Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| human papillomavirus type 16 and immune status in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women. | human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 is etiologically associated with approximately half of all cervical cancers. it is important, therefore, to determine the characteristics that distinguish hpv16 from other hpv types. a preliminary result based on cross-sectional baseline data in the women's interagency human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) study (wihs) suggested that the prevalence of hpv16 might have a weaker association with immune status in hiv-seropositive women than that of other hpv types. t ... | 2003 | 12865452 |
| preferential nuclear localization of the human papillomavirus type 16 e6 oncoprotein in cervical carcinoma cells. | the e6 protein of the high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is involved in the tumorigenesis of human cervical cells by targeting numerous cellular proteins. we characterized new anti-e6 monoclonal antibodies and used them for precise localization of the e6 oncoprotein within carcinoma cells. overexpressed e6 protein was predominantly detected in the nucleus of transiently transfected hacat cells. while mostly localized at the periphery of condensed chromatin, e6 was also associated wi ... | 2003 | 12867640 |
| prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in rural villages of the bolivian amazon. | cervical cancer constitutes a major health problem in developing countries like bolivia. the roles of certain genotypes of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer is well established. the prevalence of hpv infection among sexually active women varies greatly. information regarding hpv infection in bolivia is very much scarce, specially in regions like the amazonian lowland. we studied 135 healthy women living in four rural localities of the bolivian amazon. presence ... | 2003 | 12870061 |
| findings to date from the ascus-lsil triage study (alts). | controversy exists in the united states regarding the proper evaluation and management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (lsil) and equivocal (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ascus, now asc-us]) cervical cytologic interpretations. to address this issue, the national cancer institute initiated the ascus-lsil triage study (alts). alts is a multicenter, randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate 3 alternative methods of management, namely, immediate colposcopy, ... | 2003 | 12873166 |
| human papillomavirus reporting: minimizing patient and laboratory risk. | risk management efforts in the cytology laboratory must address the gap between what can be achieved with medical history's most effective cancer screening test, the papanicolaou (pap) test, and even higher entrenched public expectations. data from the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus)/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion triage study (alts) now provide level i clinical evidence from a large, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial that reflex human pap ... | 2003 | 12873169 |
| successfully integrating human papillomavirus testing into your practice. | integrating human papillomavirus (hpv) testing into the practice of cervical cancer screening is a continuous process that begins and ends with education. an understanding of the basic science and clinical relevance are critical to proper implementation. one must have knowledge of one's own laboratory statistics, clinician awareness, and market forces before the final steps are taken. additional logistical issues are often laboratory specific or state specific, but are addressed here. | 2003 | 12873172 |
| long-term follow-up of patients treated with recombinant human interferon gamma for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. | the immediate results of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) treatment in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) have been described. however, little is known of the long-term results of this conservative treatment and we aimed to assess them. | 2003 | 12873779 |
| quantitative rt-pcr assay for hpv infection in cultured cells. | early events in the life cycle of the human papillomaviruses (hpv) have been difficult to investigate due to both the scarcity of authentic hpv virions and limitations in assays to detect and quantify nonpermissive infections in monolayer cell culture. we have developed a quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay for the e1( wedge )e4 transcript of hpv-11. this assay is both sensitive, and capable of differentiating between infections caused by a wide range of virus input. the qrt-p ... | 2003 | 12880929 |
| e6/e7 genes of human papilloma virus type 18 induced immortalization of human fetal esophageal epithelium. | to study the role played by human papilloma virus (hpv) in carcinogenesis, immortalized esophageal epithelial cells were induced by e6 and e7 genes of hpv type 18 and the biological behavior was studied. human fetal esophageal epithelial cells were transfected with recombined hpv18e6e7aav and were cultured and passaged in medium m199. in both the 10th passage (shee10) and the 31st passage (shee31), their proliferative rates by flow cytometry and their abilities to grow and form colonies in soft ... | 2003 | 12883719 |
| topical vidarabine or 5-fluorouracil treatment against persistent hpv in genital (pre)cancerous lesions. | in the present study, effectiveness of topical vidarabine or subsequent 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) administration was examined against persistent genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection after local surgery. thirty patients underwent local eradication treatment of uterine cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (cin) and stage ia1 uterine cervical cancers. hpv typing was performed by pcr-rflp analysis. hpv infection was detected pre-operatively in 29 of 30 patients. of these, hpv was still present in ... | 2003 | 12883720 |
| oral immunogenicity of human papillomavirus-like particles expressed in potato. | human papillomavirus-like particles (hpv vlps) have shown considerable promise as a parenteral vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. parenteral vaccines are expensive to produce and deliver, however, and therefore are not optimal for use in resource-poor settings, where most cervical hpv disease occurs. transgenic plants expressing recombinant vaccine immunogens offer an attractive and potentially inexpensive alternative to vaccination by injection. for example ... | 2003 | 12885889 |
| association between high-risk human papillomavirus dna load and precursor lesions of cervical cancer in mexican women. | our objective was to determine the association between viral load of high risk human papilloma virus (hpv) using the hybrid capture ii (hc ii) system and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) lesion stage. | 2003 | 12893192 |
