Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| hepatitis e virus infection in a cohort of patients with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. | the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis e virus infection in a cohort of patients with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis in greece. | 1995 | 8750165 |
| hepatitis e in ireland. | 1995 | 8681992 | |
| low prevalence of hepatitis e virus in type ii mixed cryoglobulinemia. | 1995 | 8647527 | |
| seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus in different population groups. | in order to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus, 1,993 sera (453 from healthy pregnant women, 491 from moroccan subjects, 492 from blood donors, 321 from children, and 236 from intravenous drug users) were studied. igg was measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia), and positive results were confirmed by western blot. the eia detected antibodies in 3.96% of the subjects (5.6% of the moroccans and drug users and 1.8% of the children). fifty-four percent of these results were confirmed by ... | 1995 | 8654445 |
| late-onset hepatic failure: clinical features, serology and outcome following transplantation. | a further series of 41 adult patients with late-onset hepatic failure was investigates with respect to aetiological factors, particularly hepatitis c and e, which have been identified since our earlier report of this condition. the increased use of transplantation and its impact on survival overall is assessed. comparison is made with 64 patients admitted over the same period with fulminant hepatic failure of non-a, non-b aetiology. screening for the hepatitis viruses revealed three cases of hep ... | 1995 | 8655952 |
| hepatitis e virus (87a strain) propagated in a549 cells. | a strain of hepatitis e virus (hev), the 87a strain isolated in 2bs cells from the feces of a patient with hepatitis e, has been reported previously. in this study, the 87a strain was propagated in a549 cells, and the marked cytopathic effect (cpe) appeared in the infected monolayer cells. the size of this virus is about 30 nm in diameter. furthermore, hev-rna from the supernatants of the virus of different passages was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification using et1.1 hev pr ... | 1995 | 8636694 |
| existing variations on the gene structure of hepatitis e virus strains from some regions of china. | the isolation and identification of the 87a strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) by means of cell culture have been described previously. this paper reports the nucleotide sequence of a portion of this hev strain. the rna extracted from the supernatants of the different passages of the 87a strain cultured in the a549 cell line was reverse-transcribed (rt) to cdna, and then the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was carried out using the primers of hev et1.1 region. the pcr products from ... | 1995 | 8636695 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus in the egyptian nile delta. | the seroendemicity of hepatitis e virus (hev) in an entire village population located in the egyptain nile delta is described. serum specimens were obtained from 68% of the total population of 1,850 villagers. the lack of serum specimen was greatest in the youngest age group (< 5). commercially available enzyme immunoassays (eia) for antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), to hepatitis b virus core antigen (anti-hbc), to second-generation hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) core and nonstructural ant ... | 1995 | 8636709 |
| low prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in hepatitis c virus-positive patients with coagulation disorders. | 1995 | 8604499 | |
| hepatitis e virus: no evidence of parenteral transmission in finland. | 1995 | 8607132 | |
| a simple device for the concentration and detection of enterovirus, hepatitis e virus and rotavirus from water samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | a simultaneous concentration of enteroviruses, hepatitis e virus, and rotavirus from drinking water samples through a filtration column filled with granular activated carbon (gac) was achieved. urea-arginine phosphate buffer (uapb) as an eluent at ph 9.0 was used for effective desorption and elution of viruses from gac. further concentration of viruses with magnesium chloride enabled nucleic acid extraction, cdna synthesis, amplification with a specific set of primers for enterovirus, hepatitis ... | 1995 | 8609205 |
| purification of a baculovirus-expressed hepatitis e virus structural protein and utility in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we report on the purification of the full-length structural protein encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf-2) of hepatitis e virus. the orf-2 protein, expressed in sf9 cells by using a recombinant baculovirus vector system, was successfully purified to homogeneity. gel electrophoresis of the purified orf-2 protein showed a single polypeptide of 75 kda by coomassie blue staining and by western blot (immunoblot) analysis. we demonstrated that the partially purified orf-2 protein could be used succes ... | 1995 | 8586723 |
| cross-reactive immunity against different strains of the hepatitis e virus transferable by simian and human sera. | monkey infection with the hepatitis e virus induces protection. we confirm the humoral nature of this immunity and show that protection is effective against the homologous strain, as well as against heterologous strains isolated from asian and african countries. however this immunity is incomplete since only the clinical disease seems to be prevented, while the virus is still excreted in stools and can even appear in blood as well after serotherapy as previous acute or occult infections. we obta ... | 1995 | 8556452 |
