Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| cell mediated immunity to foot and mouth disease virus vaccine in buffaloes. | 1987 | 2831140 | |
| detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a sensitive, rapid and reliable technique for primary diagnosis. | a highly sensitive indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suitable for adoption as the routine diagnostic and typing test for foot-and-mouth disease virus of all seven serotypes is described. the assay uses rabbit and guinea pig antisera raised against inactivated 146s virus antigens. strong homotypic and minimal heterotypic reactions with both whole virion 146s and derived virion subunit 12s antigens achieved a detection sensitivity approximately 125 times that of the complement fi ... | 1987 | 2825310 |
| immunoglobulin profiles in nasal and buccal secretions from normal crossbred calves after vaccination with inactivated virus and/or experimental exposure to foot-and-mouth disease virus type asia i. | 1987 | 2827446 | |
| use of outer membrane protein phoe as a carrier for the transport of a foreign antigenic determinant to the cell surface of escherichia coli k-12. | phoe protein is an abundant transmembrane protein from the escherichia coli k-12 outer membrane. a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to an antigenic determinant of the c-terminal part of the vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus was inserted into the phoe gene in an area corresponding to a cell surface-exposed region of the phoe protein. the level of expression of the hybrid protein was normal and the protein was incorporated into the outer membrane. the vp1-epitope was exposed ... | 1987 | 2449378 |
| [immunologic relations between the foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates a5 westerwald 1951 and a5 bernbeuren 1984]. | 1987 | 2820373 | |
| potential secondary and tertiary structure in the genomic rna of foot and mouth disease virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the 5' untranslated region of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), serotype a10 has been determined. this completes the first total genomic sequence for any one serotype of fmdv. analysis of the sequence to the 3' side of the poly (c) tract reveals the presence of a 24 nucleotide repeated motif which has homologies with a sequence located upstream of the transcriptional initiation site from several mammalian fibrinogen genes. the function of this element in fmdv is unc ... | 1987 | 2821491 |
| safety and efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines containing endonuclease-inactivated virions. | inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) by means of virion-associated endonuclease was found to be suited to the production of safe and potent vaccines, which proved to be equal or better than those containing formaldehyde or ethyleneimine in guinea-pig potency tests. first order inactivation kinetics were regularly shown, with half life values which varied according to the different temperatures used. inactivation brought about extensive degradation of fmdv rna, while it did not adv ... | 1987 | 2823495 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus has been crystallized with the objectives of (1) determining the composition and conformation of the major immunogenic site(s) and (2) comparing its structure with those of the related polio, rhino and mengo viruses, representing the other three genera of the picornaviruses. most of the work has been done with virus strain o1bfs 1860, which crystallized as small rhombic dodecahedra of maximum dimension 0.3 mm. virus recovered from crystals was infectious, and was ind ... | 1987 | 2824786 |
| antigenicity and immunogenicity of synthetic peptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | peptides reactive with two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies raised against intact foot-and-mouth disease virus a10 were identified with the aid of all overlapping (hexa)peptides of the outer structural viral protein vp1 and located on the viral surface. using this procedure, it was possible to define those amino acids within a peptide which were critical in the binding of antibody to that peptide. one eight amino acid long peptide, containing six such amino acids, was virtually indistinguishab ... | 1987 | 2434606 |
| epitopes on foot-and-mouth disease virus particles. i. topology. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) against an o1 suisse isolate of fmdv were used to identify epitopes on the virus particle and to determine their relative function. six major antigenic sites containing one or more epitopes were identified using competition elisa. an epitope relationship is proposed consisting of a trypsin-sensitive sequential site, termed b2/d9, from the codings for the mab which reacted with it, which was associated with virus infectivity and is probably at or near to the cell-bindi ... | 1987 | 2435060 |
| [a new approach to dna synthesis from synthetic oligonucleotides. synthesis of dna coding for the repeated antigenic determinant of foot and mouth disease virus]. | a rapid method for assembly of dna from synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides has been developed which involves separate ligation of top- and bottom-strand oligonucleotides followed by filling in 3'-ends of the duplex formed, blunt end cloning into a specialized vector pbbv, and recovery of the synthetic dna from the recombinant plasmid by means of restriction nuclease bbvii. the method allows for many oligonucleotides to be ligated at once, with no intermediates being isolated, and any dna to be reco ... | 1987 | 2436628 |
| antigenic comparison of the polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes and other picornaviruses. | the cross-reactivity of proteins coded for by the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was assessed by reaction of infected cell lysates with polyclonal and monospecific antisera against the structural and nonstructural proteins of fmdv type a12 strain 119ab. it was shown that the homologous polypeptides from most serotypes are antigenically related. the least cross-reactivity occurred between vp1, vp3, and the protease (3c) of type a12 and south african territories types 1 and ... | 1987 | 2437694 |
| neutralization of foot-and-mouth disease virus can be mediated through any of at least three separate antigenic sites. | seven neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were used to characterize 30 escape mutants of a type o foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus (o1 kaufbeuren) selected with the five most active antibodies. three non-overlapping antigenic sites were found by elisa and cross-neutralization studies. within two of the sites the epitopes of two or more monoclonal antibodies overlapped. two of the sites were conformation-dependent and could not be detected on virus subunits or isolated denatured polypeptides. th ... | 1987 | 2438378 |
| non-responsiveness to a foot-and-mouth disease virus peptide overcome by addition of foreign helper t-cell determinants. | study of the immune response to synthetic antigens has shown that uncoupled peptides can realize their potential as vaccines only if they contain domains that react with helper t-cell receptors and ia antigens in addition to antibody binding sites. here we consider whether genetically restricted non-responsiveness to an uncoupled peptide could be overcome by synthesizing a peptide with an additional helper t-cell epitope from a different protein. we demonstrate that h-2d mice, which are non-resp ... | 1987 | 2444892 |