| human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men participating in a dutch gay-cohort study. | to develop strategies for prevention and early treatment of human papillomavirus (hpv) anal and penile cancer, a better understanding of related sexual behavior risk factors is needed. | 2003 | 12897686 |
| [perianal bowen's disease: a case report and review of the literature]. | perianal bowen's disease is a uncommon, slow growing, intraepidermal squamous-cell carcinoma (carcinoma in situ) of the anal region and may be a precursor to squamous carcinoma of the anus. it is associated with cervical and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and have human papillomavirus as a common cause. both sexes and all races are affected, with the highest prevalence in patients aged 20 to 45 years. the symptoms of anal bowen's disease are unspecific and the clinical findings are uncharacter ... | 2003 | 12903534 |
| characterization of the transmembrane channel-like (tmc) gene family: functional clues from hearing loss and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. | mutations of tmc1 cause deafness in humans and mice. tmc1 and a related gene, tmc2, are the founding members of a novel gene family. here we describe six additional tmc paralogs (tmc3 to tmc8) in humans and mice, as well as homologs in other species. cdnas spanning the full length of the predicted open reading frames of the mammalian genes were cloned and sequenced. all are strongly predicted to encode proteins with 6 to 10 transmembrane domains and a novel conserved 120-amino-acid sequence that ... | 2003 | 12906855 |
| characterization of human papillomavirus infection, p53 and ki-67 expression in cervix cancer of mozambican women. | in this study, we aimed at evaluating the distribution of hpv types and the expression of p53 and ki-67 in cervix carcinomas of mozambican women. fourty-seven invasive carcinomas, 10 cin iii, and 10 normal cervix were studied. p53 and ki-67 expression was examined immunohistochemically. hpv infection and hpv types were detected by pcr (gp5+/bio-gp6+) and enzyme-immunoassay, respectively. expression of p53 and ki-67 and detection of hpv were as follows: normal cervix--0%, 10%, and 0%, respectivel ... | 2003 | 12908520 |
| obesity as a potential risk factor for adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix. | hormonal factors may play a more prominent role in cervical adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma. the authors evaluated whether obesity, which can influence hormone levels, was associated with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. | 2003 | 12910527 |
| serologic evidence of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 infections and risk of prostate cancer. | human papillomavirus (hpv) subtypes 16 and 18 are sexually transmitted and have been associated with an increased incidence of several anogenital tumors. although previous epidemiological studies have suggested that sexual behaviors such as an early age at first intercourse and larger numbers of sexual partners are also related to an increased risk of prostate cancer, seroepidemiological studies of these infectious agents in relation to prostate cancer have produced differing results. to further ... | 2003 | 12917208 |
| detection of human papillomavirus type 57 in the tissue of a plantar epidermoid cyst. | plantar epidermoid cysts with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection are not rare in japan. most of them show the cytopathic effect of hpv type 60 - homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. our case presented a plantar epidermoid cyst with vacuolation around the granular cell layer without any features of hpv type 60. in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction followed by dna sequencing analysis revealed an association with hpv type 57. | 2003 | 12920371 |
| human papillomavirus infections and oral tumors. | in the past 20 years, there has been an increasing interest in human papillomaviruses (hpv) because of their potential role in the pathogenesis of malignant tumors. in 1983, we published the first evidence that hpv might be involved in oral squamous cell carcinomas. the identification of morphological similarities between oral and cervical mucosa lead us to this original proposal. in a recent meta-analysis, hpv was indeed confirmed as an independent risk factor for oral carcinoma. to date, total ... | 2003 | 12920585 |
| [non-replicating recombinant vaccinia virus expressing hpv16 e6 and e7 proteins elicits anti-tumor immunity in mice]. | to investigate the anti-tumor immunity of the non-replicating recombinant vaccinia virus expressing hpv16 e6 and e7 proteins. | 2003 | 12921560 |
| comparison of the cd8+ t cell responses and antitumor effects generated by dna vaccine administered through gene gun, biojector, and syringe. | dna vaccines have emerged as an attractive approach for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. we have previously linked mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) to human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e7 in the context of a dna vaccine. vaccination with dna encoding e7/hsp70 has generated a dramatic increase of e7-specific cd8+ t cell precursors and a strong antitumor effect against e7-expressing tumor (tc-1) in vaccinated mice. the success of our strategy has led to two phases ... | 2003 | 12922140 |
| human papillomavirus and risk factors for cervical cancer in chennai, india: a case-control study. | to evaluate the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) and other risk factors in the aetiology of invasive cervical carcinoma (icc), we conducted a hospital-based case-control study in chennai, southern india. a total of 205 icc cases (including 12 adenocarcinomas) and 213 frequency age-matched control women were included. hpv dna in cervical cells was evaluated by means of a polymerase chain-reaction assay. odds ratios (ors) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (cis) were computed by means of ... | 2003 | 12925967 |
| atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in liquid-based cytologic specimens: results of reflex human papillomavirus testing and histologic follow-up in routine practice with comparison of interpretive and probabilistic reporting methods. | human papillomavirus (hpv) dna testing for high-risk types after papanicolaou (pap) smear interpretations of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) is a sensitive method for identifying women who harbor underlying high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil). to the authors' knowledge, the application of hpv testing to ascus smears in routine practice with comparison of probabilistic and interpretive models of cytologic reporting has not been reported. | 2003 | 12925979 |
| is the human papillomavirus a mutual aetiological agent in oral and cervical squamous cell carcinoma? | oncogenic hpv-types are the most important risk factor in cervical ssc and have also been implicated in the aetiology of ossc. this evidence of infection at different anatomical sites suggests systemic susceptibility that implies that different expressions of disease should more or less correlate over long periods of time. | 2003 | 12926099 |
