Publications

shigella infection as observed in the experimentally inoculated domestic pig, sus scrofa domestica.	the domestic pig, sus scrofa domestica, was investigated as a potential animal model for shigellosis. we examined the effects of pig age, pig breed and antibiotic pretreatment upon shigella infection. shigella dysenteriae, and shigella flexneri (both virulent and avirulent strains) were utilized. our results indicated that young (4-week-old), conventionally re ared, domestic pigs were routinely, but briefly, colonized (average=3.5+/-2.5 days) following oral or gavage administration ofs. flexneri ...	1998	9817822
[practical implementation of control measures against highly contagious animal diseases in the territory of the european union exemplified by classical swine fever].	the reasons for abandoning prophylactic vaccination against highly contagious animal diseases in the european union on principle are illustrated. the practical implementation of control measures under the current framework are explained with respect to an outbreak of classical swine fever, emphasizing the role of the local crisis center, the veterinary diagnostic laboratories and the need for an overall control and coordination of the campaign at the regional level. in view of the continuous ris ...	1998	9818462
ex vivo comparison of four lithotripters commonly used in the ureter: what does it take to perforate?	we hoped to determine the number of pulses and energy needed to create acute ureteral perforations with four different lithotripters in a reproducible ex vivo model. a simple model was constructed to control variables in the testing such as wall thickness, intraluminal pressure, distance between the probe tip and ureter, and power delivered to tissue. segments of domestic pig ureter were prepared and fixed in position in a normal saline (ns) bath at room temperature. we then attempted perforatio ...	1998	9847062
utility of the harmonic scalpel for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.	laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (lpn) remains a technically challenging procedure largely because of the lack of methods for obtaining consistent parenchymal hemostasis. the objective of this study was to determine if the extent of resection influences the ability of the harmonic scalpel to achieve hemostasis and to define the cases in which the harmonic scalpel is appropriate for lpn. thirty lpns were performed in a 25-kg domestic pig model. the blunt blade of the laparoscopic harmonic scalpel ...	1998	9847067
the soft tissue cover of the mandibular condyle. differentiation in histological forms and age-related changes of aggrecan- and versican-like proteoglycans.	age-related changes of the composition of the extracellular matrix of the soft tissue cover of the mandibular condyle (stc), especially of the large proteoglycans, have been investigated. proteoglycans were extracted from the stc of neonatal, juvenile and adult domestic pigs, fractionated by density gradient centrifugation and analyzed by electrophoresis/western blotting. experiments revealed firstly that a large cs/ks proteoglycan (aggrecan) is an essential constituent of the stc at all ages. t ...	1998	9857606
facilitating intracorporeal colorectal anastomoses.	an experimental study was undertaken to evaluate whether a previously described technique for laparoscopic sigmoid resection with intracorporeal resection-anastomosis and specimen removal via a suprapubic incision could be facilitated and applied to the rectum.	1998	9876710
heterogeneity of myocardial edema in isolated pig hearts after perfusion with different types of cardioprotective solutions.	the extent and distribution of myocardial edema induced by perfusion with cardioprotective solutions is of great interest. domestic pig hearts (n = 12) were perfused in situ after aortic cross clamping either with bretschneider's cardioplegic solution (htk, 4 degrees c, n = 3), with a heparinized krebs-henseleit solution containing 30 mmol/l 2,3 butanedionemonoxime (bdm, 4 degrees c, n = 3) or with heparinized pig blood (hpb, 24 degrees c, n = 3). after a three-hours storage period, magnetic res ...	1998	9885120
short report: identification of the likely etiologic agent of human trichinellosis in sicily (italy) between 1933 and 1946.	larvae of trichinella sp. collected in 1961 from muscle samples of the last infected domestic pig slaughtered in sicily (italy), and preserved in absolute ethyl alcohol until 1997, have been identified as trichinella spiralis by the polymerase chain reaction. this finding explains the severity of the clinical picture, resulting in death, and the high number of fatal cases (20 of 184, 11%) observed in three sicilian outbreaks between 1933 and 1945, caused by the consumption of sausages from pigs ...	1998	9886198
laparoscopic renal cryotherapy in swine: comparison of puncture cryotherapy preceded by arterial embolization and contact cryotherapy.	variable results of open, percutaneous, and laparoscopic cryosurgery of the kidney have been reported. minimally invasive approaches to lower-pole renal ablation were prospectively compared in swine: laparoscopic puncture cryoablation preceded by arterial embolization, laparoscopic contact cryosurgery, and arterial embolization alone. eighteen kidneys in nine domestic pigs were randomized to one of three treatment groups of six organs each: (1) puncture cryotherapy preceded by selective lower-po ...	1998	9895264
efficient debridement of necrotic wounds using proteolytic enzymes derived from antarctic krill: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in a standardized animal wound model.	wound healing can be accelerated by removing necrotic tissue. various methods of wound debridement have been developed, including enzymatic debridement. recently potent proteolytic enzymes were isolated from the intestine of euphausia superba (antarctic krill) that might be useful for degrading necrotic tissue. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the debriding properties of krill enzymes, using a specially designed animal model and a computerized analysis system. in 10 female domestic pigs ...	1998	9776850
african swine fever virus nl gene is not required for virus virulence.	previously, we described a highly conserved nonessential african swine fever virus (asfv) right variable region gene, nl. deletion of nl from the european pathogenic isolate e70 resulted in almost complete attenuation of the virus in domestic swine. to study gene function further, nl gene deletion mutants were constructed from two pathogenic african asfv isolates, malawi lil-20/1 (mal) and pretoriuskop/96/4 (pr4). unexpectedly, both mal (mal-deltanl) and pr4 (pr4deltanl) null mutants remained hi ...	1998	9780062
