Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
clinical experience with atovaquone on a treatment investigational new drug protocol for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.the clinical experience of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) + patients treated with oral atovaquone for acute pneumocytstis carinii pneumonia (pcp) under a treatment investigational new drug (ind) protocol (mild or moderate pcp) and an open-label study protocol (severe pcp) was evaluated. a total of 940 patients intolerant of or unresponsive to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole were enrolled from private practices, clinics, and institutional hiv treatment centers in the united states. demographics ...19957788426
trimetrexate. a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.trimetrexate is a folinic acid analogue structurally related to methotrexate, whose primary mechanism of action is believed to be inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. this reduces the production of dna and rna precursors and leads to cell death. trimetrexate is lipophilic and can passively diffuse across cell membranes including those of pneumocystis carinii and its mammalian host. to minimise toxicity, trimetrexate must be coadministered with calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium), a reduced f ...19957789290
active immunity to pneumocystis carinii reinfection in t-cell-depleted mice.immunocompetent c.b-17 mice were immunized against pneumocystis carinii by several intratracheal inoculations with infective p. carinii. these mice and another group of c.b-17 mice naive to p. carinii were then depleted of cd4+ cells by treatment with both anti-cd4 and anti-thy1 monoclonal antibodies. both groups of mice were then challenged with an infective inoculum containing 10(7) p. carinii organisms by intratracheal instillation. the mean log10 counts of p. carinii nuclei in the lungs of t ...19957790048
collagenases and the serine proteinases elastase and cathepsin g in steroid-induced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is characterized by the formation of leaky alveoli and a foamy alveolar exudate. to induce pcp, male wistar rats were immunosuppressed by oral dexamethasone treatment for 12 weeks, during which time all rats developed pcp. bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) was analyzed at that time and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the cessation of dexamethasone treatment, during which time the rats were recovering from pcp and immunosuppression (and was compared with the balf ...19957790446
surfactant adjunctive therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in an infant with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 19957790617
evidence of pneumocystis carinii in cell line cultures infected with peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from aids patients with p. carinii pneumonia.the detection of pneumocystis carinii was investigated in an in-vitro system consisting of a human lung epithelial cell line (a-549) inoculated with infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pmbc) from hiv-infected patients with proven or suspected p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), and from hiv-negative patients with other lung infections. supernates from cultures were sampled daily and evaluated for the presence of p. carinii by giemsa and immunofluorescence staining. p. carinii was isolated from ...19957791202
successful treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice with benanomicin a (me1451).benanomicin a (bnm-a) has antimycotic activities via binding to mannan in the cell walls of fungi. anti-pneumocystis carinii activity of the agent was examined in the p. carinii-infected balb/c nu/nu female mouse model because p. carinii also possesses mannan in the membranes. the infected mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of six doses of bnm-a (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg of body weight), 4 mg of pentamidine isethionate per kg, 100 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kg combined wit ...19957793879
cytomegalovirus infections of the nervous system in patients with aids.retinitis due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is a widely recognized complication of advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). less appreciated are other neurological manifestations of cmv infection in persons with aids. dr. j. allen mccutchan has comprehensively reviewed the various clinical presentations of cmv neurological disease as well as the methods of diagnosis, the neuropharmacology of available antiviral agents, the results of therapy, and the potential fo ...19957795068
rapid oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz): use in prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids who were previously intolerant to tmp-smz.trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) is the drug of choice as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. however, adverse reactions ascribed to tmp-smz are common in such patients. we previously described a rapid method of oral tmp-smz desensitization in patients with aids and varying degrees of intolerance to the drug. to assess the feasibility, safety, and long-term clinical utility of our desensitization protocol, we retrospectively studied 22 consecutive patient ...19957795084
[atypical presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19957795126
empirically treated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in los angeles, chicago, and miami: 1987-1990.many patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with symptoms suggestive of pneumonia are treated empirically for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), although other bacterial infections (e.g., tuberculosis) and pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma may cause identical symptoms. empiric treatment for pcp may result in misdiagnosis and mistreatment. when the outcomes of cytologically confirmed versus empirically treated pcp cases were evaluated, the most important predictors of in-hospit ...19957797940
