Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of india. | india has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. these resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. the present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern india, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. indiscriminate ex ... | 2003 | 12691495 |
| induction of peroxide and superoxide protective enzymes and physiological cross-protection against peroxide killing by a superoxide generator in vibrio harveyi. | vibrio harveyi is a causative agent of destructive luminous vibriosis in farmed black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon). v. harveyi peroxide and superoxide stress responses toward elevated levels of a superoxide generated by menadione were investigated. exposure of v. harveyi to sub-lethal concentrations of menadione induced high expression of genes in both the oxyr regulon (e.g., a monofunctional catalase or kata and an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit c or ahpc), and the soxrs regulon (e.g., ... | 2003 | 12694915 |
| cannabinoid receptor activation differentially modulates ion channels in photoreceptors of the tiger salamander. | cannabinoid cb1 receptors have been detected in retinas of numerous species, with prominent labeling in photoreceptor terminals of the chick and monkey. cb1 labeling is well-conserved across species, suggesting that cb1 receptors might also be present in photoreceptors of the tiger salamander. synaptic transmission in vertebrate photoreceptors is mediated by l-type calcium currents-currents that are modulated by cb1 receptors in bipolar cells of the tiger salamander. presence of cb1 receptors in ... | 2003 | 12740409 |
| aflatoxin contamination in shrimp feed and effects of aflatoxin addition to feed on shrimp production. | one hundred fifty samples of shrimp feed were collected from the eastern and southern regions of thailand, and aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, and g2 (afb1, afb2, afg1, and afg2) in them were analyzed. afb1 contamination ranged from a nondetectable level (< 0.003 ppb) to 0.651 ppb. metabolites of afb1 were less abundant than afb1. to study the effects of aflatoxin in feed on shrimp production, black tiger shrimp were divided into four groups of 30 shrimp per group, tested in triplicate, and fed diets con ... | 2003 | 12747701 |
| a novel xenopus sws2, p434 visual pigment: structure, cellular location, and spectral analyses. | the purpose of this study was to clone and characterize the green rod pigment in xenopus laevis. | 2003 | 12764253 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of herbicide resistance in creeping bentgrass and colonial bentgrass. | embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of creeping bentgrass (agrostis palustris huds.) cv. regent and colonial bentgrass (agrostis tenuis sibth. fl. oxen.) cv. tiger. the embryogenic calli were precultured on fresh medium for 4-7 days and then co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens, lba4404, which contains plasmid vector-psbgm harboring bar coding region, synthetic green fluorescent protein (sgfp) coding region and matrix attachment region (mar). after 3 days of co-cultivation, the ... | 2003 | 12765291 |
| conservation of biodiversity of the coastal resources of sundarbans, northeast india: an integrated approach through environmental education. | the indian sundarbans, a diversified coastal wetland on the southern fringe of the state of west bengal, harbors a luxuriant biodiversity and acts as a potential refuge of living marine resources. girdled with thick mangrove foliage, this estuarine delta system offers an excellent nursery ground for most of the brackishwater finfish and shellfish. since supply of hatchery-produced tiger prawn seed (penaeus monodon) is highly inadequate in west bengal, the aquaculture farms of this region largely ... | 2003 | 12787629 |
| use of animal products in traditional chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards. | traditional chinese medicine (tcm) has been increasingly practised in many countries of the world. some recent textbooks of tcm still recommend formulas containing various animal tissues such as tiger bones, antelope, buffalo or rhino horns, deer antlers, testicles and os penis of the dog, bear or snake bile. usually, animal tissues are combined with medical herbs. in most of the cases, the medical use of the preparations is justified in terms of the rules of tcm. so far, little research has bee ... | 2003 | 12801499 |
| adult hallervorden-spatz syndrome simulating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | hallervorden-spatz syndrome (hss) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, dystonia, ataxia, and rigidity. an atypical form of adult-onset hss was observed in a 36-year-old man presenting with progressive dysarthria. markedly dysarthric speech and a weak atrophic tongue associated with a neurogenic pattern of motor unit recruitment in bulbar-supplied muscles on electromyography led to an initial impression of bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). lack of expec ... | 2003 | 12811783 |
| rickettsia honei: a spotted fever group rickettsia on three continents. | rickettsia honei (also known as strain tt-118) has been detected on three continents. originally isolated in thailand in 1962 (and confirmed in 2001), it has also been detected on flinders island (australia) in 1993 and in texas (usa) in 1998. on each continent it has been associated with a different species of tick. the original isolate (thai tick typhus strain tt-118) was from a pool of larval ixodes and rhipicephalus ticks. later it was detected in i. granulatus from rattus rattus. its pathog ... | 2003 | 12860601 |
| identification of haemobartonella felis (mycoplasma haemofelis) in captive nondomestic cats. | this study was undertaken to determine whether haemobartonella felis (mycoplasma haemofelis), the causative bacterial agent of feline infectious anemia, infects nondomestic cats. routine complete blood count and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were performed to detect the gene for 16s ribosomal rna for the organism. sixty-four blood samples were collected from 54 nondomestic cats, including tigers (panthera tigris), cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), lions (p. leo), mountain lions (felis concolor), sn ... | 2003 | 12885130 |
| time-course and levels of apoptosis in various tissues of black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon infected with white-spot syndrome virus. | this study focused on apoptosis in various tissues of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon following white spot syndrome virus (wssv) injection. the study included: (1) light microscopy (lm) and transmission electron microscopy (tem) of various tissues; (2) fluorescent lm of nuclear dna by staining with 4, 6-diamidine-2-phenyl indole dihydrochloride (dapi) and tdt-mediated dutp nick-end labelling (tunel) techniques; and (3) determination of caspase-3 activity. juvenile p. monodon were injected ... | 2003 | 12887248 |