| human papillomavirus and dna ploidy in tonsillar cancer--correlation to prognosis. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is frequently observed in tonsillar cancer. here, tonsillar tumors were examined to see whether dna content varied depending on hpv status, and influenced clinical outcome. | 2003 | 12926119 |
| rt-pcr amplification of rna extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded oral cancer sections: analysis of p53 pathway. | we present a new approach towards the detection of the mrnas in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples using a reverse transcriptase (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the total rnas were extracted from 10-micron-thick sections and were reverse-transcribed, then the rt-products were subjected to pcr amplification of gapdh mrna for screening the mrna degradation. next, nested pcr was performed for examining the expression of p53-related genes, p21waf1, mdm2, p33ing1 and p14arf. gapdh mrna e ... | 2003 | 12926130 |
| rapidly enlarging growth of the proximal nail fold. | squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the nail unit is a rare but often underappreciated neoplasm. treatment can be delayed due to confusion with paronychia and verruca. infection with human papilloma virus (hpv) has been associated with this malignancy. | 2003 | 12930348 |
| solution measurement of dna curvature in papillomavirus e2 binding sites. | 'indirect readout' refers to the proposal that proteins can recognize the intrinsic three-dimensional shape or flexibility of a dna binding sequence apart from direct protein contact with dna base pairs. the differing affinities of human papillomavirus (hpv) e2 proteins for different e2 binding sites have been proposed to reflect indirect readout. dna bending has been observed in x-ray structures of e2 protein-dna complexes. x-ray structures of three different e2 dna binding sites revealed diffe ... | 2003 | 12930964 |
| viruses and the 26s proteasome: hacking into destruction. | the discovery that the human papillomavirus e6 oncoprotein could direct the ubiquitination and degradation of the p53 tumour suppressor at the 26s proteasome was the beginning of a new view on virus-host interactions. a decade later, a plethora of viral proteins have been shown to direct host-cell proteins for proteolytic degradation. these activities are required for various aspects of the virus life-cycle from entry, through replication and enhanced cell survival, to viral release. as with onc ... | 2003 | 12932734 |
| determinants of clearance of human papillomavirus infections in colombian women with normal cytology: a population-based, 5-year follow-up study. | little is known about the factors that influence clearance of human papillomavirus (hpv), the primary cause of cervical carcinoma. a total of 227 women cytologically normal and hpv positive at baseline were identified from a population-based cohort of 1,995 bogota, colombia, women aged 13-85 years followed between 1993 and 2000 (mean follow-up, 5.3 years). hpv dna detection and viral load determination were based on a gp5+/gp6+ polymerase chain reaction enzyme immunoassay. rate ratio estimates f ... | 2003 | 12936904 |
| a p53-dependent, telomere-independent proliferative life span barrier in human astrocytes consistent with the molecular genetics of glioma development. | an in vitro model, based on normal (primary) human astrocytes (nhas), was used to investigate the nature of the selection pressures for events that occur during the progression of astrocyte-derived tumors and, in particular, the potential role of proliferative life span barriers (plbs). as with fibroblasts, nhas senesced with elevated p21(waf1) and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activities. unlike fibroblasts, replicative senescence (m1) occurred much earlier, after approximately 20 pd ... | 2003 | 12941806 |
| are smoking and chlamydial infection risk factors for cin? different results after adjustment for hpv dna and antibodies. | to identify the risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), we reanalysed the data from our previous case-control study by adjusting for human papillomavirus (hpv) antibodies. unlike our previous study based only on hpv dna, smoking and chlamydia trachomatis infection were revealed as significant risk factors for cin after adjustment for hpv antibodies. | 2003 | 12942113 |
| ki-67 immunocytochemistry in liquid based cervical cytology: useful as an adjunctive tool? | to test the ability of ki-67 to detect cytological lesions in a screening setting and its use as a surrogate marker of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. | 2003 | 12944552 |
| risk of invasive cancer of the cervix in relation to the use of injectable progestogen contraceptives and combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptives (south africa). | cervical cancer is caused by specific types of the human papilloma virus (hpv), but not all infected women develop cancer. it has been hypothesized that hormonal contraceptives may potentiate the oncogenicity of hpv infection. | 2003 | 12946044 |
| decreased expression of human papillomavirus e2 protein and transforming growth factor-beta1 in human cervical neoplasia as an early marker in carcinogenesis. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is thought to be one of the possible causative factors in cervical carcinogenesis, and cervical carcinoma cells are refractory to tumor transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta1. the purpose of this study is to investigate the possible cause-effect association between hpv and tgf-beta1 during cervical tumorigenesis. | 2003 | 12949986 |
| evidence for at least three alternative mechanisms targeting the p16ink4a/cyclin d/rb pathway in penile carcinoma, one of which is mediated by high-risk human papillomavirus. | a comprehensive analysis of 53 penile carcinomas was performed to determine which mechanisms might be involved in the disruption of the p16(ink4a)/cyclin d/rb pathway. to that end, human papillomavirus (hpv) presence, p16(ink4a) expression and promoter methylation, and expression of the bmi-1 polycomb gene product were studied. sixteen (30%) of the carcinomas were found to harbour high-risk hpv dna, 15 of which contained hpv 16. hpv 16 e6/e7 oncogene transcripts were detected in 13 (87%) of the ... | 2003 | 12950023 |
| role of hpv dna testing in predicting cervical intraepithelial lesions: comparison of hc hpv and ish hpv. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is widely accepted as the primary agent involved in the development of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma. several commercial tests are available for detecting hpv dna. this study compares the efficacy of inform hpv (in situ hybridization [ish] hpv) and hcii (hc hpv) in predicting cervical lesions. a total of 762 sequential papanicolaou (pap) smears determined by cytologic examination to be either atypical squamous cells of undetermined significa ... | 2003 | 12951683 |