| [synthetic peptides simulating the protective epitopes of vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o and a]. | in a search of novel approaches to cattle protection from foot-and-mouth disease we have prepared a series of peptides from the major antigenic region 130-160 of the vp1 protein. the 144-159 peptide as well as 141-152, 141-148, 148-159 segments (strain o1k) were inactive in all in vitro and in vivo experiments on virus inhibiting. on the other band, synthetic 136-152, 136-148 o1k sequences as well as 131-149, 140-149 a22 sequences afforded 50 to 100% protection, both in the free state and conjug ... | 1987 | 2445357 |
| improved immunogenicity of a peptide epitope after fusion to hepatitis b core protein. | synthetic vaccines for viral diseases can use defined regions of viral proteins as immunogens: the peptide sequence of amino acids 141-160 of the vp1 protein of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies to protect guinea pigs, cattle and pigs either when coupled to a carrier protein or when administered in liposomes or in incomplete freund's adjuvant. the immune response to these peptides is much lower than that to complete virus particles and the same sequence fu ... | 1987 | 2446137 |
| reactivity with monoclonal antibodies of viruses from an episode of foot-and-mouth disease. | a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) of serotype c1 (fmdv c-s8c1) and 11 mabs raised against other fmdvs have been used to evaluate the reactivity of 14 isolates of fmdv of serotype c1 (series fmdv c-s), 12 of them from one disease episode (spain 1979-1982). the assays used were immunoelectrotransfer blot, immunodot and neutralization of infectivity. none of the isolates could be clearly distinguished by its reactivity with 6 non-neutraliz ... | 1987 | 2446442 |
| fusion proteins with multiple copies of the major antigenic determinant of foot-and-mouth disease virus protect both the natural host and laboratory animals. | proteins consisting of one, two or four copies of the amino acid sequence 137 to 162, which contains the major immunogenic site of vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus, attached to the n-terminus of beta-galactosidase have been expressed in escherichia coli cells. in guinea-pigs the protein containing one copy (p71) of the viral determinant elicited only low levels of neutralizing antibody whereas protective levels were elicited by the proteins containing two (p72) or four (p74) copies of the det ... | 1987 | 2447225 |
| synthesis of fusion proteins with multiple copies of an antigenic determinant of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a series of four expression plasmids coding for fusion proteins containing foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) sequences was constructed. the fusion proteins contain a large part of beta-galactosidase from escherichia coli preceded (n-terminal) by 1, 2, 4 or 8 repeats of the antigenic determinant of fmdv consisting of amino acids 137-162 of the capsid polypeptide vp1. all four fusion proteins were efficiently produced in e. coli host bacteria. immunization of rabbits resulted in fmdv-specific, n ... | 1986 | 2436976 |
| an epitope located at the c terminus of isolated vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o induces neutralizing activity but poor protection. | both whole virus particles and isolated vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o1 induce neutralizing antibodies. results obtained with pigs vaccinated with either isolated vp1 or intact particles and subsequently challenged show that neutralizing activity induced by intact virus correlates well with protection in pigs, whereas neutralizing activity induced by isolated vp1 confers little or no protection. further evidence suggests that the epitope responsible for the induction of neutralizing ... | 1986 | 2418152 |
| epitope mapping of the outer structural protein vp1 of three different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | all overlapping hexapeptides of the outer structural protein vp1 of type o1, type a10, and type c1 were reacted with the appropriate anti-virus, anti-viral subunit and anti-vp1 sera. the results suggest that anti-virus sera may contain activities against viral subunit and vp1 as well as against virus. furthermore the antigenic peptides associated with the intact virion of all three serotypes are found at similar locations on their respective vp1s, and produced neutralizing activities when used f ... | 1986 | 2418582 |
| [primary structure of the dna copy of the protein vp1 gene of the foot-and-mouth disease virus a22]. | the dna-copy of the major antigen (vp1) coding region of the fmdv a22 sero-type has been cloned and sequenced. a comparison of the respective amino acid sequence with those of other vp1 of a-serotype revealed considerable differences in the structure of antigenic determinants. | 1986 | 2421736 |
| synthesis of fusion proteins containing antigenic determinants of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | part of the genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type 01,bfs, including the sequence encoding the capsid polypeptide vp1, was cloned in escherichia coli following a new cloning strategy. the clone containing the vp1 sequence was used for the construction of two expression plasmids encoding vp1 fusion proteins. subsequently, substantial amounts of the two vp1-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, containing either one (amino acid region 140-160) or two (amino acid regions 140-160 and 200-2 ... | 1986 | 2425505 |
| the delineation of peptides able to mimic assembled epitopes. | present methods allow a detailed study of the immune system's recognition of sequential epitopes. the results so far suggest that peptides homologous with these epitopes may not fulfil the early promise of synthetic vaccines. a procedure is described which now allows the study and evaluation of assembled epitopes. using a monoclonal antibody which had been shown both to strongly neutralize foot-and-mouth disease virus, and to bind to a discontinuous epitope, peptides mimicking this epitope were ... | 1986 | 2426049 |
| analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o1 brugge neutralization epitopes using monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were elicited with inactivated, purified foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type o1 strain brugge (140s) and with 12s protein subunits. each mab was tested for its capacity to bind to fmdv o1 brugge 140s virions, 12s subunits and purified vp1 by radioimmunoassay (ria) and to neutralize viral infectivity in mouse protection assays. those mabs which reacted only with 12s subunits in ria did not neutralize infectious virus. one mab, 12fe9.2.1, reacted with 140s, 12s an ... | 1986 | 2428926 |
| a priori delineation of a peptide which mimics a discontinuous antigenic determinant. | a technique was developed for identifying peptides with high affinity for a given antibody. by testing a monoclonal antibody directed against a discontinuous antigenic determinant on foot-and-mouth disease virus, peptides mimicking the determinant were identified even though the tertiary structure of the proteins comprising the virus capsid is unknown. the allowable variations in spacing and stereochemistry of the peptides shown to mimic this epitope suggest protein folding in which amino acid r ... | 1986 | 2432410 |