| enhanced growth and resistance to vibrio challenge in pond-reared black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon fed a bacillus probiotic. | the bacterial probiont bacillus s11 (bs11) was used as a supplement in feed (pf) for black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in 2 earthen pond field-trials carried out for 100 d during 2 different seasons in thailand. growth and survival were compared with those of shrimp receiving an unsupplemented feed (uf). in the hot and cool seasons, respectively, shrimp fed pf grew significantly larger and had significantly higher survival than shrimp fed uf (p < 0.05). projected yields on an annual basis (two ... | 2003 | 12911065 |
| [unknown hepatoid glands of some species of cats and deer]. | our histological description of the fourth type of mammalian skin glands--hepatiod glands--allowed us to revise the obtained and published data mistaking the alveolar glands of the anal sacs in cats and the limb glands in deers as sebaceous. large clusters of hepatiod glands were discovered in the anal sacs of the cat, lynx, and tiger, interdigital gland of elk, and the tarsal gland of reindeer. these glands secrete considerable amounts of protein to the clearance of the intercellular canaliculi ... | 2003 | 12942753 |
| susceptibility of cultured juveniles of several marine fish to the sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus. | piscine nodaviruses (betanodaviruses) have been tentatively divided into four genotypes (sjnnv, rgnnv, tpnnv and bfnnv) and it is suggested that host specificity is different among these genotypes. in the present study, a betanodavirus [sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (sgnnv)] belonging to the redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) genotype, to which most betanodaviruses from warm water fish are identified, was evaluated for its pathogenicity to hatchery-reared juveniles of s ... | 2003 | 12962219 |
| mucus ph of the tiger puffer takifugu rubripes is an important factor for host identification by the monogenean heterobothrium okamotoi. | we examined a host-finding factor of the monogenean heterobothrium okamotoi oncomiracidia to develop an alternative prophylaxis. h. okamotoi oncomiracidia attached preferentially to gill filaments and skin mucus from the tiger puffer takifugu rubripes compared with corresponding material from other tested fishes (amber jack seriola dumerili, red sea bream pagrus major, japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus and spotted halibut verasper variegatus). the body mucus ph of the tiger puffer was 6.4 ... | 2003 | 12964825 |
| quantification of listeria spp. contamination on shell and flesh of cooked black tiger prawns (penaeus monodon). | to quantify listeria levels on the shell and flesh of artificially contaminated cooked prawns after peeling, and determine the efficacy of listeria innocua as a model for l. monocytogenes in this system. | 2003 | 12969494 |
| access to information about harm and safety in spider fearful and nonfearful individuals: when they were good they were very very good but when they were bad they were horrid. | this study tests two alternative hypotheses about how phobic information is processed in spider fearful and nonfearful individuals: (1) the threat-related cognitive set hypothesis and (2) the dimensions hypothesis. counter to the traditional cognitive model of fear, the dimensions hypothesis predicts that spider fearful individuals tend to prioritise the harm-safety dimension when evaluating animal stimuli, and the consequent stretching of that evaluative dimension will confer advantage to the a ... | 2003 | 14972673 |
| recovery of fish stocks in the seto inland sea. | the total amount of fisheries' yield in the seto inland sea in 1999 was 571,000 mt, consisting of 256,000 mt by fishing and 315,000 mt from aquaculture. about 40,000 people engaged in the fishing and aquaculture industries, earned 129 billion yen (1100 million us$) by fishing and 89 billion yen (770 million $us) by aquaculture. the averaged annual catch for the seto inland sea by fishing was 13 mt/km(2). division into time periods in terms of eutrophication levels can be made: before 1960 when r ... | 2003 | 12787608 |
| morphology and escape performance of tiger salamander larvae (ambystoma tigrinum mavortium). | the ability of an individual to escape predators is an important component of fitness. several adaptive explanations of body shape variation in amphibians hypothesize relationships between swimming performance and morphology, but these ideas have rarely been tested. here we investigate bivariate and multivariate relationships between natural variation in morphology and performance. we used high-speed video to examine fast-starts associated with escape responses in small tiger salamander larvae ( ... | 2003 | 12945751 |
| properties of exocytotic response in vertebrate photoreceptors. | synaptic transmission at the photoreceptor synapse is characterized by continuous release of glutamate in darkness. release is regulated by the intracellular calcium concentration ([ca2+]i). we here examined the physiological properties of exocytosis in tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum) retinal rods and cones. patch-clamp capacitance measurements were used to monitor exocytosis elicited by a rapid and uniform increase in [ca2+]i by photolysis of the caged ca2+ compound np-egta. the amplitude ... | 2003 | 12660355 |
| has aedes albopictus established in california? | significant numbers of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, were detected on the west coast of the usa in mid-june 2001, in containerized oceanic shipments of "lucky bamboo" (dracaena spp.) originating from south china. wholesale nurseries in california importing large quantities of lucky bamboo became the focal points of infestation. greater los angeles county vector control district immediately implemented an adulticiding protocol at the los angeles/long beach harbors, followed by larvi ... | 2003 | 14710729 |
| auditory encoding during the last moment of a moth's life. | the simple auditory system of noctuoid moths has long been a model for anti-predator studies in neuroethology, although these ears have rarely been experimentally stimulated by the sounds they would encounter from naturally attacking bats. we exposed the ears of five noctuoid moth species to the pre-recorded echolocation calls of an attacking bat (eptesicus fuscus) to observe the acoustic encoding of the receptors at this critical time in their defensive behaviour. the b cell is a non-tympanal r ... | 2003 | 12477898 |
| the hyperpriming phenomenon in normal aging: a consequence of cognitive slowing? | increased semantic priming effects (hyperpriming) are sometimes observed in alzheimer's disease (ad) and in normal aging. whereas the processes underlying this phenomenon are now well understood in ad, the interpretation is much more woolly in normal aging. to explore semantic priming, the authors used a lexical decision task in which the influence of attention and cognitive slowing was controlled. to explore the semantic organization, the words had coordinate (tiger-lion) or attribute relations ... | 2003 | 14599272 |
