Publications

functional analysis of environmental dna-derived type ii polyketide synthases reveals structurally diverse secondary metabolites.	a single gram of soil is predicted to contain thousands of unique bacterial species. the majority of these species remain recalcitrant to standard culture methods, prohibiting their use as sources of unique bioactive small molecules. the cloning and analysis of dna extracted directly from environmental samples (environmental dna, edna) provides a means of exploring the biosynthetic capacity of natural bacterial populations. environmental dna libraries contain large reservoirs of bacterial geneti ...	2011	21768346
net energy production associated with pathogen inactivation during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.	the potential for anaerobic digester energy production must be balanced with the sustainability of reusing the resultant biosolids for land application. mesophilic, thermophilic, temperature-phased, and high temperature (60 or 70 °c) batch pre-treatment digester configurations have been systematically evaluated for net energy production and pathogen inactivation potential. energy input requirements and net energy production were modeled for each digester scheme. first-order inactivation rate coe ...	2011	21764416
selective immobilization of acinetobacter junii on the natural zeolitized tuff in municipal wastewater.	the immobilization of desired bacteria onto material was usually performed in synthetic media. the aim of this study was to test the immobilization of phosphate (p)-accumulating bacteria acinetobacter junii onto natural zeolitized tuff (nz) in the raw or sterilized municipal wastewater containing the common bacteria escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis and the performance of immobilized a. junii in the same type of wastewater. in the sterilized wastewater which contained the mixture of a. ...	2011	21764269
effect of ultrasonics on enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a bovine tooth model.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of the ultrasonic irrigation of sodium hypochlorite and edta in root canals of bovine teeth infected with enterococcus faecalis.	2011	21763907
residual effectiveness of final irrigation regimens on enteroccus faecalis-infected root canals.	the application of a final irrigating solution that remains active over a fairly long period of time stands as one strategy for preventing bacterial recolonization or eliminating the bacteria that persist after root canal treatment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the residual antimicrobial activity of four final irrigation regimens in root canals contaminated with enterococcus faecalis.	2011	21763905
in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activities of mtad in combination with nisin against enterococcus faecalis.	mtad is a common intracanal irrigant. although mtad inhibits enterococcus faecalis in root canals, its bactericidal effect against e. faecalis remains to be improved. nisin, an antibacterial peptide, possesses a strong bactericidal effect. the study evaluated the synergetic action between mtad and nisin against e. faecalis.	2011	21763904
characterization of the deoxynucleotide triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dntpase) activity of the ef1143 protein from enterococcus faecalis and crystal structure of the activator-substrate complex.	the ef1143 protein from enterococcus faecalis is a distant homolog of deoxynucleotide triphosphate triphosphohydrolases (dntpases) from escherichia coli and thermus thermophilus. these dntpases are important components in the regulation of the dntp pool in bacteria. biochemical assays of the ef1143 dntpase activity demonstrated nonspecific hydrolysis of all canonical dntps in the presence of mn2+. in contrast, with mg2+ hydrolysis required the presence of dgtp as an effector, activating the degr ...	2011	21757692
evaluation of forty new phenothiazine derivatives for activity against intrinsic efflux pump systems of reference escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus strains.	because phenothiazines inhibit efflux pumps of bacteria, forty new phenothiazine derivatives were tested for their inhibition of the efflux pump systems of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.	2011	21753124
antioxidant, electrochemical, thermal, antimicrobial and alkane oxidation properties of tridentate schiff base ligands and their metal complexes.	in this study, two schiff base ligands (hl(1) and hl(2)) and their cu(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), pd(ii) and ru(iii) metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by the analytical and spectroscopic methods. alkane oxidation activities of the metal complexes were studied on cyclohexane as substrate. the ligands and their metal complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against corynebacterium xerosis, bacillus brevis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus cereus, mycobacterium smegmatis, st ...	2011	21752697
rupture of non-coronary sinus of valsalva with infective endocarditis of naive tricuspid valve presenting with recurrent ill-sustained ventricular tachycardia.	infective endocarditis affecting the tricupid valve due to rupture of non-coronary sinus of valsalva is distinctly rare. we are reporting such a rare case, presenting with recurrent ill sustained ventricular tachycardia.	2011	21751635
microbiology at first visit of moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infection with antimicrobial activity and a survey of quinolone monotherapy.	samples from 1295 patients with diabetic foot infection were evaluated; 4332 samples were collected with an average of 3.3 samples per patient. fifty-seven percent of patients had a 2b ulcer and 23% had a 3b ulcer according to texas university classification. in 64.2% of samples collected at first visit an etiologic agent was identified. about 40% of the positive samples were polymicrobial. gram positive bacteria were more frequently isolated (52.6%), staphylococcus aureus was the most frequentl ...	2011	21824673
potential application of the nisin z preparation of lactococcus lactis w8 in preservation of milk.	aims: the aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the preparation of nisin z from lactococcus lactis w8-fermented milk in controlling the growth of spoilage bacteria in pasteurized milk. methods and results: spoilage bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk at 8 and 15°c were identified as enterococcus italicus, enterococcus mundtii, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, lactobacillus paracasei, acinetobacter sp., pseudomonas fluorescens and enterobacter a ...	2011	21554339
cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of pseudopterosins and seco-pseudopterosins isolated from the octocoral pseudopterogorgia elisabethae of san andrés and providencia islands (southwest caribbean sea).	to expand the potential of pseudopterosins and seco-pseudopterosins isolated from the octocoral pseudopterogorgia elisabethae of san andrés and providencia islands (southwest caribbean sea), we report the anti-microbial profile against four pathogenic microorganisms (staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida albicans) and report a more complete cytotoxic profile against five human cells lines (hela, pc-3, hct116, mcf-7 and bj) for the compounds psg, psp, ps ...	2011	21556163
in vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis, biopure mtad, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine on enterococcus faecalis and candida albicans.	to evaluate the antimicrobial effect by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration mic and minimum bactericidal concentration mbc of propolis, biopure mtad, 5% sodium hypochlorite (naocl), and 2% chlorhexidine chx on enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) and candida albicans (c. albicans) in vitro.	2011	21556468
intra- and interspecies genomic transfer of the enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island.	enterococci are the third leading cause of hospital associated infections and have gained increased importance due to their fast adaptation to the clinical environment by acquisition of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity traits. enterococcus faecalis harbours a pathogenicity island (pai) of 153 kb containing several virulence factors including the enterococcal surface protein (esp). until now only internal fragments of the pai or larger chromosomal regions containing it have been transfered ...	2011	21559082
secondary transfer and expression of vana in enterococcus faecium derived from a commensal vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecium multi-component food isolate.	we investigated the potential for vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus (vse) from multi-component salads to disseminate vana from four clinical vancomycin-resistant enterococci to 14 streptogramin-resistant enterococci (sre) of food and animal origin. strains were selected from a previous study based on the presence of streptogramin susceptibility and/or vana, vanb, vatd, vate, agg, cpd, and gele genes. transconjugants were isolated on brain heart infusion agar containing vancomycin and selective ...	2011	21563943
detection of the macrolide-efflux protein a gene mef(a) in enterococcus faecalis.	the mef(a) gene codes for an efflux protein that conveys resistance to 14- and 15-membered macrolides. enterococci are emerging pathogens, as well as indicator and reservoir bacteria that are known to have a strong tendency to acquire resistance genes. a total of 485 enterococcus faecalis strains of porcine (n = 239) and human origin (n = 246) were screened for the presence of the mef(a) gene by using polymerase chain reaction. in total, 29 e. faecalis of porcine (n = 10) and human (n = 19) orig ...	2011	21563955
enterococcus populations in artisanal manchego cheese: biodiversity, technological and safety aspects.	enterococci represent a considerable proportion of the microbiota in manchego cheeses. in this study, a total of 132 enterococci isolated from good quality manchego cheeses from two dairies at different ripening times were genotypically characterized and identified using molecular techniques. representative isolates from the clusters obtained after genotyping were assayed for some enzymatic activities considered to have a potential role in cheese ripening, and for 2,3-butanedione and acetoin pro ...	2011	21569931
microbiological characteristics of kumis, a traditional fermented colombian milk, with particular emphasis on enterococci population.	kumis is a traditional fermented cow milk produced and consumed in south west colombia. the main objective of this research was to studied the enterococcal population, present in 13 kumis samples traditionally manufactured, for their role as beneficial organisms or opportunistic pathogens. the molecular identification of 72 isolates evidenced that enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium were the dominant species. the genes gele, esp, asa1, cyl and hyl, all associated with virulence factors in enter ...	2011	21569950
antimicrobial properties of mx-2401, a second generation lipopeptide active in presence of lung surfactant.	mx-2401 is a second generation gram-positive-selective lipopeptide antibiotic that is a semi-synthetic analog of the naturally occurring lipopeptide amphomycin. it was active against enterococcus spp. including vancomycin-sensitive (vse), vana, vanb, and vanc positive vancomycin-resistant (vre), linezolid- and quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant isolates (mic(90) of 4 μg/ml), methicillin-resistant (mrsa) and methicillin-sensitive (mssa) staphylococcus aureus (mic(90) of 2 μg/ml), coagulase-negat ...	2011	21576435
the microbiology of secondary and postoperative pancreatic infections: implications for antimicrobial management.	we reviewed our experience with secondary pancreatic infections with a focus on preemptive intervention and the potential alteration of the recovered microbial flora. the pathogens associated with postoperative pancreatic infections were analyzed with respect to nonenteric organisms, if any, that were recovered. we hypothesized that our findings might alter the antimicrobial management of these patients.	2011	21576614
susceptibility of gram-positive and -negative bacteria to novel nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticle technology.	the rapidly evolving crisis of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms has contributed to the rise of patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial and community-acquired infections. therefore, innovative antimicrobial technology targeting mechanisms to which the bacteria are unlikely to evolve resistance is urgently needed. we have previously described a nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticle (no-np) with efficacy against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and acinetobacter ba ...	2011	21577055
enterococcus faecalis affects the proliferation and differentiation of ovine osteoblast-like cells.	enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) is a gram-positive bacterium, mostly recovered from root-filled teeth with persistent periapical lesions. bacterial contamination of root canals inevitably results in interaction between e. faecalis and periapical tissues during the dynamic process of periapical inflammation. this study investigated the impact of heat-inactivated endodontic e. faecalis on the proliferation and the differentiation of ovine osteoblast-like cells, in an attempt to elucidate its p ...	2011	21584693
from commensal to pathogen: translocation of enterococcus faecalis from the midgut to the hemocoel of manduca sexta.	abstract a dynamic homeostasis is maintained between the host and native bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract in animals, but migration of bacteria from the gut to other organs can lead to disease or death. enterococcus faecalis is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract; however, enterococcus spp. are increasingly frequent causes of nosocomial infections with a high mortality rate. we investigated the commensal-to-pathogen switch undergone by e. faecalis og1rf in the lepidopteran model host ...	2011	21586646