| the clinician's view: role of human papillomavirus testing in the american society for colposcopy and cervical pathology guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cytology and cervical cancer precursors. | the american society for colposcopy and cervical pathology (asccp) national consensus conference for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities and cervical cancer precursors was held on the national institutes of health campus in bethesda, md, september 6-8, 2001. the conference was attended by 121 representatives from 29 national organizations interested in cervical cancer screening issues. for the first time, guidelines for the management of women with abnormal cervical c ... | 2003 | 12952506 |
| association of gp91phox homolog nox1 with anchorage-independent growth and map kinase-activation of transformed human keratinocytes. | among five members of the nadph oxidase (nox) family, nox1 confers mitogenic properties and is implicated to participate in the process of cell transformation. we have established two phenotypes of carcinogenesis model by ethanol treatment of human gingival keratinocytes immortalized with e6/e7 oncogenes of human papillomavirus type16: immortalized (epi) nontransformed cells with epithelium-like morphology and more advanced transformed (fib) cells with spindle fibroblastic-shape morphology. fib ... | 2003 | 12955083 |
| adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: the presence of human papillomavirus and the method of detection. | effective screening programs have contributed to a decrease in the incidence of cervical squamous cell carcinomas but have had a limited sensitivity in the detection of adenocarcinoma precursor lesions. the aim of our study was to analyze cervical adenocarcinoma in greater detail: symptoms preceding the detection, the method of detection and the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) with respect to age at diagnosis. | 2003 | 12956848 |
| pyrazoloacridine is active in multidrug-resistant neuroblastoma cell lines with nonfunctional p53. | the purpose of this study was to determine the activity of pyrazoloacridine (pza) in neuroblastomas that have acquired high-level resistance to multiple drugs (not associated with multidrug resistance-associated protein or p-glycoprotein) during therapy, including those with loss of p53 function. | 2003 | 12960142 |
| oridonin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of a variety of human cancer cells. | pc-spes is an eight herbal mixture that was shown to have activity against prostate cancer. recently, we purified oridonin from rabdosia rubescens, one component of pc-spes, by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the ability of oridonin to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells was examined by mtt assay. oridonin effectively inhibited the proliferation of a wide variety of cancer cells including those from prostate (lncap, du145, pc3), breast (mcf-7, mda-mb231), non-small cell lung ... | 2003 | 12964003 |
| hpv infection and number of lifetime sexual partners are strong predictors for 'natural' regression of cin 2 and 3. | the aim of this paper was to evaluate the factors that predict regression of untreated cin 2 and 3. a total of 93 patients with colposcopic persistent cin 2 and 3 lesions after biopsy were followed for 6 months. human papillomavirus (hpv) types were determined by polymerase chain reaction at enrolment. we analysed the biologic and demographic predictors of natural regression using univariate and multivariate methods. the overall regression rate was 52% (48 out of 93), including 58% (22 out of 38 ... | 2003 | 12966426 |
| mrna splicing regulates human papillomavirus type 11 e1 protein production and dna replication. | the papillomavirus replicative helicase e1 and the origin recognition protein e2 are required for efficient viral dna replication. we fused the green fluorescent protein (gfp) to the human papillomavirus type 11 e1 protein either in a plasmid with the e1 coding region alone (nucleotides [nt] 832 to 2781) (pgfp-11e1) or in a plasmid containing both the e1 and e2 regions (nt 2723 to 3826) and the viral origin of replication (ori) (p11rc). the former supported transient replication of an ori plasmi ... | 2003 | 12970406 |
| direct activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by human papillomavirus e7. | addition of human papillomavirus (hpv) e7 cdk2/cyclin a or cdk2/cyclin e, purified from either insect cells or bacteria, dramatically upregulates histone h1 kinase activity. activation is substrate specific, with a smaller effect noted for retinoblastoma protein (rb). the cdk2 stimulatory activity is equivalent in high-risk (hpv type 16 [hpv16] and hpv31) and low-risk (hpv6b) e7. mutational analyses of hpv16 e7 indicate that the major activity resides in amino acids 9 to 38, spanning cr1 and cr2 ... | 2003 | 12970441 |
| interaction between the hpv e7 oncoprotein and the transcriptional coactivator p300. | infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpv) can lead to the development of cervical cancer. this process depends on the interaction of the virus-encoded oncoproteins, e6 and e7, with a variety of host regulatory proteins. as e7 shares both functional and structural similarities with the adenovirus e1a (ad e1a) protein, we were interested in investigating the possible interactions between e7 and the transcriptional coactivator p300, since it was originally identified as a target of ad e ... | 2003 | 12970734 |
| x chromosome inactivation in cervical cancer patients. | development of cervical carcinomas is strongly associated with presence of human papilloma virus (hpv). recently we found that young patients with breast cancer had a higher frequency of skewed x inactivation in peripheral blood cells, indicating an effect of x-linked genes on breast cancer development. in this study, we investigated the frequency of skewed x-inactivation pattern in blood and tumor biopsies from patients with cervical cancer. no difference in the frequency of skewed x inactivati ... | 2003 | 14499700 |
| [screening and therapy of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain) and anal carcinoma in patients with hiv-infection]. | anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain) is a potential precursor of invasive anal carcinoma. introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in the treatment of hiv infection substantially reduced the incidence of some diseases associated with opportunistic viral infections. however, the incidence of ain is reported to increase and haart seems to have only little impact on the regression or progression of ain. paradoxically, improvement of survival in the haart era results in an increa ... | 2003 | 14502448 |
| prostate cancer risk and serologic evidence of human papilloma virus infection: a population-based case-control study. | epidemiological evidence is accumulating that sexual history may be associated with prostate cancer, and some studies have suggested a relation between human papilloma virus (hpv) infections and prostate cancer. we measured the presence of antibodies to the major oncogenic hpv types 16, 18, and 33 among 238 subjects with untreated prostate cancer and 210 population-based control subjects. odds ratios (ors) were estimated from multivariate logistic regression models, controlling for age and hpv t ... | 2003 | 14504197 |