| event-related potential and reaction time evidence for inhibition between alternative meanings of ambiguous words. | we investigated the effects of two primes that converged onto the same semantic target representation (e.g., lion-stripes-tiger) or diverged onto different semantic target representations (e.g., kidney-piano-organ). balota and paul (1996) showed that the rt effects of two related primes in naming and lexical decision are additive, both for unambiguous and ambiguous words. only in a relatedness judgment task ambiguous words showed underadditivity, whereas unambiguous words again showed additivity ... | 2003 | 12921763 |
| possible audience effect in thomas langurs (primates; presbytis thomasi): an experimental study on male loud calls in response to a tiger model. | recent research indicates that animal vocalizations can refer to objects in the outside world, and that call production may be controlled by the sender depending on the type of audience involved. our research on wild male thomas langurs (primates: presbytis thomasi) shows that these males call as a response to a tiger model when they are in a group, but do not call when they are solitary. this is the first experimental study on wild primates to demonstrate that the presence or absence of an audi ... | 2003 | 12910466 |
| the dynamic time course of semantic memory impairment in alzheimer's disease: clues from hyperpriming and hypopriming effects. | the nature of semantic memory deficit in alzheimer's disease is still a matter of controversy. to clarify this issue, we examined the evolution of semantic memory impairment in 24 alzheimer's disease patients by means of a longitudinal study. we used two semantic tasks, one explicit and the other implicit, to evaluate the integrity of the same concepts. the explicit task was a semantic knowledge task composed of naming and questions, involving superordinate and attribute knowledge of concepts. t ... | 2002 | 12183350 |
| language-general and language-specific influences on children's acquisition of argument structure: a comparison of french and english. | this research investigates language-general and language-specific properties of the acquisition of argument structure. ten french preschoolers enacted forty sentences containing motion verbs; sixteen sentences were ungrammatical in that the syntactic frame was incompatible with the standard argument structure for the verb (e.g. *le tigre va le lion = *the tiger goes the lion). previous work (naigles, fowler & helm, 1992, 1995; naigles, gleitman & gleitman, 1993) indicated that english-speaking t ... | 2002 | 12109363 |
| three-step priming in lexical decision. | in two experiments, we investigated mediated two-step priming (e.g., from lion to stripes via tiger) and three-step priming (e.g., from mane to stripes via lion and tiger). experiment 1 showed robust two-step priming in the double lexical decision task. in experiment 2, we tested for three-step priming and investigated the possibility that it is not association strength based on free association, but frequency of co-occurrence, that causes three-step priming. co-occurrence has been proposed as a ... | 2002 | 12035883 |
| parallel or serial activation of word forms in speech production? neurolinguistic evidence from an aphasic patient. | we report the oral picture naming performance of the german aphasic mw who presented with frequent meaning related word substitutions (e.g. tiger ==> lion) and word finding blockings (omissions) while his phonological capacities at the single word level were nearly preserved. targets were controlled for their 'semantic competitiveness', that is, whether there exist closely meaning related lexical competitors or not. semantic errors were far more numerous with the highly competitive targets than ... | 2002 | 12023069 |
| the effect of fiber-type heterogeneity on optimized work and power output of hindlimb muscles of the salamander ambystoma tigrinum. | most vertebrate muscles are composed of a mixture of fiber types. however, studies of muscle mechanics have concentrated on homogeneous bundles of fibers. hindlimb muscles of the tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum, present an excellent system to explore the consequences of fiber heterogeneity. isometric twitches and work loops were obtained in vitro from two muscles, the m. iliotibialis pars posterior (heterogeneous, containing types i, iia and iib fibers) and the m. iliofibularis (nearly homo ... | 2002 | 12355237 |
| acceleration of ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis by corticotropin-releasing hormone. | previous work of others and ours has shown that corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) is a positive stimulus for thyroid and interrenal hormone secretion in amphibian larvae and that activation of crh neurons may mediate environmental effects on the timing of metamorphosis. these studies have investigated crh actions in anurans (frogs and toads), whereas there is currently no information regarding the actions of crh on metamorphosis of urodeles (salamanders and newts). we tested the hypothesis t ... | 2002 | 12115924 |
| the naris muscles in tiger salamander. ii. innervation as revealed by enzyme histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. | the naris muscles control the aperature of the external naris in tiger salamanders, ambystoma tigrinum, and may contribute to glandular secretion. autonomic neurons of the palatine ganglion and possibly neurons associated with the nervus terminalis innervate these muscles. to elucidate the neural control of the naris muscles, neurotransmitters in nerve fibers supplying the naris muscles and in neurons of the palatine ganglion were examined using acetylcholinesterase enzyme histochemistry and imm ... | 2002 | 12107487 |
| cardiac effects of hypoxia in the neotenous tiger salamander ambystoma tigrinum. | the aquatic form of the tiger salamander ambystoma tigrinum lives in high-altitude ponds and is exposed to a hypoxic environment that may be either chronic or intermittent. in many animal species, exposure to hypoxia stimulates cardiac output and is followed by an increase in cardiac mass. the working hypothesis of the present study was that the hearts of these aquatic salamanders exposed to 10-14 days of 5 % oxygen in a laboratory setting would become larger and would differentially express pro ... | 2002 | 12042331 |
| association of gm4 ganglioside with the membrane surrounding lipid droplets in shark liver. | by tlc, gm4 was found to be the major ganglioside in the liver of six shark species examined: odontaspis taurus, negaprion brevirostris, sphyrna lewini, mustelus griseus, mustelus manazo, and prionace glauca. a detailed analysis of the glycosphingolipids (gsls) in the liver of o. taurus (sand tiger shark) showed that it contained approximately 110 nmol of lipid-bound sialic acid per gram of wet tissue, of which 80% was gm4. by extracting the liver of o. taurus with chloroform/methanol, followed ... | 2002 | 12091485 |
| immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide in the brain of the tiger frog, rana tigrina. | using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), we found more extensive brain distribution of ghrh-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the tiger frog, rana tigrina, than reported in previous studies, which employed mammalian ghrh antibodies. in the telencephalon, ghrh-ir perikarya were present in the pallium dorsale, pallium laterale (pars dorsalis and pars ventralis), pallium mediale, nucleus entopeduncularis, amygdala pars medialis, and in the ventral portion of ... | 2002 | 12030776 |
| patterns in abundance and diversity of faecally dispersed parasites of tiger in tadoba national park, central india. | importance of parasites in ecological and evolutionary interactions is being increasingly recognized. however, ecological data on parasites of important host species is still scanty. we analyze the patterns seen in the faecal parasites of tigers in the tadoba national park, india, and speculate on the factors and processes shaping the parasite community and the possible implications for tiger ecology. | 2002 | 12000685 |
| acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats. | acute renal failure was diagnosed in 6 cats that had ingested easter lily or tiger lily plants. all 6 were treated medically; 2 underwent hemodialysis. three cats survived the acute episode, and although they had chronic renal failure, they survived for more than 1.5 years. two cats died despite aggressive medical management, including hemodialysis. one cat was euthanatized shortly after the diagnosis was made. three of the cats were oliguric or anuric at the time of initial examination, and all ... | 2002 | 12680447 |
| [neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, type-i (nbia-i) (formerly hallervorden-spatz, disease). par i: clinical manifestation and treatment]. | this is a rare syndrome, most likely of several genetically determined neurodegenerative disorders with similar pathogenesis. two forms of the disease are distinguished: familial occurring in about 50% of cases and sporadic with about 15% of cases in which parental consanguinity is found. clinically, nbia-1 is characterised by a slow progression of extrapyramidal symptoms and progressive dementia, mostly in children. relentlessly progressive course is obvious, but the progress may be very slow, ... | 2002 | 12523119 |
| complete mitochondrial dna sequence of a tadpole shrimp (triops cancriformis) and analysis of museum samples. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtnda) of the tadpole shrimp triops cancriformis was sequenced. the sequence consisted of 15,101 bp with an a+t content of 69%. its gene arrangement was identical with those sequences of the water flea (daphnia pulex) and giant tiger prawn (penaeus monodon), whereas it differed from that of the brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) in the arrangement of its genes for trnas. phylogenetic analysis revealed t. cancriformis to be more closely related to the water flea th ... | 2002 | 12481263 |
| problems and solutions with the design and execution of an epidemiological study of white spot disease in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) in vietnam. | white spot disease (wsd) is caused by white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and is an acutely fatal pandemic disease of crustaceans. it has resulted in massive losses to the shrimp-farming industry in asia and has now spread to the americas. this paper reports the problems and solutions associated with the design and execution of a longitudinal epidemiological study of shrimp (penaeus monodon) health on farms practising a crop rotation of rice and shrimp in the mekong delta of vietnam. the pre-sampli ... | 2002 | 11821141 |
| impacts of diclidophorid monogenean infections on fisheries in japan. | many monogeneans are pathogenic to economically important fish in japan. however no other monogenean is comparable with the diclidophorids, heterobothrium okamotoi and neoheterobothrium hirame, on the scale of impacts they inflict on japanese fisheries. the shared importance of the two monogenean infections lies in their pathogenicity, fecundity and tolerance to chemical treatment. heterobothrium okamotoi infects the gills and wall of the branchial cavity of the tiger puffer, takifugu rubripes ( ... | 2002 | 11835977 |
| identification of immune-related genes in hemocytes of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). | an expressed sequence tag (est) library was constructed from hemocytes of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) to identify genes associated with immunity in this economically important species. the number of complementary dna clones in the constructed library was approximately 4 x 10(5). of these, 615 clones having inserts larger than 500 bp were unidirectionally sequenced and analyzed by homology searches against data in genbank. significant homology to known genes was found in 314 (51%) of ... | 2002 | 14961242 |
| identification of two distinct molt-inhibiting hormone-related peptides from the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | six peptides belonging to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) family were isolated from extracts of the sinus glands of the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. these were designated pem-sgp-a to pem-sga-f (pem, penaeus monodon; sgp, sinus gland peptide) and their amino-terminal amino acid sequences were analyzed. five of the 6 peptides (pem-sgp-a, -b, -d, -e, and -f) exhibited similar amino acid sequences to those of chh peptides that ... | 2002 | 14961272 |
| sequence analysis of the complete genome of an iridovirus isolated from the tiger frog. | we have isolated a tiger frog virus (tfv) from diseased tiger frogs, rana tigrina rugulosa. the genome was a linear double-stranded dna of 105,057 basepairs in length with a base composition of 55.01% g+c. about 105 open reading frames were identified with coding capacities for polypeptides ranging from 40 to 1294 amino acids. computer-assisted analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that 39 of 105 putative gene products showed significant homology to functionally characterized pro ... | 2002 | 11878922 |
| joint action of elevated ambient nitrite and nitrate on hemolymph nitrogenous compounds and nitrogen excretion of tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | penaeus monodon (12.13+/-1.14 g) exposed individually to six different nitrite and nitrate regimes (0.002, 0.36 and 1.46 mm nitrite combined with 0.005 and 7.32 mm nitrate), at a salinity of 25 ppt, were examined for hemolymph nitrogenous compounds and whole shrimp's nitrogen excretions after 24 h. nitrogen excretion increased directly with ambient nitrite and nitrate. hemolymph nitrite, nitrate, urea and uric acid levels increased, while hemolymph ammonia, oxyhemocyanin and protein were inverse ... | 2002 | 11912055 |