as-48 bacteriocin: close to perfection.	bacteriocin as-48 is an intriguing molecule because of its unique structural characteristics, genetic regulation, broad activity spectrum, and potential biotechnological applications. it was the first reported circular bacteriocin and has been undoubtedly the best characterized for the last 25 years. thus, as-48 is the prototype of circular bacteriocins (class iv), for which the structure and genetic regulation have been elucidated. this review discusses the state-of-the-art in genetic engineeri ...	2011	21590312
structure-based design of a new series of d-glutamic acid based inhibitors of bacterial udp-n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine:d-glutamate ligase (murd).	murd ligase is one of the key enzymes participating in the intracellular steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis and constitutes a viable target in the search for novel antibacterial drugs to combat bacterial drug-resistance. we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated a new series of d-glutamic acid-based escherichia coli murd inhibitors incorporating the 5-benzylidenethiazolidin-4-one scaffold. the crystal structure of 16 in the murd active site has provided a good starting point for the design o ...	2011	21591605
outcome of treated and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in renal transplant recipients.	background: no guidelines exist concerning treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in renal transplant recipients (rtr). because of scarce clinical symptoms and fear of complications, such episodes are frequently treated based on subjective criteria without clear clinical benefit, with the risk of selecting resistant pathogens. methods: we retrospectively analysed the outcome of 334 asymptomatic escherichia coli (e. coli) and enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) bacteriuria that occurred in 77 rtr ...	2011	21592976
sensitivity to disinfection of bacterial indicator organisms for monitoring the salmonella enteritidis status of layer farms after cleaning and disinfection.	the present study evaluated escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, and enterococcus hirae as potential indicator organisms for the possible salmonella enteritidis (se) presence in layer farms after cleaning and disinfection by comparing their susceptibility to disinfection. a quantitative suspension disinfection test according to european standard en1656 was performed using disinfection products cid20 and virocid (both from cid lines, ieper, belgium). in a preliminary test, the sensitivity to ...	2011	21597057
structure of qnrb1, a plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance factor.	qnrb1 is a plasmid-encoded pentapeptide repeat protein (prp) that confers a moderate degree of resistance to fluoroquinolones. its gene was cloned into an expression vector with an n-terminal polyhistidine tag, and the protein was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. the structure of qnrb1 was determined by a combination of trypsinolysis, surface mutagenesis, and single anomalous dispersion phasing. qnrb1 folds as a right-handed quadrilateral β-helix with a highly asymmetric dimeric struc ...	2011	21597116
microbicidal activities of low frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jets on oral pathogens.	research using low frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jets (lf jet) is becoming increasingly more common. we carried out experiments to evaluate the sterilizing effects of this technology on oral pathogenic microorganisms (s.mutans, c.albicans and e. faecalis) and to determine its potential for clinical application. we performed the direct exposure test on a solid surface, indirect exposure test on a liquid phase, and ros (reactive oxygen species) inhibitory test. the results showed the lf je ...	2011	21597211
pharmacokinetics of free ertapenem in critically ill septic patients: intermittent versus continuous infusion.	background: the aim of this paper was to compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) parameters of continuous (ci) and intermittent infusion (iti) of ertapenem into critically ill patients with severe abdominal infections. methods: twenty septic patients hospitalized in a university hospital intensive care unit were enrolled in the study. half of the patients received ertapenem as an iti 1 g bolus once daily, and the other half of the patients received the same dose via ci over 24 h ...	2011	21597443
impact of medicated feed on the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in integrated pig-fish farms in vietnam.	integrated livestock-fish aquaculture utilizes animal excreta, urine, and feed leftovers as pond fertilizers to enhance growth of plankton and other microorganisms eaten by the fish. however, antimicrobial resistant bacteria may be transferred and develop in the pond due to selective pressure from antimicrobials present in animal feed, urine, and feces. in an experimental pig-fish farm located in peri-urban hanoi, vietnam, nine piglets were provided feed containing 5 μg/kg pig weight/day of tetr ...	2011	21602395
vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium bacteremia successfully treated with high-dose ampicillin-sulbactam in a pediatric patient after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.		2011	21602724
a comprehensive analysis of gene expression changes provoked by bacterial and fungal infection in c. elegans.	while caenorhabditis elegans specifically responds to infection by the up-regulation of certain genes, distinct pathogens trigger the expression of a common set of genes. we applied new methods to conduct a comprehensive and comparative study of the transcriptional response of c. elegans to bacterial and fungal infection. using tiling arrays and/or rna-sequencing, we have characterized the genome-wide transcriptional changes that underlie the host's response to infection by three bacterial (serr ...	2011	21602919
screening of australian plants for antimicrobial activity against campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of acute enteritis in humans, with symptoms such as diarrhoea, fever and abdominal cramps. in this study, 115 extracts from 109 australian plant species were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against two c. jejuni strains using an in vitro broth microdilution assay. among the plants tested, 107 (93%) extracts showed activity at a concentration between 32 and 1024 µg/ml against at least one c. jejuni strain. seventeen plant extracts were ...	2011	21604309
convergent transcription confers a bistable switch in enterococcus faecalis conjugation.	convergent gene pairs with head-to-head configurations are widespread in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and are speculated to be involved in gene regulation. here we present a unique mechanism of gene regulation due to convergent transcription from the antagonistic prgx/prgq operon in enterococcus faecalis controlling conjugative transfer of the antibiotic resistance plasmid pcf10 from donor cells to recipient cells. using mathematical modeling and experimentation, we demonstrate that c ...	2011	21606359