effect of hypertonic saline solution and dextran on ventricular blood flow and heart-lung interaction after hemorrhagic shock.	hypertonic saline solutions may have beneficial hemodynamic effects in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. the effects on cardiac function and potential interaction with lung function are controversial and served as the basis for this study.	1998	9780983
characterisation of pseudorabies virus isolated from wild boar (sus scrofa).	seroepidemiological evidence had suggested that pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus (prv) infections occur in the european wild boar population in eastern germany, although attempts to isolate the causative agent had failed. in 1995 and 1996, five virus isolates were recovered from latently infected wild boar originating from two regions where the disease was endemic. the isolates were identified as prv by immunofluorescence and neutralisation with specific sera and grouped as prv type i. co ...	1998	9795404
combined effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin ii receptor antagonism in conscious pigs with congestive heart failure.	the goal of this study was to determine if the hemodynamic effects of the combined administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor and angiotensin ii type 1 (at1) receptor antagonist are greater than those produced by either of these agents administered individually during heart failure.	1998	9798526
characterization of reciprocal translocations in pigs using dual-colour chromosome painting and primed in situ dna labelling.	we report the use of dual-colour chromosome painting to determine the exact nature of certain chromosome rearrangements observed in the pig (sus scrofa domestica). the chromosomal abnormalities were detected by gtg- and rbg-banding techniques. the initially proposed interpretations were: (1) rcp(6;13)(p1.5;q4.1); (2) rcp(11;16)(p1.4;q1.4); (3) rcp(6;16)(p1.1;q1.1); (4) rcp(13;17)(q4.1;q1.1); (5) rcp(6;14)(q2.7;q2.1); (6) rcp(3;5)(p1.3;q2.3); (7) rcp(2; 14)(q1.3;q2.7); (8) rcp(15;17)(q1.3;q2.1). ...	1998	9872665
a nonessential african swine fever virus gene uk is a significant virulence determinant in domestic swine.	sequence analysis of the right variable genomic region of the pathogenic african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate e70 revealed a novel gene, uk, that is immediately upstream from the previously described asfv virulence-associated gene nl-s (l. zsak, z. lu, g. f. kutish, j. g. neilan, and d. l. rock, j. virol. 70:8865-8871, 1996). uk, transcriptionally oriented toward the right end of the genome, predicts a protein of 96 amino acids with a molecular mass of 10.7 kda. searches of genetic databases ...	1998	9444996
histologic characteristics of laparoscopic argon beam coagulation.	to describe histologic effects of laparoscopic argon beam coagulation and determine the extent of tissue necrosis at various power settings and exposure times.	1998	9454871
animal models: nutrition and lipoprotein metabolism.	despite limitations, animal models continue to provide insight into the etiology of atherosclerosis. hamsters, guinea-pigs, and domesticated pigs are being used more frequently to address the biochemical bases for the effects of dietary lipids on cholesterol metabolism.	1998	9502327
evaluation of mechanism of increased intracranial pressure with insufflation.	previous studies have documented an increase in intracranial pressure with abdominal insufflation, but the mechanism has not been explained.	1998	9502709
monitoring renal cryosurgery: predictors of tissue necrosis in swine.	to examine parameters for monitoring renal cryosurgery and correlate with histopathologic necrosis in a porcine model. parameters include: 1) tissue temperature, 2) distance of tissue from the cryosurgical probe insertion site, and 3) inclusion of tissue by the visible iceball.	1998	9507886
mechanisms of sex-ratio adjustment in domestic swine: reply to james	no abstract. copyright 1998 the association for the study of animal behaviour.	1998	9514677
multiple mechanisms may affect birth sex ratio in domestic pigs	no abstract. copyright 1998 the association for the study of animal behaviour.	1998	9514678
comparison of tissue oxygen-tension measurements by different devices. an experimental study in pigs.	the aim of this study was to evaluate measurements of subcutaneous oxygen tension (psco2) generated by three different monitors and to compare measurements obtained with and without the tonometer technique in a standardized animal model. seven domestic pigs weighing 20-28 kg were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated. a pulmonary artery catheter was inserted for haemodynamic monitoring and temperature measuring. an external carotid artery was cannulated for blood pressure monitoring and bloo ...	1998	9516658
development and morphological variability of echinococcus granulosus.	characteristics are presented of echinococcus granulosus strobila from dogs experimentally infected with protoscolices from a single cyst isolated from the liver of a domestic pig in a central slovakian district. adult cestodes are characterized mainly by 28-32 hooks highly variable in shape and size; 26-51 testes situated mostly throughout the proglottis (1 or 3 rows behind the vitelline gland); a lobate ovary; the shape of the uterus, which in 10% of proglottides is more or less spherical, in ...	1998	9521012
deletion of a cd2-like gene, 8-dr, from african swine fever virus affects viral infection in domestic swine.	an african swine fever virus (asfv) gene with similarity to the t-lymphocyte surface antigen cd2 has been found in the pathogenic african isolate malawi lil-20/1 (open reading frame [orf] 8-dr) and a cell culture-adapted european virus, ba71v (orf ep402r) and has been shown to be responsible for the hemadsorption phenomenon observed for asfv-infected cells. the structural and functional similarities of the asfv gene product to cd2, a cellular protein involved in cell-cell adhesion and t-cell-med ...	1998	9525608
an amorphous hydrogel enhances epithelialisation of wounds.	hydrogel dressings are gaining increased clinical acceptance as a wound management modality. the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three amorphous hydrogels with occlusive, control treatment (tegaderm) on healing of experimental wounds. eight partial-thickness cutaneous wounds (2.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 0.04 cm) were made, using an electrokeratome, and the four treatments were allocated by randomisation within a cephalad and a caudal region on each of six 60-kg domestic pigs. in total, ...	1998	9534889