| host age effect and expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in field populations of wolbachia-superinfected aedes albopictus. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse), is a known vector of dengue in south america and southeast asia. it is naturally superinfected with two strains of wolbachia endosymbiont that are able to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). in this paper, we report the strength of ci expression in crosses involving field-caught males. ci expression was found to be very strong in all crosses between field males and laboratory-reared uninfected or walba infected young females. in addition, ... | 2002 | 11920134 |
| the role of the haematopoietic tissue in haemocyte production and maturation in the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). | the haematopoietic tissue (hpt) of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) is located in different areas in the cephalothorax, mainly at the dorsal side of the stomach and in the onset of the maxillipeds and, to a lesser extent, towards the antennal gland. in young and in experimentally stimulated animals, the hpt is expanded in relatively larger and more numerous lobules throughout the cephalothorax. four cell types could be identified in the hpt by electron microscopy. the type 1 cells are th ... | 2002 | 11931020 |
| seven novel fmrfamide-like neuropeptide sequences from the eyestalk of the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity (fli) was localized in the eyestalk of penaeus monodon by immunohistochemistry using a combination of three anti-fmrfamide-like peptide (flps) monoclonal antibodies. approximately 3000 small neuronal cell bodies in the lamina ganglionalis; 100 medium to large size at the ganglion between the medulla interna and the medulla terminalis; and 250 medium size around the medulla terminalis were stained intensely. the neuronal processes in neuropils of the medulla extern ... | 2002 | 11959015 |
| evidence for apoptosis correlated with mortality in the giant black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon infected with yellow head virus. | histological, cytochemical and ultrastructural changes in giant black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon were investigated at various time intervals after injection with yellow head virus (yhv). hemocytes, lymphoid organs (lo) and gills were the main focus of the study. after injection with yhv, onset of mortality varied from 36 h onward. by normal hematoxylin and eosin staining, the 3 tissues showed clear and increasing prevalence of nuclear condensation, pyknosis and karyorrhexis from approximately ... | 2002 | 12005239 |
| clearing mechanisms of vibrio vulnificus biotype i in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | vibrio species' infections are a common sequelae to environmental stress or other disease processes in shrimp, but the mechanism by which the shrimp eliminate the bacteria is poorly understood. in this study, the penetration, fate and the clearing of v. vulnificus were investigated in penaeus monodon. a bacterial disease isolate from a shrimp farm was identified as v. vulnificus biotype i. polyclonal antiserum was raised in rabbits against the bacterium and the specificity was verified by elisa ... | 2002 | 12005240 |
| single-strand conformation polymorphism-based analysis reveals genetic variation within spirometra erinacei (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) from australia. | this study examined genetic variability within spirometra erinacei (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) from different host species and geographical origins in australia using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based mutation detection approach, followed by dna sequencing. part of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (p cox 1) was amplified by pcr, scanned for sequence variation by single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp), and representative samples from different host species were selected for dn ... | 2002 | 12030766 |
| wound infection with neisseria weaveri and a novel subspecies of pasteurella multocida in a child who sustained a tiger bite. | a 7-year-old girl developed a wound infection as a result of a tiger bite she sustained. dna sequence analysis revealed that the causative organisms were neisseria weaveri and what is, to our knowledge, a previously undescribed subspecies of pasteurella multocida, for which we propose the designation "pasteurella multocida subspecies tigris subspecies nov." | 2002 | 12032914 |
| an extremely sensitive species-specific arms pcr test for the presence of tiger bone dna. | the survival of the tiger (panthera tigris) is seriously threatened by poaching to provide raw materials for traditional chinese medicines (tcms). most highly prized are the tiger's bones, which are used in combination with other animal and plant derivatives in pills and plasters for the treatment of rheumatism and other ailments. hundreds of patent remedies have been produced which claim to contain tiger bone, but proof of its presence is needed if legislation prohibiting the trade in endangere ... | 2002 | 12084490 |
| meniscal ossicles in large non-domestic cats. | radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. the animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of ... | 2002 | 12088319 |
| detection of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) of shrimp by means of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to an envelope protein (28 kda). | the vp28 gene encoding an envelope protein (28 kda) of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) was amplified from wssv-infected tiger shrimp that originated from malaysia. recombinant vp28 protein (r-28) was expressed in escherichia coli and used as an antigen for preparation of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). three murine mabs (6f6, 6h4 and 9c10) that were screened by r-28 antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were also able to recognize viral vp28 protein as well as r-28 on western bl ... | 2002 | 12093036 |
| a syntenin-like protein with postsynaptic density protein (pdz) domains produced by black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in response to white spot syndrome virus infection. | we report the isolation and characterization of products from a subtractive cdna library from the haemolymph of penaeus monodon experimentally infected with white spot syndrome virus (wssv). one cdna derived from up-regulated mrna was identified. a homology search indicated similarity to the putative protein syntenin (te8). the nearly complete nucleotide sequence of te8 was obtained by rapid amplification of cdna (race). its putative protein product contained a tandem repeat of pdz domains (post ... | 2002 | 12093037 |
| allatostatins of the tiger prawn, penaeus monodon (crustacea: penaeidea). | more than 40 peptides belonging to the -y/fxfgl-nh(2) allatostatin superfamily have been isolated and identified from the central nervous system (cns) of the tiger prawn, penaeus monodon (crustacea: penaeidea). the peptides can be arranged in seven sub-groups according to the variable post-tyrosyl residue represented by ala, gly, ser, thr, asn, asp, and glu. two of the residues (thr and glu) have not been observed in this position previously in either insects or crustaceans. also reported for th ... | 2002 | 12126730 |
