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[preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against flhf protein of campylobacter jejuni].to develop a prokaryotic expression system for campylobacrer jejuni flhf protein and prepare monoclonal antibodies(mab) against this protein.201324321074
notes from the field: recurrent outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infections associated with a raw milk dairy—pennsylvania, april–may 2013. 201324308038
are bacteriophage defence and virulence two sides of the same coin in campylobacter jejuni?the continuous battle for survival in the environment has led to the development or acquisition of sophisticated defence systems in bacteria. these defence systems have contributed to the survival of the bacterial species in the environment for millions of years. some systems appear to have evolved in a number of pathogenic bacteria towards a role in virulence and host immune evasion. recently, different bacterial cell envelope components from diverse bacterial species have been linked not only ...201324256240
design, synthesis, and biological testing of novel naphthoquinones as substrate-based inhibitors of the quinol/fumarate reductase from wolinella succinogenes.novel naphthoquinones were designed, synthesized, and tested as substrate-based inhibitors against the membrane-embedded protein quinol/fumarate reductase (qfr) from wolinella succinogenes, a target closely related to qfrs from the human pathogens helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni. for a better understanding of the hitherto structurally unexplored substrate binding pocket, a structure-activity relationship (sar) study was carried out. analogues of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone ...201324251984
campylobacter jejuni meningitis in a neonate: a rare case report.campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of gastroenteritis especially in childhood. however, extraintestinal manifestations of c. jejuni such as bacteremia, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and osteomyelitis are rare. meningitis in newborns caused by this organism is unusually rare. we report a case of neonatal meningitis in a 15-day old term boy caused by campylobacter jejuni.201324246522
axonal guillain-barré syndrome: concepts and controversies.acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) is a pure motor axonal subtype of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) that was identified in the late 1990s. in asia and central and south america, it is the major subtype of gbs, seen in 30-65% of patients. aman progresses more rapidly and has an earlier peak than demyelinating gbs; tendon reflexes are relatively preserved or even exaggerated, and autonomic dysfunction is rare. one of the main causes is molecular mimicry of human gangliosides by campylobacter jeju ...201324229616
four-year monitoring of foodborne pathogens in raw milk sold by vending machines in italy.prevalence data were collected from official microbiological records monitoring four selected foodborne pathogens (salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and campylobacter jejuni) in raw milk sold by self-service vending machines in seven italian regions (60,907 samples from 1,239 vending machines) from 2008 to 2011. data from samples analyzed by both culture-based and real-time pcr methods were collected in one region. one hundred raw milk consumers in four regions were i ...201324215694
treatment of guillain-barré syndrome.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is an idiopathic postinfectious immune disease that leads to progressive motor weakness due to damage to the myelin sheath. epidemiological studies have linked gbs to infections from campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, and other pathogens. the syndrome includes multiple subtypes, with the most common being ascending motor weakness. treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange reduces the time for recovery to occur, although some remain disabled.201324202119
multistate outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infections associated with undercooked chicken livers--northeastern united states, 2012.in october 2012 the vermont department of health (vdh) identified three cases of laboratory-confirmed campylobacter jejuni infection in vermont residents; the isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. a query of pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, led to the identification of one additional case each from new hampshire, new york, and vermont that had been reported in the preceding 6 months. an investigation ...201324196663
sialylation of campylobacter jejuni endotoxin promotes dendritic cell-mediated b cell responses through cd14-dependent production of ifn-β and tnf-α.campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis and often precedes development of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), a life-threatening paralytic disease. the incorporation of the carbohydrate sialic acid into c. jejuni lipooligosaccharides (los) is associated with increased severity of gastroenteritis and with induction of gbs; however, the underlying mechanisms remain completely unknown. in this study, we demonstrate that sialic acids in c. jejuni endotoxin enhance ...201324166974
an optimized binary typing panel improves the typing capability for campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a frequent bacterial pathogen causing gastroenteritis worldwide. we report here a mathematically optimized combination of 10 loci selected from 2 previously published binary typing panels. the optimized combination offers advantages of higher differentiation capability, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and portability for routine surveillance and outbreak investigations of c. jejuni.201324139878
campylobacter infection has different outcomes in fast- and slow-growing broiler chickens.campylobacter spp. are frequently carried by poultry, but they are not believed to cause significant disease in these animals. modern poultry breeds have been selected to grow rapidly under intensive conditions, but recently, consumers have moved toward purchasing birds produced in higher welfare, free-range or organic systems. birds reared in these systems tend to be a slower growing breed and are fed a different diet. birds reared in such systems are stocked at a lower density compared with th ...201324689180
influence of acid-adaptation of campylobacter jejuni on adhesion and invasion of int 407 cells.the aim of this study was to determine the influence of acid-adaptation on the survival as well as adhesion and invasion of human intestinal cells by nine campylobacter jejuni strains after exposure to different stress conditions. acid-adapted and nonadapted c. jejuni were exposed to different secondary stress conditions such as acid (ph 4.5), starvation (phosphate-buffered saline, ph 7.2), or salt (3% wt/vol nacl). after exposure to the secondary stress, the adhesion and invasion abilities of t ...201323952474