improving long-term prognosis for survivors of mechanical ventilation in patients with aids with pcp and acute respiratory failure. five-year follow-up of intensive care unit discharges.before 1987, the hospital survival of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure receiving mechanical ventilation was less than 15%. hospital survival has improved since then, but concerns have been raised that the post-hospital discharge survival of these patients remains extremely poor. this study evaluated the long-term survival of patients discharged alive after an acute episode of acute respiratory failure caused by p cari ...19957802525
cost and outcome of intensive care for patients with aids, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and severe respiratory failure.to determine the costs and outcomes associated with intensive care unit (icu) admission for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and severe respiratory failure.19957807663
dapsone/pyrimethamine may prevent mycobacterial disease in immunosuppressed patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.dapsone exhibits activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vitro. we retrospectively examined the incidence of mycobacterial diseases within a randomized prospective trial of prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis. of 501 participants who had not previously had a mycobacterial disease, 274 received dapsone/pyrimethamine (200/75 mg once weekly) and 227 received aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg once every 4 weeks). the median cd4 ...19957742423
the practice of infectious diseases in the 1990s: the canadian experience.a survey of the members of the canadian infectious disease society was carried out to determine the content of an infectious diseases consultative practice in the 1990s. respondents were asked to identify all new inpatient, outpatient, and telephone consultations during a 1-week period in 1990. consultations were categorized by the infectious disease syndrome of the patient and by the microorganism that was identified. bacterial infections were the most common cause of inpatient consultations, w ...19957742432
subcutaneous nocardia asteroides abscess in a bone marrow transplant recipient.we describe a case of cutaneous nocardia asteroides infection in a 13-year-old venezuelan boy with aplastic anemia, following allogeneic bmt. he was receiving immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids for gvhd and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). he was not neutropenic and gave no history of cutaneous inoculation or trauma. he developed an abscess on the plantar surface of his right big toe from which nocardia asteroides w ...19957742746
inhibitory effects of pentamidine on n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor/channels in the rat brain.effects of pentamidine, a therapeutic drug for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), on specific bindings of [3h](+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5h- dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,11-imine maleate (mk-801) and [3h]nitrendipine were investigated in crude synaptic membranes (csm) of rat brain. pentamidine inhibited [3h]mk-801 binding but did not change [3h]nitrendipine binding, although neither binding was inhibited by 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine or 2',3'-did ...19957742790
incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections in hiv seropositive patients and the use of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.to determine the incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections in hiv seropositive patients and to assess whether this varies with stage of disease, risk group or the use of co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.19957744401
increased pneumocystis carinii recovery from upper lobes in pneumocystis pneumonia. 19957812565
evaluation of a prognostic score. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients.(1) to evaluate a clinical score predicting the early death from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients and to compare it with lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) levels and karnofsky's performance score. (2) to compare the association of this score and partial oxygen pressure (pao2) at baseline (at ambiant air) with change in therapy.19957813259
high-resolution computed tomography scan in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19957813300
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting with pneumomediastinum in an hiv-positive patient.a 19-year-old man presented with community-acquired pneumonia, complicated by pneumomediastinum. subsequently he was found to be hiv-positive, and to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.19957724443
health status and function with zidovudine or zalcitabine as initial therapy for aids. a randomized controlled trial. roche 3300/actg 114 study group.to evaluate the functional and health status implications of prescribing zalcitabine or zidovudine for initial therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).19957815656
rapid method for detection of aspergillus 5s ribosomal rna using a genus-specific oligonucleotide probe.ribosomal rna (rrna) is present in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. although sequences are conserved, variations in nucleic acid composition are known to be species specific. formalin or bouin's fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 17 cases of culture proven aspergillus sp infections were studied by a rapid (< 30 minutes) in situ hybridization procedure using a biotinylated oligonucleotide dna probe complementary to nucleic acids 1-22 of aspergillus sp 5s rrna sequence. positivity ...19957817944
aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. 19957825610
atovaquone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19957825771
atovaquone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19957825772
outcome of intensive care in patients with hiv infection.to examine icu admission rates and diagnoses of patients with hiv infection and to determine the outcomes of different critical illnesses.19957842785
congenital cytomegalovirus infection as a result of nonprimary cytomegalovirus disease in a mother with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.a pregnant woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had nonprimary cytomegalovirus (cmv) viremia and died of complications from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cmv sinusitis and pneumonitis. a boy was delivered by cesarean section at 34 weeks of gestation as the mother's health deteriorated and fetal distress developed. the infant died soon after delivery of interstitial pneumonitis and hyaline membrane disease with invasive cmv disease that affected the kidneys, adrenal glands, and plac ...19957844681
lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.this retrospective study determined the clinical course of lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. a total of 23 patients with hiv infection archived as lung cancer were studied: 16 were identified from about 1,000 lung cancer patients entered in the tumor registry and medical records of jackson memorial hospital, 7 were identified from about 1,000 hiv-positive patients entered in the special immunology registry of veterans administration medical center, 4 pati ...19957847261
the tolerance for zidovudine plus thrice weekly or daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with and without leucovorin for primary prophylaxis in advanced hiv disease. california collaborative treatment group.trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) is the preferred agent for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv infection, but frequent adverse events limit its usefulness. intermittent dosing and supplementation with leucovorin have been tried in attempts to improve tolerance. we evaluated these strategies in persons with advanced hiv disease.19957847434
the role of atovaquone tablets in treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.at the start of the aids epidemic, the only agents licensed for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and pentamidine. both are effective against pcp, but their use has been compromised by adverse reactions that necessitate discontinuing therapy in < or = 54% of patients. as a result of the limitations in the use of these therapies, research efforts have been directed toward the development of effective agents with an improved safety profi ...19957859136
outpatient supportive therapy after induction to remission therapy in adult acute myelogenous leukaemia (aml) is feasible: a multicentre study.twenty-four adult patients with aml were treated with standard "7 + 3" chemotherapy. after administering the myeloablative drugs in the hospital, patients were instructed to continue their supportive treatment on an outpatient basis; they received ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxasole and itraconazole vo until the absolute granulocyte count rose above 1 x 10(9)/l. platelet concentrates were given every other day until the platelet count rose above 20 x 10(9)/l. complete remission (cr) was obtained in 87% ...19957859871
prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united states. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis evaluation working group.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains a common and often fatal opportunistic infection among children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). hiv-infected infants between three and six months of age are particularly vulnerable. current guidelines recommend prophylaxis in children from birth to 11 months old who have cd4+ counts below 1500 cells per cubic millimeter.19957862183
maternal-fetal transmission of pneumocystis carinii in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 19957862196
a historical review of pneumocystis carinii. 19957853636
a randomized trial of three antipneumocystis agents in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. niaid aids clinical trials group.we evaluated the effectiveness of three treatment strategies for the prevention of a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).19957854375
a randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. niaid aids clinical trials group.cryptococcal meningitis and other serious fungal infections are common complications in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). fluconazole is effective for long-term suppression of many fungal infections, but its effectiveness as primary prophylaxis had not been adequately evaluated.19957854376
pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a binds macrophage mannose receptors.pneumocystis carinii causes life-threatening pneumonia in patients with impaired immunity. recent studies suggest that alveolar macrophages interact with p. carinii through macrophage mannose receptors. however, the ligand(s) on p. carinii that is recognized by these receptors has not been fully defined. p. carinii contains a major mannose-rich surface antigen complex termed glycoprotein a (gpa). it was therefore hypothesized that gpa binds directly to macrophage mannose receptors and mediates o ...19957868247
