Publications

antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from laboratory animal colonies naive to antibiotic treatment.	antiobiogrammes were made of a number of isolates of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pasteurella pneumotropica derived from rodent, rabbit or minipig colonies never treated with antibiotics. for s. aureus no differences between rats and mice were found in the percentage of resistant isolates. gentamicin and erythromycin were found to be the most efficient, while the highest percentages of resistance were found to be against penicillins and sulphonamides. in general, the results from ...	2000	11072863
an evaluation of fibrin tissue adhesive concentration and application thickness on skin graft survival.	to examine the effects of fibrinogen concentration and application thickness of fibrin tissue adhesive on skin graft survival.	2000	11081613
are dna profiles breed-specific? a pilot study in pigs.	in this study, dna fingerprints from 32 unrelated domestic pigs were analysed and screened for breed-specificity. three breed groups were analysed: chinese meishan, large white and a collection of other european breeds. ninety-three distinct and variable bands were used to estimate genetic distances between the animals. between the groups these individual genetic distances substantially exceeded those within a group. linear discriminant analysis showed that the 23 most common dna fragments revea ...	2000	11086537
enhanced camp-induced nitric oxide-dependent coronary dilation during myocardial stunning in conscious pigs.	the goal of the current study was to determine the effects of camp-mediated coronary reactivity in conscious pigs with stunned myocardium induced by 1.5 h coronary stenosis (cs) and 12 h coronary artery reperfusion (car). domestic swine (n = 5) were chronically instrumented with a coronary artery blood flow (cbf) probe, hydraulic occluder, left ventricular pressure gauge, wall-thickening crystals in the ischemic and nonischemic zones, and a coronary sinus catheter. the hydraulic occluder was inf ...	2000	11087254
local delivery of 17-beta-estradiol decreases neointimal hyperplasia after coronary angioplasty in a porcine model.	neointimal hyperplasia is an important mechanism of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (ptca). systemically administered estrogen is known to inhibit neointimal formation after arterial injury.	2000	11092673
trichinellosis in papua new guinea.	to describe the discovery in a domestic pig of the first case of trichinellosis in papua new guinea, caused by a new taxon within the genus trichinella (t papuae). also, to establish if the disease occurred in the local wild pig population and in domestic pigs elsewhere in the country, and to test if the worm was infective to some other animals.	2000	11098386
trichinellosis: a worldwide zoonosis.	trichinella spp. are some of the most widespread parasites infecting people and other mammals all over the world, regardless of climate. this paper attempts to describe the present status of trichinellosis worldwide and to determine if and why trichinellosis is emerging or re-emerging. the global prevalence of the disease is difficult to evaluate but as many as 11 million people may be infected. more than 10000 cases of human trichinellosis were reported by the international commission on trichi ...	2000	11099837
host diversity and biological characteristics of the trichinella genotypes and their effect on transmission.	the host spectra and biological diversity of the trichinella genotypes are reviewed. while all genotypes appear to reproduce equally well in carnivore hosts, their infectivity and persistence in omnivores and herbivores show remarkable differences. most of the genotypes found in wildlife have low infectivity for pigs and some persist only for a few weeks; in herbivores this tendency is even more profound, but malnourished, environmentally stressed, or otherwise immuno-suppressed hosts are likely ...	2000	11099841
detection of trichinella infection in food animals.	the first part of this review article deals with classical methods used for the detection of trichinella larvae in muscle samples of those animal species which are recognized as traditional sources of trichinellosis for human beings, as well as those species which are important for epidemiological reasons. special consideration is given to the main applications of these methods (routine slaughter inspection, and epidemiological studies in reservoir animals), and to the major factors that may inf ...	2000	11099846
