Publications

antimicrobial monomeric and dimeric diterpenes from the leaves of helichrysum tenax var tenax.	the hexane extract of fresh air-dried leaves of helichrysum tenax (asteraceae) afforded ent-beyer-15-en-19-ol (1), its 4-epimer ent-beyer-15-en-18-ol (2), 15beta,16beta-epoxide-ent-beyeran-19-ol (3), as well as (4) consisting of two units of (1) linked as a diester of malonic acid, and (5), a compound. its constituents are (1) and (3) also linked as a diester of malonic acid. the leaves of the plant are densely covered in fine glandular trichomes. these are extremely sticky and exude a mixture o ...	2006	16434071
influence of aqueous aluminium on the immune system of the freshwater crayfish pacifasticus leniusculus.	little is known of the effects of aluminium (al) on invertebrate immunity despite the ubiquitous nature of the metal and its toxicity to aquatic organisms. here we examine the effect of al at neutral ph on the immune system of the freshwater crayfish pacifasticus leniusculus. heat-killed bacteria were injected at intervals into the haemolymph of crayfish continuously exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (500 microg l(-1)) of al over 40 days. circulating haemocyte and bacterial numbers were moni ...	2006	16436302
the acid tolerance response of bacillus cereus atcc14579 is dependent on culture ph, growth rate and intracellular ph.	the food pathogen bacillus cereus is likely to encounter acidic environments (i) in food when organic acids are added for preservation purposes, and (ii) during the stomachal transit of aliments. in order to characterise the acid stress response of b. cereus atcc14579, cells were grown in chemostat at different ph values (ph(o) from 9.0 to 5.5) and different growth rates (micro from 0.1 to 0.8 h(-1)), and were submitted to acid shock at ph 4.0. cells grown at low ph(o) were adapted to acid media ...	2006	16906407
antibiotic resistance: mono- and dinuclear zinc complexes as metallo-beta-lactamase mimics.	biomimetic systems containing one or two zinc(ii) ions supported by phenolate ligands were developed as functional mimics of metallo-beta-lactamase. these complexes were shown to catalytically hydrolyze beta-lactam substrates, such as oxacillin and penicillin g. the dinuclear zinc complex 1, which has a coordinated water molecule, exhibits high beta-lactamase activity, whereas the dinuclear zinc complex 2, which has no water molecules, but labile chloride ligands, shows a much lower activity. th ...	2006	16906495
the bacillus cereus group: novel aspects of population structure and genome dynamics.	to provide new insights into the population and genomic structure of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria.	2006	16907808
characterization of the cereulide nrps alpha-hydroxy acid specifying modules: activation of alpha-keto acids and chiral reduction on the assembly line.	several nonribosomal peptide natural products are composites of alpha-hydroxy acid and alpha-amino acid monomers. cereulide, the emetic toxin from the human pathogen bacillus cereus, and valinomycin, from streptomyces spp., are closely related macrocyclic k+ ionophores. the macrocyclic core of each natural product contains alternating peptide (six) and ester (six) bonds, and their cyclododecadepsipeptide structures consist of a tetradepsipeptide unit repeated three times. here we overexpress the ...	2006	16910662
biocatalytic production of dihydrocoumarin from coumarin by saccharomyces cerevisiae.	natural dihydrocoumarin, which is of great interest in the flavor industry, was biotechnologically produced from pure coumarin or tonka bean meal with pseudomonas orientalis, bacillus cereus, and various saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. coumarin was shown to be converted to melilotic acid, which yielded dihydrocoumarin upon distillation during purification. about 1.0 g/l product was obtained from 25 g/l tonka beans with s. cerevisiae within 147 h. this dihydrocoumarin thus fulfills all of the c ...	2006	16910713
evaluation of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer for effectiveness in killing bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis spores in suspensions, on the surface of stainless steel, and on apples.	chlorine (10 to 200 microg/ml), chlorine dioxide (10 to 200 microg/ml), and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer (40 and 80 microg/ ml) were evaluated for effectiveness in killing spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in suspensions and on the surface of stainless steel and apples. water and 5% horse serum were used as carriers for spore inoculum applied to the surface of stainless steel coupons, and 5% horse serum was used as a carrier for inoculum applied to apples. inocula were ...	2006	16924915
a selective chromogenic agar that distinguishes bacillus anthracis from bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis.	a selective and differential plating medium, r & f anthracis chromogenic agar (aca), has been developed for isolating and identifying presumptive colonies of bacillus anthracis. aca contains the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-choline phosphate that upon hydrolysis yields teal (blue green) colonies indicating the presence of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c (pc-plc) activity. among seven bacillus species tested on aca, only members of the bacillus cereus group (b. an ...	2006	16924932
in vitro studies of the digestion of caprine whey proteins by human gastric and duodenal juice and the effects on selected microorganisms.	the in vitro digestion of caprine whey proteins was investigated by a two-step degradation assay, using human gastric juice (hgj) at ph 2.5 and human duodenal juice (hdj) at ph 7.5. different protein and peptide profiles were observed after the first (hgj) and second (hdj) enzymatic degradation. the minor whey proteins serum albumin, lactoferrin and ig were rapidly degraded by hgj, while alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) were more resistant and survived both 30 and 45 ...	2006	16925863
characteristic features of bacillus cereus cell surfaces with biosorption of pb(ii) ions by afm and ft-ir.	in order to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved in the biosorption of metal ions, atomic force microscopy (afm) and fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy were used to characterize the interaction between pb2+ and bacillus cereus. afm imaging of the biomass surfaces exposed to different concentrations of lead ions solution showed a major morphological change occurred after pb2+ biosorption. the ft-ir spectra indicated the binding characteristics of the lead ions involved the car ...	2006	16930957
a unique biofilm proteome.		2006	16933391
a comparison of three rapid bacterial detection methods under simulated real-life conditions.	bacterial screening of all produced platelet concentrates (pcs) is implemented in many countries to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted sepsis. this study compares three rapid bacterial detection methods by imitating real-life conditions.	2006	16934073