| comparative studies on growth of foot-and-mouth disease virus types 0 and asia 1 in bhk-21 razi cells. | growth pattern of foot-and-mouth disease virus types 0 and asia 1 in bhk-21 razi cells was compared; while type 0 virus grew in high titre, asia 1 virus was produced in low titre. inhibition of host protein synthesis in type 0 virus-infected cells was more pronounced than in asia 1 virus-infected cells. foot-and-mouth disease virus type 0 infected cells showed higher lactic dehydrogenase activity when compared to asia 1 virus. a significant decrease in virus yield was observed when actinomycin d ... | 1986 | 2878583 |
| guanidine-selected mutants of poliovirus: mapping of point mutations to polypeptide 2c. | sequence analysis of the genomic rna of interstrain guanidine-resistant and antibody-resistant variant recombinants of poliovirus type 1 mapped the resistance of mutants capable of growth in 2.0 mm guanidine hydrochloride to a region located 3' of nucleotide 4444. this region of the viral genome specifies the nonstructural protein 2c. the sequence of genomic rna encoding 2c from six independently isolated mutants resistant to 2.0 mm guanidine was determined. all six isolates contained a mutation ... | 1986 | 3003395 |
| bacterially expressed antigenic peptide from foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid elicits variable immunologic responses in animals. | a fusion protein consisting of beta-galactosidase (gz) to which was attached at its n-terminus the amino acid sequence corresponding to residues 142-160 of the immunogenic protein vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) has been expressed in e. coli. a chemically synthesized section of dna corresponding to the amino acid sequence 142-160 was inserted into a vector (pxy410) designed to express fusion proteins with the carboxy terminal 1015 amino acids of gz. the hybrid protein immunopurified b ... | 1986 | 3005401 |
| protective effect of interferon on infections with hand, foot, and mouth disease virus in newborn mice. | the protective effect of interferon on infection with coxsackievirus type a 16 (ca-16) or enterovirus type 71 (ev-71) in newborn mice was examined. subcutaneous administration of murine interferon (muifn-alpha/beta) into the infected mice produced a protective effect against infection with ca-16 or ev-71. it was found that the time of administration of muifn was important in relation to the cycle of infection. protection was observed when muifn was given once daily for several days, from one day ... | 1986 | 3005425 |
| characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus gene products with antisera against bacterially synthesized fusion proteins. | defined segments of the cloned foot-and-mouth disease virus genome corresponding to all parts of the coding region were expressed in escherichia coli as fusions to the n-terminal part of the ms2-polymerase gene under the control of the inducible lambda pl promoter. all constructs yielded large amounts of proteins, which were purified and used to raise sequence-specific antisera in rabbits. these antisera were used to identify the corresponding viral gene products in 35s-labeled extracts from foo ... | 1986 | 3005640 |
| biochemical characterization of a foot-and-mouth disease virus strain attenuated for cattle. brief report. | wild-type, virulent (a-24 cruzeiro subtype) foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), a related attenuated strain and revertants of the attenuated strain were examined by titration on primary bovine kidney (pbk) and baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells, as well as, by infection of unweaned mice. wild type virus grew equally well in all three systems, whereas the attenuated strain had a titer 2-3 log lower in pbk cells than in the other 2 assays. within 9 successive passages in bhk-21 cells the attenuat ... | 1986 | 3006639 |
| protection of cattle against foot-and-mouth disease by a synthetic peptide. | a chemically synthesized peptide consisting essentially of two separate regions (residues 141 to 158 and 200 to 213) of a virus coat protein (vp1) from the o1 kaufbeuren strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus was prepared free of any carrier protein. it elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protected cattle against intradermolingual challenge by inoculation with infectious virus. comparative evaluation of this peptide with a single-site peptide (residues 141 to 158) in guinea pigs su ... | 1986 | 3008333 |
| a second protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) genes are expressed as a polyprotein which is rapidly processed into the four primary cleavage products l, p1, p2, and p3. in secondary cleavage reactions, these are further processed into the mature proteins. the fmdv l protein is located at the n terminus of the polyprotein and is the first gene product released from the nascent polyprotein. for analysis of its biological function, the l gene was mutated by site-directed mutagenesis of cloned cdna. in vitro ... | 1986 | 3009894 |
| potential for the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from african buffalo (syncerus caffer) to cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease viruses of types sat 1 and sat 2 isolated from diseased cattle and carrier buffalo, either on the same farm or in the same ecological area within a short time of each other, were compared by t1 oligonucleotide mapping. no similarity was observed between the maps obtained, indicating that the different populations of virus were unique to each species and that no interspecies transmission had occurred. | 1986 | 3010415 |
| protection of guinea pigs against local and systemic foot-and-mouth disease after administration of synthetic lipid amine (avridine) liposomes. | injection of the synthetic lipid amine, avridine, in the form of liposomes, protected guinea pigs against the development of lesions from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) inoculated intradermally into the rear footpads. the animals were protected against the development of vesicles at the inoculation site as well as the systemic spread of virus. maximal protection was obtained after intracardial injection of 5-10 mg doses of liposomal avridine. lower doses yielded decreased protection. subcut ... | 1986 | 3010856 |
| plaque enhancement effect of sodium thiosulfate for foot-and-mouth disease viruses. | a plaque enhancement effect by the addition of sodium thiosulfate for foot-and-mouth disease viruses was demonstrated when this salt was incorporated in agar and in agarose overlay media. most of the mechanism is obscure, however, as one of the effects is that sodium thiosulfate seems to interact in a reversible manner against the plaque inhibitor action of neutral red in cellular cytoplasm. a plaque inhibitor contained in agar could be removed in some degree by the addition of this salt. | 1986 | 3012288 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) experimental infection: susceptibility and immune response of adult mice. | adult mice are susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection only under some experimental conditions. this paper report the results of pathogenesis studies on 4 different strains of mice (cf1, c3h, nih-nude, balb-c/j) infected with the cloned and uncloned 0(1)c strain of fmdv. high virus titers were detected in blood and pancreas 12-24 h after infection (p.i.); these persisted for up to 48 h p.i. in cf1 and balb-c/j mice and 72 h p.i. in the two other mouse strains. virus titers o ... | 1986 | 3014713 |