the efficacy of a cervical barrier in preventing microleakage of enterococcus faecalis in endodontically treated teeth.	the clinical failure of coronal restorations can compromise the healthy periapical status of endodontically treated teeth. the purpose of the present ex vivo study was to assess the effectiveness of the cervical barrier in preventing bacterial microleakage in the eventual loss of the coronal restoration. following removal of the smear layer and obturation to the cementoenamel junction using gutta-percha, 70 single-rooted mandibular premolars were randomly divided into five different groups: grou ...	2011	21613029
recognition of pathogenic microbes by the drosophila phagocytic pattern recognition receptor eater.	non-opsonic phagocytosis is a primordial form of pathogen recognition that is mediated by the direct interaction of phagocytic receptors with microbial surfaces. in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, the egf-like repeat containing scavenger receptor eater is expressed by phagocytes and is required to survive infections with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. however, the mechanisms by which this receptor recognizes different types of bacteria are poorly understood. to address this pro ...	2011	21613218
essential oil composition and antibacteral activity of vismia baccifera fruits collected from mérida, venezuela.	the essential oil from the fruits of vismia baccifera triana & planch. (gutttiferae), collected in june 2009, was analyzed by gc/ms. a yield of 0.6% oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. twenty-seven components were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with those in the wiley gc-ms library data base. the major components were trans-cadin-l1,4-diene (36.6%), cis-cadin-1,4-diene (18.8%) and beta-caryophyllene (11.9%). the essential oil showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity a ...	2011	21615035
airway pathogens during the first year after lung transplantation: a single-center experience.	after lung transplantation, a high level of immunosuppression is needed to prevent rejection. this demand renders recipients more sensitive to infections. as pulmonary infections are a major clinical problem during the first postoperative year after lung transplantation, preventive treatment and regular surveillance examinations are needed for immediate, adequate therapy. we describe the airway pathogens registered during the first posttransplantation year among our 12 lung transplant recipients ...	2011	21620113
identification of enterococcus faecalis bacteria resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics in surface waters of the mololoa river in tepic, nayarit, mexico.	heavy metal and antibiotic resistance have been shown to have a strong correlation in nature, and their inter-relation is an important subject of study. we report an analysis of surface waters of the mololoa river in the municipality of tepic, state of nayarit, mexico. this river has two distinctive sources of contamination: sewage waters and trash confinements. our findings demonstrate a correlation between the river flow pattern and resistance to heavy metals or to heavy metals and antibiotics ...	2011	21394435
bacteriophage-mediated transduction of antibiotic resistance in enterococci.	temperate bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that transfer genetic information between bacteria. this phenomenon is known as transduction, and it is important in acquisition of bacterial virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance determinants. the aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of bacteriophages in gene transfer (antibiotic resistance) in enterococci.	2011	21395627
prevalence and epidemiology of microbial pathogens causing bloodstream infections: results of the oasis multicenter study.	beginning on april 2007, a prospective multicenter study was performed to investigate prevalence and epidemiology of microbial pathogens causing bloodstream infections (bsis). twenty microbiology laboratories participated to the survey over a 1-year period. a total of 11,638 episodes of bsi occurred in 11 202 patients, with 8.5% (n=985) of episodes being polymicrobial. of 12 781 causative organisms, aerobic gram-negative bacteria were 47.4% (n=6058), whereas gram-positives accounted for 43.9% (n ...	2011	21396530
association of red complex, a. actinomycetemcomitans and non-oral bacteria with periodontal diseases.	pathogens related to systemic infections have been detected in the periodontal microbiota. the relationship amongst these pathogens, periodontal bacteria and periodontal clinical status is poorly understood. this study evaluated the association amongst red complex, a. actinomycetemcomitans (a.a) and non-oral pathogenic bacteria in subjects with good periodontal health (ph), gingivitis (g), chronic (cp) and aggressive (ap) periodontitis.	2011	21397893
complete genome sequence of the commensal enterococcus faecalis 62, isolated from a healthy norwegian infant.	the genome of enterococcus faecalis 62, a commensal isolate from a healthy norwegian infant, revealed multiple adaptive traits to the gastrointestinal tract (git) environment and the milk-containing diet of breast-fed infants. adaptation to a commensal existence was emphasized by lactose and other carbohydrate metabolism genes within genomic islands, accompanied by the absence of virulence traits.	2011	21398545
development of novel oral formulations prepared via hot melt extrusion for targeted delivery of photosensitizer to the colon.	colon-residing bacteria, such as vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis and bacteroides fragilis, can cause a range of serious clinical infections. photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (pact) may be a novel treatment option for these multidrug resistant organisms. the aim of this study was to formulate a eudragit®-based drug delivery system, via hot melt extrusion (hme), for targeting colonic release of photosensitizer. the susceptibility of e. faecalis and b. fragilis to pact mediated by ...	2011	21375536
antibiotic resistance and virulence factors among enterococci isolated from chouriço, a traditional portuguese dry fermented sausage.	enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms, found as part of the normal intestinal microbiota of many animals. they can be present in food products, for example, the portuguese dry fermented sausage chouriço. twenty enterococci were isolated from chouriço in two processing units; after identification and typification by conventional-molecular methods, the isolates were screened for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. identification allocated all enterococci to the species enterococcus fa ...	2011	21375886