the guillain-barré syndrome.the latest estimation for the frequency of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is 1.1 to 1.8 per 100000 persons per year. guillain-barré syndrome is today divided into two major subtypes: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (aidp) and the axonal subtypes, acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) and acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (amsan). the axonal forms of gbs are caused by certain autoimmune mechanisms, due to a molecular mimicry between antecedent bacterial infection (particular ...201323931791
epidemiological investigations on the possible risk of distribution of zoonotic bacteria through apparently healthy homing pigeons.clinically healthy homing pigeons may serve as an unnoticed reservoir for zoonotic bacteria. hence, healthy pigeons from 172 different racing pigeon lofts were examined for salmonella serovars, campylobacter spp. and chlamydophila (chlamydia) psittaci. two samplings were performed during the racing season in summer (1242 adult and 1164 juvenile pigeons) and two during winter (1074 adult pigeons). each sampling was accompanied by a questionnaire to identify risk factors for positive lofts. betwee ...201323930968
community-acquired infectious diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in dakar, senegal.in sub-saharan africa, infectious diarrhoea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. a cross-sectional study was undertaken to document the pathogens potentially involved in community-acquired childhood diarrhoea in dakar, the capital of senegal.201323930725
[screening and identification of glycoproteins from campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 based on specific affinity between lectins and glycoproteins].to screen glycoproteins from campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168.201323957150
bioengineered 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose inhibit the adhesion of pseudomonas aeruginosa and enteric pathogens to human intestinal and respiratory cell lines.human milk oligosaccharides help to prevent infectious diseases in breastfed infants. larger scale testing, particularly in animal models and human clinical studies, is still limited due to shortened availability of more complex oligosaccharides. the purpose of this study was to evaluate 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-fl) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-fl) synthesized by whole-cell biocatalysis for their biological activity in vitro. therefore, we have tested these oligosaccharides for their inhibitory potentia ...201324074741
geographic setting influences great lakes beach microbiological water quality.understanding of factors that influence escherichia coli (ec) and enterococci (ent) concentrations, pathogen occurrence, and microbial sources at great lakes beaches comes largely from individual beach studies. using 12 representative beaches, we tested enrichment cultures from 273 beach water and 22 tributary samples for ec, ent, and genes indicating the bacterial pathogens shiga-toxin producing e. coli (stec), shigella spp. , salmonella spp , campylobacter jejuni/coli , and methicillin-resista ...201324073635
mucosal vaccines: where do we stand?mucosal vaccinology is a relatively young but rapidly expanding discipline. at present the vast majority of vaccines are administered by injection, including vaccines that protect against mucosally acquired pathogens such as influenza virus and human papilloma virus. however, mucosal immune responses are most efficiently induced by the administration of vaccines onto mucosal surfaces. the small number of currently licensed mucosal vaccines have reduced the burden of disease and mortality caused ...201324066889
isolation and characterization of antimicrobial constituents of searsia chirindensis l. (anacardiaceae) leaf extracts.searsia chirindensis is used in south african traditional medicine for management of bacterial infections such as diarrhoea. aim of the study was to examine the phytochemical composition from the leaves of searsia chirindensis that is responsible for the ethnomedicinal use of this plant.201324060408
[nosocomial diarrhea in intensive care unit: other than clostridium difficile].to investigate the incidence and clinical features of non-clostridium difficile (c. difficile) associated nosocomial diarrhea in intensive care unit (icu) caused by klebsiella oxytoca and clostridium perfringens.201324059125
the globins of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic gram-negative bacterial pathogen that is exposed to reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide, from a variety of sources. to combat the toxic effects of this nitrosative stress, c. jejuni upregulates a small regulon under the control of the transcriptional activator nssr, which positively regulates the expression of a single-domain globin protein (cgb) and a truncated globin protein (ctb). cgb has previously been shown to detoxify nitric oxide, but the ro ...201324054796
campylobacter jejuni and cytopenias.leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in a febrile patient are not uncommon and may be a diagnostic clue in patients without an alternative explanation for cytopenias. this has not been reported in campylobacter jejuni infections.201324034076
effect of ciprofloxacin exposure on dna repair mechanisms in campylobacter jejuni.ciprofloxacin resistance is common both among animal and human campylobacter jejuni isolates. resistant isolates are shown to persist even without selection pressure. to obtain further insight on effects of ciprofloxacin exposure on c. jejuni we compared transcriptional responses of both c. jejuni wild-type strain 81-176 (ciprofloxacin mic 0.125 mg l(-1)) and its intermediate ciprofloxacin-resistant variant p3 (asp90→asn in gyra) in the absence and presence of ciprofloxacin. further, we sequence ...201324025607
safety of long-term ppi therapy.proton pump inhibitors have become the mainstay of medical treatment of acid-related disorders. long-term use is becoming increasingly common, in some cases without a proper indication. a large number of mainly observational studies on a very wide range of possible associations have been published in the past decade and are critically reviewed in this article and the existing evidence is evaluated and translated into possible clinical consequences. based on the existing evidence the benefits of ...201323998981
recurrent outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infections associated with a raw milk dairy--pennsylvania, april-may 2013.during may 2013, the pennsylvania department of health investigated an outbreak of campylobacteriosis among consumers of raw (unpasteurized) milk from a dairy certified by the pennsylvania department of agriculture (pda) to sell raw milk onsite, at retail stores, and at off-farm pick-up sites. investigation by the pennsylvania department of health and pda identified six confirmed and two probable cases of campylobacteriosis associated with raw milk from the dairy. a confirmed case was defined as ...201323985499
influence of mutation in cj0183 and cj0588 genes for colonization abilities of campylobacter jejuni in caco-2 cells using confocal laser scanning microscope.the cj0183 and cj0588 genes identified in the campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 genome encode proteins with homology to virulence factors found in other bacteria. previous studies showed that single mutation in the cj0183 gene does not affect adhesion of c. jejuni to the caco-2 cell line whereas protein encoded by cj0588 is involved in adherence to the caco-2 cells. in the presented study differences in invasion index were observed between mutants in both genes and single mutation of cj0588 in 811 ...201323971210