control of trichinellosis by inspection and farm management practices.	the prevention of human trichinellosis by proper meat inspection is a classic example of successful veterinary public health measures. the microscopic methods which have been used for more than a century to test pigs for trichinae were intended to prevent human disease. however, the value of these relatively insensitive direct detection methods, including trichinoscopy and pooled sample digestion, was debated as soon as more sensitive indirect (serological) methods became available. two issues r ...	2000	11099849
comparison of patterns of decomposition in a hanging carcass and a carcass in contact with soil in a xerophytic habitat on the island of oahu, hawaii.	decomposition studies were conducted to determine differences in rates and patterns of decomposition of carcasses hanging and exposed on the surface of the soil. these studies were conducted between 17 october and 17 december 1997 inside of diamond head crater on the island of oahu, hawaii. the animal model was the domestic pig. sus scrofa. the rate of biomass removal from the hanging carcass was significantly slower than that observed for the control carcass during the bloat and decay stages of ...	2000	11110180
deterioration of visceral perfusion caused by intra-abdominal hypertension in pigs ventilated with positive end-expiratory pressure.	experimental studies and clinical experience suggest that the combination of positive end-expiratory pressure (peep) ventilation and intra-abdominal hypertension might alter splanchnic hemodynamics to a significantly greater degree than the effect of either of them alone. therefore, we assessed the intestinal and hepatic hemodynamics in two steps of peep ventilation, adding tense pneumoperitoneum in a pig model. the hepatic artery, portal vein, and superior mesenteric artery blood flow, as well ...	2000	11110392
hepatic o2 exchange and liver energy metabolism in hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia: effects of iloprost.	to compare the effects of a 12 h continuous infusion of iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, on hepatic blood flow (qliv), o2 exchange, and energy metabolism during a 24 h hyperdynamic, porcine endotoxemia with volume resuscitation alone.	2000	11126268
kinetic properties of pig (sus scrofa domestica) and bovine (bos taurus) d-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase (f1,6bpase): liver-like isozymes in mammalian lung tissue.	f1,6bpases from porcine and bovine lung were isolated and their kinetic properties were determined. ks, kis and beta were determined assuming partial-noncompetitive inhibition (simple intersecting hyperbolic noncompetitive inhibition) of the enzyme by the substrate. values for ks were 4.1 and 4.4 microm for porcine and bovine f1,6bpase, respectively and values for 1 were close to 0.55 in both cases. kis were 9 and 15 microm for porcine and bovine f1,6bpase, respectively. i0.5 for amp were determ ...	2000	11126748
characterization of the dna polymerase loci of porcine cytomegaloviruses from diverse geographic origins.	porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv) is an undesired pathogen in pigs intended for use as organ donors in xenotransplantation. in the present work, we characterized the first set of genes of pcmv. from a german isolate, the dna polymerase (dpol) locus was amplified and two complete open reading frames (orf) as well as two partial orfs including the complete dpol gene and the 3'-end of the glycoprotein gb gene were sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences showed the highest identities with the respe ...	2000	11129643
abnormal growth plate function in pigs carrying a dominant mutation in type x collagen.	we have identified a naturally occurring, dominant mutation that causes dwarfism in domestic pigs (sus scrofa). with a positional candidate gene approach, the dwarf phenotype was shown to be a result of a single amino acid change, g590r, in the alpha1 (x) chain of type x collagen. type x collagen is a homotrimer of alpha1(x) chains encoded by the col10a1 gene, which is expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes during the process of endochondral ossification. an amino acid substitution at the equiva ...	2000	11130976
characterization of four species of trichuris (nematoda: enoplida) by their second internal transcribed spacer ribosomal dna sequence.	adult worms of trichuris ovis and t. globulosa were collected from ovis aries (sheep) and capra hircus (goats). t. suis was isolated from sus scrofa domestica (swine) and t. leporis was isolated from lepus europaeus (rabbits) in spain. genomic dna was isolated and a ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its2) was amplified and sequenced using polymerase-chain-reaction (pcr) techniques. the its2 of t. ovis and t. globulosa was 407 nucleotides in length and had a gc content of about 62%. furtherm ...	2000	11133103