differences exist in the immunoblotting profiles of cyst and trophozoite antigens of pneumocystis carinii.the antigenic profiles of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites and cysts were compared by immunoblotting with hyperimmune rat sera against cyst and trophozoite antigens. strong bands corresponding to proteins of 50-60 kda and 104 kda were demonstrated in cyst and trophozoite antigens by all antisera. additional prominent proteins of 81 and 63 kda and less prominent proteins of 88, 73, 69 and 37 kda were found only in trophozoite antigen. the latter proteins were recognised by anti-trophozoite and a ...19957869347
prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at higher cd4+ t-cell counts. 19957869553
[induced sputum. indication for examination in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?].induced sputum is a simple, rapid, and non-invasive technique for detection of pneumocystis carinii in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in this study 31 patients were examined both with induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage. p. carinii was found in 24 patients. in 68% of the samples obtained by the induced sputum method the microorganism was found after giemsa or methenamine silver staining. in 32% the diagnosis was established in the lavage fluid only. induced sputum is indicat ...19957871505
associating poor outcome with the presence of cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage from hiv patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19957874921
the relationship between cytomegalovirus retrieved by bronchoalveolar lavage and mortality in patients with hiv.to evaluate mortality over 6 months of patients with hiv with cytomegalovirus (cmv) cultured from bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) compared with those without cmv and to assess the significance of cmv cytologic study, cd4+ counts, and coexistent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.19957874946
[pulmonary mucormycosis in an hiv-infected patient].a 51-year-old man, known to have chronic-aggressive hepatitis b, hiv infection and exertional dyspnoea, was hospitalized because of acute physical deterioration, cough with whitish exudate and dyspnoea at rest. despite a cd4/cd8 ratio of 0.16 no prophylactic measures against pneumocystis carinii had been taken. on examination the lungs were unremarkable, but the liver was enlarged and there were petechiae over all parts of the body. laboratory tests showed impaired liver functions and a rise in ...19957835242
2,4-diamino-5-substituted-quinazolines as inhibitors of a human dihydrofolate reductase with a site-directed mutation at position 22 and of the dihydrofolate reductases from pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii.2,4-diaminoquinazoline antifolates with a lipophilic side chain at the 5-position, and in one case with a classical (p-aminobenzoyl)-l-glutamate side chain, were synthesized as potentially selective inhibitors of a site-directed mutant of human dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) containing phenylalanine instead of leucine at position 22. this mutant enzyme is approximately 100-fold more resistant than native enzyme to the classical antifolate methotrexate (mtx), yet shows minimal cross resistance to ...19957877140
[anticardiolipin antibodies in parenteral drug addicts: relationship with hiv].the igg isotype of anticardiolipin antibodies (acl) and its possible relationship with the immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were studied in 65 parenteral drug addicts (pda). thirty-seven patients were infected in the present study. nineteen (51%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria of aids. thirty-two of these 37 hiv-positive patients (86%) were igg-acl positive. fourteen (50%) of the 28 hiv-negative patients were igg-acl positive. our study reveals a lack of correlation between acl and thrombocytopenia. ...19957878276
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with wegener's granulomatosis.the risk factors and clinical and laboratory parameters in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with wegener's granulomatosis have not been well characterized. we undertook a retrospective chart review of all patients with a diagnosis of wegener's granulomatosis and p. carinii pneumonia who were followed at the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases of the national institutes of health. the chart review focused on clinical, laboratory, and roentgenologic evidence of p. carin ...19957881673
a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.a multicenter placebo-controlled trial of early short-term high-dose methylprednisolone enrolled 78 patients with moderate to severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) complicating hiv infection. the mean pressure of oxygen (po2) at study entry was 55 mm hg for the 71 patients who had blood gases monitored while breathing room air. patients were randomized to receive methylprednisolone (40 mg) or placebo parenterally twice daily for 10 days, and the first dose of study medication was given wit ...19957882099
the learning curve for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: experience from 3,981 cases in veterans affairs hospitals 1987-1991.previous studies have found lower mortality rates for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hospitals with higher levels of experience with pcp. it is not known if patients are selectively referred to better hospitals or if there is a learning curve whereby outcomes improve as physicians gain experience in treating pcp. we assessed cases of pcp at 140 veterans administration (va) medical centers in the united states. during 1987-1991, 3,981 patients were hospitalized with first-ep ...19957882102