the variation of catalytic efficiency of bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamase with different active site metal ions.	the kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of the native zinc and metal substituted bacillus cereus (bcii) metallo-beta-lactamase have been investigated. the ph and metal ion dependence of k(cat) and k(cat)/k(m), determined under steady-state conditions, for the cobalt substituted bcii catalyzed hydrolysis of cefoxitin, cephaloridine, and cephalexin indicate that an enzyme residue of apparent pk(a) 6.3 +/- 0.1 is required in its deprotonated form for metal ion binding and catalysis. the k(cat)/k(m ...	2006	16939217
mitigation of olive mill wastewater toxicity.	the toxicity of olive mill wastewaters (omw) is commonly attributed to monomeric phenols. omw were treated in an aerated, stirred reactor containing agricultural soil, where the oxidative polymerization of phenols took place. in 24 h, omw monomeric phenols decreased by >90%. this resulted in a corresponding reduction in phytotoxicity, as measured by germination tests with tomato and english cress seeds, and in microbial toxicity, as measured by lag phase duration in bacillus cereus batch growth. ...	2006	16939339
synergistic bactericidal effect of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde or thymol and refrigeration to inhibit bacillus cereus in carrot broth.	possible use of three different essential oil components as natural food preservatives was studied by examining their influence in the kinetics of growth from activated spores of four bacillus cereus strains in tyndallized carrot broth over the temperature range 5-16 degrees c. selected low concentrations of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, or thymol showed a clear antibacterial activity against b. cereus in the vegetable substrate. the addition of 2 microl cinnamaldehyde or 20 mg thymol to 100 ml of ...	2006	16942988
the use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to differentiate escherichia coli o157:h7 from other bacteria inoculated into apple juice.	fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) can discriminate escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 35150 from other bacteria: e. coli atcc 25522, bacillus cereus atcc 10876, and listeria innocua atcc 51742 inoculated in to apple juice. spectra of bacterial suspensions (ca. 10(9) cfu/ml in 0.9% nacl) on anodisc (aluminum oxide) filters were tested. unique ft-ir vibrational combination bands from mid-ir active components of bacterial cells are present in the "fingerprint region" at wavenumbers between ...	2006	16943000
modeling the influence of electron beam irradiation on the heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores.	the effect of electron beam irradiation (ebi) on bacillus cereus spore heat resistance was investigated. irradiation with accelerated electrons had an important heat-sensitizing effect on distilled-water spore suspensions. after irradiation doses of 1.3, 3.1, or 5.7 kgy followed by heating at 90 degrees c, calculated d(90)-values for strains escuela politécnica superior de orihuela (epso)-41wr and epso-50ur were reduced more than 1.3, 2.4, and 4.6 times, respectively. plots of calculated log d(t ...	2006	16943026
thermal inactivation of bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens vegetative cells and spores in pork luncheon roll.	the aim of this study was to design a thermal treatment(s) for pork luncheon roll, which would destroy bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens vegetative cells and spores. b. cereus and c. perfringens vegetative and spore cocktails were used to inoculate luncheon meat. samples were subjected to different temperatures and removal times. the decimal-reduction times (d-values) were calculated by linear regression analysis (d = -1/slope of a plot of log surviving cells versus time). the log(10) ...	2006	16943086
elaboration of an electroporation protocol for bacillus cereus atcc 14579.	an electro-transformation procedure was established for bacillus cereus atcc 14579. using early growth-stage culture and high electric field, the ectroporation efficiency was up to 2 x 10(9) cfu microg(-1) ml(-1) with pc194 plasmid dna. the procedure was tested with three other plasmids, of various sizes, replication mechanisms and selection markers, and the transformation efficiencies ranged between 2 x 10(6) and 1 x 10(8) cfu microg(-1) ml(-)(1). the effects of two wall-weakening agents on ele ...	2006	16820234
sequence diversity of the bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus sensu lato flagellin (h antigen) protein: comparison with h serotype diversity.	we set out to analyze the sequence diversity of the bacillus thuringiensis flagellin (h antigen [hag]) protein and compare it with h serotype diversity. some other bacillus cereus sensu lato species and strains were added for comparison. the internal sequences of the flagellin (hag) alleles from 80 bacillus thuringiensis strains and 16 strains from the b. cereus sensu lato group were amplified and cloned, and their nucleotide sequences were determined and translated into amino acids. the flagell ...	2006	16820457
analysis of the life cycle of the soil saprophyte bacillus cereus in liquid soil extract and in soil.	bacillus is commonly isolated from soils, with organisms of bacillus cereus sensu lato being prevalent. knowledge of the ecology of b. cereus and other bacillus species in soil is far from complete. while the older literature favors a model of growth on soil-associated organic matter, the current paradigm is that b. cereus sensu lato germinates and grows in association with animals or plants, resulting in either symbiotic or pathogenic interactions. an in terra approach to study soil-associated ...	2006	16820495
biofilm formation by bacillus cereus is influenced by plcr, a pleiotropic regulator.	the deltaplcr mutant of bacillus cereus strain atcc 14579 developed significantly more biofilm than the wild type and produced increased amounts of biosurfactant. biosurfactant production is required for biofilm formation and may be directly or indirectly repressed by plcr, a pleiotropic regulator. coating polystyrene plates with surfactin, a biosurfactant from bacillus subtilis, rescued the deficiency in biofilm formation by the wild type.	2006	16820512
characterization of emetic bacillus weihenstephanensis, a new cereulide-producing bacterium.	cereulide production has until now been restricted to the species bacillus cereus. here we report on two psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis strains, mc67 and mc118, that produce cereulide. the strains are atypical with regard to pheno- and genotypic characteristics normally used for identification of emetic b. cereus strains. mc67 and mc118 produced cereulide at temperatures of as low as 8 degrees c.	2006	16820519
cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of varthemia iphionoides boiss. extracts.	the hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol and water extracts of aerial parts of varthemia, varthemia iphionoides, were investigated for cytotoxic activity against human myelocytic leukemia (hl-60) cells; dpph radical-scavenging activity; antioxidative activity in the linoleic acid system; reducing power; antibacterial activity; the contents of phenolic compounds. a pronounced cytotoxic effect on human leukemia (hl-60) cells was shown in the hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts, with inhi ...	2006	16824717