| [prospective study of the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis after the exclusion of donors positive for anti-hcv elisa 2]. | the incidence of post transfusional hepatitis (pth) after the exclusion of anti-hcv elisa 2 positive donors is not well known. the aim of this study was to determine the incidence and type of pth in 113 post transfused patients. | 1995 | 8558961 |
| an indian strain of hepatitis e virus (hev): cloning, sequence, and expression of structural region and antibody responses in sera from individuals from an area of high-level hev endemicity. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for a majority of sporadic and epidemic viral hepatitides in india and other developing countries. even though the genomes of four geographically distinct strains of hev have been cloned and sequenced, the indian strain of hev remains largely uncharacterized. we have cloned and sequenced about 2.2 kb of the hev genome constituting the structural region from an indian strain of hev. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences show a high degree of conservation w ... | 1995 | 8567900 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in acute hepatitis in spain. | in order to study the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in developed countries, igg and igm anti-hev were determined in serum samples from 382 patients with acute viral hepatitis (244 hepatitis a, 48 hepatitis b and/or d, and 90 non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis), 76 healthy subjects, 55 hemophiliacs and 50 patients on hemodialysis. igg anti-hev antibodies were detected and confirmed by a synthetic peptide-based eia in 5 (5.6%) non-a, non-b, non-c acute hepatitis, in 3 (6.5%) b and d a ... | 1995 | 8576308 |
| synthesis and application of hepatitis e virus peptides to diagnosis. | based on computer analysis of hydrophobicity and prediction of secondary structures for the full-length putative proteins encoded by open reading frame-1 (orf-1), orf-2 and orf-3 of hepatitis e virus (hev), we selected antigenic regions with hydrophilicity, beta-turn, and beta-sheet, and synthesized 7 peptides of possible epitope-containing regions of the polypeptide encoded by all 3 orfs of hev genomic rna by merrifield's method of solid-phase synthesis. the synthetic peptides were screened and ... | 1995 | 8576309 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus among healthy individuals in southern taiwan. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) among 997 healthy individuals aged 6 to 84 years, collected between july 1993 and june 1994 at kaohsiung-pingtung area in southern taiwan was studied. of the study populations of vegetable farmers, elementary school children, volunteer blood donors and college students, the prevalence of igg anti-hev ranged from 6.4% to 8.8%. in suburban elemantary school children of mang-chou village at pingtung-hsien, the seroprevalence rate (9.6%) was significantl ... | 1995 | 8577289 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in patients with acute hepatitis non-a-d in sweden. | a total of 12 patients previously treated for acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology were retrospectively found to be anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg-positive. four patients were anti-hev igm- and igg-positive consistent with an acute hev infection. all 4 had travelled to or were immigrants from hev-endemic countries. one anti-hev igm-negative patient seroconverted from anti-hev igg-negative to positive and 3 from anti-hev igg-positive to negative in 2 consecutive serum samples. of the remaining ... | 1995 | 8685630 |
| the larger genomic rna of helicoverpa armigera stunt tetravirus encodes the viral rna polymerase and has a novel 3'-terminal trna-like structure. | in this paper we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the larger segment (5312 nucleotides) of the bipartite rna genome of helicoverpa armigera stunt tetravirus (hasv). hasv therefore becomes the first member of the tetraviridae, a virus family with a host range restricted to lepidopteran insects, whose genome has been completely sequenced. hasv rna 1 encodes a 187k protein which includes three domains conserved in rna-dependent rna polymerases of rna viruses in the alpha-like superfamily. ... | 1995 | 11831734 |
| [epidemiology of infection by hepatitis e virus--from the view as a import infection to japan]. | 1995 | 12442500 | |
| [molecular study of hepatitis e virus]. | 1995 | 12442501 | |
| the effect of concurrent infections of haemorrhagic enteritis virus or marble spleen disease virus and eimeria meleagrimitis in turkeys. | turkey poults given the combination of marble spleen disease virus and eimeria meleagrimitis (em) exhibited a greater pathogenic effect caused by the virus and illustrated by an increased spleen weight:gain index and antigen titre. poults inoculated with both haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) and em exhibited an ameliorated pathogenic effect, in that the spleen weight:gain index and mean antigen titre were reduced. a reduction in the faecal score of the same birds was also noted when hev was co ... | 1995 | 18645786 |