technetium-99m glucarate uptake in a swine model of limited flow plus increased demand.	glucarate is a 6-carbon dicarboxylic acid shown to be taken up by necrotic myocytes, binding to nuclear histones in animal models of coronary occlusion, resulting in infarction. this study investigated glucarate uptake in a model of severe ischemia.	2000	11144474
dependency of the [18f]fluoromisonidazole uptake on oxygen delivery and tissue oxygenation in the porcine liver.	we have previously shown that the accumulation of fluorine-18-labeled fluoromisonidazole ([(18)f]fmiso) is inversely correlated to tissue oxygenation, allowing the quantification of porcine liver tissue hypoxia in vivo. we determined the activity from administered [(18)f]fmiso in relation to the hepatic oxygen availability and the partial pressure of oxygen in tissue (tpo(2)) to define a critical oxygen delivery on a regional basis. [(18)f]fmiso was injected 2 h after onset of regional liver hyp ...	2000	11150699
swine composite tissue allotransplant model for preclinical hand transplant studies.	our laboratory previously developed and used an orthotopic radial forelimb osteomyocutaneous flap in the pig as a preclinical composite tissue allograft (cta) model. to ensure that it mimicked the clinical situation as closely as possible we developed this model taking many immunologic and reconstructive considerations into account. while our original pig cta model was ideal for studying the methods of preventing skin, muscle, bone, vessel and nerve rejection, and systemic toxicity, it did not i ...	2000	11150991
classical swine fever virus: clinical, virological, serological and hematological findings after infection of domestic pigs and wild boars with the field isolate "spante" originating from wild boar.	a classical swine fever virus (csfv) field isolate originating from wild boar was investigated on its virulence in domestic pigs and wild boar. three weaner pigs and two wild boars (yearlings) were intranasally inoculated with the isolate "spante" and tested for clinical, virological, hematological and serological findings until day 31 after infection (p. i.). one day p. i. the piglets were put in contact to three sentinel pigs. during a period of 31 d neither the domestic pigs nor the wild boar ...	2000	11153219
oriented sectioning of irregular tissue blocks in relation to computerized scanning modalities: results from the domestic pig brain.	we present a new method allowing direct comparison between images obtained by present digital scanning modalities and histological sections from the same object. more specifically the paper illustrates how to orientate, embed, and section large irregular tissue blocks after magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in such a way that accurate correlation of the digital data sets to histological sections is possible. the functionality and capability of the described procedure and slicing machine is illust ...	2000	11163415
[modulation of nerve growth factor on wound healing of burn].	to investigate the effect of nerve growth factor(ngf) on the burn wound healing and to study the mechanism of burn wound healing.	2000	12516472
loteprednol etabonate: a soft steroid for the treatment of allergic diseases of the airways.	there are several approaches for developing new antiallergic/antiasthmatic agents. one of them is the improvement of an existing class of effective drug classes. due to some undesired effects of intranasal or inhaled corticosteroids, there is a need for better tolerated corticosteroids. loteprednol etabonate belongs to the so-called class of soft steroids because it is metabolized by a one-step reaction (hydrolysis) without using the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system. in in vitro investigatio ...	2000	12861354
comparison of carbon dioxide laser, erbium:yag laser, dermabrasion, and dermatome: a study of thermal damage, wound contraction, and wound healing in a live pig model: implications for skin resurfacing.	advances in laser technology allow for precise tissue removal and minimal thermal damage. however, mechanisms for cosmetic improvement have not been determined. investigators have suggested that ablation, collagen shrinkage, and new collagen deposition all contribute to the clinical outcome.	2000	10607327
immunohistochemical localization of substance p in the pineal gland of the domestic pig.	an immunohistochemical study of the pig pineal gland was carried out using polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against substance p (sp). the pineal glands were taken from the newborn, 21-day- and 7-month-old female pigs. immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the pineal gland as well as in the posterior commissure and habenular areas. the bundles of sp-immunoreactive fibers were also seen in the subependymal layer of the pineal tissue. the single sp-immunoreactive nerve fibers and few small ...	2000	10833673