causes of death in renal transplant recipients: a study of 102 autopsies from 1968 to 1991.a study was conducted on 102 patients submitted to renal transplant who died and were autopsied at the university hospital, faculty of medicine of ribeirão preto, brazil, from 1968 to 1991. the cause of death, based on a review of medical records and autopsy reports, was assigned to one of the following categories: infectious (69.6%); cardiovascular (12.7%); gastrointestinal (7.8%); graft rejection (6.9%); tumoral (2.0%); and undetermined (1.0%). among the 71 cases of death caused by infection, ...19957884765
the use of a nested polymerase chain reaction for detecting pneumocystis carinii from lung and blood in rat and human infection.a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect both rat- and human-derived pneumocystis carinii dna. the nested pcr product was 125 bp long and was representative of part of the gene coding for the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal rna. twenty serial blood samples and 24 tissues from six immunosuppressed sprague-dawley rats were examined by nested pcr. all lung samples were positive by pcr and toluidine blue o staining. buffy coat samples and all the other tissues ...19957884803
phospholipid composition of pneumocystis carinii carinii and effects of methylprednisolone immunosuppression on rat lung lipids.the phospholipid class composition of pneumocystis carinii carinii freshly isolated from infected lungs generally resembled that of the host lung, suggesting that the parasite scavenges lung alveolar lipids. however, subtle quantitative differences were demonstrated, indicating that the pathogen has the metabolic capacity to de novo synthesize, or at least tailor, its lipids. the concentration of phosphatidylcholine, the major lung surfactant lipid, in the organism was lower than that in lungs o ...19957890386
aids in india.the first case of aids in india was reported in 1986. it is now estimated, however, that more than 1.5 million people in the country are infected with hiv, with current projections indicating that india will have more cases of aids than any other country in the world by the year 2000. the hiv epidemic in india is similar in many ways to the epidemics in sub-saharan africa and thailand. heterosexual intercourse is the main mode of viral transmission, with prostitution and an high prevalence of ...19957891543
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-negative immunocompromised adults.to identify patient populations at risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and assess the potential role of chemoprophylaxis.19957891601
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis remains unchallenged. 19957893433
the role of initial aids-defining illness in survival following aids.to examine the role of initial aids-defining illness in survival following aids and survival trends over time.19957893442
a population-based comparison of the clinical course of children and adults with aids.to examine the association of clinical complications and age at diagnosis with survival for a cohort of children and adults with aids.19957893443
bronchogenic carcinoma in hiv-positive patients: findings on chest radiographs and ct scans.the radiographic manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma in hiv-positive individuals may resemble or accompany changes of inflammatory disease. to provide information that is useful in the differential diagnosis, we studied the findings on plain radiographs and chest ct scans in 30 hiv-positive patients with proven bronchogenic carcinoma and correlated the radiographic features with the presence or absence of thoracic opportunistic infection.19957998569
multi-city study of quality of care for hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: successfully collecting highly sensitive information.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been the major cause of death and the most common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), with in-hospital mortality rates as high as 60% in some hospitals. to investigate whether there were large variations in quality of care for hospitalized patients with pcp, researchers at rand corporation, in 1989, designed and initiated a multi-city study of patterns of care. mounting a successful primary data collection e ...199510151164
cost-effectiveness models of clinical trials of new pharmaceuticals for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: are they helpful to policy makers?pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been the most common and most costly complication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). because of concern over the high costs of care for persons with aids, policy makers have instituted a number of new measures to encourage cost-effectiveness. although the clinical efficacy of new pharmaceutical agents is evaluated extensively before approval, comparative trials of a new agent with its major competitor are sometimes not carried out, and estimate ...199510151167
clinical and economic aspects of prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 199510155305
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in two patients with hodgkin's disease.the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised patients is on the increase. we describe two patients with hodgkin's disease who were proved to have p. carinii pneumonia by toluidene blue "o" (tbo) staining of their induced sputa. to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports from our country regarding p. carinii infection in patients with malignancy.19959136461
spectrum of clinical and laboratory characteristics of hiv infection in northern india.to define the impact of hiv infection in india, the clinical and laboratory profile and the correlation of cd4 count to the likely opportunistic infection in a cohort of 134 hiv positive patients in northern india was analysed. majority of the patients, 72% and 67.8% (children and adults respectively) were asymptomatic, having been detected during routine screening and maintained that status for a median follow-up period of 3 years. among the symptomatic patients, oropharyngeal candidiasis was t ...19959163706
pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients.pulmonary infections continue to be a significant problem in patients immunosuppressed by cancer or by drugs given for malignancy, or rheumatologic or dermatologic problems. for the neutropenic patient, single-drug rather than combination antibiotic therapy is being increasingly used. the role of growth factors is also being defined. the availability of the new azoles and of alternative forms of amphotericin b have increased treatment options, particularly for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. p ...19959363054
respiratory infections in patients with hiv.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has long been considered the predominant pulmonary disease in patients with hiv, but several factors are changing this perception. the population infected with hiv is increasingly composed of injection drug users, and racial and ethnic minorities, which represent groups that have a high incidence of bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis. the increased longevity attributed to antiretroviral therapy and p. carinii pneumonia prophylaxis is accompanied by more profound ...19959363056
the etiology and treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.in the past year, studies on spontaneous pneumothorax have focused on etiology and treatment. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains the most common cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. however, pneumocystis carinii infections in patients who have aids have become the leading cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in a population where its prevalence is high. one of the treatment modalities of spontaneous pneumothorax is tube thoracostomy with the instillation of tetracycline as the sc ...19959363073
iron chelation therapy.iron chelation therapy is essential to prevent death from cardiac toxicity in patients with thalassemia major or other severe refractory anemias who need regular blood transfusions. iron chelating drugs also have potential for clinical use as antiproliferative agents in neoplastic diseases and to reduce free radical-induced tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis, anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, and reperfusion injury. experimental data and clinical trials also suggest they may have therapeu ...19959371986
new antifolates in clinical development.numerous new antifolate drugs have been developed in an attempt to overcome the potential mechanisms of tumor cell resistance to methotrexate, which can include decreased drug transport into cells; decreased polyglutamation, leading to increased drug efflux from cells; decreased drug affinity for folate-dependent enzymes; mutations of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), a key enzyme required for the maintenance of adequate intracellular reduced folate levels that is inhibited by methotrexate; and in ...19958924375
hiv infection in malaysia: a report of cases seen at the university hospital, kuala lumpur.the spread of hiv infection into malaysia is estimated to have occurred in the early 1980's. the first case of aids was reported here in 1986. as of march 31, 1994, the numbers have increased to 8049 hiv positive individuals detected in the country. the risk behaviours among those tested positive were intravenous drug use in 77.2%, sexual transmission in 4.5%, while the remainder are still under investigation. pediatric aids constitutes 0.2% of positives. the high prevalence among intravenous dr ...19958668046
[pneumocystis pneumonia in light of personal observations].during a period of 10 months, 87 children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia accompanied transient cellular immunity disorders and with normal humoral immunity were observed. it is suggested that change the invasiveness of the parasite has changed. the necessity of taking into consideration a pneumocystis etiology in diagnosis of respiratory tract diseases among children is pointed out.19958668366
[coexistence of pneumocystis carinii infection with pertussis]. 19959638207
predicting cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to cotrimoxazole in hiv-infected individuals receiving primary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis.to measure the incidence of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to cotrimoxazole in the setting of primary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis: to measure the incidence of severe reactions: and to identify predictors for these outcomes.19957472686
ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and manage pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.this study assesses the ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and manage pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a standardized patient (sp) with unidentified hiv infection. one hundred thirty-four primary care physicians from five northwest states saw an sp with unidentified hiv infection who presented with symptoms, chest radiograph, and arterial blood gas results classic for pcp. seventy-seven percent of the physicians included pcp in their differential diagnoses and 71% identified t ...19957472689
health insurance and utilization in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.to examine the relationship between health insurance status and health services utilization among hiv-infected patients with active pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), the discharge and outpatient databases of a large california medical facility were reviewed. four hundred fifty records met the inclusion criteria. logistic regression indicated that those who had publicly funded insurance were about half as likely (95% ci 0.28, 0.99) as were those who had private insurance to undergo bronchosco ...19957472705