chagas disease in the amazon basin: association of panstrongylus geniculatus (hemiptera: reduviidae) with domestic pigs.	just over 100 autochthonous cases of chagas disease are reported from the brazilian amazon basin. panstrongylus geniculatus (latreille) occurs throughout the region and is the known vector of trypanosoma cruzi, principal zymodeme 3 (z3) to the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus. in the small riverine community of furo do rio pau grande, pigsties adjoining houses were heavily infested with p. geniculatus, which repeatedly attacked local inhabitants. palm trees in the immediate vicinity were also infe ...	1998	9538568
1998 scvir gary j. becker young investigator award. endovascular repair of arterial pseudoaneurysms with use of a perfusion balloon catheter.	pseudoaneurysms represent contained disruption of the arterial wall. iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms frequently complicate complex endovascular procedures. with use of an animal model, the authors attempted to determine the safety and efficacy of using a perfusion balloon catheter (pbc) to thrombose surgically created pseudoaneurysms.	1998	9540901
nine new cases of reciprocal translocation in the domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica l.).	nine pigs with decreased litter size or sired by boars with decreased litter size were found to be reciprocal translocation carriers. four large white animals (two females and two males) demonstrated translocations involving chromosomes 1 and 9 (1p-;9p+), 11 and 13 (11q+;13q-), 3 and 13 (3;13)(p1.5;q3.1), and 15 and 17 (15;17)(q1.3;q2.1). two large white x pietrain terminal boars demonstrated translocations involving chromosomes 11 and 16 (11;16)(p1.4;q1.4), and 6 and 14 (6;14)(q2.7;q2.1). the ( ...	1998	9542161
ultrasonic epithelial ablation of the lower esophagus without stricture formation. a new technique for barrett's ablation.	the premalignant potential of barrett's esophagus has stimulated efforts to find a way to ablate the columnar epithelium in order to reheal the area with squamous epithelium, thus obviating the cancer risk. this study describes and evaluates a new technique using ultrasonic energy to ablate the epithelium of the lower esophagus in a porcine model.	1998	9543526
comparative biomembrane permeation of tacrine using yucatan minipigs and domestic pigs as the animal model.	tacrine (tha), a centrally acting acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor, is presently administered perorally for the treatment of alzheimer's disease (ad). however, its low bioavailablity (i.e., 17%) and short half-life (2-4 h) demand the search for alternative routes of administration. the primary objective of this study was to assess the potential of absorptive mucosae and skin as routes for improving the systemic delivery of tha. the yucatan minipig, which has been used increasingly in biomedical ...	1998	9548896
hemodynamic effects of the laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum during sepsis in a porcine endotoxic shock model.	the authors compared the hemodynamic effects of laparoscopic intervention with conventional laparotomy in an endotoxic shock model in the pig.	1998	9563532
low molecular weight heparin prevents the pulmonary hemodynamic and pathomorphologic effects of endotoxin in a porcine acute lung injury model.	tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) activity, platelet and neutrophil degranulation and margination, and increased vascular permeability are central to the pathophysiology of endotoxin-mediated acute lung injury. nonanticoagulant activities of low molecular weight heparin (lmwh) include solubilization of the tnf-alpha receptor protein, inhibition of neutrophil adhesion, and regulation of thromboxane b2 (txb2) biosynthesis. in this study, we evaluated the ability of lmwh to modulate tnf-alpha ...	1998	9565256
body weight distribution and organ size in newborn swine (sus scrofa domestica) -- a study describing an animal model for asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation.	normal growth is the expression of the genetic potential to growth which is neither abnormally constrained nor promoted by internal or external factors. restricted fetal growth is common in human pregnancy and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. because of ethical restrictions, pathogenetical studies are necessarily dependent on appropriate animal models. in the studies presented, evidence will be provided that the naturally occurring distribution of body weight in ne ...	1998	9570503
growth and structural features of the adult stage of ascaris suum (nematoda, ascaridoidea) from experimentally infected domestic pigs.	for studying the morphogenesis of the adult stage of ascaris suum, worms were obtained from experimentally infected domestic pigs. structural and morphometric features of a. suum are analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. it was shown that the increase in length of the worm from days 35 to 56 is based on a region-specific lengthening of individual transverse annuli in the cuticle. an increased worm size also results in an increased diameter of different cuticular sense organs. it is ...	1998	9576498
pseudorabies in the european wild boar from eastern germany.	sera collected from european wild boar (sus scrofa) shot in eastern germany between january 1991 and december 1994 were tested for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv). of 3,143 sera tested, 281 (8.9%) and 13 (0.4%) were positive and suspect in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), respectively. the specificity of the reactions was confirmed by detection of neutralizing antibodies in 220 sera (74.8%) and by immunoblotting. analysis of host age and sex of the animals, temporal and spati ...	1998	9577771
the timing of congenital brachial plexus injury: a study of electromyography findings in the newborn piglet.	permanent congenital brachial plexus palsy is a recognized serious complication associated with shoulder dystocia. the timing and etiology of this injury remains controversial. previous authorities have used adult-derived, non-brachial plexus data to extrapolate the anticipated timing for electromyographic denervation changes to date such injuries in the newborn. with use of a domestic swine model, this investigation tests the hypothesis that electromyographic evidence of brachial plexus denerva ...	1998	9579430