| lifestyle and cancer: effect of widowhood and divorce. | limited data are available on the possible changes in cancer risk brought about by widowhood and divorce, an increasing segment of the population. we calculated standardized incidence ratios (sirs) for cancer among 47,000 widows/widowers and 60,000 divorced people, based on the swedish family-cancer database. persons had to be identified with the same civil status in the census of years 1960 and 1970; the comparison group was married people according to the same censuses. cancers were followed f ... | 2003 | 14504201 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a peptide containing the cross-neutralization epitope of hpv16 l2 administered nasally in healthy volunteers. | amino acid (aa) 108-120 of l2 protein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 contains a cross-neutralization epitope against genital hpv. we designed a placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide consisting of the aa 108-120 of hpv16 l2 (l2-108/120) region. a total of 13 volunteers were given nasal inoculations with 0.1 (n=5) or 0.5mg (n=5) doses of the peptides or placebo (n=3) without adjuvant at weeks 0, 4, and 12. sera were colle ... | 2003 | 14505907 |
| a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas exhibits integration of hpv 16/18 dna and overexpression of p16ink4a and p53 in the absence of mutations in p53 exons 5-8. | besides well-known risk factors such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption, oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infection also has recently been suggested to promote head and neck tumorigenesis. hpv is known to cause cancer by inactivation of cell cycle regulators p53 and prb via expression of viral oncoproteins e6 and e7. this indicates that p53 mutations are not a prerequisite in hpv-induced tumor development. however, discrepancy exists with respect to the frequency of head and neck squamou ... | 2003 | 14506739 |
| prevalence and physical status of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. | fresh-frozen biopsies were obtained from 61 patients at diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (hnscc) for study of the prevalence and physical status of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. the frequency of hpv dna and genotypes were determined by spf10 pcr screening with a general probe hybridization and inno-lipa hpv genotyping assay. in addition, a single-phase pcr with primers fap 59/64 and a nested pcr with primers cp 65/70 and cp 66/69 served to detect particularly cutaneous ... | 2003 | 14506740 |
| human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 l1 protein peptide binding to vero and hela cells inhibits their vlps binding. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are the cause of epithelial lesions, hpv type 16 and type 18 being associated with the development of anogenital cancer. the l1 major capsid protein (l1) represents about 90% of total hpv protein and is involved in virus-host cell interaction, but little is known about this binding process. l1 sequences from hpv types 16 and 18 were synthesized in 56 20-mer peptides, covering the entire protein, hplc-purified, (125)i-radiolabeled and tested in vero and hela cell-bin ... | 2003 | 14506742 |
| genetic analysis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas arising from different areas. | although cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (scc) occur most frequently in sun-exposed areas of the skin, they can also arise in non-sun-exposed areas. some risk factors for cutaneous scc, such as ultraviolet (uv) light, are well known. however, the major factor for carcinogenesis may depend on the site of the tumor as well as the ethnicity of the patient. in this study we examined 41 japanese cutaneous scc cases, focusing on the area of appearance and the presence of genetic alteration, with 27 ... | 2003 | 14507317 |
| augmentation of dna vaccine potency through secretory heat shock protein-mediated antigen targeting. | in an effort to enhance the potency of dna vaccines, we have developed a new strategy to increase antigen presentation by dendritic cells, one that results in markedly improved cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses, antibody production, and antitumor effects in vivo. here, we present the rationale and design of a vaccine encoding a secreted antigen-heat shock protein 70 fusion molecule, targeted to the mhc class i cross-presentation pathway of dendritic cells. using the human papilloma virus 16 e7 pr ... | 2003 | 14511955 |
| human papillomavirus and grzybowski's generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma. | 2003 | 14512942 | |
| differential deletions of chromosome 3p are associated with the development of uterine cervical carcinoma in indian patients. | deletions in chromosome 3 occur frequently in uterine cervical carcinoma (ca-cx). the common consensus regions deleted during ca-cx development are not well defined, and have not been correlated with tumour progression. | 2003 | 14514919 |
| dissection of human papillomavirus type 33 l2 domains involved in nuclear domains (nd) 10 homing and reorganization. | we have recently shown that the minor capsid protein l2 of human papillomavirus type 33 (hpv33) recruits the transcriptional repressor daxx into nuclear domains (nd) 10 and causes the loss of the transcriptional activator sp100 from these subnuclear structures. in order to dissect l2 domains involved in nuclear translocation, nd10 homing, loss of sp100, and recruitment of daxx, a detailed deletion mutagenesis of l2 was performed. using immunofluorescence and green fluorescent protein fusions, we ... | 2003 | 14517069 |
| the adeno-associated virus major regulatory protein rep78-c-jun-dna motif complex modulates ap-1 activity. | multiple epidemiologic studies show that adeno-associated virus (aav) is negatively associated with cervical cancer (cx ca), a cancer which is positively associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. mechanisms for this correlation may be by rep78's (aav's major regulatory protein) ability to bind the hpv-16 p97 promoter dna and inhibit transcription, to bind and interfere with the functions of the e7 oncoprotein of hpv-16, and to bind a variety of hpv-important cellular transcription fa ... | 2003 | 14517094 |
| immunological and clinical responses in women with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia vaccinated with a vaccinia virus encoding human papillomavirus 16/18 oncoproteins. | this study assessed the immunological and clinical responses of women with human papillomavirus (hpv) 16-associated high-grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (vin) vaccinated with ta-hpv, a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding modified hpv 16 and 18 e6 and e7. eighteen women with hpv 16-positive high-grade vin were vaccinated with ta-hpv. the extent of their baseline disease was compared after 24 weeks by lesion measurements and histological analysis. viral load was assessed pre- and postvaccin ... | 2003 | 14522932 |
| hpv testing can reduce the number of follow-up visits in women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3. | we evaluated high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) testing by hybrid capture ii (hc ii) in addition to cytology to predict recurrent/residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) 2/3 and cervical cancer in women treated for cin 3. | 2003 | 14529664 |