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during treatment for recurrent breast cancer: a case report.we describe a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a woman with recurrent breast cancer without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the pcp was associated with severe lymphocytopenia due to treatment with anticancer agents in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf). despite the severe lymphocytopenia, the total leucocyte count never fell below 3000/mm3 during the treatment. it was difficult to determine whether the patient's respiratory failure was cau ...19957474411
[detection of the exoskeleton of sarcoptes scabiei in histological sections using fungiflora y].fungiflora y was applied to a deparaffinized section of a biopsied skin with scabies, a section of a brain infected with cysticercus cellulosae, a section of a lung infected with pneumocystis carinii and a section of a cockroach. the exoskeleton of the mite and the cockroach were stained with fungiflora y and were visualized as a greenish-blue fluorescence under incident illumination with ultraviolet light, whereas the cysticercus cellulosae and the pneumocystis carinii were not visualized at al ...19957474447
pneumocystis carinii in africa: an emerging pathogen?there are quite a few pathogens which can cause pneumonia. identifying the agent of infection simplifies therapy by allowing the appropriate treatment to be targeted with a minimum amount of toxic drugs. empirical therapy is ideally reserved for settings in which the patient is not acutely ill, there is a high probability of a single, easily treated pathogen, and rapid diagnostic facilities are available if treatment fails. empirical therapy, however, is often necessary in many aids-endemic r ...19957475709
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in zimbabwe.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is said to be rare in africa, with reported rates of 0-22% in human-immunodeficiency-virus (hiv) infected individuals with respiratory symptoms. over one year in a central hospital in southern africa, 64 hiv-infected patients with acute diffuse pneumonia unresponsive to penicillin and sputum smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy. bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assessed for bacteria, fungi, pneumocystis carinii, and mycobacte ...19957475717
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.in 1991 and 1992 pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was diagnosed in 28 renal transplant recipients. the incidence of pcp in our renal transplant centre was remarkably increased from 1.1% before 1991 to 11.5% in 1991-1992. we compared 28 pcp patients with a control group of 27 renal transplant recipients, matched for transplantation day and without an episode of pcp. the mean age was significantly higher in the pcp group (50 +/- 13 versus 38 +/- 13 years). we observed no differences in basic i ...19957478123
hiv infection: analysis in 259 consecutive patients with abnormal abdominal ct findings.to evaluate abdominal computed tomographic (ct) findings in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.19957480744
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with low dose methotrexate treatment for malignant rheumatoid arthritis].low dose pulse methotrexate (mtx) has become a widely used therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (ra) because of its good response rate profile. with the increased use of mtx, reports of opportunistic infections associated with mtx therapy have appeared. fourteen cases of pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia in patients receiving low dose mtx have been previously reported. yet, no case of pc pneumonia associated with low dose mtx has so far been reported in japan. we report the first case in japan of ...19957482069
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by bronchoalveolar lavage in aids patients. comparison of diff-quik, fungifluor stain, direct immunofluorescence test and polymerase chain reaction.to assess the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diff-quik, fungifluor stain, the direct immunofluorescence test (dift) and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients.19957483981
bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of fungal disease. five years' experience in a southern united states rural area with many blastomycosis cases.to determine the relative frequency of blastomyces dermatitidis among other microorganisms in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens.19957483983
comparison of histologic stains in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii.to evaluate commonly used histologic stains used to detect pneumocystis, including diff-quik (dq), grocott's gomori methenamine silver (gms), papanicolaou, and hematoxylin and eosin (h&e).19957483986
vortex keratopathy associated with atovaquone.we studied a case of vortex keratopathy that was associated with the use of atovaquone.19957485371
inhibition of recombinant pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase by sulfa drugs.forty-four sulfa drugs were screened against crude preparations of recombinant pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase. the apparent michaelis-menten constants (km) for p-aminobenzoic acid and 7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphate were 0.34 +/- 0.02 and 2.50 +/- 0.71 microm, respectively. several sulfa drugs, including sulfathiazole, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfathiourea, inhibited dihydropteroate synthetase approximately as well as sulfamethoxazole, a ...19957486915