evidence for vasoconstriction mediated by the endothelin-b receptor in domestic swine.	endothelin-1 (et-1), a potent vasoactive and mitogenic peptide, has been implicated in a number of cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure, neointimal hyperplasia associated with restenosis, and hypertension. the vasoconstriction induced by et-1 is thought to be mediated mainly by its action on et(a) receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells. recent studies have indicated that vasoconstriction also may be mediated by stimulation of an et(b)-receptor subtype. increased use of ...	2000	10836715
factors effecting reproduction in the pig: seasonal effects and restricted feeding of the pregnant gilt and sow.	recent advances in research on seasonal infertility are discussed with a special focus on implications of the generally recommended restricted post-mating feeding strategy of the early pregnant gilt and sow for the physiology of seasonal infertility. the endocrinological basis of seasonal breeding of the wild and domestic pig is being clarified: as in other seasonal breeders, melatonin is relaying photoperiodic information about season to the pituitary-gonadal axis. earlier confusion on this mat ...	2000	10844193
chromosomal abnormalities in hypoprolific boars.	four new chromosomal rearrangements are reported in the domestic pig: 3 reciprocal translocations, rcp(4;12)(p13;q13) in a crossbred boar, rcp(1;7)(q17;q26) in a large white purebred boar, rcp(1;6)(q17;q35) in a purebred synthetic paternal line boar, and a pericentric inversion inv(2)(p13q11) in a crossbred boar. the 1/7 reciprocal translocation and the pericentric inversion were detected in animals that had sired small litters. the effect of the 1/7 translocation was accurately determined: -4.5 ...	2000	10857260
differentiation of cuticular structures during the growth of the third-stage larva of ascaris suum (nematoda, ascaridoidea) after emerging from the egg.	in order to monitor the early phases of the development of ascaris suum from domestic pigs, third-stage larvae, retrieved from the liver and the lungs, were studied by analyzing worm growth and length increase of individual transverse annuli in the cuticle. material for study using light and scanning electron microscopy was obtained from experimental infections. the results show that the third-stage larva (not the second-stage) after emergence from the egg grows continuously, without an ecdysis ...	2000	10864234
schistosoma japonicum: day to day variation in excretion and hatchability of parasite eggs in the domestic pig, suis suis.	the aim of the present study was to describe the course of an schistosoma japonicum infection in individual pigs over time, with special regards to fecal egg counts and egg hatchability, emphasizing the extent of variation during and between days. five specific pathogen free danish landrace/yorkshire/duroc crossbred male pigs were each given 3500 cercariae intramuscularly. from day 36 to 62 post infection, fecal samples were collected from each pig, morning and evening. pigs were perfused 62 day ...	2000	10864513
description of an intraperitoneal tumour xenograft survival model in the pig.	experimental animal studies are necessary if the results of minimally invasive oncological surgery are to be improved. in particular the influence of surgical technique on tumour implantation needs further assessment. small animals such as rodents are inappropriate for such laparoscopic surgical studies. there is a requirement for another animal tumour model with animals greater in size.	2000	10873362
[temporary implantation of a metal stent in vater's ampulla. evaluation of early changes of the bile ducts in an animal study].	evaluation of temporary stent implantation in the papilla of vater and the subsequent alterations of the bile ducts in a controlled animal study.	2000	10874975
retrograde venous perfusion with hypothermic saline and adenosine for protection of the ischemic spinal cord.	spinal cord injury and the resultant postoperative paraplegia are devastating complications of thoracic aortic surgery, for which no widely accepted protective interventions exist. we hypothesized that retrograde venous perfusion-cooling of the spinal cord with a hypothermic saline and adenosine solution would protect it from ischemic injury caused by thoracic aortic occlusion.	2000	10876220
healing of porcine donor sites covered with silver-coated dressings.	to compare rates of healing of donor sites in pigs between those dressed with silver-coated dressings and those dressed with petrolatum-impregnated absorbent gauze.	2000	10890546