antimicrobial effect of silver-doped phosphate-based glasses.	in this study a range of phosphate-based glasses (pbg) doped with silver have been investigated for their antimicrobial activities. in disk diffusion assays, these compositions demonstrated microbistatic effects against a range of organisms including staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, bacillus cereus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and candida albicans. the data obtained from the above studies allowed for an additional range of pbg containing lower amo ...	2006	16826601
characterization of a bacteriocin-like substance produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from the brazilian atlantic forest.	a bacillus strain producing a bacteriocin-like substance was characterized by biochemical profiling and 16s rdna sequencing. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain has high sequence similarity with bacillus amyloliquefaciens. the antimicrobial substance was inhibitory to pathogenic and food-spoilage bacteria, such as listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, serratia marcescens, and pasteurella haemolytica. it was stable over a wide temperature range, but lost activity when the temperatu ...	2006	16835841
microbiological transformation of two labdane diterpenes, the main constituents of madia species, by two fungi.	microbial transformation of 13r,14r,15-trihydroxylabd-7-ene (5) and 13r,14r,15-trihydroxylabd-8(17)-ene (6) by the fungus debaryomyces hansenii gave 1 (13r,14r,15-trihydroxy-6-oxolabd-8-ene) and 3 (7alpha,13r,14r,15-tetrahydroxy-labd-8(17)-ene), respectively. while, microbial transformation of 5 by aspergillus niger afforded 2 (3beta,13r,14r,15-tetrahydroxy-labd-7-ene), and 13r,14r,15-trihydroxylabd-8,17-ene (6) gave 3 and 4 (3r,14r,15-3-oxotetrahydroxy-labd-7-ene). the structures of the new com ...	2006	16839574
capillary electrophoretic method for the detection of bacterial contamination.	there has been growing interest in separations-based techniques for the identification and characterization of microorganisms because of the versatility, selectivity, sensitivity, and short analysis times of these methods. a related area of analysis that is scientifically and commercially important is the determination of the presence or complete absence of microbes (in essence, a test for sample sterility). in such a test, it is not of immediate importance to identify a particular microorganism ...	2006	16841893
toxin gene profiling of enterotoxic and emetic bacillus cereus.	very different toxins are responsible for the two types of gastrointestinal diseases caused by bacillus cereus: the diarrhoeal syndrome is linked to nonhemolytic enterotoxin nhe, hemolytic enterotoxin hbl, and cytotoxin k, whereas emesis is caused by the action of the depsipeptide toxin cereulide. the recently identified cereulide synthetase genes permitted development of a molecular assay that targets all toxins known to be involved in food poisoning in a single reaction, using only four differ ...	2006	16842349
synthesis and antimicrobial activity studies of ortho-chlorodiarylamines and heteroaromatic tetracyclic systems in the benzo[b]thiophene series.	ortho-chlorodiarylamines in the 2,3,7-trimethylbenzo[b]thiophene series were prepared in high yields (70-85%) by c-n palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling using p(t-bu)(3) as ligand and naot-bu as base. a palladium-assisted c-c intramolecular cyclization of the coupling products gave thienocarbazoles and the dechlorinated diarylamines. studies of antimicrobial activity of the compounds obtained, against representative species of bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus cereus an ...	2006	16843669
isolation of bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus plantarum strains from ben saalga, a traditional fermented gruel from burkina faso.	a collection of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ben saalga, a traditional fermented gruel from burkina faso, was screened for bacteriocin production. seven isolates were selected for their broad antimicrobial spectra, which overall included strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, enterococcus faecalis, listeria innocua, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. cluster analysis of rapd-pcr patterns revealed that six of the isolates re ...	2006	16844251
characterization of bacillus anthracis-like bacteria isolated from wild great apes from cote d'ivoire and cameroon.	we present the microbiological and molecular characterization of bacteria isolated from four chimpanzees and one gorilla thought to have died of an anthrax-like disease in côte d'ivoire and cameroon. these isolates differed significantly from classic bacillus anthracis by the following criteria: motility, resistance to the gamma phage, and, for isolates from cameroon, resistance to penicillin g. a capsule was expressed not only after induction by co(2) and bicarbonate but also under normal growt ...	2006	16855222
identification and characterization of bacterial cysteine dioxygenases: a new route of cysteine degradation for eubacteria.	in metazoa and fungi, the catabolic dissimilation of cysteine begins with its sulfoxidation to cysteine sulfinic acid by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (cdo). in these organisms, cdo plays an important role in the homeostatic regulation of steady-state cysteine levels and provides important oxidized metabolites of cysteine such as sulfate and taurine. to date, there has been no experimental evidence for the presence of cdo in prokaryotes. using psi-blast searches and crystallographic informatio ...	2006	16855246
spores from mesophilic bacillus cereus strains germinate better and grow faster in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions than spores from psychrotrophic strains.	the species bacillus cereus, known for its ability to cause food borne disease, consists of a large variety of strains. an important property for discrimination of strains is their growth temperature range. psychrotrophic strains can grow well at refrigerator temperatures but grow at 37 degrees c with difficulty. mesophilic strains on the other hand are unable to grow below 10 degrees c, but grow well at 37 degrees c. spores of six psychrotrophic and six mesophilic strains were investigated for ...	2006	16860423
efficacy of amphoteric surfactant- and peracetic acid-based disinfectants on spores of bacillus cereus in vitro and on food premises of the german armed forces.	in mass catering facilities of the german armed forces, foodborne outbreaks are commonly attributed to bacillus cereus, and spores of this organism are regularly found on equipment surfaces. b. cereus is the causative agent of foodborne emetic or diarrheic disease. hence, the use of sporicidal disinfectants may provide a starting point for successful risk mitigation of diseases associated with b. cereus. in this study, the amphoteric surfactant-based disinfectant (product a) that has been routin ...	2006	16865893
growth characteristics of virulent bacillus anthracis and potential surrogate strains.	the objectives of this study were to compare generation and lag times of virulent bacillus anthracis strains with those of other bacillus strains, to identify possible surrogates for growth studies, and to determine if the b. cereus module of the u.s. department of agriculture pathogen modeling program (pmp) had predictive value for b. anthracis. growth characteristics of b. anthracis, b. cereus, b. mycoides, and b. subtilis strains in brain heart infusion broth at ph 6.5, 6.0, and 5.5 were dete ...	2006	16865910
physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic profiles of greek table olives from retail outlets.	the physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic profile of different commercial table olive products from retail outlets was studied. average ph values were 4.00, 3.96, and 4.31 for spanish-style green, naturally black, and dry-salted olives, respectively, while salt content was 6.21, 7.34, and 8.00% for the same commercial products. mean values for titratable acidity were 0.53 and 0.63% (wt/vol) for green and naturally black olives. in general, mean values for ph, titratable acidity, and ...	2006	16865913
antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen xanthoparmelia pokornyi and its gyrophoric and stenosporic acid constituents.	the antimicrobial activity of the diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichen xanthoparmelia pokornyi and its gyrophoric acid and stenosporic acid constituents has been screened against some foodborne bacteria and fungi. both the extracts and the acids showed antimicrobial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, yersinia enterocol ...	2006	16869486
the structure of the major cell wall polysaccharide of bacillus anthracis is species-specific.	in this report we describe the structure of the polysaccharide released from bacillus anthracis vegetative cell walls by aqueous hydrogen fluoride (hf). this hf-released polysaccharide (hf-ps) was isolated and structurally characterized from the ames, sterne, and pasteur strains of b. anthracis. the hf-pss were also isolated from the closely related bacillus cereus atcc 10987 strain, and from the b. cereus atcc 14579 type strain and compared with those of b. anthracis. the structure of the b. an ...	2006	16870610
bacillus cereus: the forgotten pathogen.	infection with bacillus cereus is generally associated with gastrointestinal effects of food poisoning linked to infected rice. isolates of b. cereus in hospital and clinical settings from any material other than vomitus or feces are commonly dismissed as contaminants.	2006	16875462
siderophores of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis.	three bacillus anthracis sterne strains (usamriid, 7702, and 34f2) and bacillus cereus atcc 14579 excrete two catecholate siderophores, petrobactin (which contains 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl moieties) and bacillibactin (which contains 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl moieties). however, the insecticidal organism bacillus thuringiensis atcc 33679 makes only bacillibactin. analyses of siderophore production by previously isolated [cendrowski et al., mol. microbiol. 52 (2004) 407-417] b. anthracis mutant strains rev ...	2006	16875672
[isolation and identification of bacillus cereus strain jp-a and its capability in phenol degradation].	in this study, a bacterial strain named as jp-a was isolated from the activated sludge of a steel factory. through morphological observation,physiological and biochemical test, and 16srrna sequence analysis, the strain was identified as bacillus cereus. under laboratory condition, the phenol at its initial concentration of 5,10 and 15 mmol x l(-1) could be completely degraded by the strain within 16,24 and 32 h, respectively, but the growth of the strain was inhibited when the phenol concentrati ...	2006	16883828
peptidoglycan from bacillus cereus mediates commensalism with rhizosphere bacteria from the cytophaga-flavobacterium group.	previous research in our laboratory revealed that the introduction of bacillus cereus uw85 can increase the populations of bacteria from the cytophaga-flavobacterium (cf) group of the bacteroidetes phylum in the soybean rhizosphere, suggesting that these rhizosphere microorganisms have a beneficial relationship (g. s. gilbert, j. l. parke, m. k. clayton, and j. handelsman, ecology 74:840-854, 1993). in the present study, we determined the frequency at which cf bacteria coisolated with b. cereus ...	2006	16885294
multivariate approach to comparing whole-cell proteomes of bacillus cereus indicates a biofilm-specific proteome.	biofilm bacteria are widely held to exhibit a unique phenotype, typified by their increased resistance to antimicrobial agents. numerous studies have been devoted to the identification of biofilm-specific genes, but surprisingly few have been reported to date. we compared the whole cell proteomes of 24 h old bacillus cereus biofilms and the associated suspended population to exponential, transient and stationary phase planktonic cultures using the unbiased approach of principal component analysi ...	2006	16889414
bacillus spp. among hospitalized patients with haematological malignancies: clinical features, epidemics and outcomes.	between april 2000 and may 2005, 350 bacteraemic episodes occurred among patients treated in our haematology unit. two hundred and twenty-eight of these episodes were caused by gram-positive pathogens, most commonly coagulase-negative staphylococci and staphylococcus aureus. one hundred and twenty-two episodes were due to gram-negative pathogens, with a predominance of escherichia coli, acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa. bacillus bacteraemias constituted 12 of these episodes occ ...	2006	16891037
quantification of the effects of salt stress and physiological state on thermotolerance of bacillus cereus atcc 10987 and atcc 14579.	the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus can acquire enhanced thermal resistance through multiple mechanisms. two bacillus cereus strains, atcc 10987 and atcc 14579, were used to quantify the effects of salt stress and physiological state on thermotolerance. cultures were exposed to increasing concentrations of sodium chloride for 30 min, after which their thermotolerance was assessed at 50 degrees c. linear and nonlinear microbial survival models, which cover a wide range of known inactivation c ...	2006	16957208
proteomic profiling and identification of immunodominant spore antigens of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis.	differentially expressed and immunogenic spore proteins of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which includes bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis, were identified. comparative proteomic profiling of their spore proteins distinguished the three species from each other as well as the virulent from the avirulent strains. a total of 458 proteins encoded by 232 open reading frames were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectro ...	2006	16957262
effect of different premilking manual teat-cleaning methods on bacterial spores in milk.	different teat-cleaning methods were evaluated to determine their effect on the presence of spores from anaerobic bacterial spore-formers in the milk. artificial contamination was used to achieve uniform contamination of teats to reduce the number of cows and samples needed in the experiments and still obtain adequate power to detect differences among tested methods. teats were contaminated experimentally with a large amount of clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in a manure-water slurry. various t ...	2006	16960062
purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of chitinase from bacillus cereus nctu2.	chitinases (ec 3.2.1.14) are found in a broad range of organisms, including bacteria, fungi and higher plants, and play different roles depending on their origin. a chitinase from bacillus cereus nctu2 (chinctu2) capable of hydrolyzing chitin as a carbon and nitrogen nutrient has been identified as a member of the family 18 glycoside hydrolases. chinctu2 of molecular weight 36 kda has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. according to the diffraction of chitinase crys ...	2006	16946479
microbial transformation of aniline derivatives: regioselective biotransformation and detoxification of 2-phenylenediamine by bacillus cereus strain pda-1.	a bacterial isolate, strain pda-1, grew well on basal medium supplemented with 2-phenylenediamine, sucrose, and ammonium nitrate and completely transformed 2-phenylenediamine. the isolate was identified as bacillus cereus. the product formed from 2-phenylenediamine was identified by ei-ms and nmr as 2-aminoacetanilide; whole cells converted 2-phenylenediamine to the product with a 76% molar yield. whole cells also showed a broad substrate specificity toward 20 of 26 tested arylamines with substi ...	2006	16952832
control of enterotoxin gene expression in bacillus cereus f4430/73 involves the redox-sensitive resde signal transduction system.	in contrast to bacillus subtilis, the role of the two-component regulatory system resde has not yet been investigated in the facultative anaerobe bacillus cereus. we examined the role of resde in the food-borne pathogen b. cereus f4430/73 by constructing resde and rese mutants. growth performances, glucose metabolism, and expression of hemolysin bl (hbl) and nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) were analyzed in the three strains under distinct oxygenation and extracellular oxidoreduction potential (or ...	2006	16952956
enzyme deactivation due to metal-ion dissociation during turnover of the cobalt-beta-lactamase catalyzed hydrolysis of beta-lactams.	metallo-beta-lactamases are native zinc enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics but are also able to function with cobalt (ii) and require one or two metal ions for catalytic activity. the kinetics of the hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin catalyzed by cobalt substituted beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus (bcii) are biphasic. the dependence of enzyme activity on ph and metal-ion concentration indicates that only the di-cobalt enzyme is catalytically active. a mono-cobalt enz ...	2006	16953588
characterization of bacillus cereus isolates associated with fatal pneumonias: strains are closely related to bacillus anthracis and harbor b. anthracis virulence genes.	bacillus cereus is ubiquitous in nature, and while most isolates appear to be harmless, some are associated with food-borne illnesses, periodontal diseases, and other more serious infections. in one such infection, b. cereus g9241 was identified as the causative agent of a severe pneumonia in a louisiana welder in 1994. this isolate was found to harbor most of the b. anthracis virulence plasmid pxo1 (13). here we report the characterization of two clinical and one environmental b. cereus isolate ...	2006	16954272
capsule production in bacillus cereus strains associated with severe pneumonia.	we identified three encapsulated bacillus cereus strains, isolated from patients with severe pneumonia, in a collection of b. cereus isolates associated with human illness. we found that the extent of capsule expression was influenced by culturing conditions. our findings highlight consequent clinical and laboratory diagnostic challenges posed by such isolates.	2006	16954292
bioassay-guided purification and identification of antimicrobial components in chinese green tea extract.	the chinese green tea extract was found to strongly inhibit the growth of major food-borne pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and a diarrhoea food-poisoning pathogen bacillus cereus, by 44-100% with the highest activity found against s. aureus and lowest against e. coli o157:h7. a bioassay-guided fractionation technique was used for identifying the principal active component. a simple and efficient reversed-phase high ...	2006	16797571
berry phenolics: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action against severe human pathogens.	antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of phenolic extracts of 12 nordic berries were studied against selected human pathogenic microbes. the most sensitive bacteria on berry phenolics were helicobacter pylori and bacillus cereus. campylobacter jejuni and candida albicans were inhibited only with phenolic extracts of cloudberry, raspberry, and strawberry, which all were rich in ellagitannins. cloudberry extract gave strong microbicidic effects on the basis of plate count with all studied strains. ...	2006	16800770
the production of bacillus cereus enterotoxins is influenced by carbohydrate and growth rate.	enterotoxin production is a key factor in bacillus cereus food poisoning. herein, the effect of the growth rate (mu) on b. cereus toxin production when grown on sucrose was studied and the hemolytic bl enterotoxin (hbl) and nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) production by b. cereus was compared according to carbohydrate at mu = 0.2 h(-1). the anaerobic growth was carried out on continuous cultures in synthetic medium supplemented with glucose, fructose, sucrose, or an equimolar mixture of glucose an ...	2006	16802202
plcr papr-independent expression of anthrolysin o by bacillus anthracis.	cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) are secreted, pore-forming toxins that are associated with pathogenesis in a variety of gram-positive bacteria. bacillus anthracis produces anthrolysin o (alo), a cdc that is largely responsible for the hemolytic activity of culture supernates when the bacterium is cultured in appropriate conditions. b. cereus and b. thuringiensis, species closely related to b. anthracis, produce cdcs with significant amino acid sequence homology to alo. transcription of t ...	2006	16980467
exsy and coty are required for the correct assembly of the exosporium and spore coat of bacillus cereus.	the exosporium-defective phenotype of a transposon insertion mutant of bacillus cereus implicated exsy, a homologue of b. subtilis cysteine-rich spore coat proteins coty and cotz, in assembly of an intact exosporium. single and double mutants of b. cereus lacking exsy and its paralogue, coty, were constructed. the exsy mutant spores are not surrounded by an intact exosporium, though they often carry attached exosporium fragments. in contrast, the coty mutant spores have an intact exosporium, alt ...	2006	16980471
prevalence of antibodies reactive to pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria in preimmune serum of new zealand white rabbits.	polyclonal antibodies are typically produced in rabbits. the rabbit's health plays an important role in the quality of antibodies produced. therefore, recommendations have been made by organizations on which bacteria and how frequently to test rabbit colonies. since it is well known that rabbits may contain cross-reactive antibodies in their preimmune serum, it is common to test the rabbits for reactivity prior to immunization. here preimmune sera from 19 different rabbits were tested with elisa ...	2006	16981648