epidemiological features and resistance pattern in uropathogens isolated from chronic bacterial prostatitis.	chronic bacterial prostatitis (cbp) is, usually, caused by uropathogens, especially gram-negative bacilli, although infection is sometimes due to gram-positive and atypical microorganisms. a recent increasing in prevalence of gram-positive strains has been reported. the aim of this study was to explore the epidemiological features and resistance rates in uropathogens isolated from cbp outpatients in last 10 years. all consecutive outpatients with demonstrated cbp attending a single sexually tran ...	2011	21717331
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of lantana camara var. moritziana.	the essential oil obtained from the leaves of lantana camara var. moritziana (otto & dietr.) l+¦pez-palacios collected at rubio, t+íchira state, venezuela, was obtained by hydrodistillation in a clevenger trap (0.1% yield). the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms) on hp gc-ms system, model 5973, identifying 33 compounds (97.1%) of which the major components were germacrene d (31.0%), followed by beta-caryophyllene (14.8%), a-phellandrene (6.7%), limonene (5.7%) and 1, ...	2011	21834251
validation of the z++rich burn-biofilm model.	background: despite advances in the use of topical and parenteral antimicrobial therapy and the practice of early tangential burn-wound excision, bacterial infection remains a major problem in the management of burn victims today. the purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a polyspecies biofilm model with bacteria known to cause severe infections in burn patients. the model is simple to prepare, maintain and analyse, and allows for short-term exposure to antimicrobials. results: initia ...	2011	21724333
[study of marine actinomycetes isolated from the central coast of peru and their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis].	objectives. to determine the antimicrobial potential of marine actinomycetes against drug-resistant pathogens represented by strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre). materials and methods. strains of actinomycetes (29) isolated from marine sediment were evaluated by their characteristics in two culture media and by testing their inhibitory capacity by in vitro antagonism against multi-drug resistant (mdr) pathogenic bacte ...	2011	21845303
identification of the binding modes of n-phenylphthalimides inhibiting bacterial thymidylate synthase through x-ray crystallography screening.	to identify specific bacterial thymidylate synthase (ts) inhibitors, we exploited phenolphthalein (pth), which inhibits both bacterial and human enzymes. the x-ray crystal structure of lactobacillus casei ts (lcts) that binds pth showed multiple binding modes of the inhibitor, which prevented a classical structure-based drug design approach. to overcome this issue, we synthesized two phthalimidic libraries that were tested against ts enzymes and then we performed x-ray crystallographic screening ...	2011	21696158
epidemiologic characteristics of resistant microorganisms present in reserves from an intensive care unit.	in this study, significant contamination in the intensive care unit environment was observed (p < .004). sampling of inanimate surfaces and equipment found vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis, ciprofloxacin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and s epidermidis, and multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii with similarities (60%-80%) to blood culture isolates.	2011	21824685
mechanism of copper surface toxicity in vancomycin-resistant enterococci following wet or dry surface contact.	contaminated touch surfaces have been implicated in the spread of hospital-acquired infections, and the use of biocidal surfaces could help to reduce this cross-contamination. in a previous study we reported the death of aqueous inocula of pathogenic enterococcus faecalis or enterococcus faecium isolates, simulating fomite surface contamination, in 1 h on copper alloys, compared to survival for months on stainless steel. in our current study we observed an even faster kill of over a 6-log reduct ...	2011	21742916
disruption of the alssd operon of enterococcus faecalis impairs growth on pyruvate at low ph.	diacetyl and acetoin are pyruvate-derived metabolites excreted by many micro-organisms, and are important in their physiology. although generation of these four-carbon (c4) compounds in enterococcus faecalis is a well-documented phenotype, little is known about the gene regulation of their biosynthetic pathway and the physiological role of the pathway in this bacterium. in this work, we identified the genes involved in c4 compound biosynthesis in ent. faecalis and report their transcriptional an ...	2011	21719538
growing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis in the region with the highest prevalence of vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.		2011	21828976
crystal structure of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-associated csn2 protein revealed ca2+-dependent double-stranded dna binding activity.	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) and their associated protein genes (cas genes) are widespread in bacteria and archaea. they form a line of rna-based immunity to eradicate invading bacteriophages and malicious plasmids. a key molecular event during this process is the acquisition of new spacers into the crispr loci to guide the selective degradation of the matching foreign genetic elements. csn2 is a nmeni subtype-specific cas gene required for new spacer acquis ...	2011	21697083
high-level fluorescence labeling of gram-positive pathogens.	fluorescence labeling of bacterial pathogens has a broad range of interesting applications including the observation of living bacteria within host cells. we constructed a novel vector based on the e. coli streptococcal shuttle plasmid pat28 that can propagate in numerous bacterial species from different genera. the plasmid harbors a promoterless copy of the green fluorescent variant gene egfp under the control of the camp-factor gene (cfb) promoter of streptococcus agalactiae and was designated ...	2011	21731607
synthesis, antimicrobial activity and possible mechanism of action of 9-bromo-substituted indolizinoquinoline-5,12-dione derivatives.	a series of 9-bromo-substituted indolizinoquinoline-5,12-dione derivatives was synthesized. antimicrobial activity assessment indicates that compounds 1, 26, 27 and 28 exhibit strong activity against gram-positive bacterial strains, including beta-hemolytic streptococcus cmcc32210, staphylococcus aureus atcc25923, staphylococcus epidermidis atcc12228, enterococcus faecalis atcc29212 and methicillin-resistant s.-áaureus atcc43300 (mrsa). compound 27 shows the best anti-mrsa activity with an mic v ...	2011	21839550
efficacy of tigecycline and rifampin alone and in combination against enterococcus faecalis biofilm infection in a rat model of ureteral stent.	background: we investigated the efficacy of tigecycline and rifampin alone or combined in preventing ureteral stent infection due to enterococcus faecalis. materials and methods: the activities of the two antibiotics were previously studied in-ávitro in absence or in presence of biofilm. for in vivo research, the study included a control group without bacterial challenge to-áevaluate the sterility of surgical procedure, a challenged control group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis a ...	2011	21704328
