Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| fiber digestion in the beaver. | 2007 | 5007122 | |
| bibliography of the current world literature in hypertension. | 2007 | 2168447 | |
| aberrant expression of intestinal mucin antigens associated with colorectal carcinoma defined by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. | small intestine mucin antigen (sima) is an oncofoetal antigen for the colon and is distinct from the normal large intestinal mucin antigen (lima). in the present study, a panel of anti-sima and anti-lima monoclonal antibodies (mab) was used to charaterise altered mucin expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunoassays of tissue extracts. these results are compared with cea expression and correlated with various clinicopathological indices. all mucin ... | 2007 | 1931599 |
| bacteriological methods in diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. | 2007 | 3771495 | |
| esophageal function and dysfunction. | 2007 | 1951923 | |
| hypertensive emergencies. | a hypertensive emergency is a rare event in which an acute elevation of blood pressure causes rapid progressive end-organ damage. cardiovascular, renal and central nervous system syndromes may be associated with acute blood pressure elevations. prompt treatment with antihypertensive agents should be initiated while the patient is closely monitored. lowering the blood pressure too quickly can exacerbate symptoms and decrease organ blood flow. treatment must be individualized depending on the end ... | 2007 | 1950972 |
| the effect of caffeine on postprandial blood pressure in the frail elderly. | in a double-blind, random-order, cross-over study the effects of placebo and 100 mg of caffeine on postprandial sitting and erect blood pressure and heart rate were studied in 20 frail elderly subjects (mean age 84, range 75-93 years) after a standardized 400 k-calorie glucose drink. maximal postprandial reduction in sitting systolic blood pressure occurred, at 60 minutes post-placebo, of - 11 mmhg (95% confidence interval -5 to -17 mmhg, p less than 0.01), and was attenuated by caffeine (p less ... | 2007 | 1924023 |
| intravenous immunoglobulin and pyridoxine-dependent seizures. | 2007 | 1891109 | |
| soft fibroma-like lesions on the legs of a patient with kaposi's sarcoma and lymphedema. | the case of a patient who developed multiple soft fibroma-like lesions on his lower extremities affected by lymphedema and kaposi's sarcoma is reported. to the best of our knowledge, the coexistence of these three pathologic processes is unusual and has never been described before in the literature. | 2007 | 1951987 |
| distinction of mesothelioma from carcinoma in pleural effusions. an immunocytochemical study on routinely processed cytoblock preparations. | the study was designed to find out whether the commercially available antibodies bma 130 c, bma 120, v 9, kl 1, b 72.3 tag, hea 125 and ber-ep 4 would be of help in distinguishing carcinomas from a mesothelial process (mesothelioma/pleuritis) in pleural effusion specimens routinely processed by the cytoblock method. all of the 20 carcinomas included in the study but also 19 of the 20 mesotheliomas expressed cytokeratin (kl 1), whereas vimentin expression was found in 7 of the 20 carcinomas and 1 ... | 2007 | 1876528 |
| indigent health care in emergency medicine: an academic perspective. | 2007 | 2064102 | |
| the battered nurse executive. | 2007 | 2725981 | |
| gastric volvulus--a late complication of gastrostomy. | two cases of gastric volvulus are reviewed. both patients were nonverbal, mentally handicapped children, who were fed through a gastrostomy. they had intermittent intolerance to bolus feeds through the gastrostomy, accompanied by abdominal distension and vomiting of gastric contents. one had a previous partial fundoplication and gastrostomy, and the other had had two pyloroplasties and gastrostomy. the axis of torsion ran from the esophagogastric junction to the gastrostomy site. both children w ... | 2007 | 1913395 |
| a new manual method for assessing two-dimensional cancellous bone structure: comparison between iliac crest and lumbar vertebra. | we have developed a simple method for the direct analysis of two-dimensional trabecular structure. using this method, we have compared the structure of the left and right iliac crest and the second lumbar vertebra and studied the relationship between two-dimensional trabecular structure and the ultimate compressive stress of bone samples from the second lumbar vertebra. transverse cores were taken from the left and right iliac crests and second lumbar vertebrae of 35 subjects (12 females) who di ... | 2007 | 1950674 |
| [heterotopic pregnancy. a case report and review of the literature]. | a case reported of simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy, is presented, accompanied by a spontaneous abortion, in the 8th week of gestation, and 3 weeks later, rupture of left tubal pregnancy. frequency and etiologic factors, as well as diagnostic possibilities are discussed. | 2007 | 1797620 |
| legal case briefs for nurses. or.: did nurse fail to call ambulance?; "hearsay evidence"; ga.: agency seeks injunction vs. former employee: "trade secret". | 2007 | 1876706 | |
| body mass index variations: centiles from birth to 87 years. | this report provides body mass index (weight/height2) values for the french population from birth to the age of 87 years. bmi curves increase during the first year, decrease until the age of 6, increase again up to 65 years and decrease thereafter. these variations reflect the total changes of fat body mass during life. the 50th centile values of wt/ht2 at the ages of 20, 40, 60, 80 years are 21.5, 24.6, 25.4, 24.4 kg/m2 for men and 20.6, 22.6, 24.1, 23.4 kg/m2 for women. the values for the 3rd, ... | 2007 | 1855495 |
| compatibility of ciprofloxacin injection with selected drugs and solutions. | the compatibility of ciprofloxacin injection with selected antimicrobials and aminophylline was studied. ciprofloxacin, amikacin sulfate, aminophylline, clindamycin phosphate, gentamicin sulfate, and tobramycin sulfate were mixed separately in minibags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection; admixtures were stored for up to 48 hours at either 4 degrees c or 25 degrees c. ciprofloxacin was also combined separately with each of the other drugs and solutions and stored u ... | 2007 | 1781473 |