examination of the structural and functional versatility of glms ribozymes by using in vitro selection.	self-cleaving ribozymes associated with the glms genes of many gram-positive bacteria are activated by binding to glucosamine-6-phosphate (glcn6p). representatives of the glms ribozyme class function as metabolite-sensing riboswitches whose self-cleavage activities down-regulate the expression of glms enzymes that synthesizes glcn6p. as with other riboswitches, natural glms ribozyme isolates are highly specific for their target metabolite. other small molecules closely related to glcn6p, such as ...	2006	16982640
hydroxymalonyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) and aminomalonyl-acp are two additional type i polyketide synthase extender units.	combinatorial biosynthesis of type i polyketide synthases is a promising approach for the generation of new structural derivatives of polyketide-containing natural products. a target of this approach has been to change the extender units incorporated into a polyketide backbone to alter the structure and activity of the natural product. one limitation to these efforts is that only four extender units were known: malonyl-coa, methylmalonyl-coa, ethylmalonyl-coa, and methoxymalonyl-acyl carrier pro ...	2006	16983083
phylogenetic analysis of bacillus cereus isolates from severe systemic infections using multilocus sequence typing scheme.	bacillus cereus strains from cases of severe or lethal systemic infections, including respiratory symptoms cases, were analyzed using multilocus sequence typing scheme of b. cereus mlst database. the isolates were evenly distributed between the two main clades, and 60% of them had allele profiles new to the database. half of the collection's strains clustered in a lineage neighboring bacillus anthracis phylogenetic origin. strains from lethal cases with respiratory symptoms were allocated in bot ...	2006	16985296
characteristics of ligand recognition by a glms self-cleaving ribozyme.		2006	16986193
evaluation of the hygienic quality and associated public health hazards of raw milk marketed by smallholder dairy producers in the dar es salaam region, tanzania.	a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine three parameters of the quality of the raw milk marketed by milk selling points (msps) in dar es salaam region. total bacterial count (tbc) was used as an indicator of the microbial quality of the milk; antimicrobial residues were determined; and the california mastitis test (cmt) was used to screen for milk somatic cells as an indication of the mastitis level in the cows that provided the milk. moreover, a water sample at each msp was taken for ...	2006	16986766
antimicrobial activity of extracts of chemical races of the lichen pseudevernia furfuracea and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents.	the antimicrobial activity and the mic values of the ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, and acetone extracts of the chemical races of pseudevernia furfuracea (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea) and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents have been investigated against some microorganisms. nearly all extracts of both chemical races showed antimicrobial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, prote ...	2006	16989308
effects of chitosan and a low-molecular-weight chitosan on bacillus cereus and application in the preservation of cooked rice.	shrimp chitosan with 95% deacetylation and low-molecular-weight chitosan (lmwc) isolated from chitosan hydrolysate were investigated for their effects on the growth of bacillus cereus and for use in the preservation of cooked rice. four strains of bacillus cereus were used: standard strain bcrc 10603 and three isolates (nos. 1 through 3) from cooked rice. the antibacterial activity of chitosan against b. cereus was greatly decreased when the reaction ph was changed from 6.0 to 7.0, but lmwc acti ...	2006	16995520
growth stimulatory effect of ochrobactrum intermedium and bacillus cereus on vigna radiata plants.	this study assessed the plant growth-promoting ability of the bacterial strains ochrobactrum intermedium (isolate crt-1) and bacillus cereus (isolate s-6).	2006	16965380
differential identification of bacillus anthracis from environmental bacillus species using microarray analysis.	to determine whether microarray analysis could be employed for the differential identification of a range of environmental bacillus sp. from four strains of bacillus anthracis.	2006	16968287
phenolics and antimicrobial activity of traditional stoned table olives 'alcaparra'.	in the present work, we report the determination of phenolic compounds in 'alcaparra' table olives by reversed-phase hplc/dad, and the evaluation of their extract in vitro activity against several microorganisms that may be causal agents of human intestinal and respiratory tract infections, namely gram positive (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, and staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (candida albicans a ...	2006	16971127
identification of the critical role of tyr-194 in the catalytic activity of a novel n-acyl-homoserine lactonase from marine bacillus cereus strain y2.	enzymatic disruption of quorum-sensing (qs) pathways in pathogenic organisms is a promising anti-infection therapeutic strategy. ahl-lactonase, a potent tool for biocontrol, can hydrolyze qs signal molecule n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) into inactive products, thereby blocking the qs systems. a marine bacterial isolate y2, identified as a bacillus cereus subsp., was found capable of inactivating ahls. the aiia gene encoding the ahl-degrading enzyme from bacterial strain y2 was cloned and exp ...	2006	16972128
relapsing bacillus cereus peritonitis during automated peritoneal dialysis.		2006	16973523
identification of bacillus cereus internalin and other candidate virulence genes specifically induced during oral infection in insects.	bacillus cereus is an opportunistic bacterium frequently associated with food-borne infections causing gastroenteritis. we developed an in vivo expression technology (ivet), with an insect host, for identification of the b. cereus genes specifically expressed during infection. this ivet-based approach uses site-specific recombinase tnpi to identify transient promoter activation. we constructed a genomic library of b. cereus atcc14579 by cloning dna fragments upstream from tnpi. the library was s ...	2006	16978259
detection and phylogenic analysis of one anthrax virulence plasmid pxo1 conservative open reading frame ubiquitous presented within bacillus cereus group strains.	the presence of one of the anthrax virulence plasmid pxo1 conserved fragments was analyzed in 24 bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis strains, including 6 b. thuringiensis subspecies, by polymerase chain reactions. twelve out of 24 strains showed pcr-positive for an orf101 homologous sequence. two pxo1-orf101-like fragments from a b. cereus b-4ac and a commercial b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 were cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. toxicity assays revealed that the product enco ...	2006	16978581