| immune protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus studied using virus-neutralizing and non-neutralizing concentrations of monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) against sequential or conformational epitopes on foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) passively protected neonatal syngeneic (balb/c) mice at dilutions at which they could not neutralize virus infectivity in vitro. the b2, d9, 1c6 and 4c9 mab, against the group 1 (sequential) and group 2 (conformational) epitopes, protected the mice at an antibody:virion molar ratio of between 38:1 and 84:1 (12-18 times lower than that required for neutralization of virus infectivity i ... | 1986 | 3015780 |
| experimental infection of vampire bats with foot and mouth disease virus. | 1986 | 3016350 | |
| detection of a genome-linked protein (vpg) of hepatitis a virus and its comparison with other picornaviral vpgs. | the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the p3 region of the hepatitis a virus (hav) polyprotein genome was determined from cloned cdna and translated into an amino acid sequence. comparison of the amino acid sequences of the genome-linked proteins (vpgs) of other picornaviruses with the predicted amino acid sequence of hav was used to locate the primary structure of a putative vpg within the genome of hav. the sequence of hav vpg, like those of other picornaviral vpg molecules, contains a tyro ... | 1986 | 3018280 |
| exposure of sheep to natural aerosols of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | sheep taken individually and allowed to inhale air being drawn along a duct from a cabinet containing pigs acutely infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus for 10 or 15 minute periods were infected by doses as low as 10 tcid50 of virus. the most consistent and reliable indicators of infection were viraemia and seroconversion. the mean times from exposure to onset of viraemia, pyrexia and the appearance of vesicular lesions were 2.5, 3.8 and 4.7 days, respectively. neither the time from exposur ... | 1986 | 3020658 |
| [a hitherto unknown reaction pattern in vertebrate cells (riv). 2. the protective effect of riv particle preparations against foot-and-mouth disease in guinea pigs]. | further observations concerning the previously described riv-particles are reported. they were isolated from a diploid cell line of bovine origin, embryonal duck fibroblasts and bhk-21 cells. a protective effect against foot-and-mouth-disease virus in guinea pigs could be observed following inoculation with the riv-preparation of bovine origin. all 3 preparations isolated from the 3 cell lines showed immunologic cross reactions. | 1986 | 3020838 |
| an electroblotting technique for assessing the integrity of the major immunogenic protein in foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines. | a method has been developed whereby vp1, the major immunogenic protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus can be detected after electroblotting on nitrocellulose paper. proteins can be examined in unfractionated virus harvests and after formulation as aluminium hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccines. the limit of detection is approximately 10 ng of vp1 and up to 20 samples can be analysed simultaneously. the technique allows the integrity of vp1 to be examined in fully formulated vaccines. | 1986 | 3021799 |
| a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. i. development and method of elisa. | a liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa has been developed for the quantification of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus which may replace the virus neutralisation (vn) test. this test employs the incubation of a constant amount of antigen with a range of test serum dilutions in the liquid-phase before being assayed using a trapping elisa. thus it does not rely on the availability or growth of tissue culture cells. the assay is rapid and relatively simple to perform, reagents are used ... | 1986 | 3021854 |
| a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. ii. application. | the liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa has been evaluated for the serological study of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the titres recorded for sera from a population of more than 300 british uninfected, unvaccinated cattle which were examined against each of the seven immunologically distinct fmdv types were less than 1 in 40. a positive correlation between elisa and vn titres was recorded for sera either vaccinated or involved in outbreaks of fmdv. the overall regressi ... | 1986 | 3021855 |
| the genome-linked proteins of aphthoviruses: specific immunoprecipitation of the three species detected on virus rna and identification of possible precursors. | synthetic peptides have been made corresponding to the c-terminal portion of each of the three presumptive genome-linked proteins (vpgs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a10. antisera against each of these peptides efficiently precipitated only the homologous vpg, and the reactions were inhibited by prior absorption with homologous, but not heterologous synthetic peptide. the peptide antisera precipitated a number of proteins from infected cell extracts with mol. wt. of 100, 84, 56, 36, 27, ... | 1986 | 3023531 |
| theiler's virus genome is closely related to that of encephalomyocarditis virus, the prototype cardiovirus. | theiler's virus causes a persistent demyelinating infection of the mouse central nervous system. our study of the molecular mechanism of persistence led us to sequence 1925 nucleotides located at the 3' end of the viral genome. we observed extensive homologies between this region and the corresponding region of encephalomyocarditis virus, the prototype cardiovirus, and only some homologies with the 3' ends of foot-and-mouth disease virus, rhinovirus, and poliovirus genomes. | 1986 | 3023668 |
| fixation of mutations in the viral genome during an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease: heterogeneity and rate variations. | rates of fixation of mutations during the evolution of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) c1 in nature have been estimated by hybridization of viral rna to cloned cdnas representing defined fmdv genome segments, and comparison of the selected rnas by t1 rnase oligonucleotide fingerprinting. values ranged from less than 0.04 x 10(-2) to 4.5 x 10(-2) substitutions per nucleotide per year (s/nt/yr), depending on the time period and the genomic segment considered. rates for viral structural pro ... | 1986 | 3034729 |
| host cell modulation of foot-and-mouth disease virus procapsid synthesis. | bhk21 (clone 13s) cells of high (bhk-sh) and low (bhk-sl) passage number were infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) subtypes a24, a25 and c3. while the amount of virus specific rna produced in bhk-sh cells was 25% of that in bhk-sl cells and the virion production was 27% (c3) to 53% (a24) lower, the synthesis of viral proteins was comparable, associated with an accumulation of procapsids in bhk-sh cells. the results suggest that changes in viral infection pattern with increasing bhk2 ... | 1986 | 3024386 |
