractive fermentation. the protease is thermostable, ph tolerant, and compatible with commercial laundry detergents. the protease purified and characterized in this study was found to be superior to endogenous protease already present in commercial laundry detergents. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, concentration by ultraf ... | 2005 | 16377846 |
| impact of non typical food matrice and cell density on bacillus cereus emetic toxin production. | 2005 | 16366265 | |
| [symptoms of food-borne diseases and gastroenteritis in kyushu, japan]. | in this study we analyzed the symptoms of gastroenteritis or food-borne disease caused by the 10 most prevalent pathogens: norovirus, salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), shigella sonnei/flexneri (shigella), staphylococcus aureus, and emetic-type bacillus cereus. the symptoms diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and headache, and the incubation period in 646 cases i ... | 2005 | 16366357 |
| gibberellins-producing rhizobacteria increase endogenous gibberellins content and promote growth of red peppers. | the growth of red pepper plants was enhanced by treatment with the rhizobacterium, bacillus cereus mj-1. red pepper shoots showed a 1.38-fold increase in fresh weight (fw) and roots showed a 1.28-fold fw gain. this plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) has been reported to produce gibberellins (gas). other gas-producing rhizobacteria, bacillus macroides cj-29 and bacillus pumilus cj-69, also enhanced the fw of the plants. they were less effective than b. cereus mj-1, though. the endogenou ... | 2005 | 16410767 |
| top-down proteomics for rapid identification of intact microorganisms. | we apply maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometry for the rapid and high-confidence identification of intact bacillus spore species. in this method, fragment ion spectra of whole (undigested) protein biomarkers are obtained without the need for biomarker prefractionation, digestion, separation, and cleanup. laser-induced dissociation (unimolecular decay) of higher mass (>5 kda) precursor ions in the first tof analyzer is followed by reacceleration and subsequent high-resolution mass analysis of the resul ... | 2005 | 16285700 |
| comparative studies on potential of consortium and constituent pure bacterial isolates to decolorize azo dyes. | the decolorization potential of the consortium hm-4 constituted by mixing four laboratory isolates identified as bacillus cereus (bn-7), pseudomonas putida (bn-4), pseudomonas fluorescens (bn-5) and stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila (bn-3) was compared with that of individual isolates. six different azo dyes viz., c.i. acid red 88 (ar-88), c.i. acid red 119 (ar-119), c.i. acid red 97 (ar-97), c.i. reactive red 120 (rr-120), c.i. acid blue 113 (ab-113) and c.i. acid brown 100 (ab-100) were used in ... | 2005 | 16289280 |
| ligand requirements for glms ribozyme self-cleavage. | natural rna catalysts (ribozymes) perform essential reactions in biological rna processing and protein synthesis, whereby catalysis is intrinsic to rna structure alone or in combination with metal ion cofactors. the recently discovered glms ribozyme is unique in that it functions as a glucosamine-6-phosphate (glcn6p)-dependent catalyst believed to enable "riboswitch" regulation of amino-sugar biosynthesis in certain prokaryotes. however, it is unclear whether glcn6p functions as an effector or c ... | 2005 | 16298301 |
| use of oligonucleotide array for identification of six foodborne pathogens and pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on selective media. | identification of presumptive foodborne pathogens grown on selective media may take one to several days and requires a different battery of biochemical tests for each microorganism. a molecular identification method was developed in which universal primers were used to amplify the 16s to 23s rdna intergenic spacer of target microorganisms, and pcr products were hybridized to a panel of species-specific oligonucleotides that were immobilized on a nylon membrane. the seven target microorganisms we ... | 2005 | 16300063 |
| thermal resistance of spores from virulent strains of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogates. | the objective of this study was to determine the thermal resistance of spores of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogates. the heat resistance of spores suspended in buffer (ph 7.0 or 4.5), milk, or orange juice was determined at 70, 80, and 90 degrees c. d-values for b. anthracis strains sterne, vollum, and pasteur ranged from < 1 min at 90 degrees c to approximately 200 min at 70 degrees c and were lower under acidic than under neutral conditions. the d-values for b. anthracis spores fell w ... | 2005 | 16300074 |