| computer simulations to determine the efficacy of different genome resource banking strategies for maintaining genetic diversity. | genome resource banks (grbs) and assisted reproductive techniques are increasingly recognized as useful tools for the management and conservation of biodiversity, including endangered species. cryotechnology permits long-term storage of valuable genetic material. although, the actual application to endangered species management requires technical knowledge about sperm freezing and thawing, a systematic understanding of the quantitative impacts of various germ plasm storage and use scenarios is a ... | 2002 | 12151267 |
| vertical transmission of gill-associated virus (gav) in the black tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | chronic gill-associated virus (gav) infection is endemic in penaeus monodon broodstock captured from north-east queensland in australia and in farmed shrimp produced from these. we investigated the role of vertical transmission in perpetuating the high prevalence of these chronic gav infections. reverse transcription (rt)-nested pcr detected gav in spermatophores and mature ovarian tissue from broodstock and in fertilized eggs and nauplii spawned from wild-fertilized females. in laboratory-reare ... | 2002 | 12180710 |
| a tiger tale. | 2002 | 12202788 | |
| ultrastructure of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development in vitro in the siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica). | the application of assisted reproduction techniques to wild cats has been stalled by a lack of basic knowledge of the reproductive biology in these species. in this study, the ultrastructure of siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica) cumulus-oocyte-complexes (cocs), as well as in vitro produced (ivp) zygotes and embryos were investigated, to estimate the normality of the manipulated reproduction processes. adult female tigers were subjected to a purified porcine pfsh/plh stimulation treatment f ... | 2002 | 12211064 |
| a beta-1,3-glucan binding protein from the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. | a beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (gbp) has been isolated from a shrimp hemocyte cdna library. its open reading frame consists of 1314 nucleotides with a polyadenylated sequence and a poly a tail. it encodes a polypeptide of 370 amino acids including a 17 amino acid-signal peptide. the mature protein has an estimated molecular mass of 39.5 kda and a predicted pi of 5.5. sequence comparison shows a high degree of similarity to invertebrate recognition proteins with glucanase-like domains for exam ... | 2002 | 11755673 |
| secretion of pem-cmg, a peptide in the chh/mih/gih family of penaeus monodon, in pichia pastoris is directed by secretion signal of the alpha-mating factor from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the chh/mih/gih peptide family of black tiger prawn (paneaus monodon) is important in shrimp reproduction and growth enhancement. in this study, the cdna that encodes the complete peptide that is related to the chh/mih/gih family (so-called, pem-cmg) in the eyestalk of p. monodon was successfully expressed in a methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris under the control of an alcohol oxidase promoter. in order to obtain the secreted pem-cmg, a secretion signal of either the saccharomyces cerevisiae a ... | 2002 | 12359089 |
| preliminary study on haemocyte response to white spot syndrome virus infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | white spot syndrome virus (wssv) has been a major cause of shrimp mortality in aquaculture in the past decade. in contrast to extensive studies on the morphology and genome structure of the virus, little work has been done on the defence reaction of the host after wssv infection. therefore, we examined the haemocyte response to experimental wssv infection in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. haemolymph sampling and histology showed a significant decline in free, circulating haemocytes afte ... | 2002 | 12363087 |
| hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (panthera leo), jaguar (panthera onca), tiger (panthera tigris), cheetah (acinonyxjubatus) and domestic cat (felis silvestris f. catus). | structures of the hyoid apparatus, the pharynx and their topographical positions in the lion, tiger, jaguar, cheetah and domestic cat were described in order to determine morphological differences between species or subfamilies of the felidae. in the lion, tiger and jaguar (species of the subfamily pantherinae) the epihyoideum is an elastic ligament lying between the lateral pharyngeal muscles and the musculus (m.) thyroglossus rather than a bony element like in the cheetah or the domestic cat. ... | 2002 | 12363272 |
| pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (hallervorden-spatz syndrome). | the arguments over the nomenclature of the syndrome are reviewed. ethical considerations favour replacing the present eponyms with the title of panthothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (pkan), now that more is known about the cause of the condition. the symptoms and signs of the syndrome are described, and these can present from infancy to adult life. dystonia, involuntary movements and spasticity are prominent causes of disability. if the onset is delayed the presentation can be unusua ... | 2002 | 12374576 |
| expression of hemocyanin and digestive enzyme messenger rnas in the hepatopancreas of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | in order to define the cellular site of synthesis for hemocyanin and digestive enzymes in the decapod hepatopancreas, we studied the expression of messenger ribonucleic acids (rnas) for these molecules in the epithelium lining hepatopancreas tubules. in situ hybridisation of gene probes for the digestive enzymes amylase, cathepsin-l, cellulase, chitinase-1 and trypsin to tissue sections of the shrimp hepatopancreas confirmed that the f-cells lining tertiary, secondary and primary ducts are the s ... | 2002 | 12381378 |
| purification, properties, and partial amino acid sequences of alanine racemase from the muscle of the black tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | alanine racemase [ec 5.1.1.1], which catalyzes the interconversion between d- and l-alanine, was purified to homogeneity from the muscle of black tiger prawn penaeus monodon. the isolated enzyme had a molecular mass of 44 kda on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 90 kda on gel filtration, indicating a dimeric nature of the enzyme. the enzyme was highly specific to d- and l-alanine and did not catalyze the racemization of other amino acids. k(m) values toward both d- a ... | 2002 | 12431412 |
| four novel pyfs: members of npy/pp peptide superfamily from the eyestalk of the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | an immunocytochemical method was used for localization of pancreatic polypeptide (pp) immunoreactive substances in the eyestalk of penaeus monodon using anti-c-terminal hexapeptide of pp (anti-pp6) antiserum. approximately 200 neuronal cell bodies were recognized in the ganglia between the medulla interna (mi) and medulla terminalis (mt) and surrounding mt in conjunction with the neuronal processes in medulla externa (me), mi, mt and sinus gland. about half of the pp immunoreactive neurons were ... | 2002 | 12431727 |