ventilatory strategies affect gas exchange in a pig model of closed-chest cardiac compression.	to identify the arterial and mixed venous blood gas changes caused by different ventilatory strategies during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation in a pig model of closed-chest cardiac compression.	1998	9581140
the axillary tree as a source of musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps in a fixed-skin porcine model.	our understanding of muscle, fascia, and skin flap physiology is based largely on data obtained from rodent, rabbit, or canine models. the presence of a well-developed panniculus carnosus confounds the extrapolation of data from these animals to humans. this study attempted to define microsurgically applicable musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps in the pig that would be comparable to flaps commonly used in humans. lead oxide was injected into each axillary artery of three standard white d ...	1998	9600430
effects of diverse developmental environments on neuronal morphology in domestic pigs (sus scrofa).	potential effects of environmental rearing conditions on the brains of farm animals have not been examined experimentally, with the exception of one report for pig somatosensory cortex. the goal of the present experiment was to determine whether different developmental environments in use in agricultural production units affect neuronal morphology in the pig cerebral cortex. littermate female pigs (gilts) were cross-fostered at birth and reared in either an indoor (n = 6) or outdoor (n = 6) prod ...	1998	9602033
toxicity of atractyloside in precision-cut rat and porcine renal and hepatic tissue slices.	atractyloside (atr) causes acute fatal renal and hepatic necrosis in animals and humans. precision-cut renal cortical and hepatic slices (200 +/- 15 microns) from adult male wistar rat and domestic pigs, incubated with atr (0.2-2.0 mm) for 3 h at 37 degrees c, inhibited pyruvate-stimulated gluconeogenesis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. p-aminohippurate accumulation was significantly inhibited in both rat and pig renal cortical slices from 0.2 mm atr (p < 0.05). there was a small ...	1998	9465261
gnathostomiasis in wild boars from japan.	gnathostoma doloresi, a nematode parasite producing ulcerative and/or granulomatous lesions in the gastric wall of domestic pigs and wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) throughout southeastern asia, is an important zoonosis causing cutaneous larva migrans in humans. patients infected with g. doloresi have been found yearly in the vicinity of miyazaki prefecture, japan. adult nematodes were found in 31 of 32 wild boars captured at two different geographic locations in the prefecture, a location i ...	1998	9476238
gasless videoendoscopic implantation of aortobifemoral vascular prostheses via transperitoneal versus extraperitoneal approach in an animal model.	the goal of this acute experimental study was to demonstrate the practicability and reproducibility of aortobifemoral bifurcational prosthesis implantations via either a transperitoneal or extraperitoneal approach using gasless videoendoscopic instrumentation. the endoscopically sutured end-to-side aortic anastomoses were also examined for fluid tightness.	1998	9479728
the therapeutic effect of c1-inhibitor on gut-derived bacterial translocation after thermal injury.	to test the effects of c1-esterase inhibitor in scald burns on bacterial translocation and intestinal damage, standardized deep partial-thickness burns were inflicted on domestic pigs, scalding 30% of the skin surface for 25 s with 75 degrees c hot water. the animals (n = 17; weight 25-35 kg) were divided into three groups: i) the control group (n = 5) without scald burn; ii) the group (n = 6) with scald burn; and iii) the group with c1-inhibitor (n = 6): scald burn and treatment with c1-inhibit ...	1998	9488254
percutaneous retroperitoneal splenorenal shunt: an experimental study in swine.	to evaluate the technical possibility of creating a percutaneous retroperitoneal splenorenal shunt (press) in swine as a minimally invasive treatment of portal hypertension.	1998	9494504
a conserved african swine fever virus right variable region gene, l11l, is non-essential for growth in vitro and virulence in domestic swine.	the right variable region of the african swine fever virus (asfv) genome is known to contain genes with functions involving virus virulence and host range in swine. a novel open reading frame, orf l11l, which was absent in the non-pathogenic, cell culture-adapted european isolate ba71v, was identified in the pathogenic african isolate malawi lil-20/1. the location of l11l in the right variable region, together with its absence in ba71v, suggested that l11l may have a function in virus virulence ...	1998	9603334
the relationship of ischemia-reperfusion injury of transplanted lung and the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex ii on host peripheral lymphocytes.	this study was designed to examine the relationship between ex vivo preservation time of the transplanted lung and the extent of injury and to relate this to the severity of rejection with and without allogenicity.	1998	9605065
determination of stereotaxic coordinates for the hippocampus in the domestic pig.	in this study a stereotaxic instrument and a stereotaxic procedure based on external skull structures, to be used in prepubertal male landrace pigs weighing less than 30 kg, is described. the instrument represents an adaptation of the apparatus designed by marcilloux et al., brain res bull 1989;22:591-597, but we have modified the instrument for stereotaxic procedures based on external skull structures, instead of intracerebral structures necessitating ventriculography (marcilloux et al., brain ...	1998	9606047
arthropod succession patterns onto burnt carrion in two contrasting habitats in the hawaiian islands.	decomposition studies were conducted using carcasses of domestic pigs, sus scrofa l., one burned and the other unburned (the control) to determine effects of burning on arthropod succession patterns. the burnt carcass corresponded to a cgs level #2 burn victim. the studies were conducted in two contrasting habitats, both on the island of oahu. the first was conducted in a xerophytic habitat from 1 sept. 1995 through 1 oct. 1995 while the second was conducted in a rainforest habitat from 29 april ...	1998	9608693
laparoscopic cryosurgery of the kidney in the porcine model: an acute histological study.	to verify histologically whether cryosurgery of the kidney can be accomplished reproducibly without injuring adjacent structures, using a combination of ultrasound and laparoscopic guidance.	1998	9610574