| differential activity of a lectin from solieria filiformis against human pathogenic bacteria. | a lectin isolated from the red alga solieria filiformis was evaluated for its effect on the growth of 8 gram-negative and 3 gram-positive bacteria cultivated in liquid medium (three independent experiments/bacterium). the lectin (500 microg/ml) stimulated the growth of the gram-positive species bacillus cereus and inhibited the growth of the gram-negative species serratia marcescens, salmonella typhi, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus sp, and pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1000 m ... | 2005 | 16302091 |
| purification and characterization of extracellular 1,2-alpha-l-fucosidase from bacillus cereus. | bacillus cereus isolated from a soil sample, inductively produced alpha-l-fucosidase in culture medium containing porcine gastric mucin (pgm). the production of the enzyme was also weakly induced by l-fucose and d-arabinose, but not by other sugars including glucose. the enzyme was purified 61-fold with an overall recovery of 1.8% from the culture fluid supplemented with pgm by ammonium sulfate precipitation, acetone fractionation, and subsequent column chromatography. the purified enzyme was fo ... | 2005 | 16233842 |
| deposition of ctab-terminated nanorods on bacteria to form highly conducting hybrid systems. | gold nanorods and nanospheres capped with positively charged ctab are deposited on the surface of gram-positive bacterium having negatively charged teichoic acid brushes. the deposition rate is more than an order of magnitude faster than that for peptide and nucleic acid capped nanoparticles. for the nanorods, never been reported before, the strong electrostatic attraction causes the rods to bend conformally over the curved bacterium surface in random orientations. this leads to formation of an ... | 2005 | 16351078 |
| biofilm formation and sporulation by bacillus cereus on a stainless steel surface and subsequent resistance of vegetative cells and spores to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer. | biofilm formation by bacillus cereus 038-2 on stainless steel coupons, sporulation in the biofilm as affected by nutrient availability, temperature, and relative humidity, and the resistance of vegetative cells and spores in biofilm to sanitizers were investigated. total counts in biofilm formed on coupons immersed in tryptic soy broth (tsb) at 12 and 22 degrees c consisted of 99.94% of vegetative cells and 0.06% of spores. coupons on which biofilm had formed were immersed in tsb or exposed to a ... | 2005 | 16355833 |
| determination of the antimicrobial properties of oligo-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. | oligo-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (ohna) was synthesized by oxidative polycondensation using h2o2 (35%, aqueous solution), air o2 and naocl (34%, aqueous solution) by kaya and senol and the products were characterized by spectral techniques. antimicrobial activities of the first and second fractions of ohna were tested against corynobacterium xerosis ccm 2824, proteus vulgaris atcc 6897, staphylococcus epidermidis nrrl b-4877, s. aureus atcc 6538, enterobacter aerogenes atcc 13048, salmonella thy ... | 2005 | 16355978 |
| antibacterial activity of coumarins. | the antibacterial activity of coumarin per se and other 45 coumarin derivatives was tested against strains of bacillus cereus mip 96016, escherichia coli atcc 25922, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, and staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923. the inhibitory effects of coumarins were affected by their substitution patterns. osthenol (44) showed the most effective antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria with mic values ranging between 125 and 62.5 microg/ml. these results suggested that ... | 2005 | 16320610 |
| efficient growth inhibition of bacillus anthracis by knocking out the ribonucleotide reductase tyrosyl radical. | bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a worldwide problem because of the need for effective treatment of respiratory infections shortly after exposure. one potential key enzyme of b. anthracis to be targeted by antiproliferative drugs is ribonucleotide reductase. it provides deoxyribonucleotides for dna synthesis needed for spore germination and growth of the pathogen. we have cloned, purified, and characterized the tyrosyl radical-carrying nrdf component of b. anthracis class i ... | 2005 | 16322104 |