| further characterization of a morphogenetic mutant of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. | in this paper we describe further characterization of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) temperature-sensitive mutant, ts 139. this mutant was very sensitive to heat inactivation, suggesting that its viral particles are somehow altered. the electrophoretic analysis of ts 139 structural proteins indicated that vp2 has an altered mobility. furthermore, two known protein precursors of vp2, vp0 and p88, were shown to be altered, as was p64, which supports a vp2 precursor role for p64. the ts 139 ... | 1986 | 3026109 |
| antigenic comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes with monoclonal antibodies. | the capsid structures of the 7 serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus have been compared utilizing a series of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies which were previously shown to recognize at least 4 distinct epitopes on type a12 virus. a radioimmune binding assay using radioactively labeled antigens and the monoclonal antibodies revealed that certain conformation dependent epitopes are conserved among a subtypes, while some continuous epitopes are conserved among a subtypes as well as other fm ... | 1986 | 3026110 |
| relationship of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses to the cardiovirus genus of picornaviruses. | sequence analysis of vp1 in the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) showed that 13 of the first 23 n-terminal amino acids were identical to those in the corresponding protein of encephalomyocarditis virus. there was little similarity to the corresponding vp1 sequences of poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3, coxsackievirus b3, human rhinoviruses 2 and 14, human hepatitis a virus or foot-and-mouth disease virus. these results, as well as serological relationships detected by imm ... | 1986 | 3034822 |
| immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus in a murine experimental model: effective thymus-independent primary and secondary reaction. | the immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was studied in a murine model. in untreated control mice, the inoculation of 10,000 suckling mouse 50% lethal doses of ol campos fmdv i.p. was followed by a burst of viraemia that disappeared in less than 4 days, i.e. when the neutralizing antibodies (nab) reached titres above one neutralizing unit. in mice treated with cyclophosphamide, the curves of viraemia and nab were significantly delayed. nu/nu mice injected with fmdv had cur ... | 1986 | 3490436 |
| molecular cloning and sequence determination of the genomic regions encoding protease and genome-linked protein of three picornaviruses. | to investigate the degree of similarity between picornavirus proteases, we cloned the genomic cdnas of an enterovirus, echovirus 9 (strain barty), and two rhinoviruses, serotypes 1a and 14lp, and determined the nucleotide sequence of the region which, by analogy to poliovirus, encodes the protease. the nucleotide sequence of the region encoding the genome-linked protein vpg, immediately adjacent to the protease, was also determined. comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with ... | 1986 | 3512851 |
| embryo transfer as a means of controlling the transmission of viral infections. vii. the in vitro exposure of bovine and porcine embryos to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | when 169 zona pellucida-intact bovine embryos were exposed to 10(6) pfu/ml of foot-and-mouth disease virus and then washed, no infectious virus was detected on any of the embryos. fmd viral infectivity was found, however, in association with 14 of 42 hatched (zona pellucida-free) bovine embryos and in a small number of zona pellucida-intact porcine embryos. the porcine embryos were assayed individually and in groups of 8 embryos. four of the 124 individual embryos and 2 of the 9 groups of embryo ... | 1986 | 16726224 |
| proceedings - embryo transfer in the canadian cattle industry status of disease transmission studies and thier relationship to the international movement of bovine embryos. | the current, generally accepted approach to formulating health requirements for the international movement of embryos is to base them on the health status of the male and female donor animals. the alternative approach of basing them on the health status of the embryos themselves has been blocked by the lack of scientific information about the potential of the early embryo to transmit agents of infectious disease. consequently, most research into infectious disease transmission by embryos has had ... | 1986 | 17422615 |
| hexokinase activity as marker to assess time of harvest of foot-and-mouth disease virus in bhk21 cl13 cell cultures. | hexokinase (b.c. 2.7.1.1) activity as a marker enzyme during fmd viral infection has been observed spectrophotometrically in a system coupled with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in supernatants of bhk(21)cl(13) suspension as well as anchored cell culture at a minimum of 10(4) infective virus particles/ml. specific activity increased with virus concentration in culture supernatants and abruptly decreased with a fall in virus titer, as has been noted by tcid/50,146 s concentration, and enzyme- ... | 1986 | 18555368 |
| [use of muramyl dipeptides in models of synthetic vaccines]. | vaccination represents a great success in clinical immunology and new approaches for designing vaccines of the future are now available. protective antigens could be obtained by recombinant dna technology or by synthesis. these new immunogens are likely to be poor immunogens and require the use of carrier and adjuvants. both carrier and adjuvant present some limitations. in this report we consider how synthetic glycopeptides analogous to muramyl dipeptide (mdp) can be used as adjuvants under sui ... | 1985 | 3896261 |
| nonspecific immunostimulation against viruses. | a trypsinized preparation from chromogenic selected strain of mycobacterium phlei (nsi) stimulated the recipient immune system non-specifically against a variety of viruses viz. rabies virus (rna virus). marek's disease (dna virus) and foot and mouth disease virus (rna virus) in phylogenetically different hosts like mice, chicks and guinea pigs respectively. investigation into mechanisms of such nonspecific immunostimulation revealed that there was induction of strong cell mediated immune respon ... | 1985 | 4064625 |
| the sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna to the 5' side of the poly(c) tract. | the nucleotide sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna to the 5' side of the poly(c) tract (s fragment) has been determined for representatives of the a and o serotypes of the virus. the two s fragments differ in length by five nucleotides (nt), with 367 nt for o1 compared with 362 nt for a10, due to a number of insertions/deletions. however, the two sequences show 86% homology. there are no conserved open reading frames (orfs). secondary structure predictions reveal a high degree of ... | 1985 | 3007298 |
| [experiments to purify and concentrate the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | experiments were carried out for the purification and concentration of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. for the purpose the virus suspensions were treated with chloroform and 8 per cent polyethylene glycol. the precipitated virus was eluated with phosphate buffer (of ph 7.6) up to 1:100 of the initial volume. the concentrated virus was subjected to gradient ultracentrifugation on gradient of cscl. the fractions obtained were investigated through radial immunodiffusion reaction with early sera, ... | 1985 | 3004012 |