design and data analysis of experimental trials to test vaccine candidates against zoonotic pathogens in animals: the case of a clinical trial against campylobacter in broilers.the development of effective vaccines against zoonotic pathogens represents a priority in public health protection programs. the design of clinical trials and appropriate data analysis of the experiments results are crucial for the assessment of vaccine effectiveness. this manuscript reviews important issues related to the assessment of the effectiveness of vaccines designed to obtain a quantitative reduction of the pathogen in animals or animal products. an effective vaccine will reduce the ris ...201223176651
survival of campylobacter jejuni in chicken meat at frozen storage temperatures.the aim of this study was to determine the survival of campylobacter jejuni in chicken meat samples at frozen temperatures and given length of incubation and to determine the impact of aerobic bacteria on the survival of c. jejuni. the chicken meat samples were inoculated with c. jejuni nctc 11351 suspensions and stored in bags at temperatures of -20°c and -70°c. the mean value of c. jejuni from meat samples decreased from 7.52 log10 cfu/g after 30 minutes of incubation at ambient temperature, t ...201222750779
long-amplicon propidium monoazide-pcr enumeration assay to detect viable campylobacter and salmonella.the effect of amplicon length on the ability of propidium monoazide-pcr (pma-pcr) to reliably quantify viable cells without interference from dead cells was tested on heat- and ultraviolet (uv)-killed salmonella enterica and campylobacter jejuni, two important enteric pathogens of concern in environmental, food and clinical samples.201222747901
phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of campylobacter jejuni isolated from the broiler meat production process.a set of c. jejuni isolates of different origins and flaa-genotypes obtained throughout the broiler meat production chain was tested in this study for a possible correlation of their origin, phylogenetic relationship, and phenotypic properties. interestingly, the results showed a correlation of the origin and the phylogenetic relationship between the c. jejuni isolates and their ability to form biofilm, but not in their ability to survive at -18, 5, 20, and 48 °c. two strains, a broiler cloacae ...201222735984
reduced spread of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens by stimulating the bird's natural barriers.we have tested the effect of feed structure and feeding regime to prevent the spread of the zoonotic pathogen campylobacter jejuni in broiler chicken flocks.201222817452
campylobacter jejuni is highly susceptible to killing by chicken host defense peptide cathelicidin-2 and suppresses intestinal cathelicidin-2 expression in young broilers.little is known about the interactions of chicken host defense peptides (hdps) with campylobacter jejuni in young chicks. to examine the role of the chicken hdp, cathelicidin-2 (cath-2) in host-pathogen interactions we challenged 4-day-old ross 308 broilers with a chicken-derived c. jejuni isolate (ws356) and used the chicken pathogen salmonella enterica enteritidis phage type 4 (fgt1) as a reference. immunohistochemical staining was used to localize cath-2, c. jejuni and salmonella enteritidis. ...201222728124
application of medium-chain fatty acids in drinking water increases campylobacter jejuni colonization threshold in broiler chicks.campylobacteriosis is the most reported bacterial-mediated gastroenteritic disease in many developed countries. broiler chickens are a natural host for campylobacter spp., and contaminated poultry meat products are a major source for transmitting pathogenic campylobacter strains to humans. currently, no intervention measure efficiently and effectively controls this pathogen in poultry flocks. medium-chain fatty acids (caproic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids) show a marked anti-campylobacter ...201222700521
survival of campylobacter jejuni in chicken meat, chicken skin and chicken liver at low temperatures.the aim of this study was to determine survival of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) in chicken meat, chicken skin medallions and chicken liver contaminated with this bacterium at +4 °c and -20 °c, after 24 hours of incubation. the survival of c. jejuni at +4 °c, -20 °c in chicken meat, chicken skin medallions and chicken liver were examined after 24 hours of incubation with c. jejuni. all samples were previously tested for the presence of campylobacter species according to iso 10272-1:2006. afte ...201222693971
thermal inactivation of campylobacter jejuni in broth.new zealand has a high rate of reported campylobacteriosis compared with other developed countries. one possible reason is that local strains have greater heat tolerance and thus are better able to survive undercooking; this hypothesis is supported by the remarkably high d-values reported for campylobacter jejuni in the netherlands. the objective of this study was to investigate the thermal inactivation of isolates from new zealand in broth, using strains that are commonly found in human cases a ...201222691469
anti-infective bovine colostrum oligosaccharides: campylobacter jejuni as a case study.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of acute bacterial infectious diarrhea in humans. unlike in humans, c. jejuni is a commensal within the avian host. heavily colonized chickens often fail to display intestinal disease, and no cellular attachment or invasion has been demonstrated in-vivo. recently, researchers have shown that the reason for the attenuation of c. jejuni virulence may be attributed to the presence of chicken intestinal mucus and more specifically chicken mucin. since mucins ...201222647676
campylobacter spp., c. jejuni and c. upsaliensis infection-associated factors in healthy and ill dogs from clinics in cordoba, spain. screening tests for antimicrobial susceptibility.a microbiological and epidemiological survey examining campylobacter species-related infection in dogs from clinics in cordoba (southern spain) was performed from may 2007 to march 2008. three-hundred and six rectal swabs were taken from both ill and healthy dogs, and an epidemiological questionnaire was filled out. the isolated bacterial strains were identified by means of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the prevalence factors for campylobacter spp., c. jejuni and c. upsaliensis infe ...201222640550
effect of temperature and antimicrobial resistance on survival of campylobacter jejuni in well water: application of the weibull model.the aims of this study were to measure the survival of two campylobacter jejuni strains and their in vitro-challenged antimicrobial-resistant variants in well water, to evaluate the effects of antimicrobial resistance on survival and to develop a mathematical model for predicting the survival of camp. jejuni in well water in the temperature range from 4 to 25°c.201222612521