| lauryl sulphate haemoglobin: a non-hazardous substitute for hicn in haemoglobinometry. | the haemiglobincyanide (hicn) method for measuring haemoglobin is used extensively worldwide; its advantage is the ready availability of a stable and internationally accepted reference standard/calibrator. however, its use may create a problem, especially in automated analysers, as the waste disposal of large volumes of reagent containing cyanide may constitute a potential toxic hazard. as an alternative, conversion of haemoglobin to a sulphate derivative by nontoxic sodium lauryl sulphate has b ... | 2007 | 1794230 |
| c1r subcomponent polymorphism in japanese: description of a new allele. | the polymorphism of c1r was investigated in 570 unrelated japanese individuals using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. a total of 11 different c1r phenotypes including a new pattern designated c1r 11-1 were observed. the allele frequencies were c1r*1 = 0.4561, c1r*2 = 0.3377, c1r*5 = 0.1956, c1r*8 = 0.0088 and c1r*r (c1r*9 and c1r*11) = 0.0018. the population data fitted the hardy-weinberg equilibrium. the c1r polymorphism in japanese was shown to be controlled by 3 common alleles, c1r*1, ... | 2007 | 1855783 |
| [the diagnosis and method of surgical treatment in dislocation of the brain under the falx cerebri in craniocerebral trauma]. | in 6.6% of cases a severe craniocerebral trauma is accompanied with dislocation of the brain under the falx cerebri with incarceration of the cingulate gyrus. the diagnosis of dislocation under the falx in intracranial traumatic hematoma and brain contusion-crushing is discussed. falxotomy may be among the methods for the prevention or correction of incarceration of the cingulate gyrus. the authors suggest an operative approach for performing falxotomy with little injury as well as a surgical in ... | 2007 | 2168652 |
| effects of dialysis membranes on beta 2-microglobulin production and cellular expression. | we investigated the effects of different dialysis membranes on the production of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures (pbmnc) obtained from hemodialysis patients in a prospective cross-over design study. chronic dialysis with cuprophane membrane leads to an increase in beta 2m production from 129 +/- 11 ng/ml to 192 +/- 23 ng/ml (p less than 0.002). this increase is reversed by the use of a non-complement activating membrane polymethylmethacrylate. in addi ... | 2007 | 2266681 |
| effects of dialysis membranes on beta 2-microglobulin production and cellular expression. | we investigated the effects of different dialysis membranes on the production of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures (pbmnc) obtained from hemodialysis patients in a prospective cross-over design study. chronic dialysis with cuprophane membrane leads to an increase in beta 2m production from 129 +/- 11 ng/ml to 192 +/- 23 ng/ml (p less than 0.002). this increase is reversed by the use of a non-complement activating membrane polymethylmethacrylate. in addi ... | 2007 | 2266681 |
| [clinical investigation of hepatectomies for hepatocellular carcinoma--significance of extended hepatectomy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma]. | although the diagnostic methods for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) are now being improved, there are still many cases detected at advanced stage. we, based on the redox theory and using a technique of vascular surgery and liver transplantation, made it possible to perform the extended hepatectomy more actively even in the advanced cases which were previously considered to be in-operable. we report these extended hepatectomies in this paper. from january 1985 to august 1989, we performed 263 hepa ... | 2007 | 2168926 |
| external fixators and their use. | 2007 | 1941748 | |
| informed consent in dentistry: the impact of "who pays the bills?". | this paper analyzes the concept of informed consent in dentistry from a bioethical and philosophical perspective. it is my contention that informed consent, as presently utilized in daily dental practice, might be illusory at best. after analysis of the concept in general to derive a philosophical underpinning, this basis is applied to alternate delivery systems including medicaid, capitation programs, and the "overbilling" scenario. then an approach that is respectful of the patient's autonomy ... | 2007 | 2634748 |
| effects of inhaled and oral corticosteroids on bone. | 2007 | 1867455 | |
| immediate and late inflammatory responses to ragweed antigen challenge of the peripheral airways in allergic asthmatics. cellular, mediator, and permeability changes. | asthma may represent the clinical manifestations of a unique form of chronic airway inflammation and is often associated with allergy. to better define the components of allergic inflammation in the lung, fluids obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were examined for cells, inflammatory mediators, and markers of airway permeability 5 min and 19 h following instillation of ragweed antigen directly into an airway segment of allergic asthmatic subjects. the 5-min response to antigen challenge (n ... | 2007 | 2064141 |
| [hemodynamic and respiratory changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy carried out under epidural anesthesia]. | 2007 | 1839167 | |
| alternating-pattern z-plasties in association with v-y advancements: a new idea of multiple z-plasties. | a new principle of arrangement in multiple z-plasties is advocated. by placing z's in an alternating pattern in combination with v-y plasties, more effective and harmless elongation of skin will be possible. | 2007 | 1852835 |