| seroprevalence of parvovirus b19, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus antibodies in haemophiliacs treated exclusively with clotting-factor concentrates considered safe against human immunodeficiency and hepatitis c viruses. | clotting-factor concentrates (cfc) are a potential source of transmission of blood-borne viruses. newer physical and chemical methods (pasteurization, wet-heating, solvent/detergent treating) developed to inactivate viruses are effective against hiv, hbv and hcv. however, it is not clear if these methods protect against other pathogenic viruses such as parvovirus b19, cytomegalovirus (cmv), hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev). to evaluate the safety of current cfc we have studied ... | 1995 | 27214319 |
| serological survey on hepatitis e virus infection in an endemic area: diagnosis potential of enzyme immunoassay for detection of igg antibody. | hepatitis e is a major cause of acute icteric disease widespread in tropical and sub-tropical regions but rarely occurring in industrialized countries. recently solid-phase enzyme immunoassays with recombinant antigens have been introduced for diagnosis of this infection. | 1994 | 15566775 |
| non-a, non-b fulminant hepatitis is also non-e and non-c. | to define the roles of the hepatitis c and e viruses (hcv and hev) in non-a, non-b (nanb) fulminant hepatitis. | 1994 | 8273799 |
| antibodies against hepatitis e virus in old world monkeys. | to examine whether indian monkeys are infected with hepatitis e virus (hev) in nature, serum samples from wild rhesus (macaca mullata), bonnet (m. radiata) and langur (presbytes entellus) monkeys were screened for anti-hev igg antibodies in recombinant antigen-based elisa assays. the positivity rates were 36.7%, 19.1% and 2% respectively. the protection of such antibodies against human hev was studied in four rhesus monkeys. of the two rhesus monkeys with anti-hev titres of 100 and 1000 respecti ... | 1994 | 8790567 |
| [hepatitis e]. | 1994 | 7768421 | |
| [hepatitis e antibodies in blood donors, hemodialysis patients and in normal people]. | a substantial proportion of cases of enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis occurring in young to middle-aged adults in asia and the indian subcontinent is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev). it is transmitted mainly by contaminated drinking water and is associated with a high mortality rate (up to 20%) in pregnant women. chronic forms of hepatitis e are not known. an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of igg antibodies to hepatitis e (abbott), based on two recombinant hev anti ... | 1994 | 9480068 |
| expression of hepatitis e virus putative structural proteins in recombinant vaccinia viruses. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a polyadenylated, positive-stranded rna virus which is a major cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in many developing countries. the viral genome contains three different open reading frames (orfs): orf1, which is believed to encode nonstructural proteins, and orf2 and orf3, which are believed to encode structural proteins. the full-length putative structural proteins encoded by orf2 and orf3 of hev have been cloned and expressed in recombinant vacc ... | 1994 | 7496958 |
| hepatitis e. | 1994 | 7863397 | |
| occupational infection with hepatitis c virus in the healthcare setting. | our understanding of the types of hepatitis described previously as non-a, non-b hepatitis has been revolutionized by the discovery of two new viruses, hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus. hcv is transmitted parenterally, and poses a potential occupational hazard to health care workers, including dental staff. no vaccine is currently available, and it is important that an assessment of infection risk is made available to clinicians. | 1994 | 7867856 |
| a new chinese isolate of hepatitis e virus: comparison with strains recovered from different geographical regions. | the full-length cdna of a new chinese strain (ks2-87) of hepatitis e virus (hev) has been constructed and sequenced. the 5' noncoding region of ks2-87 is 26 nucleotides in length, which is one nucleotide shorter than that of hev (b1) (burma) and 23 nucleotides longer than that of hev (mexico). comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ks2-87 with all other published hev sequences showed that ks2-87 was closer to two other chinese strains (cht-88, cht-87) and sar-55 (pakistan) than ... | 1994 | 7871758 |
| [new knowledge about viral hepatitis]. | epidemics caused by a faecaloral transmitted hepatitis virus other than the hepatitis a virus are reported from developing countries. this type of hepatitis is called hepatitis e and is caused by a calicivirus termed hepatitis e virus. many characteristics of this disease are similar to those of hepatitis a. the groups usually infected are older children and young adults in developing countries with poor sanitary facilities. faecal contamination of the drinking water is assumed to be the main pa ... | 1994 | 7825133 |
| response of specific-pathogen-free turkeys to vaccines derived from marble spleen disease virus and hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | tissue-culture-propagated marble spleen disease virus (msdv-tc) and two preparations of spleen homogenate (msdv-sh and msdv-sh-tc) were compared as anti-hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) vaccines in specific-pathogen-free turkeys. both types of vaccines spread horizontally among turkeys, induced anti-hev antibodies, and protected turkeys against challenge with virulent hev. antibody development and horizontal spread of virus occurred earlier in turkeys given msdv-sh or msdv-sh-tc than in those g ... | 1994 | 7832705 |