effect of anion secretion inhibitors on mucin content of airway submucosal gland ducts.	in porcine bronchi, inhibition of both cl- and hco3- transport is required to block the anion secretion response to ach and to cause mucus accumulation within ach-treated submucosal gland ducts [s. k. inglis, m. r. corboz, a. e. taylor, and s. t. ballard. am. j. physiol. 272 (lung cell. mol. physiol. 16): l372-l377, 1997]. in this previous study, a combination of three potential hco3- transport inhibitors [1 mm acetazolamide, 1 mm dids, and 0.1 mm dimethylamiloride (dma)] was used to block carbo ...	1998	9612291
[experimental evaluation of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles in pulmonary mr angiography].	initial experimental results of contrast-enhanced pulmonary mr angiography using the new superparamagnetic iron oxide blood pool agent feo-bpa.	1998	9617369
plasma catecholamine levels following tracheal and intravenous epinephrine administration in swine.	we compared plasma epinephrine levels after three different tracheal epinephrine application techniques and intravenous injection in male and female anesthetized and paralyzed domestic pigs. epinephrine was administered intravenously (10 microg/kg) (group i.v.) or tracheally (100 microg/kg) either by direct injection into the upper end of the tracheal tube (group tube), via a suction tube placed into the bronchial system (group catheter) or using an edgar tube (group edgar), each group: n = 8. a ...	1998	9627070
african swine fever: a disease characterized by apoptosis.	the cell tropism, organ distribution and resultant pathology of african swine fever were compared in domestic pigs infected with lethal (malawi) and sublethal (malta) isolates of african swine fever virus (asfv). after infections with both isolates, asfv was predominantly localized in cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system and was not observed in endothelial cells in lymphoid tissue. more severe tissue destruction and cell depletion, associated with high levels of infected macrophages, were ...	1998	9634085
the pathogenesis of african swine fever in the resistant bushpig.	bushpigs and warthogs are natural reservoir hosts of african swine fever virus (asfv) in the wild, showing no clinical signs of disease when infected with the same highly virulent isolates of asfv that induce rapid, haemorrhagic death in domestic pigs. in contrast to domestic pigs, infection of bushpigs with malawi isolate results in low levels of virus replication and lymphocyte apoptosis within the spleen, and a relatively low spread of virus to other lymphoid tissues. however, at 10 days post ...	1998	9634086
membrane bounded dense bodies (mbb) of the domestic pig pinealocytes--current state of knowledge.	the results of our former investigations concerning the pig pinealocyte organelles named membrane bounded dense bodies (mbb) have been summarized. the presence of mbb is the most conspicuous morphological feature of pinealocytes of genus suidae. the relative volume of mbb in the cell bodies of pinealocytes in adult domestic pigs ranges from 8% to 16% of whole cytoplasm. on the basis of their morphology, membrane bounded bodies were divided into two main types: mbb-1 and mbb-2. dense bodies of mb ...	1997	9646700
the public health risks associated with wild and feral swine.	wild swine populations (sus scrofa) are present in many regions of the world. large feral populations in north america and australia are principally derived from introduced domestic pigs. in europe, most wild boar are found in germany and poland. while wild swine are certainly a significant reservoir of infection for domestic swine diseases (for example, african swine fever virus in wild boar in sardinia), these swine generally do not constitute a major public health risk. brucella suis infectio ...	1997	9501373
from babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) to domestic pig: the nutrition of swine.		1997	9483666
fourier-transform raman spectra of ivory. iii: identification of mammalian specimens.	the ft-raman spectra of six mammalian ivories, other than elephant and mammoth, are presented and spectral differences formulated into a protocol for the identification of animal species from the ivory samples. in this study, sperm whale, walrus, wart hog, narwhal, hippopotamus and domestic pig are considered. the results, which are obtained non-destructively from a variety of specimens, suggest that ft-raman spectroscopy provides a potentially useful method for the identification of mammalian i ...	1997	9477579
[animal foci and routes of transmission of mycobacterium avium].	the main source of mycobacterium avium are tuberculous birds especially domestic fowl. tuberculosis seldom occurs in other domesticated birds. of free living birds, the synantropic species are affected. these birds are infected by contact with tuberculous fowl and spread the infection. the spread of m. avium in free living birds is not assumed. as to domestic mammals, domestic pigs are the most important source of m. avium. mycobacteria are eliminated for a short time in the faeces of infected p ...	1997	9471296
regulation of conceptus development and attachment in pigs.	implantation/placentation in domestic pigs is preceded by synthesis of oestrogen by the conceptus to maintain functional corpora lutea throughout pregnancy and a rapid morphological transformation of conceptuses from spherical to long filamentous thread-like structures. initial conceptus expansion, reaching a metre in length, not only delineates the surface area for placental attachment, but also provides the mechanism for delivery of oestrogen to signal events necessary for placentation through ...	1997	9602725
epidemiological study of campylobacter spp. in broilers: source, time of colonization, and prevalence.	from october 1993 to august 1994, broiler chickens in four grow-out houses, two previously used (houses 1 and 2) and two newly constructed (houses 3 and 4), were used in a study to determine the source, time of infection, and prevalence of campylobacter spp. cecal droppings and cecal samples were obtained from the broilers. samples were also obtained from water, feed, litter, soil, fans, and workers' boots. samples were obtained from domestic animals and wildlife species (rectal swabs), includin ...	1997	9454923
in vivo liposome-mediated transfection of hla-dr alpha-chain gene into pig hearts.	scarcity of suitable donor organs remains a major problem for organ transplantation. transfer of recipient hla-genes into animal donor-organs during harvest could induce graft-tolerance without suppressing the recipient immune system.	1997	9458153