| use of gore-tex (polytetrafluoroethylene) in the anophthalmic socket. | the gore-tex soft tissue patch is composed of large open spaces surrounded by polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) fibers connected to nodules of solid ptfe. it was used in 12 oculoplastic surgery patients. primary and secondary spherical silicone implants were wrapped with a gore-tex patch and implanted into tenon's capsule. this study reports our first results using this versatile material. | 2007 | 2248727 |
| theophylline toxicity. | 2007 | 1995754 | |
| [health indicators in urban areas. variations in function of social coherence of the geographic areas used]. | the detection of health inequalities in the urban environment and their magnitude depends to a great extent on the internal social coherence of the geographical division used. using an existing social map of alicante which divides the city into basic units for social intervention (busi), we have compared the distribution of an indicator with wellknown relationship with the socio-economic level such as low birth weight, using both the busi and the municipal districts as analysis units. the data o ... | 2007 | 2045222 |
| the infrahyoid musculocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction. | the infrahyoid musculocutaneous flap (ihmf), as first described by wang in 1986, is mainly nourished by the superior thyroid vessels through the perforators of the infrahyoid muscles (i.e., sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, superior belly of the omohyoid muscle). this thin flap, usually extending from the hyoid bone to the sternal notch at the central part of the anterior neck, provides a skin island of about 4 by 8 cm. after these muscles have been divided from their origins, the flap c ... | 2007 | 1951898 |
| annotated list of ticks (acari: ixodidae, argasidae) reported in peru: distribution, hosts, and bibliography. | a literature review and compilation of the tick specimens found in peru and now held in the national tick collection was carried out to develop a working list of the tick species likely to be found in peru. evidence of 44 species (29 ixodidae, 15 argasidae), was found; representatives of 40 species are held as reference specimens. this report adds 14 species to the previously published list. | 2007 | 1941924 |
| [the obstetric risk in adolescent primiparous females]. | the obstetric risks in primiparae between 12 and 17 years of age have been reviewed in cases treated at our hospital from 1982 to 1987. we looked for intrauterine foetal deaths, premature deliveries (birth weight less than 2500 g), breech presentations, preeclampsia, caesarean sectio rate, forceps rate, and thirdstage complications. the risks found in the group of 476 young primiparae were compared to those amongst the 26,768 overall deliveries during the same period. the incidence of breech pre ... | 2007 | 2737441 |
| olfactory dysfunction in parkinson's disease. | an olfactory function test in 18 patients with parkinson's disease (pd) and 10 age-matched control subjects was performed. both detection and recognition thresholds were measured with five kinds of synthesized odorants (t & t olfactometry). before each test, rhinoscopic inspections were performed to exclude subjects who could have respiratory hyposmia. both detection and recognition thresholds in patients with pd were significantly elevated in comparison with those of control subjects. auditory ... | 2007 | 1852411 |
| replantation in children. | the authors have replanted 162 parts in 120 children over the past 15 years. the youngest patient, undergoing successful replantation, was aged 7 months, 3 weeks. unlike an adult, any child suffering a traumatic amputation should be considered for a possible replantation. replantation should consist of minimal bone shortening to preserve epiphyseal plates, with repair of all severed structures. longitudinal k-wires usually provide adequate fixation. our survival rate for complete replantation in ... | 2007 | 1865815 |
| illumination and errors in dispensing. | the relationship between the level of illumination and the prescription-dispensing error rate in a high-volume army outpatient pharmacy was investigated. the prescription error rate was determined by direct, undisguised observation and retrospective prescription review under three levels of illumination (45, 102, and 146 foot-candles) during 21 consecutive weekdays. illumination was controlled in the prescription-checking area of the pharmacy by using additional fluorescent lamps and filters. th ... | 2007 | 1781468 |
| in the aftermath: health care in kuwait city. | 2007 | 1865865 | |
| locked in state. a clinicopathological study. | two patients developed the locked-in state characterised by quadriplegia and mutism with an alert sensorium. initially they had mild dysarthria and uncrossed hemisensory or hemimotor deficits involving the face and ipsilateral extremities. both patients died. rostral brainstem infarctions were found at autopsy in them. acute onset of uncrossed hemisensory and hemimotor deficits with dysarthria may be caused by infarction of the pons which may predispose to locked-in state. | 2007 | 2391307 |
| fluorosis, osteopetrosis, and ectopic calcification. | 2007 | 2223455 | |
| fluorosis, osteopetrosis, and ectopic calcification. | 2007 | 2223455 | |
| myopic excimer laser keratectomy. a preliminary report. | 2007 | 1936430 | |
| [internal tooth resorption]. | 2007 | 2206646 | |
| shigella isolates of nepal: changes in the incidence of shigella subgroups and trends of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. | shigellosis is an important cause of bloody diarrhoea in all age groups, especially in children. a retrospective study was done to analyse the pattern of shigella isolates and the antimicrobial susceptibility trend of these shigella isolated at different hospitals of nepal from jan, 2003- dec, 2005. | 2007 | 18603983 |
| direct detection of shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium in human feces by real-time pcr. | we have established a sybr green-based realtime pcr method using anydirect solution, which enhances pcr from whole blood, for direct amplification of the vira gene of shigella flexneri and the inva gene of salmonella typhimurium from human feces without prior dna purification. when we compared the efficiency of conventional or realtime pcr amplification of the vira and inva genes from the supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with s. flexneri and s. typhimurium in the presence or absence of a ... | 2007 | 18156776 |