| [hepatitis e virus]. | hepatitis e, a faecal-oral waterborne acute viral hepatitis, occurs most frequently in epidemic outbreaks in developing countries. hepatitis e virus (hev) is spherical, nonenveloped and varied in size from 27 to 34 nm with a spiked surface. experimental hev infection in primates, molecular cloning involving cdna libraries and recombinant protein technology indicate that the genome can be assigned to a 7.6 kb single stranded positive polyadenylated rna. in a 5'ns-s poly a 3' molecular structure, ... | 1994 | 7840426 |
| [advances in the study of hepatitis e]. | 1994 | 7842885 | |
| fulminant hepatic failure resulting from coexistent wilson's disease and hepatitis e. | fulminant hepatic failure resulting from hepatitis e and coexistent wilson's disease was diagnosed in a six year old girl six weeks after returning from a holiday in india. wilson's disease was diagnosed on the basis of histological evidence of hepatocellular copper deposition, confirmed by biochemical estimation of liver copper concentration. although severely damaged, the liver was non-cirrhotic. hepatitis e virus (hev) was diagnosed by nested polymerase chain reaction, the specificity of whic ... | 1994 | 8020819 |
| hepatitis type e in a french population: detection of anti-hev by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | four synthetic peptides were used to develop an elisa for detecting hepatitis type e infections. antibodies to hev were detected in 54 of 64 patients present during two outbreaks previously recognized as being due to hepatitis e virus. those patients included french soldiers stationed in chad at the time, and algerian civilians residing in algeria and considered as positive controls. anti-hev were also detected in 3 out of 74 cases of sporadic non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in france, and in 2 ou ... | 1994 | 8023016 |
| three cases of acute hepatitis e virus infection imported into norway. | we report 3 cases of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection imported from asia. all 3 patients had fever and upper abdominal discomfort preceding jaundice which lasted 2-3 weeks with maximum bilirubin levels of 141-254 mmol/l. the alt values peaked between 1,347 and 3,690 u/l. both values normalized within 1-2 months. during the acute phase of the disease, all patients had high levels of igg and igm antibodies against hev (anti-hev) recombinant and synthetic peptides. the duration of the anti-h ... | 1994 | 8036468 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in kuwait. | fifty-seven adult patients with acute hepatitis and 34 comparison patients without liver disease were evaluated using a newly developed western blot assay for igm antibody to hepatitis e virus. the mean age of patients with hepatitis was 32 years (range, 18-55 years); 88% were male. among patients with acute hepatitis, hepatitis a (anti-hav igm positive) was diagnosed in two (4%), hepatitis b (anti-hbc igm positive) in three (5%), and hepatitis e (anti-hev igm positive) in 34 (60%). one hepatiti ... | 1994 | 8046431 |
| lack of evidence for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in fulminant non-a, non-b hepatitis. | we studied eight patients who had orthotopic liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure in the course of acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. hbv dna was searched for extensively in the liver tissue by pcr using several sets of primers in conventional and heminested reactions. all patients were negative for hbv dna in liver tissue by all assays employed; furthermore, they were negative for hev rna, hcv rna, and hbv dna in serum. although the causative role of hev and hcv in fulminant non-a, no ... | 1994 | 8050316 |
| diagnosis of acute hepatitis e infection utilizing enzyme immunoassay. | acute hepatitis e infection was diagnosed in a pakistani immigrant admitted to the university of illinois hospital. utilizing enzyme immunoassay (eia) tests, specific igg and igm class antibodies to three different epitopes of hepatitis e virus (hev) were detected 12 weeks after the onset of illness and in the early convalescent stage. sixteen months after the onset of hepatitis, igm anti-hev was no longer detectable. low levels of igg class anti-hev antibodies continued to be detected. we demon ... | 1994 | 8050318 |
| threat of hepatitis e virus infection in somalia during operation restore hope. | in support of operation restore hope, the united states military established a diagnostic laboratory for infectious diseases, the joint forward laboratory, in mogadishu, somalia. because sporadic hepatitis due to unknown causes was a frequent problem, staff members of the joint forward laboratory evaluated 31 somalis, five displaced ethiopians, and three western relief workers who had acute clinical hepatitis. patients lived in multiple locations in somalia--mogadishu, baidoa, and merca--and bec ... | 1994 | 8054416 |
| prior hepatitis a virus infection enhances acute hepatitis e virus infection. | the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are similar. however, two distinct diseases develop after exposure to each one of the viruses, which are apparently unrelated clinically. it is interesting to note that all reported epidemics and single cases of acute hev infection indicate previous exposure to hav. this fact leads us to hypothesize that acute hev infection is dependent on past infection by hepatitis a virus, and that the sequenti ... | 1994 | 8057977 |
| hepatitis e: intrafamilial transmission versus waterborne spread. | the relative significance of intrafamilial transmission and continued water contamination in the spread of hepatitis e is not known. to resolve this question, two surveys were conducted during a large bimodal waterborne epidemic of hepatitis e in kanpur, india, affecting an estimated 79,000 persons: i) april 1991: covering 420 houses (60 houses each in seven municipal wards) selected using multistage sampling and random number tables, and ii) may 1992: covering the same families in five municipa ... | 1994 | 7890884 |