| differential expression of cmg peptide and crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (chhs) in the eyestalk of the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | mouse antiserum against c-terminal amide of pem-cmg (a peptide in the family of chh/mih/gih) penta-deca peptide (rprqrnqyraalqrlamide=cmg-15) was generated and used for localization of the peptide in tissue and extract of the eyestalk of penaeus monodon by means of immunohistochemistry and dot-elisa in comparison with anti-t+ antiserum (t+=yanavqtvamide : the putative c-terminal amide of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) of macrobrachium rosenbergii). the anti-cmg-15 antiserum did not show ... | 2002 | 12431732 |
| mitochondrial dna variation in indo-pacific populations of the giant tiger prawn, penaeus monodon. | surveys of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation in the giant tiger prawn, penaeus monodon, using restriction fragment length polymorphisms have provided the first clear evidence that the indo-west pacific region is a site of accumulation of genetic diversity rather than a site of origin of genetic diversity. no haplotyes were found in common between a group of five southeast african populations and a group of five australian (including western australia) and three southeast asian populations. the ... | 2002 | 12453239 |
| [trichothiodystrophy and congenital heart disease in two sisters]. | trichothiodystrophy refers to a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive genodermatosis of unknown etiology. patients with trichothiodystrophy have alopecia with typical hair dysplasia ("tiger-tail"), and abnormally low sulfur content. numerous unrelated neuroectodermal defects have been observed in trichothiodystrophy. we report here trichothiodystrophy and congenital heart disease in two sisters. | 2002 | 12442133 |
| cyp6b cytochrome p450 monooxygenases from papilio canadensis and papilio glaucus: potential contributions of sequence divergence to host plant associations. | two groups of furanocoumarin-inducible cytochrome p450 genes, the cyp6b4 group and the cyp6b17 group, characterized in two closely related tiger swallowtails, papilio glaucus and papilio canadensis, are induced to different extents, with generally higher levels of cyp6b transcripts in p. glaucus. to investigate the evolutionary history of these cyp6b genes in the context of their association with furanocoumarin detoxification, we isolated thirteen cyp6b genes from these species. each of these ge ... | 2002 | 12421412 |
| tigers and teapots: what does it mean to be alive? | the symposium entitled 'conceptual knowledge: developmental, biological, functional and computational accounts' was held at the british academy, london, uk on 24-26 june 2002. it was funded by the british academy with support from the novartis foundation, and organized by lorraine tyler (university of cambridge, uk) and tim shallice (university college london, uk). | 2002 | 12413568 |
| tiger snake envenomation and disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic). | 2002 | 12408355 | |
| accelerating monte carlo simulations of radiation therapy dose distributions using wavelet threshold de-noising. | the monte carlo dose calculation method works by simulating individual energetic photons or electrons as they traverse a digital representation of the patient anatomy. however, monte carlo results fluctuate until a large number of particles are simulated. we propose wavelet threshold de-noising as a postprocessing step to accelerate convergence of monte carlo dose calculations. a sampled rough function (such as monte carlo noise) gives wavelet transform coefficients which are more nearly equal i ... | 2002 | 12408311 |
| calcium-dependent inactivation and depletion of synaptic cleft calcium ions combine to regulate rod calcium currents under physiological conditions. | l-type ca2+ currents (i(ca)) in rod photoreceptors exhibit ca2+-dependent inactivation. perforated-patch whole-cell recordings were obtained from isolated rods of the tiger salamander using 1.8 mm ca2+ in the bathing medium to determine the extent of ca2+-dependent inactivation of i(ca) with physiological [ca2+] and endogenous buffering. i(ca) was measured with voltage ramps applied before and after 5-s steps to -40, -30, -20, or -10 mv. long depolarizing steps in isolated rods produced inactiva ... | 2002 | 12473074 |
| a test of metabolically efficient coding in the retina. | we tested the hypothesis that aspects of the neural code of retinal ganglion cells are optimized to transmit visual information at minimal metabolic cost. under a broad ensemble of light patterns, ganglion cell spike trains consisted of sparse, precise bursts of spikes. these bursts were viewed as independent neural symbols. the noise in each burst was measured via repeated presentation of the visual stimulus, and the energy cost was estimated from the total charge flow during ganglion cell spik ... | 2002 | 12463343 |
| coagulopathy from tiger snake envenoming and its treatment. | 2002 | 12556002 | |
| adenosine a(2a) receptor-mediated inhibition of rod opsin mrna expression in tiger salamander. | the neuromodulator adenosine mediates dark-adaptive changes in retinal photoreceptors through a(2a) receptors. in cold-blooded vertebrates, opsin mrna expression is lower at night than during the day. in the present study, we tested whether adenosine could inhibit opsin mrna expression in cultured rod cells and if endogenous adenosine acts to suppress opsin mrna in the intact retina at night. semi-quantitative in situ hybridization showed that treatment with 100 nm of the a(2a)/a(2b) agonist n(6 ... | 2002 | 12390528 |
| allergy to tiger nut. | 2002 | 12359015 | |
| monte carlo investigation of the dosimetric properties of the new 103pd brachyseedpd-103 model pd-1 source. | recently, 103pd brachytherapy sources have been increasingly used for interstitial implants as an alternative to 125i sources. the brachyseedpd-103 model pd-1 seed is one of the latest in a series of new brachytherapy sources that have become available commercially. the dosimetric properties of the seed were investigated by monte carlo simulation, which was performed using the integrated tiger series cyltran code. following the aapm task group 43 formalism, the dose rate constant, radial dose fu ... | 2002 | 12349919 |
| the origin of multiple sex chromosomes in tiger beetles. | 2002 | 12270905 | |
| recent diversification rates in north american tiger beetles estimated from a dated mtdna phylogenetic tree. | species-level phylogenies derived from dna sequence data provide a tool for estimating diversification rates and how these rates change over time, but to date there have been few empirical studies, particularly on insect groups. we use a densely sampled phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial dna to investigate diversification rates in the north american tiger beetles (genus cicindela). using node ages estimated from sequence data and calibrated by biogeographical evidence, we estimate an avera ... | 2002 | 12270897 |