effect of functional yogurt ny-yp901 in improving the trait of metabolic syndrome.	background/objectives:this study was aimed to assess the beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome of functional yogurt ny-yp901 (namyang dairy product co. ltd and nutra r&bt inc., seoul, korea) supplemented with mixture of streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium infantis and extra-ingredients containing bifidobacterium breve (cbg-c2), enterococcus faecalis fk-23, fibersol-2 and so on.subjects/methods:this study was designed as an 8-week randomized, double-blind, pl ...	2011	21697819
streptococcal pharyngitis.		2011	21675907
automated solid phase synthesis of teichoic acids.	this communication describes the first automated solid phase synthesis of teichoic acids (tas) and the preparation by this method of a number of well-defined ta structures, which were probed for their antigenicity. an opsonophagocytic killing assay revealed a clear ta-length-activity relationship and indicated a promising candidate for future vaccine development.	2011	21734985
influence of synthetic peptide inducers on antibacterial activity of enterococci.	antibacterial activity of probiotic enterococci is often related to the production of bacteriocins. there is a variety of enterococcus faecium strains which synthesise one or several enterocins including a, b, p, 96, l50ab and others. in this work we have analysed the probiotic strain e. faecium l3 whose genome contained the genes encoding enterocins ðé, ðæ and a three-component regulatory system. all these genes were found to be expressed in enterococcal strain l3. antimicrobial activity of the ...	2011	21840807
antagonistic effect of lactobacillus strains against gas-producing coliforms isolated from colicky infants.	infantile colic is a common disturb within the first 3 months of life, nevertheless the pathogenesis is incompletely understood and treatment remains an open issue. intestinal gas production is thought to be one of the causes of abdominal discomfort in infants suffering from colic. however, data about the role of the amount of gas produced by infants' colonic microbiota and the correlation with the onset of colic symptoms are scanty. the benefit of supplementation with lactobacilli been recently ...	2011	21718486
characterization of certain bacterial strains for potential use as starter or probiotic cultures in dairy products.	the present work was aimed at characterizing 12 strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) to obtain improved potential starter or probiotic cultures that could be used for making dairy products from ewe's milk and cow's milk. eight strains with antimicrobial properties, isolated from ewe's milk and from cheese made from ewe's and/or cow's milk, were studied. they were identified as enterococcus faecalis (five strains), lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, leuconostoc mesenteroides, and lactobacillus ...	2011	21819671
biofilm growth alters regulation of conjugation by a bacterial pheromone.	conjugation is an important mode of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, enhancing the spread of antibiotic resistance. in clinical settings, biofilms are likely locations for antibiotic resistance transfer events involving nosocomial pathogens such as enterococcus faecalis. here we demonstrate that growth in biofilms alters the induction of conjugation by a sex pheromone in e.ôçâfaecalis. mathematical modelling suggested that a higher plasmid copy number in biofilm cells would enhance a switch ...	2011	21843206
an evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of 3% sodium hypochlorite, high-frequency alternating current and 2% chlorhexidine on enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of 3% sodium hypochlorite (naocl), high-frequency alternating current (hfac) (endox endodontic system), 2% chlorhexidine (chx) in elimination of enterococcus faecalis from experimentally infected root canals, in vitro.	2011	21691496
chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of phthirusa adunca from venezuelan andes.	in this paper, preliminary studies on the chemical characterization of phthirusa adunca meyer essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, is presented. the separation of the components was performed by gc-ms. twenty-three compounds (94.5% of the sample) were identified of which the three major ones (76% of the sample) were beta-phellandrene (38.1%), germacrene d (26.8%) and beta-pinene (11.5%). the essential oil showed a broad spectrum of activity against salmonella typhi cdc 57 (100 microg/ml ...	2011	21834255
positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antigen with pr3 specificity glomerulonephritis in a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis.		2011	21724732
recurrent enterococcal endophthalmitis seeded by an intraocular lens biofilm.	a case of endophthalmitis following uneventful phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (iol) implantation in a 77-year-old diabetic man was culture-positive for enterococcus faecalis. after successful treatment with intravitreal, topical, and systemic antibiotic agents, the infection seemed to clear and the patient achieved a corrected visual acuity of 20/25. four months after the initial presentation, the patient again developed signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis, with reg ...	2011	21700113
tammar wallaby mammary cathelicidins are differentially expressed during lactation and exhibit antimicrobial and cell proliferative activity.	cathelicidins secreted in milk may be central to autocrine feedback in the mammary gland for optimal development in addition to conferring innate immunity to both the mammary gland and the neonate. this study exploits the unique reproductive strategy of the tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii) model to analyse differential splicing of cathelicidin genes and to evaluate the bactericidal activity and effect of the protein on mammary epithelial cell proliferation. two linear peptides, con73 and con218 ...	2011	21824524
pancreatic infections.		2011	21739658
lactic acid bacteria isolated from ethnic preserved meat products of the western himalayas.	we used culture- and molecular-biology-based methods to investigate the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in the ethnic chevon (goat) meat products chartayshya, jamma and arjia of the western himalayas. in six chartayshya, six jamma and four arjia samples, lab were the predominant microbial component involved in the fermentation of these samples, and the total lab population in arjia (7.8-á-¦-á0.1-álog cfu-ág(-1); mean-á-¦-ásd) was significantly higher (p-á<-á0.05) than in chartayshya (6.9 ...	2011	21839380