standardized burn model using a multiparametric histologic analysis of burn depth.	burn depth and extent determine prognosis and therapy. the current classification into first-, second-, and third-degree burns is crude, making comparisons between studies difficult. the authors standardized a reproducible burn model and a precise histopathologic method for describing burn depth in swine.	2000	10894235
morphological and functional variations of leydig cells in testis of the domestic pig during the different biological stages of development.	the relationship of morphometrical and androgen receptor evaluations of the main testicular interstitium cellular element (leydig cells) in the domestic pig provided interesting numerical and morphological features during the different aging stages. as early as 25 days (a period in which the pig is sexually immature) there was a low number of leydig cells (1.46 x 10(8)) with respect to a 78% and 35% increase in the adult (2.48 x 108) and aged (1.78 x 10(8)) animal, respectively. interestingly, w ...	2000	10900436
a minimally invasive method for creating coronary stenosis in a swine model for mri and spect imaging.	to develop a less-invasive method for creating coronary stenosis in an animal model for the study of myocardial perfusion defects by using magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and single-photon-emission computed tomography (spect).	2000	10901107
experimental salmonella typhi infection in the domestic pig, sus scrofa domestica.	the domestic pig, sus scrofa domestica, was examined as a model for typhoid fever, a severe and systemic disease of humans caused by salmonella typhi. six pigs were inoculated 1 week post-weaning with approximately 10(10)colony forming units (cfu) of wild type salmonella typhi strain isp1820 intranasally and observed for 3 weeks. s. typhi was cultured from the tonsils of 50% of the pigs at necropsy. cultures from all other organs analysed (ileum, colon, spleen and liver) were negative. no clinic ...	2000	10906267
the effects of mitomycin-c and stenting on airway wound healing after laryngotracheal reconstruction in a pig model.	to assess the effects of mitomycin-c (mtc) and endoscopic stenting on airway wound healing after laryngotracheal reconstruction.	2000	10906518
evaluation of göttingen minipig skin for transdermal in vitro permeation studies.	the optimal skin type for in vitro permeability studies depends on the purpose of the specific transdermal study. in a number of cases, it may be advantageous to use animal skin as an alternative to human skin although they have different characteristics. recently, göttingen minipigs have been reported as good models in toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies of drug substances. in this paper, the potential use of skin from the göttingen minipig is evaluated by studying three model drug substa ...	2000	10913754
decomposition patterns in terrestrial and intertidal habitats on oahu island and coconut island, hawaii.	decomposition studies were conducted at two sites on the island of oahu, hawaii, to compare patterns of decomposition and arthropod invasion in intertidal and adjacent terrestrial habitats. the animal model used was the domestic pig. one site was on coconut island in kaneohe bay on the northeast side of oahu, and the second was conducted in an anchialine pool located at barber's point naval air station on the southwest shore of oahu. at both sites, the terrestrial animal decomposed in a manner s ...	2000	10914580
myocardial uptake of a (99m)tc-nitroheterocycle in a swine model of occlusion and reperfusion.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the window for scan positivity of the radiolabeled nitroheterocycle (99m)tc-bru-59-21 in the peri-ischemic period using a swine model of occlusion and reperfusion.	2000	10914916
end-tidal carbon dioxide as a noninvasive indicator of cardiac index during circulatory shock.	to document the relationships between cardiac index and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (petco2 during diverse low-flow states of circulatory shock.	2000	10921572
effects of norepinephrine on the distribution of intestinal blood flow and tissue adenosine triphosphate content in endotoxic shock.	to investigate, during endotoxic shock, the effect of a treatment of norepinephrine (ne) administration on the distribution of blood flow and adenosine triphosphate (atp) content in the intestinal wall.	2000	10921585