| boosting with recombinant vaccinia increases hpv-16 e7-specific t cell precursor frequencies and antitumor effects of hpv-16 e7-expressing sindbis virus replicon particles. | immunotherapy using the heterologous prime-boost regimen has emerged as an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific t-cell-mediated immune responses against tumors and infectious diseases. we have previously linked the mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) to the hpv-16 e7 antigen creating a chimera, e7/hsp70. we found that nucleic acid vaccines encoding e7/hsp70 can generate strong antitumor immunity. recently, replication-defective sindbis virus replicon particle ... | 2003 | 14529828 |
| enhanced effector and memory ctl responses generated by incorporation of receptor activator of nf-kappa b (rank)/rank ligand costimulatory molecules into dendritic cell immunogens expressing a human tumor-specific antigen. | the outcome of dendritic cell (dc) presentation of ag to t cells via the tcr/mhc synapse is determined by second signaling through cd80/86 and, importantly, by ligation of costimulatory ligands and receptors located at the dc and t cell surfaces. downstream signaling triggered by costimulatory molecule ligation results in reciprocal dc and t cell activation and survival, which predisposes to enhanced t cell-mediated immune responses. in this study, we used adenoviral vectors to express a model t ... | 2003 | 14530334 |
| human papillomavirus in a 16th century mummy. | 2003 | 14550719 | |
| lower airway papillomatosis in children. | laryngeal papilloma in children is a frequent disease caused by human papilloma virus (hpv) type 6 or type 11. this disease has a tendency to recur and the changes are histologically benign. in some cases papilloma may affect the lower levels of the respiratory tract. in this study, among 90 patients treated for laryngeal papillomatosis, in four children papilloma of trachea, bronchi and lung tissue were detected in endoscopic and radiological examination. this constitutes 4.4% of all patients. ... | 2003 | 14550967 |
| differential deletions in 3p are associated with the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in indian patients. | in this study we performed detailed deletion mapping of two broad regions in the short arm (p) of chromosome 3 (i.e., 3p21.2 approximately p22 and 3p12 approximately p13), which were shown to have a high rate of deletions in head and neck lesions in our previous study. using 18 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, the deletion mapping was done in 35 dysplastic lesions and 46 primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) samples from indian patients. within the 21.6-megabase (mb) re ... | 2003 | 14553947 |
| human papillomavirus type 59 immortalized keratinocytes express late viral proteins and infectious virus after calcium stimulation. | human papillomavirus type 59 (hpv 59) is an oncogenic type related to hpv 18. hpv 59 was recently propagated in the athymic mouse xenograft system. a continuous keratinocyte cell line infected with hpv 59 was created from a foreskin xenograft grown in an athymic mouse. cells were cultured beyond passage 50. the cells were highly pleomorphic, containing numerous abnormally shaped nuclei and mitotic figures. hpv 59 sequences were detected in the cells by dna in situ hybridization in a diffuse nucl ... | 2003 | 14554084 |
| identification of a human papillomavirus type 16-specific epitope on the c-terminal arm of the major capsid protein l1. | to characterize epitopes on human papillomavirus (hpv) virus-like particles (vlps), a panel of mutated hpv-16 vlps was created. each mutated vlp had residues substituted from hpv-31 or hpv-52 l1 sequences to the hpv-16 l1 backbone. mutations were created on the hpv-31 and -52 l1 proteins to determine if hpv-16 type-specific recognition could be transferred. correct folding of the mutated proteins was verified by resistance to trypsin digestion and by binding to one or more conformation-dependent ... | 2003 | 14557648 |
| [value of acetic acid smear test for cervical cancer screening]. | at present, the incidence of cervical cancer is still high in less developed areas of china; one of the reasons is that cytology in screening for cervical cancer is not feasible in these areas. the aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of acetic acid smear test as a cervical cancer screening test, and evaluate the value of this method for cervical cancer screening. | 2003 | 14558960 |
| the fidelity of hpv16 e1/e2-mediated dna replication. | human papillomaviruses (hpv) are causative agents in a variety of human diseases; for example over 99% of cervical carcinomas contain hpv dna sequences. often in cervical carcinoma the hpv genome is integrated into the host genome resulting in unregulated expression of the viral transforming proteins e6 and e7. therefore viral integration is a step toward hpv-induced carcinogenesis. integration of the hpv genome could occur following double-strand dna breaks that could arise during viral dna rep ... | 2003 | 14559922 |
| efficiency of the hybrid capture 2 hpv dna test in cervical cancer screening. a study by the french society of clinical cytology. | the aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of the hybrid capture 2 (hc2; digene, gaithersburg, md) human papillomavirus (hpv) assay for the detection of cervical neoplasia. of the 1,785 patients recruited, 462 (25.88%) were referred for colposcopy owing to previously detected cytologic abnormalities, and 1,323 (74.12%) were voluntary candidates for screening. for all patients, a papanicolaou smear and a monolayer smear (thinprep, cytyc, boxborough, ma) were done. hpv dna was detected ... | 2003 | 14560561 |
| preferential integration of human papillomavirus type 18 near the c-myc locus in cervical carcinoma. | the development of cervical cancer is highly associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. greater than 99% of all cervical tumors contain hpv dna. integration of high-risk hpv has been temporally associated with the acquisition of a malignant phenotype. recent work from our lab has shown that hpv16, the most common high-risk hpv associated with cervical carcinoma, preferentially integrates at loci containing human common fragile sites (cfss). cfss are regions of genomic instability that ... | 2003 | 14562053 |
| monoclonal expansion with integration of high-risk type human papillomaviruses is an initial step for cervical carcinogenesis: association of clonal status and human papillomavirus infection with clinical outcome in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. | to define the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) as related to clonal status, we evaluated 20 cases of cin1 and 18 cases of cin2 that had been clinically followed for 7 to 48 months at osaka university hospital. these included 10 cases that progressed, 15 cases that persisted, and 13 cases that regressed. we analyzed the clonal status of each case by analysis of the pattern of x-chromosomal inactivation. human papillomavirus (hpv) infection was detected by pcr-rflp analy ... | 2003 | 14563953 |