lower prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci on u.s. conventional poultry farms that transitioned to organic practices.	background: in u.s. conventional poultry production, antimicrobials are used for therapeutic, prophylactic and non-therapeutic purposes. researchers have shown that this can select for antibiotic-resistant commensal and pathogenic bacteria on poultry farms and poultry-derived products. however, no u.s. studies have investigated on-farm changes in resistance as conventional poultry farms transition to organic practices and cease using antibiotics. objective: to evaluate the prevalence of antibiot ...	2011	21827979
adsorption of chlorhexidine on synthetic hydroxyapatite and in vitro biological activity.	the kinetic of chlorhexidine digluconate (chxdg) uptake from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite (ha) was investigated by ultraviolet (uv) analysis performed in ha powder (uv-solid) after the chx adsorption. adsorption isotherm of chlorhexidine (chx) uptake was modeled by a combination of languimir and langmuir-freundlich mechanisms. strong molecule-molecule interactions and positive cooperativity predominated in the surface when chx concentration was above 8.6 ╬╝g(chx)/mg(ha). uv-solid spectra ( ...	2011	21676601
evaluation of the heat-killed and dried cell preparation of enterococcus faecalis against villous atrophy in early-weaned mice and pigs.	early weaning induces villous atrophy in the small intestine (si) of piglets. oral administration of live lactic acid bacteria (lab) can improve villous shortening. in this study, we evaluated the oral administration of a heat-killed and dried cell preparation of enterococcus faecalis (a lab) strain ec-12 against villous atrophy in early-weaned mice (experiment 1) and pigs (experiments 2 and 3). twelve 16-days-old mice were divided into two groups in experiment 1: gavage of ec-12 (10 mg/kg body ...	2011	21729210
detection of volatile compounds produced by microbial growth in urine by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (sift-ms).	selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry has been used to measure the volatile compounds occurring in the headspace of urine samples inoculated with common urinary tract infection (uti)-causing microbes escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, or candida albicans. this technique has the potential to offer rapid and simple diagnosis of the causative agent of utis.	2011	21741416
investigation of the antimicrobial activity of rhaponticum (rhaponticum carthamoides d.c. iljin) and shrubby cinquefoil (potentilla fruticosa l.).	the aim of the study was to determine antimicrobial activity of rhaponticum and shrubby cinquefoil extracts. material and methods. ethanol extract from the leaves of rhaponticum (rhaponticum carthamoides d.c. iljin) and shrubby cinquefoil (potentilla fruticosa l.) was produced at the department of food technology, kaunas university of technology. the antimicrobial activity of the viscous extract or rhaponticum and shrubby cinquefoil was evaluated using standard microorganism cultures (bacteria s ...	2011	21822040
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteraemia and daptomycin: are higher doses necessary?	Background The MIC corresponding to daptomycin susceptibility for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is Ôëñ4 mg/L. Based on the concentration-dependent killing properties of daptomycin, there may be concern about achieving adequate concentrations when the MIC approaches the upper end of the susceptible range (3-4 mg/L). Higher doses of daptomycin may be needed to treat VRE isolates with higher MICs. Methods We conducted a single-centre retrospective chart review of adult cases with VRE bacte ...	2011	21697178
in vitro analysis of the cytotoxicity and the antimicrobial effect of four endodontic sealers.	the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of four different endodontic sealers using human periodontal ligament fibroblast cell proliferation and visual analysis of growth inhibition.	2011	21831282
snp diversity of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium in a south east queensland waterway, australia, and associated antibiotic resistance gene profiles.	enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are associated with faecal pollution of water, linked to swimmer-associated gastroenteritis and demonstrate a wide range of antibiotic resistance. the coomera river is a main water source for the pimpama-coomera watershed and is located in south east queensland, australia, which is used intensively for agriculture and recreational purposes. this study investigated the diversity of e. faecalis and e. faecium using single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp ...	2011	21910889
antibacterial activity of endosequence root repair material and proroot mta against clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis.	endodontic repair materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) are used for various endodontic procedures. an alternative material to mta with purportedly improved handling properties is endosequence root repair material, which is available as premixed putty (esp) or syringeable paste (ess) and is described as possessing antibacterial activity during its setting reaction due to its highly alkaline ph. the aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether esp and ess possess antibacterial ...	2011	22000459
preliminary evaluation of a novel polymer nanocomposite as a root-end filling material.	to evaluate two nanoparticle-enhanced polymer root-end filling materials (nerp1 and nerp2) on the initial apical seal as compared to a polymer-based commercial compomer.	2011	21851366
first report of mefa and msra/msrb multidrug efflux pumps associated with bla(tem-1) β-lactamase in enterococcus faecalis.	enterococcus faecalis is thought to possess a great deal of intrinsic resistance to several antimicrobial agents. in this study we identified ampicillin- and erythromycin-resistant clinical isolates of e. faecalis and sought to identify the resistance mechanisms among these isolates.	2011	22137270
multiple-antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium from cecal contents in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in canada and plasmid colocalization of teto and ermb genes.	this study was conducted to characterize the antimicrobial resistance determinants and investigate plasmid colocalization of tetracycline and macrolide genes in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium from broiler chicken and turkey flocks in canada. a total of 387 e. faecalis and e. faecium isolates were recovered from poultry cecal contents from five processing plants. the percentages of resistant e. faecalis and e. faecium isolates, respectively, were 88.1 and 94% to bacitracin, 0 and ...	2011	22004810
Single center experience of a vancomycin resistant enterococcal endocarditis cohort.	Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) infective endocarditis (IE) is an increasing nosocomial problem. We describe the clinical management and outcomes of a cohort of patients with VRE IE at a tertiary endocarditis referral center.	2011	21920382