jejunal mucosal nitric oxide production and substrate dependency during acute mesenteric hypoperfusion in pigs.	jejunal nitric oxide (no) formation is impaired during mucosal hypoperfusion. this study was undertaken to investigate whether this phenomenon could result from a restricted mucosal availability of no-synthase substrates, ie, oxygen and/or l-arginine.	2000	10921595
use of a new elastin patch and glue for repair of a major duodenal injury.	major duodenal injury with significant tissue loss causes high morbidity and mortality. our new elastin based heterograft combined with small intestinal submucosa (sis) and biodegradable glue could be used for repair of such defects. twenty-four domestic pigs were anesthetized and underwent celiotomy. a 2 cm circular defect was created at the second portion of the duodenum with scissors, excising one-half of its circumference. our elastin patch, combined with sis, was applied to cover the defect ...	2000	10926136
the genome of a very virulent marek's disease virus.	here we present the first complete genomic sequence, with analysis, of a very virulent strain of marek's disease virus serotype 1 (mdv1), md5. the genome is 177,874 bp and is predicted to encode 103 proteins. mdv1 is colinear with the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) within the unique long (ul) region, and it is most similar at the amino acid level to mdv2, herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), and nonavian herpesviruses equine herpesviruses 1 and 4. mdv1 encodes 55 hsv-1 ...	2000	10933706
obliterative airway disease in a porcine heterotopic bronchial allograft model.	representative animal models are needed for the study of posttransplant obliterative bronchiolitis (ob). because human ob originates in terminal bronchi, the validity of tracheal models can be questioned. using our hetrotopic model, we implanted pieces of a lobar bronchus subcutaneously into domestic pigs. five groups were included: autograft implants, allograft implants, allograft implants with 2 regimens of cyclosporine (csa)azathioprine (aza)-methylprednisolone (mp), and allograft implants wi ...	2000	10935706
domestic swine model for the assessment of chemical warfare agent-anesthetic interactions: some effects of sulfur mustard.	a domestic swine model was developed to examine the interaction of chemical warfare agents with anesthetics and other drugs used during general anesthesia. animals were fully instrumented, and clinically relevant physiological parameters were monitored throughout the experimental procedures. exposure of animals under halothane anesthesia to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (hd; 1 mg/kg intravenous) produced mild signs of systemic intoxication during the subsequent 5 hours. induction dos ...	2000	10957847
[aerosolized gadolinium-dtpa for demonstration of pulmonary ventilation in magnetic resonance tomography].	magnetic resonance assessment of lung ventilation with aerosolized gd-dtpa.	2000	10961215
intraosseous blood gases during hypothermia: correlation with arterial, mixed venous, and sagittal sinus blood.	especially in pediatric patients with severe hypothermia, intraosseous access may be more readily available than intravascular access during an early phase of treatment and therefore, may be helpful to optimize management. the purpose of this study was to determine whether intraosseous blood gases are comparable with arterial, mixed venous, and sagittal sinus blood gases during different degrees of hypothermia.	2000	10966271
optic nerve oxygen tension: effects of intraocular pressure and dorzolamide.	to investigate the influence of acute changes in intraocular pressure on the oxygen tension in the vicinity of the optic nerve head under control conditions and after intravenous administration of 500 mg of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide.	2000	10966963
improved model for teaching interventional eus.	a swine model was previously developed for teaching endoscopic ultrasound (eus). the purpose of this study was to improve this model and develop a method for creating focal lesions for eus imaging and intervention.	2000	10968860
improved right ventricular function after intracoronary administration of a c1 esterase inhibitor in a right heart transplantation model.	myocardial injury from ischemia can be augmented after reperfusion due to proinflammatory events including complement activation, leukocyte adhesion, and release of various chemical mediators. it has been shown that intracoronary administration of a c1 esterase inhibitor (c1 inh) significantly reduces myocardial necrosis in an experimental model of ischemia. our study addresses the question whether the most susceptible region of the heart for ischemic injury, the right ventricle (rv), can benefi ...	2000	10973542