cryptococcal pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.infection with cryptococcus neoformans occurs with increased frequency in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). despite the lungs being the portal of entry for the fungus the commonest presentation is with meningitis: cryptococcal broncho pulmonary infection occurs less commonly. the chest radiographs of fourteen hiv positive patients with cryptococcal pneumonia were reviewed. the commonest radiographic abnormalities were interstitial infiltrates, (nine patients) and focal or wid ...19957489624
vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and rifampin.vancomycin is a safe, effective antibiotic for a variety of serious gram-positive infections. because of emerging vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the threat of spread of vancomycin-resistant genes to other gram-positive organisms, judicious use of vancomycin should be promoted. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a broad-spectrum synergistic combination, continues to find widespread use in gram-negative bacterial infections, especially involving the urinary tract. it has enjoyed enormous success ...19957490442
new drug developments for opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients: pneumocystis carinii. 19957490723
response of rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia to continuous infusion of deferoxamine.the iron-chelating drug deferoxamine mesylate (dfo) is active against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in rat and mouse models of p. carinii pneumonia. because dfo has a short half-life, daily divided or continuous dosage was expected to improve the dose response, as is the case with dfo treatment of malaria. therefore, results of single daily intraperitoneal injections were compared with results of an evenly divided four-times-daily dosage and the efficacy of delivery with implanted infusion p ...19957492082
respiratory syncytial virus, a rare cause of severe pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation.mixed alveolar interstitial pneumonia is a much-feared complication in bone marrow transplant recipients because it carries a high mortality. many cases in which an etiological agent is identified are due to fungi or cytomegalovirus; rarely, other infectious agents such as pneumocystis carinii or (para)influenzavirus are involved. in this report we describe a patient who received intense chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation for relapse of testis seminoma and who develo ...19957492628
attachment of pneumocystis carinii to primary cultures of rat alveolar epithelial cells.pneumocystis carinii (pc) is an exclusively extracellular pathogen which causes pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. histologic studies have demonstrated that pc organisms attach preferentially to type i alveolar epithelial cells and rarely bind to type ii cells. previous reports have demonstrated that cultured type ii cells develop a type i cell-like phenotype and express type i cell surface antigens. the current study examines the attachment of pc organisms to isolated rat type ii alveo ...19957493634
cloning and characterization of an atpase gene from pneumocystis carinii which closely resembles fungal h+ atpases.a gene encoding a p-type cation translocating atpase was cloned from a genomic library of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii. the nucleotide sequence of the gene contains a 2781 base-pair open reading frame that is predicted to encode a 101,401 dalton protein composed of 927 amino acids. the p. carinii atpase protein (pcal) is 69-75% identical when compared with eight proton pumps from six fungal species. the pneumocystis atpase is less than 34% identical to atpase proteins from protozoans, verteb ...19957496388
current techniques in cell and molecular biology.recent advances in the field of molecular biology have revolutionized our understanding of the functioning of living organisms and facilitated the development of robust tools for both diagnosis and treatment of diseases. with particular reference to the field of critical care medicine, development of molecular biology techniques have aided in the following: (1) rapid and highly specific detection of pathogenic infectious agents (eg, mycobacterium tuberculosis, pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovir ...19957496450
intrathoracic kaposi's sarcoma. ct findings.to describe the thin ct scans findings in aids patients with intrathoracic kaposi's sarcoma (ks).19957497772
role of pneumocystis carinii dna amplification by pcr on the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with haematologic malignant diseases: report of four cases. 19957502636
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without aids, 1980 through 1993. an analysis of 78 cases.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurs in immunocompromised patients without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). there has been an increasing yearly number of cases of pcp in our patients without aids.19957503602
adhesive glycoproteins in the pathogenesis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: host defense or microbial offense? 19957529815
interaction of vitronectin with pneumocystis carinii: evidence for binding via the heparin binding domain.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a major opportunistic infection in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. p. carinii attachment to alveolar epithelial cells is considered necessary for growth and replication of the organism. recent studies have focused on the role of adhesive proteins such as fibronectin and vitronectin in attachment mechanisms of p. carinii in the alveolar space. whereas the role of fibronectin has been partially characterized, less is known about the mechanis ...19957529816
Refresh
firstprev
...31323334353637383940...
nextlast
Displaying items 3401 - 3500 of 7415