importance of rna stabilization: evaluation of ansb, ggt, and rpoa transcripts in microaerophilic campylobacter jejuni 81-176.a subset of food-borne campylobacter jejuni strains utilizes amino acids asparagine and glutamine as carbon sources that may enhance the ability of this microaerophilic pathogen to colonize specific tissues. in this study, we analyzed the transcript sizes of the ansb and ggt genes encoding the periplasmic asparaginase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in c. jejuni 81-176, respectively, and compared the expression level of mrnas at different time points during the growth in vitro. in addition, we incl ...201222610497
a bifidobacterium-based synbiotic product to reduce the transmission of c. jejuni along the poultry food chain.with the ban of dietary antimicrobial agents, the use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics has attracted a great deal of attention in order to improve intestinal health and control food-borne pathogens, which is an important concern for the production of safe meat and meat products. recently, campylobacter jejuni has emerged as a leading bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans, and epidemiological evidences indicate poultry and poultry products as the main source of human inf ...201222608658
characterization of two putative mechanosensitive channel proteins of campylobacter jejuni involved in protection against osmotic downshock.acute hypotonic stress becomes a threat to the survival of bacteria in the environment. mechanosensitive channels play an essential role in the maintenance of bacterial cell integrity during hypoosmotic shock. a database search suggested that campylobacter jejuni, a major worldwide cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, possesses two putative mechanosensitive channels, designated cjj0263 and cjj1025, in c. jejuni strain 81-176. osmotic downshock experiments demonstrated that a mutant lack ...201222608101
campylobacter jejuni cutaneous infection in a patient with graft versus host disease. 201222595471
[development and application of taqman mgb probe fluorescence quantitative pcr method for rapid detection of clostridium piliforme].to develop a taqman mgb probe-based, sensitive and specific fluorescence quantitative pcr assay method for rapid detection of clostridium piliforme.201222575149
barriers to horizontal gene transfer in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is among the most frequent agent of foodborne gastroenteritis in the world, but its physiology and pathogenesis is less well understood than other bacterial enteric pathogens. this is due in part to the incompatibility of the molecular tools that have enabled advances in the characterization of other bacterial species. most notably, the dearth of plasmid-based complementation, reporter assays, and plasmid-based unmarked mutagenesis procedures in many of the type strains has ...201222569516
an inactivation kinetics model for campylobacter jejuni on chicken meat under low-temperature storage.campylobacter jejuni is susceptible to low temperatures. freezing and chilling are effective interventions for reducing the occurrence of c. jejuni on poultry meat. the survival rates of three c. jejuni strains (atcc33560, jr0706-2, and alm-80) inoculated onto chicken meat samples were measured at -20°c and 4°c, and the survival curves of these three strains were determined. the results showed that the number of surviving cells decreased by 3.16, 2.87, and 3.14 log colony-forming unit (cfu)/g, r ...201222568749
a polymer microfluidic chip for quantitative detection of multiple water- and foodborne pathogens using real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification.inexpensive, portable, and easy-to-use devices for rapid detection of microbial pathogens are needed to ensure safety of water and food. in this study, a disposable polymer microfluidic chip for quantitative detection of multiple pathogens using isothermal nucleic acid amplification was developed. the chip contains an array of 15 interconnected reaction wells with dehydrated primers for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), and requires only a single pipetting step for dispensing of sam ...201222566273
[campylobacter infections in children].campylobacter infections are essentially enteric infections frequently occurring before 15 years of age. the main species responsible for these infections is campylobacter jejuni. the infection is observed mainly during summertime, and boys are more often affected than girls. the transmission is usually food-borne (poultry or cross-contamination of raw food). environmental contamination is also possible. in addition to the digestive symptoms, systemic infectious complications or postinfectious c ...201222559950
prospective study of human norovirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in greece.noroviruses are considered as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in childhood worldwide. this prospective study was undertaken to investigate the frequency and clinical features of norovirus infections in children aged less than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis in greece.201222555327
immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with campylobacter jejuni. 201222552252
dynamics of populations of campylobacter jejuni in two grandparent broiler breeder farms: persistent vs. transient strains.the objectives of the study were to characterize and investigate the populations of campylobacter jejuni in two grandparent broiler breeder farms over four years. caecal as well as farm environmental samples were obtained. campylobacter isolates were characterized by macrorestriction profile (smai and kpni-pfge) and pcr-rflp of the flaa gene. susceptibility tests against seven antimicrobials were also performed. birds were negative for campylobacter spp. when they came to these two production fa ...201222551591
bactericidal effect of hydrolysable and condensed tannin extracts on campylobacter jejuni in vitro.strategies are sought to reduce intestinal colonisation of food-producing animals by campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness worldwide. presently, we tested the antimicrobial activity of hydrolysable-rich blackberry, cranberry and chestnut tannin extracts and condensed tannin-rich mimosa, quebracho and sorghum tannins (each at 100 mg/ml) against c. jejuni via disc diffusion assay in the presence of supplemental casamino acids. we found that when compared to non ...201222528299
recent developments in bacterial protein glycan coupling technology and glycoconjugate vaccine design.the discovery of the campylobacter jejuni n-linked glycosylation system combined with its functional expression in escherichia coli marked the dawn of a new era in glycoengineering. the process, termed protein glycan coupling technology (pgct), has, in particular, been applied to the development of glycoconjugate vaccines. in this review, we highlight recent technical developments in this area, including the first structural determination of the coupling enzyme pglb, the use of glycotags for opt ...201222516134