| hepatitis e seroprevalence in selected individuals in south africa. | antibodies to the hepatitis e virus (hev) were detected by an enzyme immunoassay using synthetic hev peptides. positive anti-hev results were confirmed by a neutralization assay and western blot analysis. anti-hev was detected in 10 of 555 canoeists (1.8%) with regular exposure to sewage-polluted water and in 6 of 227 (2.6%) medical students with minimal exposure. the overall prevalence of 16 per 782 individuals (2.05%) suggests that hev may be endemic in south africa. this is confirmed by indic ... | 1994 | 7897368 |
| viral hepatitis. current concepts for dental practice. | the transmission of blood-borne viruses in the dental office is a potential hazard to patients and dental staff, particularly to oral and maxillofacial surgeons. hepatitis b virus has been a recognized hazard for several years, and in the past oral surgeons and other dental health care staff have been infected as a result of occupational exposure. hepatitis c virus in contrast does not appear to be a major occupational hazard to dental staff, nevertheless, infection with this virus can lead to s ... | 1994 | 7898904 |
| low risk of transmission of hepatitis e virus by large-pool coagulation factor concentrates. | 1994 | 7906342 | |
| equivocal serological diagnosis of sporadic fulminant hepatitis e in pregnant indians. | 1994 | 7914292 | |
| association between hepatitis c and hepatitis e viruses in southern italy. | 1994 | 7915787 | |
| hepatitis e virus infection in belgian soldiers. | 1994 | 7915788 | |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in switzerland. | 1994 | 7915789 | |
| viral hepatitis serological markers among pregnant women in caracas, venezuela: implication for perinatal transmission of hepatitis b and c. | viral hepatitis serological markers were analyzed in two groups of pregnant women residing in caracas from: 1) a maternity unit at the moment of delivery (106 sera, low income population), and 2) a private clinic during the third trimester of pregnancy (105 sera, medium-high economic class population). a higher percent positivity was observed in the maternity unit compared to the private clinic for hepatitis a virus (hav) as measured by anti-hav activity (96% vs 48%; p < 0.01%), for hepatitis b ... | 1994 | 7926616 |
| spectrum of hepatitis e virus infection in india. | a solid phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that detects igm and igg to hepatitis e virus (hev) was used to study seroepidemiology in 40 healthy subjects and 227 consecutive patients with liver diseases in an endemic area. fifty-two of the liver diseases patients (22.9 percent) had acute hepatitis e. in contrast, none of the 40 healthy subjects were positive for igm anti-hev, validating the elisa assay. twenty-three of 25 (92%) patients with epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis were confi ... | 1994 | 7931190 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in soldiers sent to endemic regions. | 1994 | 7934527 | |
| successful passive and active immunization of cynomolgus monkeys against hepatitis e. | virtually full protection against hepatitis e and partial or complete protection against infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) were achieved in passively or actively immunized cynomolgus monkeys. hepatitis, viremia, and shedding of the virus in feces were detected in all nonimmunized animals that were challenged with hev. hev titers detected by reverse transcriptase pcr were higher in feces than in serum of nonimmunized animals. anti-hev antibody titers at the time of challenge ranged between 1 ... | 1994 | 7937861 |
| [hepatitis e--epidemiology and clinical aspects]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a newly identified and molecularly characterized rna virus. hev has a worldwide distribution. large epidemics were observed on the indian subcontinent, in central and in southeast asia. the enterically transmitted hev infection also occurs in sporadic form. only few cases of hev infection with clinically apparent hepatitis were diagnosed in western europe and in the usa. hev infection causes symptoms of a self-limiting, acute, icteric disease similar to those of hepati ... | 1994 | 7939056 |
| antibodies to hepatitis e and a viruses among patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease in taiwan. | the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease (cld) was assessed. | 1994 | 7939403 |
| [viral hepatitis a to e--diagnosis, clinical aspects and therapy]. | viral causes of acute or chronic hepatitis are the hepatitis a virus [hav], the hepatitis b virus [hbv], the hepatitis c virus [hcv], the hepatitis delta virus [hdv], and the hepatitis e virus [hev]. these viruses haven been characterized in great detail and can be detected by specific and sensitive serological or molecular assays. while hav and hev cause only acute hepatitis, infection with hbv, hcv or hdv frequently takes a chronic course. with time chronic viral hepatitis can progress to live ... | 1994 | 7940409 |
| the sequence of hepatitis e virus isolated directly from a single source during an outbreak in china. | 1994 | 7941703 | |