creatinine is an appropriate reference for urinary sulphatoxymelatonin of laboratory animals and humans.	in our studies on diurnal 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (amt6s) rhythms in various species, we have sometimes obtained fluctuating patterns. in most of these, the volume of individual urine fractions was not accurately measured because of methodological problems. here, we report a simple method to overcome these problems by using urinary creatinine to estimate urine volume. the benefit of this method is demonstrated in two representative examples of the diurnal amt6s rhythms of rats, domestic pigs and h ...	1997	9462851
effects of sympathicolytic and sympathicomimetic drugs on pineal ultrastructure in the domestic pig.	the effects of a 4-day administration of two sympathicolytic (alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, propranolol) and three sympathicomimetic (clorgyline, isoproterenol, dobutamine) drugs on the ultrastructure of the pineal gland in the domestic pig were examined. the morphological changes in the pinealocytes of the experimental groups mainly concerned cytoplasmic dense bodies, primary lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, dense core vesicles, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. these structures seemed to be under ...	1997	9462852
effects of sympathicolytic and sympathicomimetic drugs on plasma immunoreactive melatonin in the domestic pig.	plasma immunoreactive melatonin was monitored for 110 hr in sexually immature female domestic pigs kept under 12l:12d light conditions and treated with two sympathicolytic (alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, propranolol) and three sympathicomimetic (clorgyline, isoproterenol, dobutamine) drugs. mean levels of plasma melatonin in the control pigs showed significant diurnal changes with the highest values during the scotophase. in the individual gilts the diurnal changes of plasma melatonin were markedly ir ...	1997	9462853
the influence of the c1-inhibitor berinert and the protein-free haemodialysate actihaemyl20% on the evolution of the depth of scald burns in a porcine model.	standardized deep partial-thickness burns were inflicted on domestic pigs by scalding 30 per cent of the skin surface for 25 s with 75 degrees c hot water. the animals (n = 18; weight 25-35 kg) were divided into three groups: i, control group (n = 6), ringer's lactate only; ii, haemodialysate group (n = 6), ringer's lactate and a protein-free haemodialysate of calf-blood (actihaemyl20%; ah) and iii, c1-inhibitor group (n = 6), ringer's lactate and c1-inhibitor (c1-inh; berinert). skin biopsies w ...	1997	9429024
haemoperfusion treatment in pigs experimentally intoxicated by paraquat.	1. because of their similarity in renal morphology and physiology to humans, domestic pigs (gilts, 70 kg) were bolus treated by intramuscular injection of 74, 17, and 6 mg kg-1 and by oral loading (70 mg kg-1 n = 4) of paraquat. the concentration peak of plasma paraquat was reached at 1.5 - 2.5 h. renal clearance of paraquat rose to its maximum at 5-6 h after intoxication and then sharply decreased indicating renal failure. all the intoxicated pigs died. 2. an additional 10 gilts were also orall ...	1997	9429084
new method for monitoring the functional state of a dynamic cardiomyoplasty.	to assess the impact of a dynamic cardiomyoplasty on failing hearts, it is essential to estimate the contraction force of the skeletal muscle and how its contraction is synchronized with the heart cycle.	1997	9434705
intracerebroventricular porcine corticotropin-releasing hormone and cortisol effects on pig immune measures and behavior.	the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of porcine corticotropin-releasing hormone (pcrh) and cortisol on the immune system and behavior were examined in domestic pigs. in experiment 1, 50 micrograms of pcrh in 200 microliters of saline or 200 microliters of vehicle was administered i.c.v. at 0600 h. blood samples were obtained at 0600 (prior to injection), 0700, and 0800 h. plasma cortisol concentrations were higher at 1 and 2 h after pcrh than after saline. generally, pcrh ...	1997	8976528
sensitivity and behavioral responses to the pheromone androstenone are not mediated by the vomeronasal organ in domestic pigs.	based largely on results of studies of laboratory rodents, the vomeronasal or accessory olfactory system is believed to function mainly in social communication, mediating the effects of stimuli such as urine or glandular secretions on the behavior or endocrine response of conspecifics. in the domestic pig (sus scrofa), the steroid androstenone has been identified as a pheromone that facilitates expression of both attraction to the male and a receptive mating stance in estrous females. though the ...	1997	8980852
a comparative study of three occlusive dressings in the treatment of full-thickness wounds in pigs.	little objective information is available on the influence of occlusive dressings on the healing of cutaneous full-thickness wounds.	1997	8996261
the effects of desflurane on splanchnic hemodynamics and oxygenation in the anesthetized pig.	this study was designed to investigate the effects of desflurane on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics, o2 delivery and o2 uptake, tissue oxygenation (as monitored by surface po2 electrodes), and hepatic oxygen-dependent intermediary metabolism (hepatic lactate uptake, intestinal lactate production, ketone-body ratio) in the pig. we studied 11 anesthetized (i.e., ketamine, flunitrazepam, vecuronium) and ventilated domestic pigs (17-23 kg). after instrumentation, desflurane was administered ran ...	1997	9024014
successful transplantation of lungs topically cooled in the non-heart-beating donor for 6 hours.	the aim of this study was to transplant lungs that had been topically cooled in the non-heart-beating donor for 6 hours, using the most challenging evaluation method possible, namely single-lung transplantation followed by immediate contralateral pneumonectomy.	1997	9033298
occlusive mesenteric ischemia and its effects on jejunal intramucosal ph, mesenteric oxygen consumption and oxygen tensions from surfaces of the jejunum in anesthetized pigs.	to investigate the effects of superior mesenteric artery (sma) flow reduction on the jejunal intramucosal ph (phi) and to compare these effects with corresponding changes of mesenteric oxygen transport variables and oxygen tensions on the surfaces of the jejunal serosa and mucosa.	1997	9037646