analysis of campylobacter jejuni whole-genome dna microarrays: significance of prophage and hypervariable regions for discriminating isolates.campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in humans, and improving our understanding of the epidemiology of this organism is essential. the objective of this study was to identify the genes that discriminate isolates of c. jejuni by analysis with whole-genome dna microarrays. statistical analyses of whole-genome data from 95 geographically diverse cattle, chicken, and human c. jejuni isolates identified 142 most significant variable genes. of this total, 125 (88%) belonged to genomic ...201222506962
evaluation of current molecular approaches for genotyping of campylobacter jejuni strains.campylobacter jejuni has been recognized as the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, in both developed and developing countries, since the late 1970s. a number of genotyping schemes have been developed to identify the sources and route of transmission of these foodborne pathogens so that proper control measures can be developed. in this review, we provide current genotypic schemes developed for campylobacter spp. (particularly c. jejuni) over the last decades, along with an ...201222506653
influence of enteric bacteria, parasite infections and nutritional status on diarrhoea occurrence among 6-60 months old children admitted at a regional hospital in morogoro, tanzania.while nutritional, microbiological and immunological factors have been implicated in childhood diarrhoea in many countries, there is limited aetiological information in morogoro region of tanzania. a case-control study was conducted to establish whether diarrhoea in 6-60 months old children admitted at a regional hospital in morogoro, was attributable to enteric bacteria and/or parasites and the contribution of under-nutrition, as measured by weight-for-age below -2 sd. from january to september ...201226591731
an engineered eukaryotic protein glycosylation pathway in escherichia coli.we performed bottom-up engineering of a synthetic pathway in escherichia coli for the production of eukaryotic trimannosyl chitobiose glycans and the transfer of these glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. the glycan biosynthesis was enabled by four eukaryotic glycosyltransferases, including the yeast uridine diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine transferases alg13 and alg14 and the mannosyltransferases alg1 and alg2. by including the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase pglb from ...201222446837
the role of wlarg, wlatb and wlatc in lipooligosaccharide synthesis by campylobacter jejuni strain 81116.campylobacter jejuni is a major bacterial cause of gastroenteritis world-wide. c. jejuni produces a range of glycans including lipooligosaccharide (los), an important virulence factor. the genetic content of the los synthesis locus varies between c. jejuni strains and 19 classes have been described. three los synthesis genes of c. jejuni strain 81116 (nctc 11828), wlarg, wlatb and wlatc were the focus of this study. wlarg and the remaining two proteins of interest share sequence similarity to am ...201222445818
developing an anti-campylobacter jejuni vaccine.the proteomics era allows for the definition of biological organisms at the protein level, offering new opportunities for delimiting the self- and non-self boundaries between microbes and the human host. here, we apply proteomics to design a vaccine against the major pathogenic factor of campylobacter jejuni, i.e. cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). we used the scientific rationale that only peptide sequences not represented in the host proteome have the potential to evoke powerful, non-cross-rea ...201222428568
gene expression profile of campylobacter jejuni-induced gbs in bama miniature pigs.our aim was to investigate the in vivo gene expression pattern of the guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) with dna microarrays and bioinformatics tools. oral-infusion model animals mimicking human infection of gbs were analyzed. tissue samples and body fluids were collected to perform antibody tests and biopsy assays. gene-expression microarray was conducted with nerve tissues and gbs-related genes were elucidated via bioinformatics tools. model animals showed typical symptoms of gbs in that mild demy ...201222427118
survival of campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica typhimurium in vacuum-packed, moisture-enhanced pork.the abilities of campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica typhimurium to survive in vacuum-packaged, moisture-enhanced pork stored at 4 or 10°c were examined. pork loins were surface inoculated with either c. jejuni or salmonella typhimurium and then moisture enhanced to a target of 10 or 20%. the enhanced pork loins were sliced 1 cm thick and vacuum packaged. a pork loin without moisture enhancement was sliced and vacuum packaged as a control. samples were collected, plated, and the numbers ...201222410234
high pressure inactivation of escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, and spoilage microbiota on poultry meat.this study evaluated the high pressure inactivation of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, and poultry meat spoilage organisms. all treatments were performed in aseptically prepared minced poultry meat. treatment of 19 strains of c. jejuni at 300 mpa and 30°c revealed a large variation of pressure resistance. the recovery of pressure-induced sublethally injured c. jejuni depended on the availability of iron. the addition of iron content to enumeration media was required for resuscitation of ...201222410223
hydrogenase activity in the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni depends upon a novel abc-type nickel transporter (nikzyxwv) and is slyd-independent.campylobacter jejuni is a human pathogen of worldwide significance. it is commensal in the gut of many birds and mammals, where hydrogen is a readily available electron donor. the bacterium possesses a single membrane-bound, periplasmic-facing nife uptake hydrogenase that depends on the acquisition of environmental nickel for activity. the periplasmic binding protein cj1584 (nikz) of the atp binding cassette (abc) transporter encoded by the cj1584c-cj1580c (nikzyxwv) operon in c. jejuni strain n ...201222403188
"ulcerative crepitus" -- a case with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum without colonic perforation or toxic megacolon in ulcerative colitis successfully treated conservatively.a 19-year-old man with a 1-year history of ulcerative colitis presented with fever, bloody diarrhea and severe dehidration. he was on po.48 mg methylprednisolon and 3 g mesalazine daily, and has recently finished taking chlarythromycin for campylobacter jejuni infection. on physical examination, no abdominal tenderness was found, but surprisingly, extensive bilateral subcutaneous emphysema was detected in the supraclavicular regions. laboratory tests proved anaemia, elevated white blood cell cou ...201222398071
a waterborne outbreak with a single clone of campylobacter jejuni in the danish town of køge in may 2010.in denmark, large-scale waterborne outbreaks are rare. this report describes the investigation of an outbreak that occurred in the town of køge in may 2010.201222385125