| [antimicrobial effect of 4-(adamantyl-1)-1-(1-aminobutyl)benzol]. | antimicrobial activity in vitro of adamantine derivative in respect of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms has been studied. in these conditions gram-positive bacteria and some representatives of gram-negative microorganisms (shigella flexneri, s. newvcastle, enterobacter aerogenes etc.) had maximal sensitivity (mic 0.6-5.0 and 0.1-5.0 mg/ml, respectively). pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to this substance (mic >1 mg/ml). | 2007 | 18217353 |
| identification of novel genomic islands associated with small rnas. | genome evolution in prokaryotes is assisted by integration of gene pools from phages and plasmids. regions downstream of trnas and tmrnas are considered as hot spots for the integration of these gene pools or genomic islands. till date, genomic islands have been identified only at trna/tmrna genes in the enterobacterial genomes. present work reports 10 distinct small rnas as potent integration sites for genomic islands. a known tool trnacc 1.0 has been used to identify genomic islands associated ... | 2007 | 18467773 |
| effect of hand wash agents on controlling the transmission of pathogenic bacteria from hands to food. | the goals of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of two hand wash regimens in reducing transient bacteria on the skin following a single hand wash and the subsequent transfer of the bacteria to a ready-to-eat food item, freshly cut cantaloupe melon. the number of bacteria recovered from hands and the quantity transferred to the melon were significantly less following the use of an antibacterial soap compared with plain soap. the antimicrobial soap achieved > 3-log reductions versus esc ... | 2007 | 18095447 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella flexneri and s. dysenteriae isolated from stool specimens of patients with bloody diarrhoea in mwanza, tanzania. | this study was conducted to determine frequency and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella species isolated from stool specimens collected from patients presenting with bloody diarrhoea in mwanza city, tanzania. the study was carried out from october 2004 to october 2005 and involved patients attending sekou toure regional hospital and butimba health centre. bacteriological cultures were done at the national institute for medical research laboratory. a total of 489 patients (median ... | 2007 | 18087897 |
| cloning, expression, purification, characterization, crystallization and x-ray diffraction of bifunctional pyrimidine deaminase/reductase from shigella flexneri 2a. | bifunctional pyrimidine deaminase/reductase (ribd) plays an important role during riboflavin biosynthesis in many microorganisms. the 40.4 kda ribd from shigella flexneri 2a has been cloned, expressed, purified and characterized. three crystals of ribd have been obtained by the hanging-drop technique at 291 k using peg 20k or nacl as precipitant. the ribd crystal using peg 20k as precipitant diffracted to 2.5a. | 2007 | 18045236 |
| comparing invasive and non-invasive of isolated shigella flexneri by electron microscopy of cell culture, sds-page and congo red method. | the aim of this study was to compare invasive and non-invasive strains of shigella flexneri isolated from tehran by a 120 kda protein band by sds-page, electron microscopy of cell culture and congo red dye methods. | 2007 | 18051704 |
| structural insights into the enzymatic mechanism of the pathogenic mapk phosphothreonine lyase. | the ospf family of phosphothreonine lyase, including spvc from salmonella, irreversibly inactivates the dual-phosphorylated host mapks (pt-x-py) through beta elimination. we determined crystal structures of spvc and its complex with a phosphopeptide substrate. spvc adopts a unique fold of alpha/beta type. the disordered n terminus harbors a canonical d motif for mapk substrate docking. the enzyme-substrate complex structure indicates that recognition of the phosphotyrosine followed by insertion ... | 2007 | 18060821 |
| [expression profile analysis of host hela cells invasived by shigella flexneri 2a]. | the changes of genes expression in hela cell during the invasion with shigella species for 1h and 3h were analyzed by cdna microarrays. the data showed that the expression levels of 752 genes were altered twice or greater as compared with the control 509 of them were up-regulated, and 306 were down-regulated. it was supposed that some signal pathways in hela cell were activated, then many genes were induced, and at last comprehensive cell responses were produced, so that hela cell could prevent ... | 2007 | 18062254 |
| changing patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella serotypes isolated from children with acute diarrhea in manipal, south india, a 5 year study. | this study was carried out to determine the current pattern of shigella serogroups and their antimicrobial resistance in children with acute gastroenteritis in manipal, south india. a total of 1,200 stool samples were collected from april 2001 to may 2006 in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis attending the out-patient department of pediatrics at kasturba hospital, manipal, south india. these samples were cultured for enteric pathogens. the isolates were confirmed to be shigella by bio ... | 2007 | 18041303 |
| secretory iga mediates bacterial translocation to dendritic cells in mouse peyer's patches with restriction to mucosal compartment. | in addition to fulfilling its function of immune exclusion at mucosal surfaces, secretory iga (siga) ab exhibits the striking feature to adhere selectively to m cells in the mouse and human intestinal peyer's patches (pps). subsequent uptake drives the siga ab to dendritic cells (dcs), which become partially activated. using freshly isolated mouse dcs, we found that the interaction with siga was tissue and dc subtype dependent. only dcs isolated from pps and mesenteric lymph nodes interacted wit ... | 2007 | 18025221 |