| the duration of the foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in african buffalo (i) in the individual animal and (ii) in a free-living herd. | the maintenance of a virus depends on a number of factors, including the duration of infectivity and the size of the available host population. in this work, foot-and-mouth disease virus was shown to persist in individual african buffalo (syncerus caffer) for up to at least five years; thus, the duration of infectivity is more than adequate to cover the normal periods between calving peaks. in a small isolated free-living population which varied from 30 to 100 buffalo, two immunological types of ... | 1985 | 3004803 |
| role of langerhans cells in the infection of the guinea-pig epidermis with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | in guinea-pig infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), langerhans cells in the foot pads increase in number and show viral antigens 24 hours post-inoculation, preceding appearance of virus in epithelial cells and vesiculation. this observation suggests that langerhans cells may be engaged in virus transport from the blood to the non vascularized epidermis. | 1985 | 2982360 |
| radioimmunoassay for detection of vp1 specific neutralizing antibodies of foot and mouth disease virus. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of antibodies against a specific region of the vp1 protein of the a24 and 01 serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus. the antibody titers from the radioimmunoassay showed a positive correlation with neutralizing antibody titers determined by a mouse protection assay. the specificity of the assay resides in the peptide used as antigen. the assay is rapid, reproducible and does not require the use of whole virions. | 1985 | 2982892 |
| indirect immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion tests in the detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the antibody response detected by indirect immunofluorescence (iif) as well as that directed against 140 s and virus infection associated antigen (via), as detected by agar immunodiffusion, was studied in three mammal species susceptible to foot and mouth disease virus, after challenge with living virus, immunization and hyperimmunization with inactivated virus, and immunization followed by challenge. by spot indirect immunofluorescence, antibodies were detected only in animals undergoing an act ... | 1985 | 2983488 |
| sequence analysis of hepatitis a virus cdna coding for capsid proteins and rna polymerase. | we report here the nucleotide sequence corresponding to two large regions of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome. these comprise a sequence of 3274 bases corresponding to the 5' end of the genome, which includes the putative capsid protein region of this picornavirus, and 1590 bases corresponding to the 3' end of the genome, terminating in a 15-base poly(a) tract. these sequences revealed that hav had the characteristic genomic organization of picornaviruses: an open reading frame beginning appro ... | 1985 | 2984684 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype a22 epizootic in assam. | 1985 | 2984834 | |
| sequence variation in the gene for the immunogenic capsid protein vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a. | the nucleotide sequences have been determined and compared from cloned cdna genes coding for the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) immunogenic capsid protein, vp1, from eight different a subtypes: a5 westerwald/58, a12 119ab (large plaque variant), a22 550 ussr/65, a24 cruzeiro brazil/55, a27 cundinamarca colombia/76, a32 venezuela/70, a venceslau brazil/76, and a argentina/79. we have also found sequence variations among different cdna clones of the a5 and a24 subtypes. there are regions of n ... | 1985 | 2986125 |
| [binary ethyleneimine as an inactivator of the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | experiments were carried out to inactivate f.m.d. viruses with the use of binary ethylene-imine. it was found that inactivation was optimal when the agent was used at the rate of 0.003 m for 18 hours at 26 degrees c. its neutralization in the virus suspension was carried out with 3 mm sodium thiosulfate. the inactivated f.m.d. viruses retained their complement-fixing and immunogenic properties. discussed are the advantages of using binary ethyleneimine as an inactivating agent as against other a ... | 1985 | 2986348 |
| dose-response evaluation of a genetically engineered foot-and-mouth disease virus polypeptide immunogen in cattle. | four groups of 9 cattle each were vaccinated with 10, 50, 250, or 1,250 micrograms of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus a12 vp1 fusion protein that was produced in escherichia coli and emulsified in an oil adjuvant. the groups given the 10 and 50 micrograms of antigen were revaccinated at 15 weeks and were challenge exposed at 30 weeks; 5 of 9 and 7 of 9 cattle, respectively, were protected from fmd virus infection. the remaining 2 groups, vaccinated with 250 or 1,250 micrograms of antigen, wer ... | 1985 | 2986495 |
| effect of salts and other agents on foot-and-mouth disease virus poly (u) polymerase activity. | the activity of the purified poly(u) polymerase replication complex of foot-and-mouth disease virus was optimized when 100 mm nh4+ and either 0.75 mm al3+ or 1.0 mm fe3+ was added to the standard assay reaction mixture. zn2+ at concentrations of 10(-5) mm to 5 mm inhibited enzyme activity although all polymerases examined to date have contained zinc. mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol inhibited polymerase activity despite the presence of cysteine residues in the viral induced polypeptide of the ... | 1985 | 2986581 |
| nucleotide and amino acid sequence coding for polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a12. | the coding region for the structural and nonstructural polypeptides of the type a12 foot-and-mouth disease virus genome has been identified by nucleotide sequencing of cloned dna derived from the viral rna. in addition, 704 nucleotides in the 5' untranslated region between the polycytidylic acid tract and the probable initiation codon of the first translated gene, p16-l, have been sequenced. this region has several potential initiation codons, one of which appears to be a low-frequency alternate ... | 1985 | 2987518 |
| establishment of cell lines persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | cell lines persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) have been established by growth of bhk-21 (c-13) or ibrs-2 (c-26) that survived standard cytolytic infections with fmdv. they maintain cytoplasmic fmdv rna sequences, as shown by dot blot hybridization tests, using cloned fmdv cdna as probes. cell line c1-bhk-rc1 was derived by infection of cloned bhk-21 c1 cells and plaque-purified fmdv c-s8 c1. indirect immunofluorescence assays indicated the presence of fmdv antigens. i ... | 1985 | 2990100 |