| new technologies. taming the tiger! | 2002 | 12043554 | |
| what kind of signals do mimetic tiger moths send? a phylogenetic test of wasp mimicry systems (lepidoptera: arctiidae: euchromiini). | mimicry has been examined in field and laboratory studies of butterflies and its evolutionary dynamics have been explored in computer simulations. phylogenetic studies examining the evolution of mimicry, however, are rare. here, the phylogeny of wasp-mimicking tiger moths, the sphecosoma group, was used to test evolutionary predictions of computer simulations of conventional müllerian mimicry and quasi-batesian mimicry dynamics. we examined whether mimetic traits evolved individually, or as suit ... | 2002 | 12028753 |
| on the scents of smell in the salamander. | our sense of smell is based on a remarkable chemical-detection system that possesses high sensitivity, broad discriminability and plastic, yet stable, function. understanding how olfactory stimuli translate into perception is a problem of daunting complexity. how do odour-coding events in single cells correlate with emergent properties from the ensemble, and with behaviour? for comprehensive descriptions of neural function, analysis must extend from examination of how elemental principles relate ... | 2002 | 12015614 |
| prothrombin activation in eastern tiger snake bite. | to perform ex vivo studies in eastern tiger snake envenomation which define the haemostatic events associated with prothrombin activation. | 2002 | 12009099 |
| investigation of coagulopathy in three cases of tiger snake (notechis ater occidentalis) envenomation. | to investigate the severe coagulopathy (fibrinogen < 1.0 g/l) that occurs in some cases of tiger snake envenomation. specifically, to determine the concentration of clotting factors on presentation and during resolution of the coagulopathy. | 2002 | 12009098 |
| [the law against female circumcision a paper tiger?]. | 2002 | 11871185 | |
| dosimetric properties of the new 125i brachyseed model ls-1 source. | the brachyseed model ls-1 is one of the latest in a series of new brachytherapy 125i seeds that have recently become available commercially for interstitial implants. the dosimetric properties of the seed were investigated analytically, experimentally, and by monte carlo simulation. following the aapm task group 43 formalism, the radial dose function, dose rate constant, and anisotropy parameters were determined. experimental measurements were made in solid water-equivalent phantoms using gafchr ... | 2002 | 11865990 |
| non-linear, high-gain and sustained-to-transient signal transmission from rods to amacrine cells in dark-adapted retina of ambystoma. | in darkness, on-off amacrine cells (acs) of the tiger salamander retina exhibited large spontaneous transient depolarizing potentials (stdps) with average peak amplitude of 5.05 +/- 2.5 mv and average frequency of 0.42 +/- 0.25 s(-1). under voltage-clamp conditions the cell displayed large spontaneous postsynaptic currents (spscs) with average peak amplitude of 98 +/- 39 pa and average frequency of 0.45 +/- 0.22 s(-1). to a light step, acs gave rise to a transient 'on' response at the light onse ... | 2002 | 11850516 |
| the naris muscles in tiger salamander. i. potential functions and innervation as revealed by biocytin tracing. | the naris constrictor muscle, along with naris dilator and naris accessory muscles, controls the opening and closing of the external naris in tiger salamanders. it has been hypothesized that contraction of the naris constrictor muscle also causes the external nasal gland to secrete its contents inside the lateral wall of the external naris opening. this location is just rostral to vomeronasal organ and thus secretion in this region may be important for access of odorous compounds to vomeronasal ... | 2002 | 12107486 |
| adenosine inhibits calcium channel currents via a1 receptors on salamander retinal ganglion cells in a mini-slice preparation. | the effects of adenosine on high-voltage-activated calcium channel currents in tiger salamander retinal ganglion cells were investigated in a mini-slice preparation. adenosine produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the amplitude of calcium channel current with a maximum inhibition of 26%. the effects of adenosine on calcium channel current were both time- and voltage-dependent. in cells dialyzed with gtp-gamma-s, adenosine caused a sustained and irreversible inhibition of calcium channel ... | 2002 | 12065663 |
| combination therapy for footpad lesions in a captive bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris). | a captive adult male bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) was treated for chronic footpad ulcers associated with pacing on concrete cage surfaces. combination therapy of oral fluoxetine and acepromazine administration to diminate pacing behavior, daily application of moisturizing ointment, and oral vitamin e supplementation resulted in complete resolution of all footpad lesions. subsequent clinical episodes completely resolved with similar treatments. | 2002 | 12564540 |
| nasopharyngeal myxosarcoma in a bengal tiger (panthera tigris). | an 18- to 25-yr-old intact female bengal tiger (panthera tigris) was diagnosed antemortem and postmortem with nasopharyngeal myxosarcoma metastatic to the lung, chronic lymphoplasmacytic otitis media, and lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic stomatitis. myxosarcomas are rare in domestic animals and seldom metastasize; this tumor has not been previously reported in an exotic felid. computed tomography of the skull was used during the diagnoses. | 2002 | 12564536 |
| talking to a tiger: fathers reveal their difficulties in communicating about sexuality with adolescents. | 2002 | 14964944 | |
| aging in a tiger welfare regime: the single elderly in hong kong. | this paper explores the coping strategies of the low income single elderly in hong kong, which are divided into several broad types: government-orientated (public services); market-orientated; community-orientated; and individually-orientated (practically speaking self restraint and denial). it highlights this group's reliance on the government, which not only provides housing, medical care and other services, but is also a major source of income support, although support levels are seriously in ... | 2001 | 14617983 |
| persistent right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery in a white bengal tiger (panthera tigris). | a 3-mo-old male white bengal tiger (panthera tigris) presented with the chief complaint of regurgitation of solid food since weaning at 2 mo of age. compared with its littermates, the tiger was in poor body condition and weighed only 10.3 kg when its littermates were estimated at 20-25 kg. thoracic radiographs showed a megaesophagus cranial to the heart base. a contrast esophagram more clearly outlined the megaesophagus, and fluoroscopy demonstrated normal motility of the caudal esophagus. endos ... | 2001 | 12790433 |