[screening and real-time quantitative detection for genomic signatures of bacillus anthracis].	a total amount of 117 candidate chromosomal sequences were screened for the genomic signatures of bacillus anthracis by a 2-step approach. out of them, 19 genomic signatures sequences were selected, among which, 6 genomic signatures were competent as the target sequence of taqman real-time pcr method. with the most significant alignment and specificity, fragment c04, together with paga gene and capb gene from virulence plasmids px01 and px02, was selected to establish a taqman real-time pcr assa ...	2006	17302151
[survival of gram-positive spore-forming bacteria including bacillus cereus after hand washing using alcohol-based handrub].	hand washing is the most fundamental method for preventing infection. currently, hand washing with an alcohol-based handrub is the international gold standard method. however, in our study we found many samples of ineffective hand washing using an alcohol-based handrub. the rates of ineffective samples were 10.4% (5/48) in 2004 and 34.3% (12/35) in 2005. we examined the morphology by gram staining and biochemical properties of the bacteria which remained after hand washing in 2005. their colonie ...	2006	17209516
microbial inactivation by microwave radiation in the home environment.	the study reported here looked at the survival of microorganisms (heterotrophic plate counts, total coliforms, e. coli, and bacterial spores) in a consumer-type microwave oven. kitchen sponges, scrubbing pads, and syringes were experimentally contaminated with wastewater and subsequently exposed to microwave radiation. at 100 percent power level, it was found that the heterotrophic plate count (i.e., total bacterial count) of the wastewater was reduced by more that 99 percent within 1 to 2 minut ...	2006	17190338
four new compounds from the leaves of acer truncatum.	four new compounds, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl formate (1), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(1s)-3-methoxypropyl]phenol (2), (1r,2r)-4-[(3r)-3-hydroxybutyl]-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diol (3), and (1s,3r,3ar,6s,7s,9ar)-decahydro-1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,7-dimethyl-3a,7-methano-3ah-cyclopentacyclooctene (4) were isolated from the leaves of acer truncatum, together with twelve known compounds. their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques. the absolute config ...	2006	17193311
acute inflammation and loss of retinal architecture and function during experimental bacillus endophthalmitis.	rapid vision loss and explosive inflammation are devastating consequences of bacillus endophthalmitis that have not been well defined. we therefore analyzed the evolution of intraocular inflammation and loss of retinal architecture and function during experimental bacillus endophthalmitis. mice were intravitreally injected with 100 cfu of b. cereus, and eyes were analyzed for bacterial growth, retinal function, architectural changes and retinal cellular stress, inflammatory cytokines, and infilt ...	2006	17114121
survival and growth of foodborne pathogens during cooking and storage of oriental-style rice cakes.	fresh cooked rice cakes for retail sale are typically held at room temperature because refrigeration dramatically reduces their quality. room temperature, high water activity, and a ph of > 4.6 provided an environment conducive to pathogen growth. to date, no studies have been published regarding survival and growth of foodborne pathogens in fresh cooked rice cakes. this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of steam cooking on foodborne pathogens and their subsequent growth in five var ...	2006	17186677
the effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems.	to investigate the effectiveness of oils and vapours of lemon (citrus limon), sweet orange (citrus sinensis) and bergamot (citrus bergamia) and their components against a number of common foodborne pathogens.	2006	17105553
water-soluble inhibitor on microbiologically influenced corrosion in diesel pipeline.	the effect of water-soluble corrosion inhibitor on the growth of bacteria and its corrosion inhibition efficiency were investigated. corrosion inhibition efficiency was studied by rotating cage test and flow loop techniques. the nature of biodegradation of corrosion inhibitor was also analyzed by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nmr) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (gc-ms). the bacterial isolates (serratia marcescens ace ...	2006	17110090
[cord blood transplantation after successful treatment of brain abscess caused by bacillus cereus in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia].	central nervous system infection caused by bacillus cereus is a rare condition, which often progresses rapidly and is fatal in immunocompromised patients. a 54-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia fell into a coma with high fever during severe neutropenia while undergoing chemotherapy. a blood culture demonstrated the presence of b. cereus and magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple abnormal lesions in her brain. the patient was treated with meropenem and vancomycin, and recovered f ...	2006	17176890
glucan and fructan production by sourdough weissella cibaria and lactobacillus plantarum.	after a large screening on sourdough lactic acid bacteria, exopolysaccharide (eps)-forming strains of weissella cibaria, lactobacillus plantarum, and pediococcus pentosaceus were selected. after 6 days of incubation at 30 degrees c, the synthesis of eps in mrs-based broth ranged from 5.54 to 7.88 mg ml-1. eps had an apparent molecular mass of ca. 104 da. as shown by carbohydrate consumption, the synthesis of eps was found from sucrose only. two types of homopolysaccharides were synthesized: gluc ...	2006	17177514
microflora of minimally processed frozen vegetables sold in gaborone, botswana.	two hundred samples of minimally processed, frozen, and prepacked potato chips, peas, corn, and a variety of combined vegetables from supermarkets in gaborone, botswana, were examined microbiologically. determination of aerobic mesophilic plate count, aerobic psychrotrophic plate count, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds, coliforms, listeria spp., and staphylococcus aureus were done. chips had the lowest mean log values for all of the microorganisms enumerated except yeasts and molds. the me ...	2006	17133799
prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacillus cereus in food commodities in the netherlands.	randomly selected food commodities, categorized in product groups, were investigated for the presence and number of bacillus cereus bacteria. if positive, and when possible, five separate colonies were isolated and investigated for the presence of four virulence factors: presence of genes encoding three enterotoxins (hemolysin bl [hbl], nonhemolytic enterotoxin [nhe], and cytotoxin k) and the ability to produce cereulide. in addition, the presence of psychrotrophic and mesophilic signatures was ...	2006	17133800