| contrasting roles of rivers and wells as sources of drinking water on attack and fatality rates in a hepatitis e epidemic in somalia. | in early 1988, an increased incidence of acute hepatitis was observed in villages along the shebeli river in the lower shebeli region of somalia. this was followed by a large epidemic that lasted until late 1989. in a survey of 142 villages with a population of 245,312 individuals, 11,413 icteric cases were recorded, of which 346 died, corresponding to an attack rate and a case fatality rate of 4.6% and 3.0%, respectively. the etiologic role of hepatitis e virus (hev) in this epidemic was proven ... | 1994 | 7943574 |
| hepatitis e--an important cause of imported non-a, non-b hepatitis among migrant workers in qatar. | in 1985, glynn et al. [journal of medical virology 17:371-375] reported on epidemic viral hepatitis in qatar and concluded that 72% (91/126) had acute enterically transmitted non-a, non-b viral hepatitis (et-nanbh). most of the patients (98%) presented within 8 weeks of arrival in qatar and were migrant workers from the indian subcontinent. the data was reanalysed for evidence of infection with hepatitis e virus (hev). seventy-eight of 91 (86%) of stored sera were still suitable for analysis sin ... | 1994 | 7964652 |
| association between hepatitis e virus and hiv infection in homosexual men. | 1994 | 7968090 | |
| hepatitis e virus in chile. | 1994 | 7968131 | |
| molecular diagnostic techniques for viral hepatitis. | the five different viruses that cause human viral hepatitis, a, b, c, d, and e share the unique property of hepatotropism. identification of the nucleic acid sequences of each of these viruses, coupled with the application of recombinant dna technology, has resulted in the rapid development of molecular diagnostic techniques. currently, molecular hybridization and polymerase chain reaction are the major diagnostic techniques for viral hepatitis. this review discusses the molecular biology of the ... | 1994 | 7989090 |
| hepatitis e. | with the introduction of new, albeit noncommercial, diagnostic tests for the detection of hev, our understanding of this virus has been greatly enhanced. with these tests, it has been possible to begin a delineation of the process of pathogenesis in infected humans. these tests have also shown us that, at least in some individuals, an igg response to hev is long lasting and may confer immunity, and it may be possible to develop a recombinant vaccine against hev. contrary to past results, hev app ... | 1994 | 7989094 |
| [an experimental infection in lambs by the hepatitis e virus]. | lambs were experimentally infected with a pool of 10% hepatitis e (he) patient fecal suspension containing he virus (hev) isolates osh-225 and osh-228 which caused an infection closely resembling experimental he in primates. clinical manifestations consisted of acute biochemical and histological hepatitis, virus shedding in feces, the presence of virus-like particles in the peripharyngeal lymph nodes and the contents of small intestine, of hev rna in the parenchymal organs of lambs. susceptibili ... | 1994 | 7998395 |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus among urban and rural populations in venezuela. | antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev) were detected in sera by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme immunoassay (eia) from different populations in venezuela. antibodies against hev were found in 1.6% (3/184) of urban pregnant woman (caracas), in 3.9% (8/204) of rural populations (san camilo, edo apure), and in 5.4% (12/223) of rural amerindians (padamo, edo amazonas). positivity was confirmed by a neutralization eia based on the use of competing soluble free peptides. the prevalence of antibod ... | 1994 | 8006635 |
| hepatitis type e in italy: a seroepidemiological survey. study group of hepatitis e. | the seroprevalence of antibodies to hev was determined in three different italian populations (volunteer blood donors, normal healthy individuals, and intravenous drug users [ivdus]). the seroprevalence in the populations ranged from 0.74% to 1.94%, with higher rates among ivdus and individuals over 40 years of age. none of 35 patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis a but 10 of 153 (6.5%) patients with acute nona, nonb, nonc hepatitis were found to be positive for anti-hev antibody. one of these ... | 1994 | 8006645 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection]. | 1994 | 7813953 | |
| [further study of experimental hepatitis e in piglets]. | experimental infection of piglets with a fecal pool containing hepatitis e virus (hev) strains osh-25 and osh-228 confirmed previous results obtained with hev strain osh-205 on susceptibility of these animals to hepatitis e. a biphasic increase of transaminase activities, histopathologic changes in the liver, virus excretion with feces were observed in the animals. the genome of viral particles in piglet feces conformed, at least partially, to human hev rna. ultrastructural abnormalities of pigl ... | 1994 | 7716903 |
| [an expanding spectrum of hepatitis viruses]. | 1994 | 7555796 | |
| atypical strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) from north india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was detected during an epidemic in north india. virus particles present in the stool of an acutely ill patient (yam-67) was transmitted intravenously into rhesus monkeys (m. mulata) and orally to a human volunteer. virus-like particles (vlps) of 32-34 nm were detected in the bile of monkeys and in the stools of the human volunteer by means of solid phase immune electron microscopy (spiem) with acute homologous and heterologous sera. the vlps were confirmed to be ... | 1994 | 7798881 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibody in haemodialysis patients. | 1994 | 7802786 | |
| hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence. | 1994 | 7802828 | |