| human papillomavirus infection of the epididymis and ductus deferens: an evaluation by nested polymerase chain reaction. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) play an important role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. the possible role of the male urogenital tract as a reservoir of hpv infection is not fully understood. we inferred from our previous observation of hpv-31 in epididymal tissue in a case of chronic epididymitis that hpv might be commonly present in cases of epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. | 2003 | 14567721 |
| epstein-barr virus detected in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line derived from an immunocompromised patient. | dna tumor viruses potentially play a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (scchn). human papillomavirus is found in up to 50% of scchn specimens, and epstein-barr virus (ebv) has been detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, burkitt lymphoma, and other lymphomas. however, the role of ebv in nonnasopharyngeal scchn has not been thoroughly investigated. | 2003 | 14568799 |
| il-10 mediates suppression of the cd8 t cell ifn-gamma response to a novel viral epitope in a primed host. | priming to ag can inhibit subsequent induction of an immune response to a new epitope incorporated into that ag, a phenomenon referred to as original antigenic sin. in this study, we show that prior immunity to a virus capsid can inhibit subsequent induction of the ifn-gamma effector t cell response to a novel cd8-restricted antigenic epitope associated with the virus capsid. inhibition does not involve ab to the virus capsid, as it is observed in animals lacking b cells. cd8-restricted virus-sp ... | 2003 | 14568953 |
| increased expression of the huntingtin interacting protein-1 gene in cells from hutchinson gilford syndrome (progeria) patients and aged donors. | hutchinson gilford syndrome (progeria [pg]) is a human disease associated with accelerated aging. to elucidate the acceleration mechanism, we first tried to transform a pg-derived cell line by infection of a recombinant adenovirus expressing hpv (human papilloma virus)-e6 and hpv-e7 genes. the transfected pg cells had a greater number of population doublings (pd) (>80), faster doubling time, and less staining of senescence-associated ss-galactosidase than the nontransfected pg cells. the transfe ... | 2003 | 14570852 |
| [contribution of high risk human papillomavirus testing to the management of premalignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix]. | high risk human papillomaviruses (hr-hpv) are consistently associated with premalignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix. thus, the use of molecular techniques to detect hpv has been proposed to improve the results of conventional diagnostic strategies. in the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of the detection of hr-hpv in a cervical pathology unit. | 2003 | 14572367 |
| identification and characterization of a cluster of transcription start sites located in the e6 orf of human papillomavirus type 16. | human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is the prototype strain among the malignant types of hpv in the western world. the main promoter, p97, located in front of the e6 orf, has been shown to control expression of the oncogenes e6 and e7. these oncogenes are expressed continuously in hpv-16-transformed cells. in contrast to malignant hpv types, non-malignant hpv types have separate promoters driving the expression of e6 and e7. experiments have shown that the translation of e7 is more efficient f ... | 2003 | 14573795 |
| the regulatory e2 proteins of human genital papillomaviruses are pro-apoptotic. | cervical carcinomas are frequently associated with infection by human papillomaviruses (hpvs). these viruses encode two oncogenes e6 and e7, which promote cell proliferation and immortalization. the viral e2 protein represses transcription of the e6/e7 oncogenes and activates viral dna replication together with the viral e1 helicase. the e2 protein is specifically inactivated in hpv18-associated carcinoma, suggesting that it may prevent carcinogenic progression. indeed, e2 was shown to exhibit a ... | 2003 | 14585548 |
| re: "genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students". | 2003 | 14585772 | |
| toward a reduction of the global burden of cervical cancer. | of the 190,000 deaths from cervical cancer that occur annually worldwide, the majority take place in developing countries. recent advances in our understanding of the causes and natural history of cervical neoplasia and, in particular, the establishment of the central role of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection have created opportunities for the primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer. in the future, prevention efforts will include the incorporation of hpv testing as an adjunct to ... | 2003 | 14586318 |
| replication and interaction of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus in differentiating host epithelial tissue. | we have investigated the interactions and consequences of superinfecting and coreplication of human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) in human epithelial organotypic (raft) culture tissues. in hpv-positive tissues, hsv infection and replication induced significant cytopathic effects (cpe), but the tissues were able to recover and maintain a certain degree of tissue integrity and architecture. hpv31b not only maintained the episomal state of its genomic dna but also maintained i ... | 2003 | 14592758 |
| non-hiv antivirals - a review of the recent patent literature. | this review covers the non-hiv antiviral patent literature from december 2001 to april 2002. most of the patent applications describe new compounds for the treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) by inhibition of the ns3 serine protease. several examples of both nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors of the hcv polymerase ns5b have been reported. hepatitis b virus (hbv) therapy continues to be dominated by nucleoside analogs, but several non-nucleoside hbv polymerase inhibitors have also been rep ... | 2002 | 12802698 |
| role of the vaginal microbiological ecosystem and cytokine profile in the promotion of cervical dysplasia: a case-control study. | to identify alterations in the cytokine profile and microbial ecosystem of the vagina in association with cervical dysplasia. | 2002 | 12648311 |
| [presence of human papillomavirus in malignant oral lesions]. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus 6/11 and 16/18 in patients, with oral lesions clinically diagnosed as leucoplakia, attending the school of dentistry, university of são paulo state/unesp, brazil. after paraffin embedded process, in the sections staining with h&e, 30 biopsies were screened and separated on 3 groups: 10 oral lesions without dysplasia, 10 with dysplasia, and 10 with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. the lesions with dysplasia were ... | 2002 | 12621661 |