effect of mannoproteins on the growth, gastrointestinal viability, and adherence to caco-2 cells of lactic acid bacteria.yeast cell wall (ycw) preparations and yeast mannoprotein extracts have been effective against some enteropathogenic bacteria as campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, and salmonella, and they can affect the population of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (lab). in this work, we studied the effect of a mannoprotein extract on five strains of lab. this extract was metabolised by the bacteria, enhancing their survival in simulated gastrointestinal juice, and increasing the adherence of lactobacillu ...201222384965
eimeria species parasites as novel vaccine delivery vectors: anti-campylobacter jejuni protective immunity induced by eimeria tenella-delivered cjaa.vaccination of poultry against coccidiosis caused by the eimeria species is almost entirely based upon varied formulations of live parasites. the recent development of a series of protocols that support genetic complementation by transfection in eimeria now provides an opportunity to utilise live anticoccidial vaccines to deliver additional vaccinal antigens. the capacity of eimeria tenella to express an exogenous antigen and induce an immune response during in vivo infection which is protective ...201222342500
clinical manifestations of campylobacter jejuni infection in adolescents and adults, and change in antibiotic resistance of the pathogen over the past 16 years.campylobacter jejuni infection, traditionally a paediatric illness, is now seen more frequently in adolescents and adults in northern china. published surveillance reports on c. jejuni infection in these patients are rare. we aimed to characterize (1) the clinical manifestations of this infection in adolescents and adults, and (2) changes in antibiotic resistance of the pathogen.201222339578
differentiation of the virulence potential of campylobacter jejuni strains by use of gene transcription analysis and a caco-2 assay.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal disease in humans, and contaminated poultry and poultry products are recognized as the main vehicle of infection. despite the significance of c. jejuni as a foodborne pathogen, little is known about its response to stress, and, especially, how its virulence is modulated under such conditions. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature shift in a broth model system on virulence expression and cell survival of thre ...201222336513
a cytolethal distending toxin gene-based multiplex pcr assay for detection of campylobacter spp. in stool specimens and comparison with culture method.in this study, we evaluated the applicability of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex pcr for the direct detection and identification of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli and c. fetus from stool specimens of patients with gastroenteritis in comparison to culture methods. a total of 711 stool specimens were examined for the isolation or detection of campylobacters by using skirrow's selective agar culture plates, a filtration method and the multiplex pcr assay. fort ...201222322187
lipooligosaccharide locus classes are associated with certain campylobacter jejuni multilocus sequence types.the lipooligosaccharide (los) locus class was determined using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 335 finnish campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans, poultry and bovines with known multilocus sequence types. the results revealed an association between clonal complexes/sequence types (sts) and los locus classes. based on these results, we further predicted the los locus classes distribution among the sts of 209 additional c. jejuni strains from finnish human domestically acquired infec ...201222298242
guillain-barré syndrome associated with acute hepatitis e infection.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a neurological emergency that warrants prompt diagnosis and treatment. occasionally, the clinical, laboratory and electrophysiological features are neither typical nor diagnostic. it requires a high index of suspicion and clinical judgement for early diagnosis and commencement of treatment in those scenarios. some pathogens are potential triggers of this serious neurological disease, including: campylobacter jejuni, mycoplasma pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus. alth ...201222285113
antagonistic activity of lactobacillus acidophilus atcc 4356 on the growth and adhesion/invasion characteristics of human campylobacter jejuni.the aim of this research was to determine the potential probiotic activity of lactobacillus acidophilus atcc 4356 against several human campylobacter jejuni isolates. the ability to inhibit the pathogen's growth was evaluated by co-culture experiments as well as by antimicrobial assays with cell-free culture supernatant (cfcs), while interference with adhesion/invasion to intestinal caco-2 cells was studied by exclusion, competition, and displacement tests. in the co-culture experiments l. acido ...201222271268
analysis of risk factors associated with antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli.antimicrobial-resistant bacteria represent a major threat to human and animal health. we compared equine fecal samples (n=264) from 138 horses from hospital and nonhospital (livery stable and riding school) premises in north west england to determine the prevalence of escherichia coli, salmonella, and campylobacter and rates of antimicrobial-resistant e. coli strains. campylobacter jejuni was detected only in hospitalized horses (1.1%), and no salmonella was identified. data analysis of the hors ...201222229818
campylobacter, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, verotoxigenic escherichia coli, and escherichia coli prevalence, enumeration, and subtypes on retail chicken breasts with and without skin.this study examined the prevalence, counts, and subtypes of campylobacter, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec), and e. coli on raw retail chicken breast with the skin on versus the skin off. from january to december 2007, 187 raw skin-on chicken breasts and 131 skin-off chicken breasts were collected from randomly selected retail grocery stores in the region of waterloo, ontario, canada. campylobacter isolates were recovered from a higher proportion of the s ...201222221353
evaluating the efficacy of an avian-specific probiotic to reduce the colonization of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.campylobacteriosis is the most frequent zoonotic disease in humans worldwide, and the contaminated poultry meat by campylobacter jejuni can be considered one of the important sources of enteric infections in humans. the use of probiotics, which can help to improve the natural defense of animals against pathogenic bacteria, is an alternative and effective approach to antibiotic administration for livestock to reduce bacterial contamination. in vitro experiments showed that enterococcus faecium, p ...201222802174
benign ulcer of the right colon clinically misdiagnosed as carcinoma: an additional case.benign solitary ulcer of the colon is an uncommon lesion that was originally described by cruveilhier in 1832. its aetiology remains unknown, and there are no pathognomonic lesions or symptoms. diagnosis is made by exclusion; in fact, diseases such as specific infections (cytomegalovirus, campylobacter jejuni, entamoeba histolytica), common clinical conditions (acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, inflammatory bowel disease), pharmacotherapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammator ...201222799054