| the role of hepatitis e virus in acute sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis. water-borne epidemics have been reported in many developing countries primarily affecting young and middle-aged adults. to determine the role of hev in acute sporadic nanb hepatitis, we have studied the profiles of anti-hev igg in the sera of patients previously diagnosed for nanb hepatitis. we tested the sera of 53 patients with acute nanb hepatitis and 100 healthy people as a control group for anti-h ... | 1994 | 7698838 |
| the epidemiology of hepatitis c in turkey. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are the principal causes of non-a, non-b hepatitis worldwide, and in turkey one-third of the cases of acute hepatitis are non-a, non-b. to explore the epidemiology of hcv in turkey (including the association of hcv with hev), a seroprevalence study of hcv was conducted. sera from residents from five distinct regions of the country were tested for antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) and hev (anti-hev). anti-hcv was detected in 21 (1.5%) of 1,374 person ... | 1994 | 7698839 |
| fulminant hepatic failure due to hepatitis e virus. | 1994 | 7699253 | |
| effect of infection with hemorrhagic enteritis virus on susceptibility of turkeys to escherichia coli. | the present study was designed to investigate hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) as a predisposing factor influencing the susceptibility of young turkeys to escherichia coli infections. in addition, the pathologic changes caused by administration of e. coli by various routes were compared. following oral infection with hev, groups of turkeys were inoculated with various doses of pathogenic e. coli by intravenous (iv), intra-air sac (ia), or intratracheal (it) routes. a synergistic effect was obse ... | 1994 | 7702502 |
| detection of the negative strand of hepatitis e virus rna in the livers of experimentally infected rhesus monkeys: evidence for viral replication. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis, is a positive-stranded rna virus. because of the virus's inability to grow in culture, several nonhuman primates have been used for the propagation of hev. using strand-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), we demonstrate the presence of negative-stranded hev rna replicative intermediates in the livers of infected animals. this constitutes the first direct evidence of hev replication in t ... | 1994 | 7516419 |
| artificial mosaic protein containing antigenic epitopes of hepatitis e virus. | a synthetic gene encoding an artificial polypeptide composed of antigenic epitopes of the hepatitis e virus (hev) proteins was constructed from short oligodeoxyribonucleotides by using pcr. the polypeptide comprises a mosaic of three antigenically active dominant regions from the protein encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf2), one antigenically active region from the protein encoded by orf3 of the burmese hev strain, and one antigenically active region from the protein encoded by orf3 of the mex ... | 1994 | 7523696 |
| antibodies to hepatitis e virus among chinese patients with acute hepatitis in taiwan. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) was investigated in patients with acute hepatitis, and correlated with the clinical features. sera from 110 patients with acute hepatitis and 60 healthy controls were tested for anti-hev, antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). there were significant differences in the prevalence of anti-hev, anti-hcv, and hbsag between patients and controls (21.8% vs. 0%, 16.3% vs. 1.6% and 58.1% vs. 18.0%, r ... | 1994 | 7525864 |
| persistent and transient antibody responses to hepatitis e virus detected by western immunoblot using open reading frame 2 and 3 and glutathione s-transferase fusion proteins. | recombinant proteins containing amino acid sequences from open reading frame (orf) 2 and orf3 of a chinese strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) were constructed as fusions with glutathione s-transferase (gst). stable fusion proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and the immobilized proteins were probed with sera from hepatitis e patients from various regions or from rhesus monkeys (macaca mulat ... | 1994 | 7529246 |
| viral specificity of hepatitis e virus antigens identified by fluorescent antibody assay using recombinant hev proteins. | a fluorescent antibody (fa) assay for hepatitis e virus antigen (hevag) in infected liver tissue was used to confirm the presence of virus-specific antigens in hepatocytes during the course of infection. with the cloning of the hev genome it is now possible to determine which viral antigens are recognized by this fa assay. recombinant hev proteins covering the carboxyl half of hev open reading frame 2 (orf2) were used in this study to demonstrate that some of the most immunoreactive virus-specif ... | 1994 | 7531755 |
| immunodominant antigenic regions in a structural protein of the hepatitis e virus. | using a set of 11 synthetic peptides containing regions of the polypeptide encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf2) of the hepatitis e virus (hev) genomic rna, two immunodominant regions were found. one region is located at position 546-580 amino acids (aa). another very strong immunodominant region was identified at position 394-470 aa. five peptides spanning this region were found to have antigenic reactivity. one of these 5 peptides demonstrated specific reactivity with 81% of sera obtained fro ... | 1994 | 8259678 |