| evaluation of methods for chemically coupling foot-and-mouth disease virus to sheep red blood cells for immunological assays. | six methods of chemically coupling proteins to red blood cells were evaluated for their effectiveness in coupling foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to sheep red blood cells. the coupling agents tested were potassium periodate, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (ecdi), chromium chloride, glutaraldehyde, bis-diazotized benzidine (bdb) and n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (spdp). of these, only the coupling methods using bdb and spdp resulted in virus-red c ... | 1985 | 2991312 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus antibody using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and serum neutralisation tests. | a comparative investigation was made on the applicability, sensitivity and specificity of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) for the rapid detection of antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle sera using as reference a standard serum neutralisation test. the ciep test was sensitive and exhibited a reasonable specificity. | 1985 | 2992139 |
| isolation and biochemical characterization of intertypic recombinants of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | recombinants were isolated between two european serotypes (o and a) and between two of the most distantly related serotypes (o from europe and sat2 from africa) using appropriate ts mutants in an infectious centre assay. the recombinants were characterised by electrofocusing of their induced proteins and by rnase-t1 fingerprinting of their rna. the approximate location of the cross-over event in each recombinant was determined by sequencing the unique distinguishable o or a oligonucleotides and ... | 1985 | 2992184 |
| sequence of the viral replicase gene from foot-and-mouth disease virus c1-santa pau (c-s8). | the nucleotide sequence of the region including the viral replicase gene, the carboxy terminus of protein p18, and the 3'-extracistronic region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type c1-santa pau (c-s8) has been determined from previously cloned cdna fragments [villanueva et al., gene 23 (1983) 185-194]. the comparison with the corresponding gene segments of fmdv of serotypes a or o shows base substitutions in 7.2-8.6% of residues in the replicase gene with no insertions or deletions. this ... | 1985 | 2993105 |
| alteration in antibody reactivity with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 146s antigen before and after binding to a solid phase or complexing with specific antibody. | this paper describes the reactions of a number of monoclonal antibodies produced against purified whole virions of foot-and-mouth disease virus in 3 different enzyme immunoassay systems. the first system used whole virus bound non-covalently to microplates; the second used whole virus trapped by a polyclonal antibody which was bound to microplates; and the third allowed the monoclonal antibodies to react with the whole virions in suspension (liquid phase) before trapping by the solid-phase-bound ... | 1985 | 2993421 |
| analysis of the secondary structure of the poly(c) tract in foot-and-mouth disease virus rnas. | sodium bisulphite modification of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna in solution indicates that the majority of the poly(c) tract in the rna is single-stranded in concordance with previous results with encephalomyocarditis virus rna. the reaction kinetics are biphasic; 60% of the cytidylic acid in the poly(c) tract reacts like synthetic poly(c), and the remainder with the kinetics of the cytidylic acid in the rest of the rna. the reactivity of the poly(c) tract with poly(i) indicates that i ... | 1985 | 2993483 |
| structure of a human common cold virus and functional relationship to other picornaviruses. | we report the first atomic resolution structure of an animal virus, human rhinovirus 14. it is strikingly similar to known icosahedral plant rna viruses. four neutralizing immunogenic regions have been identified. these, and corresponding antigenic sequences of polio and foot-and-mouth disease viruses, reside on external protrusions. a large cleft on each icosahedral face is probably the host cell receptor binding site. | 1985 | 2993920 |
| conditions for proper formaldehyde inactivation of foot and mouse disease alhydrogel vaccines. | the inactivation of fmdv by formaldehyde (fa) was studied under different conditions, both as free virus and (as in routine vaccine production) after adsorption of the virus to aluminium hydroxide gel (alhydrogel). in the latter case infectivity was monitored after elution of the virus from the gel by isopycnic ultracentrifugation of the virus-alhydrogel mixture in cscl. by this method good virus recoveries were obtained. adsorption of the virus to alhydrogel (without formaldehyde) did not reduc ... | 1985 | 2995172 |
| buffalo in the northern natal game parks show no serological evidence of infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a total of 594 sera collected from buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the hluhluwe/umfolozi game reserve complex, ndumu game reserve and the eastern shores of lake st lucia were examined for antibody to sat 1, 2 and 3 types of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus in neutralization tests. no neutralization of sat 2 or 3 viruses was exhibited by any of the sera tested at final dilutions greater than 10. a small proportion (2,9%) of sera neutralized sat 1 virus at dilutions up to 10, but these were conside ... | 1985 | 2995896 |
| an international collaborative study on foot and mouth disease virus assay methods. 2. quantification of 146s particles. | workers in 11 laboratories in europe and one in north america participated in a collaborative study to assess the variability of a sucrose gradient procedure used for the quantification of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv). to this end, a range of standards was distributed from one of the participating laboratories. a series of adenine preparations were used to assess the various spectrophotometers/uv monitors and it showed most to be accurate and linear in their responses. the fmdv and ms2 ri ... | 1985 | 2997228 |
| immunological priming with synthetic peptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a sub-immunizing dose of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acids 141 to 160 region of protein vp1 from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), serotype o1, coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (141-160klh) has been shown to prime the immune system of guinea-pigs for an fmdv serotype-specific neutralizing antibody response to a second sub-immunizing dose of the same peptide. optimal priming required an interval of 42 days between the priming dose and the booster dose. no priming was ob ... | 1985 | 2997370 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus-induced rna polymerase is associated with golgi apparatus. | electrophoretic analysis of the golgi apparatus isolated by differential centrifugation from radiolabeled cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus showed about 10 protein bands. the virus-induced rna polymerase was identified by immunoprecipitation and electron microscope staining procedures. pulse-chase experiments indicated that the polymerase passed through the golgi apparatus in less than 1 h. | 1985 | 2997481 |
| early steps in fmdv replication: further analysis on the effects of chloroquine. | we have previously demonstrated that chloroquine and nh4cl, two well-known lysosomotropic drugs inhibit foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) replication. this fact points to the relevance of an acidic environment during fmdv penetration. in the present report, we show that chloroquine prevents the cell-mediated disruption of 140 s virions into 12 s particles. this dissociation, which resembles that caused by low ph in vitro, might be an initial uncoating step. furthermore, we demonstrated that a ... | 1985 | 2998059 |