| binding of harvested bacterial exopolymers to the surface of calcite. | biologically produced exopolysaccharides (eps) affect calcite dissolution and precipitation. in this study, natural alkaliphilic microbial isolates were collected from biofilms on historic limestone. the isolates were screened for their ability to produce significant quantities of eps in cultures. the most productive isolates were identified by 16s rrna sequence analysis as a close relative of bacillus cereus. eps with different chemical structures were harvested from the isolates. isothermal ti ... | 2005 | 16323775 |
| antioxidant and antibacterial activities of rumex japonicus houtt. aerial parts. | we evaluated total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, reducing power and antibacterial activity of ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of rumex japonicus houtt. the ethyl acetate extract had the highest amount of phenolic compounds. it also exhibited the highest reducing power and antioxidant activity when assayed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), beta-carotene bleaching and superoxide radical methods. the ethyl acetate extract possesse ... | 2005 | 16327154 |
| spatial variation in bacillus thuringiensis/cereus populations within the phyllosphere of broad-leaved dock (rumex obtusifolius) and surrounding habitats. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and toxin gene diversity of bacillus thuringiensis/b. cereus in the phyllosphere of broad-leaved dock (rumex obtusifolius) at a small spatial scale. b. thuringiensis/cereus populations were isolated from the phyllosphere of dock and neighbouring grass and in neighbouring soil using commercially available selective media which avoided the disadvantageous heat-shock selection procedure. the maximum density of b. thuringiensis/cereus in the dock ... | 2005 | 16332339 |
| distribution of genes encoding putative virulence factors and fragment length polymorphisms in the vrra gene among brazilian isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | one hundred twenty-one strains of the bacillus cereus complex, of which 80 were isolated from a variety of sources in brazil, were screened by pcr for the presence of sequences (bcet, hbla, nhebc, plc, sph, and vip3a) encoding putative virulence factors and for polymorphisms in variable-number tandem repeats (vntr), using a variable region of the vrra open reading frame as the target. amplicons were generated from isolates of b. cereus and bacillus thuringiensis for each of the sequences encodin ... | 2005 | 16332792 |
| production and characterization of antibodies against each of the three subunits of the bacillus cereus nonhemolytic enterotoxin complex. | the nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) is one of the two three-component enterotoxins which are responsible for diarrheal food poisoning syndrome caused by bacillus cereus. to facilitate the detection of this toxin, consisting of the subunits nhea, nheb, and nhec, a complete set of high-affinity antibodies against each of the three components was established and characterized. a rabbit antiserum specific for the c-terminal part (15 amino acids) of nhec was produced using a respective synthetic pepti ... | 2005 | 16332805 |
| flha influences bacillus thuringiensis plcr-regulated gene transcription, protein production, and virulence. | bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are closely related. b. thuringiensis is well known for its entomopathogenic properties, principally due to the synthesis of plasmid-encoded crystal toxins. b. cereus appears to be an emerging opportunistic human pathogen. b. thuringiensis and b. cereus produce many putative virulence factors which are positively controlled by the pleiotropic transcriptional regulator plcr. the inactivation of plcr decreases but does not abolish virulence, indicating th ... | 2005 | 16332888 |
| rapid ped-2e9 cell-based cytotoxicity analysis and genotyping of bacillus species. | bacillus species causing food-borne disease produce multiple toxins eliciting gastroenteritis. toxin assays with mammalian cell cultures are reliable but may take 24 to 72 h to complete and also lack sensitivity. here, a sensitive and rapid assay was developed using a murine hybridoma ped-2e9 cell model. bacillus culture supernatants containing toxins were added to a ped-2e9 cell line and analyzed for cytotoxicity with an alkaline phosphatase release assay. most bacillus cereus strains produced ... | 2005 | 16333068 |