lethality of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial produce sanitizer to bacillus cereus and pseudomonas in a liquid detergent, on stainless steel, and in biofilm.	many factors that are not fully understood may influence the effectiveness of sanitizer treatments for eliminating pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food or detergent residues or in biofilms on food contact surfaces. this study was done to determine the sensitivities of pseudomonas cells and bacillus cereus cells and spores suspended in a liquid dishwashing detergent and inoculated onto the surface of stainless steel to treatment with chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial produce s ...	2006	17133805
preliminary analysis of tetracycline residues in marketed pork in hanoi, vietnam.	a cross-sectional survey was designed to investigate the proportion of tetracycline residues in marketed pork in suburb and urban districts in hanoi. a total of 290 raw muscle samples were randomly collected from open markets in these districts. the samples were qualitatively screened for tetracycline residues using the agar inhibition test, and bacillus cereus (atcc 11778) as the reference strain. the inconclusive samples were then analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). t ...	2006	17135565
a new rapid technique for screening the potential of implanted microorganisms to tolerate and grow on petroleum oily sludges.	standard experimental protocols for biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons employ microbiological and/or analytical analysis, and require advanced machines and specialized professionals to carry them out. furthermore, the obtained results involve a high margin of error. in this paper, a new experimental technique was developed to facilitate the study of microbial capability to degrade petroleum oily sludges. the technique is based on growing microorganisms on 0.22 microm filter membranes laid over ...	2006	17144260
metalloantibiotics: synthesis, characterization and in-vitro antibacterial studies on cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes with cloxacillin.	the synthesis and characterization of cloxacillin (clox) complexes with divalent metal ions [co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii)] is described. the nature of bonding of the chelated cloxacillin and the structures of the metal complexes have been elucidated on the basis of their physical and spectroscopic data. in all the complexes, the cloxacillin acts as a uninegatively charged bidentate ligand with coordination involving the carboxylate-o and endocyclic-n of the beta-lactam ring. the new com ...	2006	17059178
molecular characterization of a dna fragment harboring the replicon of pbmb165 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis.	bacillus thuringiensis belongs to the bacillus cereus sensu lato group of gram-positive and spore-forming bacteria. most isolates of b. thuringiensis can bear many endogenous plasmids, and the number and size of these plasmids can vary widely among strains or subspecies. as far as we know, the replicon of the plasmid pbmb165 is the first instance of a plasmid replicon being isolated from subsp. tenebrionis and characterized.	2006	17059605
table olives from portugal: phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity.	the phenolic compounds composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of different table olives from portugal, namely, natural black olives "galega", black ripe olive "negrinha de freixo", protected designation of origin (pdo) "azeitona de conserva negrinha de freixo" olives, and "azeitona de conserva de elvas e campo maior" designation of origin (do) olives, were investigated. the analysis of phenolic compounds was performed by reversed-phase hplc/dad, and seven compounds were i ...	2006	17061816
inhibition of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogate bacilli growth from spore inocula by nisin and other antimicrobial peptides.	the ability of nisin, synthetic temporin analogs, magainins, defensins, and cecropins to inhibit bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus subtilis growth from spore inocula was determined using well diffusion assays. nisin, magainin ii amide, and defensins were inhibitory in screening against b. anthracis sterne or b. cereus atcc 7004, but only nisin inhibited virulent b. anthracis strains. the mics of nisin against the 10 bacillus strains exam ...	2006	17066940
antimicrobial emulsion (coating) based on biopolymer containing neem (melia azardichta) and turmeric (curcuma longa) extract for wound covering.	polymeric bio-adhesives emulsion which is biodegradable and non-toxic containing antimicrobial agents can play an important role in preventing infection in wound covering and coating for surgical implants. therefore a bioadhesive polymer was synthesized by semi-interpenetrating network process using blend of shellac, casein and polyvinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride (ma) as reactive compatibilizer. the synthesized polymer was mixed with neem and turmeric extract and homogenized using an emulsifi ...	2006	17075168
relapsing bacillus cereus peritonitis in a pediatric patient on chronic peritoneal dialysis.		2006	17047241
endophthalmitis after open globe injury: microbiologic spectrum and susceptibilities of isolates.	to present the microbiologic spectrum and susceptibilities of isolates in posttraumatic endophthalmitis, and to provide a review of the literature.	2006	17056367
structure-activity relationships of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis dihydrofolate reductase: toward the identification of new potent drug leads.	new and improved therapeutics are needed for bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax. to date, antimicrobial agents have not been developed against the well-validated target dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). in order to address whether dhfr inhibitors could have potential use as clinical agents against bacillus, 27 compounds were screened against this enzyme from bacillus cereus, which is identical to the enzyme from b. anthracis at the active site. several 2,4-diamino-5-deazapteridin ...	2006	17005826
comparative analysis of two-component signal transduction systems of bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis.	members of the bacillus cereus group are ubiquitously present in the environment and can adapt to a wide range of environmental fluctuations. in bacteria, these adaptive responses are generally mediated by two-component signal transduction systems (tcss), which consist of a histidine kinase (hk) and its cognate response regulator (rr). with the use of in silico techniques, a complete set of hks and rrs was recovered from eight completely sequenced b. cereus group genomes. by applying a bidirecti ...	2006	17005984
significant passive protective effect against anthrax by antibody to bacillus anthracis inactivated spores that lack two virulence plasmids.	the protective-antigen (pa)-based cell-free vaccine is the only vaccine licensed for use against bacillus anthracis infection in humans. although the pa shows strong immunogenicity, the capsule or spore-associated somatic antigens may be important as additional vaccine targets for full protection against anthrax. in this study, the protective effect of spore-associated antigens against b. anthracis infection was determined. rabbits were immunized with formalin-fixed spores of a non-toxigenic une ...	2006	17005989