cloning, expression, and antigenicity of 14 proteins from campylobacter jejuni.fourteen campylobacter jejuni genes--pora, cadf, omp18, dnak, flac, peb1, peb2, peb3, peb4, ahpc, groel, tuf, hipo, and cj0069--were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21. the recombinant proteins were purified on histidine (his) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) trap columns using the äkta explorer 100 system. recombinant proteins were visualized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-fli ...201222779748
real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction-based genus-identification and pyrosequencing-based species identification of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, c. upsaliensis, and c. fetus directly on stool samples.a new method was developed for campylobacter identification and applied directly on 599 stool samples from diarrhoeagenic patients. here, the gyrase b gene of campylobacter was targeted in a 2-step process: first, taqman polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based identification of c. jejuni, c. coli, c. upsaliensis, c. lari, and c. fetus at the genus level, and, second, pyrosequencing-based identification at the species level. the taqman pcr method was compared to culturing and identified 87 campylob ...201222770773
anti-gq1b-negative miller fisher syndrome after campylobacter jejuni enteritis.miller fisher syndrome is a clinical variant of guillain-barré syndrome, characterized by acute-onset ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. it results from an immune response to a cross-reactive antigen between gq1b ganglioside in human neurons and lipo-oligosaccharides of certain bacteria, e.g., campylobacter jejuni. anti-gq1b antibody is a powerful diagnostic marker for miller fisher syndrome. however, only a small number of anti-gq1b-negative miller fisher syndrome cases are documented. a 1 ...201222883289
effect of crust freezing applied alone and in combination with ultraviolet light on the survival of campylobacter on raw chicken.the application of crust freezing (cf) applied as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with ultraviolet (uv) light for reducing the level of artificially inoculated campylobacter jejuni on raw chicken was investigated. cf air temperatures of -5, -15 and -27 °c (±3 °c) with freezing times of 70, 15 and 6 min, respectively, were used. the level of c. jejuni on chicken was also examined following subsequent refrigerated (0-4 °c) storage at 3 and 7 days. all cf treatments resulted in significan ...201222850386
purification and characterization of a new bacteriocin active against campylobacter produced by lactobacillus salivarius smxd51.strain smxd51, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as lactobacillus salivarius, produced a component that inhibits the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and especially campylobacter jejuni. the active peptide from the cell-free supernatant of lb. salivarius smxd51 was purified in three steps: (i) precipitation with 80% saturated ammonium sulfate, (ii) elution on a reversed phase spe upti-clean cartridge using different concentrations of acetonitrile, (iii) final purificati ...201222850384
tracing campylobacter jejuni strains along the poultry meat production chain from farm to retail by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the antimicrobial resistance of isolates.in this study campylobacter jejuni isolates were recovered from birds, carcasses and carcass portions from two broiler chicken flocks and from equipment used for carcass and meat processing along the production chain from farms to retail stores. isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using smai and kpni restriction enzymes and their antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined. c. jejuni was recovered from product and equipment used with both flocks at each point in ...201222850383
behaviour of non-stressed and stressed listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni cells on fresh chicken burger meat packaged under modified atmosphere and inoculated with protective culture.numerous investigations have provided evidence that chicken products are a source of listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni. different strategies applied in final products are needed to prevent consumers' contamination. in this work, the combination of modified atmosphere packaging (map) and protective culture to control the growth of freeze stressed and non-stressed l. monocytogenes and c. jejuni on fresh chicken meat burger was studied. meat burgers were inoculated with l. monocytogen ...201222831819
sodium metasilicate affects growth of campylobacter jejuni in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets stored at 4 degrees celsius for 7 days.the objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial effects of sodium metasilicate (sms) treatments against campylobacter jejuni in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets and to ascertain the effects of sms treatments on ph. the fillets were inoculated with c. jejuni, treated with 0% sms and no inoculum (negative control), 0% sms and inoculum (positive control), 1 and 2% sms solutions, and stored at 4 ± 1°c. all samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d storage for c ...201222912470
garlic derivative propyl propane thiosulfonate is effective against broiler enteropathogens in vivo.two experiments were carried out to study the effects of dietary supplementation with the garlic (allium sativum)-derived product propyl propane thiosulfonate (pts-o) on the intestinal log(10) number of copies of enteropathogens in broiler chickens, together with their intestinal morphology and growth performance. the additive had no significant effect on feed intake at any dose assayed. in experiment 1 (1 to 21 d of age), the bw of chickens fed on 45 mg of pts-o/kg of diet was higher (p < 0.01) ...201222912448
[basic research for the control of campylobacter food poisoning].appropriate handling and controlled temperature prevent cross-contamination and proliferation of contaminants in foods, thereby reducing the incidences of food-borne gastroenteritis in japan. however, the incidence of campylobacter jejuni/coli infection did not markedly decrease and has become one of the major causes of food-borne diseases. c. jejuni and c. coli are widespread in warm-blooded domestic animals; therefore, food products may easily become contaminated during processing. c. jejuni a ...201222894062
influence of asellus aquaticus on escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, campylobacter jejuni and naturally occurring heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water.water lice, asellus aquaticus (isopoda), frequently occur in drinking water distribution systems where they are a nuisance to consumers and water utilities. whether they are solely an aesthetic problem or also affect the microbial water quality is a matter of interest. we studied the influence of a. aquaticus on microbial water quality in non-chlorinated drinking water in controlled laboratory experiments. pure cultures of the indicator organisms escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae and th ...201222884244