biomembrane permeation of nicotine: mechanistic studies with porcine mucosae and skin.	in the present study, the permeation and partitioning of nicotine as a function of ph was investigated with various regions of skin and absorptive mucosae that were freshly excised from domestic pigs. as an ionizable compound (pka values of 3.04 and 7.84), nicotine in solutions of different ph values provides a model for determining the influence of the charge status of a molecule on permeation. the permeation of nicotine across porcine mucosae and skin followed zero-order kinetics. the rate of ...	1997	9040106
the effects of progressive anemia on jejunal mucosal and serosal tissue oxygenation in pigs.	anemia may promote intestinal hypoxia. we studied the effects of progressive isovolemic hemodilution on jejunal mucosal (po2muc), and serosal tissue oxygen tension (po2ser, clark-type surface electrodes), mucosal microvascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation (hbo2muc), and hematocrit (hctmuc; tissue reflectance spectophotometry) in a jejunal segment. twelve domestic pigs were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. laparatomy was performed, arterial supply of a jejunal segment isolate ...	1997	9052297
presence of a critical coronary artery stenosis does not abolish the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning.	episodic, severe coronary artery flow restriction preconditions the myocardium much like brief occlusions. the necessity for full reperfusion after a preconditioning intervention to elicit the preconditioning response is unclear. this study investigated in closed-chest swine the effect of a persistent critical coronary stenosis with moderate flow reduction on ischemic preconditioning.	1997	9054861
phased chest and abdominal compression-decompression. a new option for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.	we describe a new manual method of phased chest and abdominal compression-decompression with a lifestick resuscitator for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr).	1997	9054868
infection of human cells by an endogenous retrovirus of pigs.	the possible use of pig organs and tissues as xenografts in humans is actively being considered in biomedical research. we therefore examined whether pig endogenous retrovirus (perv) genomes can be infectiously transmitted to human cells in culture. two pig kidney cell lines spontaneously produce c-type retrovirus particles. cell-free retrovirus produced by the pk-15 kidney cell line (perv-pk) infected pig, mink and human kidney 293 cell lines and co-cultivation of x-irradiated pk-15 cells with ...	1997	9055854
evidence of potential gene flow in trichinella spiralis and in trichinella britovi in nature.	during a study on the epidemiology of trichinellosis in spain, 91 animals and 9 samples of sausages homemade with pork were found positive for trichinella. parasite identification at the species level was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction with a random primer on single muscle larvae. seventy-one animals harbored trichinella spiralis (17 domestic pigs, 53 wild boars, 1 fox), and 17 were infected with trichinella britovi (1 domestic pig, 13 wild boars, 3 foxes). sausages were infected w ...	1997	9057718
cystoplasty in pigs: a suitable model for the functional and morphological examination of urinary diversion.	although in the last years surgery for urinary diversion became routine in clinical practise, various problems have to be solved. therefore, a safe, universal animal model is necessary. an ileal pouch anastomosed to the subtotally resected urinary bladder was formed in 6 domestic pigs. ureters remained untouched and the reservoir was not drained by any tubes. animals were followed up for 3 months, every 3-4 weeks blood was drawn for electrolytes, renal and hepatic function and blood gas analysis ...	1997	9058518
lipid peroxidation induced in vivo by hyperhomocysteinaemia in pigs.	much attention has been focused recently on the relationship between homocysteinaemia and the development of premature atherosclerosis. hyperhomocysteinaemia constitutes as strong a risk factor for the development of the disease as either hypercholesterolaemia or smoking. although the mechanism involved is unclear homocysteine exhibits prooxidative activity in vitro. this finding suggests that it may be involved in the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (ldl). in the current study ...	1997	9069519
application of immunoapheresis for delaying hyperacute rejection during isolated xenogeneic pig liver perfusion.	extracorporeal liver perfusion in hepatic coma, used to eliminate toxic metabolites causing hepatic encephalopathy, is limited by the antibody (ab) and complement-mediated hyperacute rejection of discordant xenografts. thus, the efficacy of highly selective immunoadsorption columns to deplete xenoreactive human anti-porcine antibodies before ex vivo liver perfusion was examined in this study.	1997	9089228
sustained local delivery of dexamethasone by a novel intravascular eluting stent to prevent restenosis in the porcine coronary injury model.	this study sought to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of sustained intracoronary delivery of dexamethasone by a novel polymer-coated eluting stent.	1997	9091528
laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in the porcine model.	minimally invasive techniques offer theoretical advantages for treating resectable periampullary neoplasms. laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (lpd) was first reported in 1992 and has been performed clinically despite lack of animal data to support the operation. the purpose of this study was to develop lpd in an acute porcine model and to assess safety and efficacy before considering clinical trials.	1997	9094270
animal model for investigation of spinal cord injury caused by aortic cross-clamping.	the objective of this experimental protocol was to design a large animal model that could simulate the ischemic condition caused by aortic cross-clamping during the operation for intrathoracic and thoraco-abdominal aneurysm. domestic swine weighing 25 to 30 kg were used for this model. the thoracic cavity was opened through the fourth intercostal space. cross-clamp was applied below the left subclavian artery. duration of cross-clamp was 30 min and the reperfusion period was 24 h. methods of ass ...	1997	9100175
experimental study of thrombogenicity and foreign body reaction induced by heparin-coated coronary stents.	results of recent randomized clinical trials have revealed a significant reduction in angiographic restenosis rate when adjunctive stenting was performed after conventional coronary balloon angioplasty. the thrombogenicity of metal stents, however, remains a concern. in the present study, we compare the thrombogenicity of heparin-coated coronary stents with that of bare metallic coronary stents.	1997	9118524