| biochemical characterization of an aphthovirus type 0(1) strain campos attenuated for cattle by serial passages in chicken embryos. | the biochemical properties of a virulent and an attenuated strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type 0(1) campos (0(1)c) were compared in order to establish differences that could account for their altered biological functions. the avirulent strain (0(1)c-o/e) was derived from the virulent strain 0(1)c by serial passages in chicken embryos. analysis of the rnase t1-generated oligonucleotides of the viral rna through one- and two-dimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis (fingerprints) reveal ... | 1985 | 2998071 |
| two initiation sites for foot-and-mouth disease virus polyprotein in vivo. | typically, the translation of eukaryotic mrnas into protein is initiated at a single site. however, we have recently shown that not one but two primary products, p20a and p16, are translated from the 5' end of the coding region of the genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). in this paper we show by partial protease digestion of these proteins that they differ only at their n termini, thus confirming the presence of two initiation sites for translation of fmdv rna. sequence analysis of two ... | 1985 | 2999308 |
| recombination and oligonucleotide analysis of guanidine-resistant foot-and-mouth disease virus mutants. | guanidine resistance (gr) mutations of foot-and-mouth disease virus were mapped by recombining pairs of temperature-sensitive mutants belonging to different subtypes. in each cross, one parent possessed a gr mutation. recombinants were isolated by selection at the nonpermissive temperature and assayed for the ability to grow in the presence of guanidine. from the progeny of three crosses, four different types of recombinant were distinguished on the basis of protein composition and rna fingerpri ... | 1985 | 2999445 |
| multiple sites of recombination within the rna genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | recombinant foot-and-mouth disease viruses were isolated from cells infected with a mixture of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants belonging to different subtype strains. in order to select for recombination events in many different regions of the genome, crosses were performed between various pairs of mutants, with ts mutations in different regions of the genome. ts+ progeny were analysed by electrofocusing virus-induced proteins and rnase t1 fingerprinting of their rna. all but 5 out of 43 inde ... | 1985 | 3000107 |
| [an optical method for the quantitative detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus--initial results]. | 1985 | 3000308 | |
| [behavior of foot-and-mouth disease virus in various density gradient media]. | 1985 | 3000312 | |
| [development of a method for the quantitative determination of the immunizing antigen (140s) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | attempts were made to work out a method for measuring the amount of the 140 s antigen in virus suspensions. early postinfection sera were obtained from guinea pigs against the productional strains of the foot-and-mouth disease virus which were used in the radial immunodiffusion test. the investigated virus suspensions were concentrated 50 to 200 times and were placed in a cscl gradient for gradient centrifugation. the 140 s antigen fractions obtained were titrated in a radial immunodiffusion tes ... | 1985 | 3002008 |
| [assays of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of crude and semipurified extracts of green leaves of melia azedarach l]. | crude extracts from fresh green leaves of melia azedarach l contain an antiviral factor (fav) able to inhibit the replication of several animal viruses, e.g. polio, vsv, hsv, fmdv, sindbis, junín, pichinde and tacaribe in vero or bhk-21 cells. crude preparations were subjected to different steps of purification like chromatography on sephadex g-100 and deae-sephadex. the antiviral activity of g-100 and deae fractions was fully conserved, whereas contaminating proteins were lost. two types of cyt ... | 1985 | 2825236 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins vp0, vp1 and vp3 synthesized by "in vitro" translation are the major components of 14s particles. | translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna in extracts of rabbit reticulocytes resulted in the synthesis and assembly of viral capsid protein into immature virion intermediate structures. the particles, which sedimented in the 14s zone of the sucrose gradient and contained only viral proteins vp0, vp1 and vp3 are believed to be pentameric associations of viral protomers. | 1985 | 2869654 |
| small peptides induce antibodies with a sequence and structural requirement for binding antigen comparable to antibodies raised against the native protein. | antisera were raised against the chemically synthesized peptide corresponding to each epitope of three foot-and-mouth disease virus strains. peptide synthesis was further used to determine which amino acid residues in each epitope are important for the specificity of antisera raised against the whole virus. the specificity of the antibody paratope for its epitope was shown to depend on structure as well as sequence. anti-virus sera demonstrated a greater specificity for the homologous peptide th ... | 1985 | 2578661 |
| capsid intermediates assembled in a foot-and-mouth disease virus genome rna-programmed cell-free translation system and in infected cells. | structural protein complexes sedimenting at 140s, 70s (empty capsids), and 14s were isolated from foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cells. the empty capsids were stable, while 14s complexes were relatively short-lived. radioimmune binding assays involving the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to six distinct epitopes on type a12 virus and polyclonal antisera to a12 structural proteins demonstrated that native empty capsids were indistinguishable from virus. infected cell 14s particle ... | 1985 | 2411948 |
| a study of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their structural polypeptides. | twenty-nine foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) type a virus strains, previously classified serologically as distinct subtypes were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) to determine the extent of variation in the pattern of the structural polypeptides and to evaluate the technique as an aid to existing subtyping techniques. the majority of the subtypes examined had distinct polypeptide patterns, however, some variation also occurred between strains within a subtype. the position of vp2 ... | 1985 | 2412337 |
| variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates in kenya: an examination of field isolates by t1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting. | ribonuclease t1 oligonucleotide maps of strains of 4 of the endemic serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated in kenya between 1964 and 1982 have been compared with data obtained in complement-fixation and neutralization tests. there was a continual change in the oligonucleotide maps obtained for all the serotypes examined. this genetic heterogeneity was generally associated with antigenic variation. viruses isolated during the 12-month course of an epidemic of the sat 1 serotype showed ... | 1985 | 2413611 |