| the prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer in iran. | background: the human papiloma virus (hpv), which is sexually transmitted, and most commonly causes genital warts, has been linked to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma. of ninety plus types of hpv, hpv-16 is the most prevalent in cervical cancer, followed by hpv-18, and hpv-33. as hpv's implication has not been assessed in the middle east the main focus of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of hpv -16,18, and 33 in cases of cervical cancer from iran. ... | 2002 | 12718611 |
| [frequency of hpv infection of the uterine cervix among perimenopausal women in wielkopolska region]. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is one of the main causes of cervical neoplasia. there is now consistent evidence that human papillomavirus (hpv) has a causal role in the etiology of cervical cancer and that sexual habits and reproductive/hormonal factors are associated with the risk of invasive cervical cancer. in our investigation we estimated the frequency of hpv infection in uterine cervix in women gathered in perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups. | 2002 | 12722378 |
| [express of human papillomavirus, p53 and h-ras gene in laryngeal cancer] | objective: to study the abnormality of p53 and h-ras gene in laryngeal cancer cells and their relation to the infection of human papillomavirus(hpv) subtypes. methods: the hpv subtypes, p53 and h-ras gene were examined in 28 cases of laryngeal cancer by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), single strand conformation polymorphism(sscp), restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequencing. results: p53 gene mutation existed in 50%cases of laryngeal cancer and dna sequencing showed base ... | 2002 | 12601899 |
| involvement of herpes simplex type 2 in modulation of gene expression of human papillomavirus type 18. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) can establish latent or persistent infections in the host, and are involved in the aetiology of benign and/or malignant lesions of the urogenital tract. to investigate the putative interaction between these dna viruses when a double infection occurs, we have studied the effect of hsv-2 infection in hela 229 cells containing 10-50 copies of hpv type 18 genomic dna. twenty hours post hsv-2 infection, the analysis of mrna transcr ... | 2002 | 12593789 |
| clinical evaluation of a new model of self-obtained method for the assessment of genital human papilloma virus infection in an underserved population. | we designed a self-sampling method to collect exfoliated genital cells for human papilloma virus (hpv) detection. the aim was to assess whether it was suitable as an assistant tool for the early detection of cervical pre-cancer and cancer in a special category of the women who are not frequently screened for cervical cancer. | 2002 | 12518778 |
| characteristics of clear cells and toker cells in the epidermis of underlying nipple duct adenoma. | clinically, it is difficult to differentiate between nipple duct adenomas (ndas) and paget's disease of the nipple. these lesions share similar morphological and histological characteristics. clear cell types present in nda, epidermal clear cells (ecc) and toker cells (tc), share immunoreactive similarities to paget cells which can lead to confusion in classification. the aim of this study was to obtain information on the characteristics and histogenesis of ecc and tc, to distinguish these cells ... | 2002 | 12552978 |
| peptide aptamers: exchange of the thioredoxin-a scaffold by alternative platform proteins and its influence on target protein binding. | peptide aptamers have emerged as powerful new tools for molecular medicine. they can specifically bind to and functionally inactivate a given target molecule under intracellular conditions. typically, peptide aptamers are generated by screening a randomized peptide expression library, displayed from the escherichia coli thioredoxin a (trxa) protein. here, we transferred peptide moieties from defined trxa-based peptide aptamers to alternative scaffold proteins, such as the green fluorescent prote ... | 2002 | 12530529 |
| p53 codon 72 polymorphism and susceptibility to development of human papilloma virus-associated cervical cancer in indian women. | infection with human papilloma virus (hpv) is an important etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer and it has been proposed that individuals homozygous for arg/arg at codon-72 of p53 are seven times more susceptible to hpv-mediated cancer. in this study, we have analyzed the genetic predisposition of the india population to hpv infection and cervical carcinogenesis. | 2002 | 12534455 |
| [genomic alterations in preneoplastic lesions]. | the genomic alterations in preneoplastic lesions are summarized in this review. 3p and 9p in the lung, 9p in the bladder, 8p in the prostata, 19q and 1p in oligodendroglioma, and 22q in meningioma were reported to be deleted. somatic mutation of p53 was found in preneoplastic lesions of the esophagus, stomach, colon, thyroid, and astrocytoma. adenoma-carcinoma sequence (apc, ras, p53 gene alterations) in colon, lkb1 gene in peutz-jeghers syndrome, smad4 in juvenile polyposis, hmsh2, hmlh1, pms1, ... | 2002 | 12506466 |
| human papillomavirus infections and risks of cervical cancer: what do women know? | human papillomavirus (hpv) is now known to be a risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. this study examines women's knowledge of cervical screening and dysplasia and hpv. the entire female work force of a medium-sized uk university received a questionnaire concerning knowledge of cervical screening, treatment for abnormalities and hpv. four hundred women returned completed questionnaires. knowledge of early cervical cancer detection and screening methods was good. however, risk facto ... | 2002 | 12507346 |
| biotinyl-tyramide-based in situ hybridization signal patterns distinguish human papillomavirus type and grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. | in this study, the prevalence of human papillomavirus integration in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades i, ii, and iii has been investigated using a highly sensitive biotinyl-tyramide-based in situ hybridization methodology. this method is able to demonstrate integrated viral dna by punctate signals within the nucleus and episomal viral dna by a diffuse signal throughout the nucleus. fifteen viral types were identified by general primer 5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction assay among 26 grade ... | 2002 | 12481016 |
| interaction of human papillomavirus type 16 l2 with cellular proteins: identification of novel nuclear body-associated proteins. | two structural proteins form the papillomavirus (pv) capsids. while the functions of the major structural protein l1 are well established, the exact functions for the minor structural protein l2 are much less well defined, except for some information on a role in viral entry and maturation of infectious virions. to gain more insight in the function of l2 we used the yeast two hybrid system with the human papillomavirus (hpv) 11 l2 and hpv16 l2 as bait proteins to isolate putative cellular intera ... | 2002 | 12482659 |