| the distribution of insertion sequences in the genome of shigella flexneri strain 2457t. | shigella flexneri, which causes shigellosis in humans, evolved from escherichia coli. the sequencing of shigella genomes has revealed that a large number of insertion sequence (is) elements (over 200 elements) reside in the genome. although the presence of these elements has been noted previously and summarized, more detailed analyses are required to understand their evolutionary significance. here, the genome of s. flexneri strain 2457t is used to investigate the spatial distribution of is copi ... | 2007 | 18031340 |
| epidemiology and clinical presentation of shigellosis in children less than five years of age in rural mozambique. | rectal swabs were collected from 1354 children <5 years of age with diarrhea attending manhiça district hospital and from 227 healthy community controls. shigellosis incidence was high among children aged 12-47 months (488.4/10(5) child-years at risk). fever and dysentery were prominent clinical findings. shigella was more frequently isolated from cases than controls (6.7% versus 0.4%, p = 0.004), and from dysentery than nondysenteric diarrhea (24.1% versus 3.5%, p < 0.001). shigella flexneri 2a ... | 2007 | 17984817 |
| type iii secretion effectors of the ipah family are e3 ubiquitin ligases. | many bacteria pathogenic for plants or animals, including shigella spp., which is responsible for shigellosis in humans, use a type iii secretion apparatus to inject effector proteins into host cells. effectors alter cell signaling and host responses induced upon infection; however, their precise biochemical activities have been elucidated in very few cases. utilizing saccharomyces cerevisiae as a surrogate host, we show that the shigella effector ipah9.8 interrupts pheromone response signaling ... | 2007 | 18005683 |
| microbial pathogen-induced necrotic cell death mediated by the inflammasome components cias1/cryopyrin/nlrp3 and asc. | cryopyrin (cias1, nlrp3) and asc are components of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex required for caspase-1 activation and cytokine il-1beta production. cias1 mutations underlie autoinflammation characterized by excessive il-1beta secretion. disease-associated cryopyrin also causes a program of necrosis-like cell death in macrophages, the mechanistic details of which are unknown. we find that patient monocytes carrying disease-associated cias1 mutations exhibit excessive necrosis-like dea ... | 2007 | 18005730 |
| crystal structure of an apo form of shigella flexneri arsh protein with an nadph-dependent fmn reductase activity. | the arsh gene or its homologs are a frequent part of the arsenic resistance system in bacteria and eukaryotes. although a specific biological function of the gene product is unknown, the arsh protein was annotated as a member of the nadph-dependent fmn reductase family based on a conserved (t/s)xrxxsx(t/s) fingerprint motif common for fmn binding proteins. presented here are the first crystal structure of an arsh protein from shigella flexneri refined at 1.7 a resolution and results of enzymatic ... | 2007 | 17962405 |
| multilocus sequence typing analysis of shigella flexneri isolates collected in asian countries. | the multilocus sequence typing scheme used previously for phylogenetic analysis of escherichia coli was applied to 107 clinical isolates of shigella flexneri. dna sequencing of 3423 bp throughout seven housekeeping genes identified eight new allele types and ten new sequence types among the isolates. s. flexneri serotypes 1-5, x and y were clustered together in a group containing many allelic variants while serotype 6 formed a distinct group, as previously established. | 2007 | 17965345 |
| [rapid detection of three foodborne pathogenic bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detector]. | a method for monitoring foodborne pathogenic bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)--capillary electrophoresis (ce) with a laser induced fluorescence detector was developed. three sets of primers were designed to amplify the gene segments of uida gene in e. coli. o157:h7, inva gene in salmonella and ipah gene in shigella, individually. the multiple pcr system and the separation conditions of ce were optimized. using a capillary coated with linear polyacrylamide and sieving buffer ... | 2007 | 17970100 |
| vinculin binding in its closed conformation by a helix addition mechanism. | vinculin links integrin receptors to the actin cytoskeleton by binding to talin. vinculin is held in an inactive, closed-clamp conformation through hydrophobic interactions between its head and tail domains, and vinculin activation has long been thought to be dependent upon severing the head-tail interaction. talin, alpha-actinin, and the invasin ipaa of shigella flexneri sever vinculin's head-tail interaction by inserting an alpha-helix into vinculin's n-terminal four-helical bundle, provoking ... | 2007 | 17932491 |
| safety and immunogenicity of cvd 1208s, a live, oral deltaguaba deltasen deltaset shigella flexneri 2a vaccine grown on animal-free media. | a previous phase 1 trial demonstrated that shigella flexneri 2a deleted in guaba, sen and set (strain cvd 1208) is well-tolerated and immunogenic after a single oral dose of 10(8) or 10(9) cfu. to facilitate further clinical development, the strain was reconstructed using animal-free media to conform to regulatory guidelines, and designated cvd1208s. healthy inpatient volunteers were randomized (double-blind) to receive a single oral dose of either cvd 1208s (10(8) [n = 7] or 10(9) [n = 7] cfu) ... | 2007 | 17938573 |
| transcription-termination-mediated immunity and its prevention in bacteriophage sfv of shigella flexneri. | the temperate phage sfv encodes the genes responsible for the serotype conversion of shigella flexneri strains from serotype y to 5a. bacteriophages often encode proteins that prevent subsequent infection by homologous phages; the mechanism by which this is accomplished is referred to as superinfection immunity. the serotype conversion mediated following lysogenization of sfv is one such mechanism. another mechanism is the putative lambda-like ci protein within sfv. this study reports the charac ... | 2007 | 17947546 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance conferred by qnrs1 in salmonella enterica serovar virchow isolated from turkish food of avian origin. | to study the molecular characteristics of the quinolone and associated ampicillin resistance mechanisms present in salmonella enterica serovar virchow isolated from turkish foods. | 2007 | 17881633 |