WFDC2 is differentially expressed in the mammary gland of the tammar wallaby and provides immune protection to the mammary gland and the developing pouch young.	WAP four disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2) is a four disulfide core (4-DSC) protein secreted in the milk of the tammar wallaby. It is comprised of two 4-DSC domains assigned domain III at the NH2-terminal end and domain II at the COOH-terminal end. The WFDC2 gene was expressed only during pregnancy, early lactation, towards the end of lactation and involution. The WFDC2 protein showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and this acti ...	2011	22024352
antibacterial activity of two mta-based root canal sealers.	to evaluate the ph and antibacterial activity of endo cpm sealer and mta fillapex by two different methods, using white mta and endofill as references for comparison.	2011	21895702
Isolation and Characterization of Enterocin W, a Novel Two-Peptide Lantibiotic Produced by Enterococcus faecalis NKR-4-1.	Enterococcus faecalis NKR-4-1 isolated from Pla-ra produces a novel two-peptide lantibiotic, termed enterocin W, comprising Wa and Wß. The structure of enterocin W exhibited similarity with that of plantaricin W. The two peptides acted synergistically, and their order of binding to the cell membrane was important for their inhibitory activity.	2011	22138996
Clinical Features and Rate of Infective Endocarditis in Non-Faecalis and Non-faecium Enterococcal Bacteremia.	Non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococci are an occasional cause of bacteremia, and some cases of infective endocarditis caused by these pathogens have been reported. However, the rate of infective endocarditis in non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococcal bacteremia is still undetermined. We compared the clinical features and the rate of infective endocarditis of 70 cases of non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococcal bacteremia with those of 65 cases of Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. Non-faeca ...	2011	22111070
coriander (coriandrum sativum l.) essential oil: its antibacterial activity and mode of action evaluated by flow cytometry.	the aim of this work was to study the antibacterial effect of coriander (coriandrum sativum) essential oil against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated using classical microbiological techniques concomitantly with the use of flow cytometry for the evaluation of cellular physiology. our results showed that coriander oil has an effective antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested. also, coriander oil exhibited bactericidal activity against al ...	2011	21862758
first detection of the antiseptic resistance gene qaca/b in enterococcus faecalis.	resistance to disinfectants is well investigated in staphylococci and pseudomonads but nearly unexplored in bacteria of the genus enterococcus, despite their rising significance as nosocomial pathogens. in this study, enterococcus faecalis (n=585) from blood (n=42) and stool (n=109) of hospitalized humans, from faeces of farm animals (n=226), and from food (milk and dairy products, n=96; meat and meat products, n=112) were screened for the presence of qac-genes (qaca, qacb, qacc, smr [qacc+qacd] ...	2011	22017402
Regional spread and control of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in Kyoto, Japan.	The purpose of this investigation was to control the post-outbreak prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the affected Kyoto region. The study period was from 2005 to 2010. Faecal samples were subjected to VRE screening, and vancomycin resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genotype was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of genomic DNA digested with SmaI and by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A VRE control programme was estab ...	2011	21968723
Development of an antibiogram in a long-term care facility.	To create an antibiogram-a profile of an organism's susceptibility/resistance to a panel of antibiotics- for a long-term care facility to assess the prevalence of resistance of bacteria present at the facility.	2011	22079792
microbiological findings in endometrial specimen: our experience.	purpose: collection of an endometrial specimen for investigating infectious agents in the endometrial cavity is an invasive technique that is at times difficult and painful. in order to avoid the need for endometrial sampling in the cases of suspected or evident endometrial pathology, the aim of this study is to investigate the reliability of cervical cultures for detecting infectious agents present at the endometrial level, comparing the results between cervical cultures a ...	2011	22113463
chemical and antidiarrheal studies of plinia cauliflora.	plinia cauliflora (mart.) kausel, widespread in south america, has edible fruits, and its bark is commonly used against diarrhea and other disorders, on account of its astringency. because diarrhea is still one of the most important causes of illness and death among children in developing countries, where the population turns to traditional medicine for its treatment, the present study determined the composition of fruit and leaf extracts of p. cauliflora, analyzed the activity against diarrhea ...	2011	21861716
[high level of aminoglycoside resistance among enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium strains].	enterococcus sp. strains are believed as important reason of serious nosocomial infections currently. these infections are cured by using combination of beta-lactams and aminoglycosides for their treatment. enterococcus sp. resistant to high-level doses of aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and vancomycin are responsible for therapeutic failure. the aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of isolation and susceptibility to antibiotics of hlar enterococcus sp. strains isolated between 2007 and ...	2011	22184904
enhanced antibacterial activity of bimetallic gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles at low silver concentration.	herein we report the development of bimetallic au@ag core-shell nanoparticles (nps) where gold nanoparticles (au nps) served as the seeds for continuous deposition of silver atoms on its surface. the core-shell structure and morphology were examined by uv-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (tem), energy dispersive x-ray (edx) analysis and x-ray diffraction (xrd). the core-shell nps showed antibacterial activity against both gram negative (escherichia coli and pseudomonas aerugino ...	2011	22057130
Bactericidal effects of two parameters of Er:YAG laser intracanal irradiation: ex-vivo study.	The success of endodontic treatment depends on the complete elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system, thus the search for new procedures to eliminate them is justified. The aim of this study was to assess bacterial reduction after intracanal irradiation with the Er:YAG laser. The canals of 70 extracted human maxillary canines were prepared up to file #40 using 1% NaOCl, irrigated with 17% EDTA, and then washed with physiological solution activated by ultrasound. The roots were st ...	2011	22108869