foodborne outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis.	two outbreaks of acute toxoplasmosis involving 8 adult patients in korea were linked to eating uncooked pork. in the first outbreak, 3 patients developed unilateral chorioretinitis within 3 months of eating a meal consisting of raw spleen and liver of a wild pig. in the second outbreak, 5 of 11 soldiers who ate a meal consisting of raw liver of a domestic pig developed lymphadenopathy. all 8 patients had high levels of igg toxoplasma gondii antibodies (> or = 1:1024) in the sabin-feldman dye tes ...	1997	9129105
immobilization and physiological parameters associated with chemical restraint of wild pigs with telazol and xylazine hydrochloride.	we used a combination of telazol (3.3 mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (1.6 mg/kg to immobilize 144 wild pigs (sus scrofa) with blow darts. this drug combination was safe and effective for rapidly immobilizing animals ranging in size from 34 to > 170 kg and avoided difficulties associated with hand injections. for 123 single injection immobilizations, mean (+/- sd) induction times and effective handling periods averaged 5 (+/- 2.5) and 52 (+/- 18) min, respectively, and animals generally recove ...	1997	9131548
[cerebrovascular fiberoptic catheter oximetry in an intracranial pressure model in swine. new aspects of a clinical routine].	the reliability of continuous fibreoptic oximetry in cerebral venous blood and its correlation with intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures (pressure-volume curve) were examined in an experimental porcine study.	1997	9133171
specific properties of the extracellular chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the mandibular condylar growth centre in pigs.	the developing condylar cartilage of the temporomandibular joint responds to changes in load by adaptive growth. because local regulatory events taking place during growth processes are not well understood, investigation of extracellular matrix composition could provide new information about which matrix molecules are involved in the regulation of growth processes in this avascular tissue. the large chondroitin sulphate-rich proteoglycans in the mandibular condyle were compared to the proteoglyc ...	1997	9134117
experimental tips with spiral z-stents in swine with and without induced portal hypertension.	to assess the suitability of spiral z-stents for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (tips) and the influence of portal hypertension on shunt patency in young swine.	1997	9134843
nitric oxide inhibition causes an exaggerated pressor response in yucatan miniature swine.	the involvement to nitric oxide (no) in cardiovascular and renal function was evaluated in 12 anesthetized yucatan miniature swine. the effect of no blockade on blood pressure was measured in six additional conscious swine. in the anesthetized swine, mean arterial pressure (map), heart rate, glomerular filtration rate (gfr), and urinary excretion of water, sodium, and potassium were measured after systemic inhibition of no synthesis by ng-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name), and were compared ...	1997	9150495
arthropod succession on exposed carrion in three contrasting tropical habitats on hawaii island, hawaii.	decomposition studies were conducted using domestic pig carcasses to determine arthropod succession patterns on exposed carrion for the island of hawaii. the carcasses were placed in upland forest and woodland (1,877 m), rainforest (1,169 m) and midelevation woodlands (646 m) habitats. marked differences in species composition, rates of biomass removal, and succession patterns were observed between these 3 sites. these results also differed from patterns observed during previous decomposition st ...	1997	9151499
thromboxane a2 receptor density increases during chronic exposure to thromboxane a2 receptor antagonists after porcine carotid bypass.	domestic swine (n=12 in each group) were randomized to daily treatment with the thromboxane a2 (txa2) receptor antagonist bms-180291 (group i), aspirin (group ii), or no drug (group iii) prior to prosthetic carotid graft implantation. platelet and arterial wall receptor density were measured by equilibrium binding using 125i-bop. at 6 weeks, means (s.e.m.) platelet receptor density (pmol/mg) had increased in groups i (3.3(0.6) versus 1.8(0.3); p<0.05) and ii (2.6(0.6) versus 1.7(0.2); p<0.05), b ...	1997	9158129
the role of nursing frequency in milk production in domestic pigs.	we conducted three experiments to assess how nursing frequency affects milk output in early pig lactation. in exp. 1, nursing behavior of 12 individually penned sows was recorded on d 1 through 3 postpartum. the milk output was measured using the weigh-suckle-weigh method. the spontaneous changes in the nursing frequency between d 1 and 2 were positively correlated with the changes in milk output (rs = .64), and the same was true for changes between d 2 and 3 (rs = .77). in exp. 2, we forced sow ...	1997	9159268
gasless videoendoscopic implantation of aortobifemoral vascular prostheses via a transperitoneal approach--an animal experiment.	standard approach for aortobifemoral vascular approach prostheses is the transperitoneal approach, following median laparotomy and bilateral inguinal incision. the goal of this animal experiment was the development of a new minimal-invasive surgical technique utilizing a less-traumatic approach for aortobifemoral bypass.	1997	9174386
motoneuronal location of the external urethral and anal sphincters: a single and double labeling study in the male and female golden hamster.	the location of external urethral (eus) and anal sphincter (eas) motoneurons was investigated in the golden hamster using the retrograde tracers horseradish peroxidase and cholera toxin b-subunit. single and double labeling studies revealed that the motoneurons of the eus and eas were present in the same nucleus (nucleus of onuf) ventrolaterally in the ventral horn of the caudal first sacral segment and throughout the second sacral segment. within onuf's nucleus the eas motoneurons were located ...	1997	9175599
open-chest cardiac massage without major thoracotomy: metabolic indicators of coronary and cerebral perfusion.	to compare the coronary and cerebral perfusion achieved using a novel method of minimally-invasive, direct cardiac massage to that obtained using bimanual, open-chest cardiac massage.	1997	9178386