| dynamic proteome changes of shigella flexneri 2a during transition from exponential growth to stationary phase. | shigella flexneri is an infectious pathogen that causes dysentery to human, which remains a serious threat to public health, particularly in developing countries. in this study, the global protein expression patterns of s. flexneri during transition from exponential growth to stationary phase in vitro were analyzed by using 2-d page combined with maldi-tof ms. in a time-course experiment with five time points, the relative abundance of 49 protein spots varied significantly. interestingly, a puta ... | 2007 | 17893076 |
| the type iii secretion system of proteus mirabilis hi4320 does not contribute to virulence in the mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. | the gram-negative enteric bacterium proteus mirabilis is a frequent cause of urinary tract infections (utis) in individuals with long-term indwelling catheters or with complicated urinary tracts. the recent release of the p. mirabilis strain hi4320 genome sequence has facilitated identification of potential virulence factors in this organism. genes appearing to encode a type iii secretion system (ttss) were found in a low gc-content pathogenicity island in the p. mirabilis chromosome. this islan ... | 2007 | 17893161 |
| o-antigen modal chain length in shigella flexneri 2a is growth-regulated through rfah-mediated transcriptional control of the wzy gene. | shigella flexneri 2a 2457t produces lipopolysaccharide (lps) with two o-antigen (oag) chain lengths: a short (s-oag) controlled by wzzb and a very long (vl-oag) determined by wzz(phs-2). this study demonstrates that the synthesis and length distribution of the s. flexneri oag are under growth-phase-dependent regulation. quantitative electrophoretic analysis showed that the vl-oag increased during growth while the s-oag distribution remained constant. increased production of vl-oag correlated wit ... | 2007 | 17906147 |
| [study of antibiotic sensitivity of diarrheal microorganisms]. | as it was shown previously, detailed bacteriological analyses of 159 strains, among them museum and newly isolated strains of diarrheal patients from various clinics and bacteriology laboratories of tbilisi was carried out. study of antibiotic susceptibility of 52 strains of salmonella groups a, b, c, d, e and 42 shigella strains, among them 30 shigella flexneri and 12 shigella sonnei strains to 20 antibiotics and 1 chemical preparation was performed. 63% of salmonella strains were susceptible t ... | 2007 | 17595461 |
| analysis of the aerobactin and ferric hydroxamate uptake systems of yersinia pestis. | yersinia pestis genomes contain genes homologous to the aerobactin receptor (iuta) and biosynthetic genes (iucabcd) as well as the ferric hydroxamate uptake system (fhucdb) of escherichia coli. however, iuca is disrupted by a frameshift mutation. an e. coli strain carrying the cloned y. pestis aerobactin region was unable to produce aerobactin, but could use the siderophore as an iron source. repair of the frameshift mutation in iuca did not allow aerobactin production in e. coli or y. pestis. i ... | 2007 | 17600077 |
| nada and nadb of shigella flexneri 5a are antivirulence loci responsible for the synthesis of quinolinate, a small molecule inhibitor of shigella pathogenicity. | the evolution of bacterial pathogens from commensal organisms involves virulence gene acquisition followed by pathoadaptation to the new host, including inactivation of antivirulence loci (avl). avl are core ancestral genes whose expression is incompatible with the pathogenic lifestyle. previous studies identified cada (encoding lysine decarboxylase) as an avl of shigella spp. in this study, avl of shigella were identified by examining a phenotypic difference from its non-pathogenic ancestor, es ... | 2007 | 17600080 |
| cross-species cluster co-conservation: a new method for generating protein interaction networks. | co-conservation (phylogenetic profiles) is a well-established method for predicting functional relationships between proteins. several publicly available databases use this method and additional clustering strategies to develop networks of protein interactions (cluster co-conservation (ccc)). ccc has previously been limited to interactions within a single target species. we have extended ccc to develop protein interaction networks based on co-conservation between protein pairs across multiple sp ... | 2007 | 17803817 |
| identification of the mxih needle protein residues responsible for anchoring invasion plasmid antigen d to the type iii secretion needle tip. | the pathogenesis of shigella flexneri requires a functional type iii secretion apparatus to serve as a conduit for injecting host-altering effector proteins into the membrane and cytoplasm of the targeted cell. the type iii secretion apparatus is composed of a basal body and an exposed needle that is an extended polymer of mxih with a 2.0-nm inner channel. invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad) resides at the tip of the needle to control type iii secretion. the atomic structures of mxih and ipad have ... | 2007 | 17827155 |
| transcriptional profile induced by furazolidone treatment of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for endemic shigellosis especially in developing countries. furazolidone, a nitrofuran derivative, is very effective against the infection with s. flexneri. to examine potential effects of furazolidone on this germ, a whole-genome dna microarray was constructed and transcriptional profiles of the responses to furazolidone were determined. the expressing data revealed adaptive responses of s. flexneri to oxidative stress induce ... | 2007 | 17851659 |