| hepatitis e virus: epidemiological, clinical and serological studies of north indian epidemic. | a large waterborne epidemic of viral hepatitis occurred in the city of karnal (haryana) from february to april 1987. an attempt was made to study the epidemic clinically, serologically and etiologically. | 1994 | 8206534 |
| hepatitis e virus and posttransfusion hepatitis. | 1994 | 8277192 | |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in saudi arabia. | a newly developed assay for antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) was used to study the rate of exposure to hev infection in two saudi areas: riyadh (central province-788 people) and gizan (southern province-630 people). these two regions were chosen for the study because the riyadh area is an urban area and gizan is considered rural, based on sewage disposal and water sanitation systems in each area. in both areas, hev is endemic and acquisition of infection to the virus starts early in life ... | 1994 | 8067812 |
| detection of hepatitis c and e virus by the polymerase chain reaction. | 1994 | 8071414 | |
| epidemiology and serologic diagnosis of hepatitis e. | 1994 | 8071530 | |
| hepatitis c and e in non-a non-b fulminant hepatic failure: a polymerase chain reaction and serological study. | a significant proportion of patients with fulminant hepatic failure have clinical, biochemical and histological features suggestive of acute viral hepatitis, without serological evidence of either hepatitis a or b. the contribution of hepatitis c to such cases of non-a non-b fulminant hepatic failure is presently uncertain while hepatitis e is well recognized as a cause of fulminant hepatic failure in endemic areas. nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of both hepatitis c and e virus a ... | 1994 | 8071532 |
| etiology of acute sporadic hepatitis in spain: the role of hepatitis c and e viruses. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis viruses and analyze the epidemiological features in acute hepatitis in spain. consecutive serum samples from 341 patients with acute hepatitis were tested for igm anti-hepatitis a virus, igm anti-hepatitis b core antigen and hbsag. the antibody to hepatitis c virus was determined using a second-generation enzyme immunoassay. in selected cases, serum was tested for antibodies for hepatitis e virus by enzyme immunoassay and hepatit ... | 1994 | 8071533 |
| anti-hev antibodies in acute hepatitis in france. | 1994 | 8071548 | |
| epidemic hepatitis e in pakistan: patterns of serologic response and evidence that antibody to hepatitis e virus protects against disease. | igm and igg anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) patterns were determined in sera collected during a hepatitis outbreak in pakistan. hev infection was detected serologically in 122 patients. igm anti-hev was detected in specimens collected up to 2 weeks before and 5-7 weeks after hospitalization in 91% and 100%, respectively, of 122 hev-infected patients. igg followed a similar pattern. peak antibody titers appeared 2-4 weeks after hospitalization. at 20 months after hospitalization, igm anti-hev was no ... | 1994 | 8077708 |
| infectivity titration of a prototype strain of hepatitis e virus in cynomolgus monkeys. | the infectivity titer of a standard stock of the sar-55 strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) was determined in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) and the effect of dose on the course of the infection was examined by weekly monitoring of alanine aminotransferase (alt) and anti-hev levels. antibody to hev (anti-hev) was measured with elisas based on orf-2 recombinant antigens consisting of either a 55 kda region expressed in insect cells or shorter regions expressed as fusion proteins in bacte ... | 1994 | 8083660 |
| immunohistochemical study of hepatitis e virus antigen in liver tissues from patients with hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus antigen (hevag) has been identified in liver tissue of 6 out of 14 patients with hepatitis e using anti-hev-igg-horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and direct immunoperoxidase staining methods. hevag was found only in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, but nor in the nuclei. the hevag positive hepatocytes were scattered singly, but in a few parts, where the liver damage was severe, the hevag positive cells were quite concentrated. we also observed the invasion of lymphocytes into the hevag ... | 1994 | 8088185 |
| [the immunological and epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis e in servicemen]. | 1994 | 8091697 | |
| [acute sporadic hepatitis caused by the e virus in chile. clinical case]. | a 53 year old female nurse presenting with malaise, jaundice and pruritus is reported. physical examination only disclosed jaundice and laboratory values showed an alt of 445 u/l, asat of 179 u/l, alkaline phosphatases of 455 u/l and a total bilirubin of 7.7 mg/dl. serological markers for hepatitis virus e were positive and negative for hepatitis virus a, b and c, cytomegalovirus and epstein barr virus. the patient recovered fully in 10 weeks and is asymptomatic after 5 years of follow up. healt ... | 1994 | 8066347 |
| problem hepatitis viruses: the mutants. | genetic variations in the known human hepatitis viruses are probably the result (a) of high viral replication rates and poor or absent proofreading ability intrinsic to rna viruses (hav, hcv, hdv, hev) and (b) to a dna virus (hbv) that uses a reverse-transcription mechanism for genomic replication. nucleotide substitutions, deletions, duplications, insertions, and rearrangements resulting in amino acid changes may have no consequences, may impair replication, change host susceptibility, or may l ... | 1994 | 8109589 |