survival of escherichia coli, enterococci and campylobacter jejuni in canada goose faeces on pasture.freshly excreted canada goose faeces pose a public health risk as they contain pathogenic microorganisms. accordingly, a study was carried out on the growth and survival of resident indicator bacteria (enterococci and escherichia coli) and inoculated campylobacter jejuni in freshly excreted faeces over summer and winter. canada goose faeces were collected, mixed thoroughly and inoculated with 10⁸ g⁻¹ c. jejuni. the faeces were mixed again before making the canada goose dropping. the simulated go ...201222963647
control of campylobacter jejuni in chicken breast meat by irradiation combined with modified atmosphere packaging including carbon monoxide.campylobacter is one of the leading causes of human foodborne illnesses originating from meat and poultry products. cross-contamination of this organism occurs in many poultry processing plants, and can occur in the kitchens and refrigerators of consumers. therefore, new intervention strategies are needed for meat and poultry products to better protect consumers from this pathogen. vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging is a common packaging technique used by the meat and poultry industry to ex ...201223043819
abdominal ultrasonographic findings in typhoid fever: a comparison between typhoid patients and those with non-typhoidal salmonella and campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis.typhoid fever is a major health problem in many developing countries and its clinical features are similar to other types of bacterial enterocolitis. definitive diagnosis by blood culture requires several days and is often unfeasible to perform in developing countries. more efficient and rapid diagnostic methods for typhoid are needed. we compared the pathological changes in the bowel and adjacent tissues of patients having typhoid fever with those having bacterial enterocolitis using ultrasonog ...201223082592
structural characterization of the highly cyclized lantibiotic paenicidin a via a partial desulfurization/reduction strategy.lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria that are increasingly of interest for food preservation and possible therapeutic uses. these peptides are extensively post-translationally modified, and are characterized by lanthionine and methyllanthionine thioether cross-links. paenibacillus polymyxa nrrl b-30509 was found to produce polymyxins and tridecaptins, in addition to a novel lantibiotic termed paenicidin a. a bacteriocin termed srcam 602 previously ...201223167271
research considerations for more effective groundwater monitoring.since numerous pathogens occur in feces, water is monitored for fecal contamination using indicator organisms rather than individual pathogens. although this approach is supported by health effects data in recreational waters, it is questionable when used for drinking water. most outbreaks in groundwater occur in systems that have not violated the us epa's maximum contaminant limit (mcl) for total coliforms within 12 months before the outbreak. additionally, environmentally stable viruses and pa ...201223165708
application of ozonated dry ice (aligal™ blue ice) for packaging and transport in the food industry.dry ice is used by meat and poultry processors for temperature reduction during processing and for temperature maintenance during transportation. aligal™ blue ice (abi), which combines the antimicrobial effect of ozone (o(3)) along with the high cooling capacity of dry ice, was investigated for its effect on bacterial reduction in air, in liquid, and on food and glass surfaces. through proprietary means, o(3) was introduced to produce dry ice pellets to a concentration of 20 parts per million (p ...201223163945
quantitative risk assessment of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter jejuni related to consumption of raw milk in a province in northern italy.a quantitative risk assessment was developed to describe the risk of campylobacteriosis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) linked to consumption of raw milk sold in vending machines in northern italy. exposure assessment considered the microbiological status of dairy farms, expected milk contamination, storage conditions from bulk tank to home storage, microbial growth during storage, destruction experiments, consumption frequency of raw milk, age of consumers, serving size, and consumption pre ...201223127713
comparison of multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and repetitive sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) fingerprinting for differentiation of campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler in chiang mai, thailand.we compared rapid fingerprinting using repetitive sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) for subtyping campylobacter jejuni isolates to the widely used multilocus sequence typing (mlst). representative c. jejuni isolates (n = 16) from broilers were analyzed using mlst and rep-pcr. both techniques demonstrated an equal discriminatory power of 0.8917, and 9 subgroups were identified. clonal identification of all 16 isolates was identical for both techniques. the rep-pcr as described in this study may be use ...201223124335
in vitro evaluation of the probiotic potential of lactobacillus salivarius smxd51.lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 was previously isolated from the cecum of a tunisian poultry and found to produce a bacteriocin-like substance highly active against the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni. the aim of this study was to examine some probiotic properties of the strain: acid and bile tolerance, capacity of adhesion, stimulation of immune defences (il-6, il-8, il-10 and β-defensin 2), and modulation of the barrier integrity. the results showed that l. salivarius smxd51 can tolera ...201223122647
susceptibility of campylobacter to high intensity near ultraviolet/visible 395±5nm light and its effectiveness for the decontamination of raw chicken and contact surfaces.campylobacter is an important cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. chicken meat is frequently contaminated with this organism and is considered to be a significant source of infection. it has been predicted that lowering the numbers of campylobacter on chicken meat can reduce the risk to public health. the aims of the current study were to investigate the susceptibility of campylobacter to high intensity near ultraviolet/visible (nuv-vis) 395±5nm light and to examine its potential for the m ...201223107507
fitness of macrolide resistant campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni.the aim of this study was to investigate the fitness of macrolide resistant campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni. the in vitro growth, the survival on food matrix, and the in vivo colonization of c. jejuni and c. coli susceptible isolates and their isogenic resistant mutants were studied. in vitro experiments demonstrated that macrolide resistance imposed a fitness cost when the susceptible strains and their isogenic resistant mutants were cultured in competition. when inoculated in food ...201222324770
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