| an h-ns-like stealth protein aids horizontal dna transmission in bacteria. | the sfh protein is encoded by self-transmissible plasmids involved in human typhoid and is closely related to the global regulator h-ns. we have found that sfh provides a stealth function that allows the plasmids to be transmitted to new bacterial hosts with minimal effects on their fitness. introducing the plasmid without the sfh gene imposes a mild h-ns(-) phenotype and a severe loss of fitness due to titration of the cellular pool of h-ns by the a+t-rich plasmid. this stealth strategy seems t ... | 2007 | 17218529 |
| erosion of interaction networks in reduced and degraded genomes. | unlike eukaryotes, which often recruit duplicated genes into existing protein-protein interaction (ppi) networks, the low levels of gene duplication coupled with the high probability of lateral transfer of novel genes alters the manner in which ppi networks can evolve in bacteria. by inferring the ppis present in the ancestor to contemporary gammaproteobacteria, we were able to trace the changes in gene repertoires, and their consequences on ppi network evolution, in several bacterial lineages t ... | 2007 | 17219366 |
| immunogenicity and characterization of wrsf2g11: a second generation live attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain. | recent clinical trials involving live attenuated shigella vaccine strains sc602 and wrss1 have revealed that deletion of the virg(icsa) gene dramatically reduces virulence in human volunteers. these strains can be given at low oral doses and induce a strong, and in some cases, protective immune responses. however, residual vaccine associated reactogenicity suggests that further attenuation is required. a recent clinical trial indicated that the set and sen enterotoxin genes contribute to the sym ... | 2007 | 17229494 |
| shigella chromosomal ipah proteins are secreted via the type iii secretion system and act as effectors. | shigella possess 220 kb plasmid, and the major virulence determinants, called effectors, and the type iii secretion system (ttss) are exclusively encoded by the plasmid. the genome sequences of s. flexneri strains indicate that several ipah family genes are located on both the plasmid and the chromosome, but whether their chromosomal ipah cognates can be secreted from shigella remains unknown. here we report that s. flexneri strain, ysh6000 encodes seven ipah cognate genes on the chromosome and ... | 2007 | 17214743 |
| altered expression of muc2 and muc5ac in response to shigella infection, an in vivo study. | infection of mucosal epithelial cells by shigella species leads to an intense and acute inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by watery diarrhea and purulent discharge. mucin production is a common defense mechanism to protect the underlying mucosa against pathogens. the molecular mechanism(s) underlying mucin induction is unknown in shigellosis. in this study, we have evaluated the relationship between shigella infection, the expression of muc2 and muc5ac and the participation of sig ... | 2007 | 17395379 |
| differences in the electrostatic surfaces of the type iii secretion needle proteins prgi, bsal, and mxih. | gram-negative bacteria use a needle-like protein assembly, the type iii secretion apparatus, to inject virulence factors into target cells to initiate human disease. the needle is formed by the polymerization of approximately 120 copies of a small acidic protein that is conserved among diverse pathogens. we previously reported the structure of the bsal needle monomer from burkholderia pseudomallei by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy and others have determined the crystal structure o ... | 2007 | 17617421 |
| distribution of serogroups and serotypes of multiple drug resistant shigella isolates. | summary | 2007 | 17622331 |
| site-specific modification of shigella flexneri virf mrna by trna-guanine transglycosylase in vitro. | shigella flexneri is an enteropathogen responsible for severe dysentery in humans. virf is a key transcriptional regulator that activates the expression of the downstream virulence factors required for cellular invasion and cell-to-cell spread of this pathogen. there are several environmental factors that induce the translation of virf including temperature, ph, osmolarity and post-transcriptional rna modification. durand and colleagues (vacc, a virulence-associated chromosomal locus of shigella ... | 2007 | 17626052 |
| study of predominant bacterial antigens triggering antibody response in salmonella reactive arthritis: apropos of a case. | reactive arthritis (rea) is a sterile arthritis triggered by distal mucosal infection, which suggests a contribution from bacterial products. the pathogenesis of rea is unclear. there are no international standards for the serological methods used to confirm rea. in the present work, we analyzed the predominant bacterial component that triggered an immune response in a 24-year-old woman with acute rea. the candidate bacterial trigger was investigated by measuring the antibacterial antibodies (al ... | 2007 | 17642539 |
| high prevalence of ctx-m-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among contacts of patients with shigellosis due to shigella flexneri carrying ctx-m-15. | 2007 | 17646198 | |
| anaerobic regulation of shigella flexneri virulence: arca regulates fur and iron acquisition genes. | invasion and plaque formation in epithelial monolayers are routinely used to assess the virulence of shigella flexneri, a causative agent of dysentery. a modified plaque assay was developed to identify factors contributing to the virulence of s. flexneri under the anaerobic conditions present in the colon. this assay demonstrated the importance of the ferrous iron transport system feo, as well as the global transcription factors fur, arca, and fnr, for shigella plaque formation in anoxic environ ... | 2007 | 17660284 |
| identification of minor inner-membrane components of the shigella type iii secretion system 'needle complex'. | type iii secretion systems (t3sss or secretons) are central virulence factors of many gram-negative bacteria, used to inject protein effectors of virulence into eukaryotic host cells. their overall morphology, consisting of a cytoplasmic region, an inner- and outer-membrane section and an extracellular needle, is conserved in various species. a portion of the secreton, containing the transmembrane regions and needle, has been isolated biochemically and termed the 'needle complex' (nc). however, ... | 2007 | 17660405 |
| the acid-resistance pathways of shigella flexneri 2457t. | the stationary-phase acid-resistance pathways of shigella flexneri 2457t have not previously been studied. the two acid-resistance systems, the glutamate-dependent acid-resistance (gdar) and the oxidative pathways, reported elsewhere for escherichia coli and s. flexneri 3136, were both detected in s. flexneri 2457t. however, s. flexneri 2457t cells grown overnight under fermentative conditions and acid-shocked in minimal media in the absence of glutamate, an acid test often described as a negati ... | 2007 | 17660423 |
| shigella flexneri phagosomal escape is independent of invasion. | infections with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and shigella flexneri result in mucosal inflammation in response to epithelial cell invasion and macrophage cytotoxicity. these processes are mediated by type iii secretion systems encoded in homologous virulence loci in the two species, namely, salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1), carried in the genome, and the shigella entry region (ser), carried in a large virulence plasmid. here we show that spi-1 can functionally complement a del ... | 2007 | 17664266 |
| genes under positive selection in escherichia coli. | we used a comparative genomics approach to identify genes that are under positive selection in six strains of escherichia coli and shigella flexneri, including five strains that are human pathogens. we find that positive selection targets a wide range of different functions in the e. coli genome, including cell surface proteins such as beta barrel porins, presumably because of the involvement of these genes in evolutionary arms races with other bacteria, phages, and/or the host immune system. st ... | 2007 | 17675366 |
| escherichia coli, shigella and salmonella species in acute diarrhoea in hamedan, islamic republic of iran. | this study investigated the frequency of escherichia col, shigella and salmonella species in stool specimens from patients with diarrhoea presenting to health centres in hamedan province, islamic republic of iran. from 144 samples, shigella strains were isolated in 17 cases (11.8%): 10 sh. flexneri, 3 sh. sonnei, 2 sh. boydii and 2 untyped strains. no salmonella strains were isolated. using molecular diagnostic methods, diarrheogenic e. coli were detected in 37 cases (25.7%), the majority were e ... | 2007 | 17684844 |
| [ekiri syndrome complicating shigellosis]. | 2007 | 17692219 | |
| [intrafamilial outbreak of shigella flexneri gastroenteritis in madrid]. | 2007 | 17692266 | |
| differential regulation of caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis, and autophagy via ipaf and asc in shigella-infected macrophages. | shigella infection, the cause of bacillary dysentery, induces caspase-1 activation and cell death in macrophages, but the precise mechanisms of this activation remain poorly understood. we demonstrate here that caspase-1 activation and il-1beta processing induced by shigella are mediated through ipaf, a cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptor (nlr) family, and the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containin ... | 2007 | 17696608 |
| omptin proteins: an expanding family of outer membrane proteases in gram-negative enterobacteriaceae. | the escherichia coli k-12 outer membrane protein ompt is a prototype of a unique family of bacterial endopeptidases known as the omptins. this family includes ompt and ompp of e. coli, sopa of shigella flexneri, pgte of salmonella enterica, and pla of yersinia pestis. despite their sequence similarities, the omptins vary in their reported functions. the ompt protease is characterized by narrow cleavage specificity defined by the extracellular loops of the beta-barrel protruding above the lipid b ... | 2007 | 17710644 |
| spontaneous zygogenesis, a wide-ranging mating process in bacteria. | spontaneous zygogenesis (or z-mating) in escherichia coli, unlike f-mediated conjugation, promotes formation of complete zygotes. most z-mating products have proven to be phenotypically unstable, losing part of the phenotype for which they were selected. persistent z-mating products appear as stable genetic recombinants or yield subclones of two types: either both parental types or one of them plus a recombinant type, and the ability to promote spontaneous zygogenesis can appear in all emerging ... | 2007 | 17720456 |
| an inducible lambdoid prophage encoding cytolethal distending toxin (cdt-i) and a type iii effector protein in enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) are inhibitory cyclomodulins, which block eukaryotic cell proliferation and are produced by a diverse group of gram-negative bacteria, including escherichia coli strains associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections. however, the mode of transmission of the toxin gene clusters among diverse bacterial pathogens is unclear. we found that cdt-i produced by enteropathogenic e. coli strains associated with diarrhea is encoded by a lambdoid prophage, whi ... | 2007 | 17726095 |
| intracellular type iii secretion by cytoplasmic shigella flexneri promotes caspase-1-dependent macrophage cell death. | the gram-negative bacterium shigella flexneri triggers pro-inflammatory apoptotic cell death in macrophages, which is crucial for the onset of an acute inflammatory diarrhoea termed bacillary dysentery. the mxi-spa type iii secretion system promotes bacterial uptake and escape into the cytoplasm, where, dependent on the translocator/effector protein ipab, caspase-1 [interleukin (il)-1beta-converting enzyme] and its substrate il-1beta are activated. here, we show that in the course of a macrophag ... | 2007 | 17768231 |