isolation and characterization of h4n6 avian influenza viruses from pigs with pneumonia in canada.	in october 1999, h4n6 influenza a viruses were isolated from pigs with pneumonia on a commercial swine farm in canada. phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of all eight viral rna segments demonstrated that these are wholly avian influenza viruses of the north american lineage. to our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian h4 influenza virus to domestic pigs under natural conditions.	2000	10982381
in vivo uptake of radiolabeled antibody to proliferating smooth muscle cells in a swine model of coronary stent restenosis.	z2d3 is a monoclonal chimeric antibody fragment that is directed against a protein expressed on the surface of proliferating smooth muscle cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate the uptake of 111in-labeled z2d3 f(ab')2 in a swine model of coronary neointimal proliferation after overexpansion coronary stenting.	2000	10994735
development of a laparoscopic approach to neurolytic celiac plexus block in a porcine model.	neurolytic celiac plexus block (ncpb) is an effective method of palliative pain control in cases of inoperable pancreatic cancer. this study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of a laparoscopic approach to ncpb in an experimental animal model.	2000	11000365
the effects of topical transforming growth factor-beta2 and anti-transforming growth factor-beta2,3 on scarring in pigs.	transforming growth factor-b2 (tgf-b2) has been implicated in the inflammatory response and subsequent scarring during wound healing.	2000	11003716
pigs shift too: foraging strategies and spatial memory in the domestic pig.	in a previous experiment, we showed that domestic pigs, sus scrofa, unlike many other species, performed accurately in a spatial memory task, where visits to a previously baited food trough were rewarded (win-stay). we investigated whether pigs have a predisposition for this strategy, by comparing their performance in a radial arm maze under either win-stay (n=10) or win-shift (n=10) reward contingencies. contrary to our earlier results, only one of the animals in the win-stay condition was able ...	2000	11007650
dynamic study of the distribution of microcirculatory blood flow in multiple splanchnic organs in septic shock.	to study dynamic distribution of microcirculatory blood flow in multiple splanchnic organs during septic shock; to test the hypothesis that changes in microcirculatory blood flow in splanchnic organs correlate with changes in regional flow during septic shock.	2000	11008987
comparison of two porcine (sus scrofa domestica) skin models for in vivo near-infrared laser exposure.	the current safety standards for lasers operating in the 1,400- to 2,000-nanometer (nm) wavelength region are based on only a few observations at specific wavelengths. on the basis of experimental results conducted with yorkshire pigs (sus scrofa domestica), these standards may not accurately reflect the potential for laser injury when humans are exposed to these wavelengths. it is our belief that one of the damage mechanisms involved in these laser injuries results from energy absorption by ski ...	2000	11020157
[spatial distribution and bloodmeal preferences of glossina palpalis palpalis in the forest focus of zoukougbeu (ivory coast). epidemiological consequences].	in the sleeping sickness focus of zoukougbeu (côte d'ivoire), in the cropping areas which are favourable for disease transmission, more than a quarter of the flies collected were found to have fed on domestic pigs. the sites where glossina palpalis palpalis was caught fed on these animals were concordant with the sites where the patients were present. these results might indicate that in zoukougbeu, but perhaps also in other sleeping sickness foci, the pig could play an active role in disease tr ...	2000	11031763
comparisons between sublingual and gastric tonometry during hemorrhagic shock.	to compare sublingual tissue pco(2), a disarmingly simple and noninvasive measurement of the severity of perfusion failure, with gastric tonometric pco(2) during hemorrhagic shock in five male domestic pigs weighing between 35 and 40 kg.	2000	11035688
epidemiology of classical swine fever in germany in the 1990s.	in germany, 424 outbreaks of csf in domestic pigs and a great number of cases in wild boar were recorded between 1990 and 1998. most of the federal states ('bundesländer') were affected. epidemiological data from field investigations combined with genetic typing allowed to distinguish seven unrelated epidemics and a number of sporadic outbreaks in domestic pigs. detailed epidemiological data was available for 327 outbreaks. it was found that 28% of these were primary outbreaks. most of them were ...	2000	11042398
genetic typing of classical swine fever virus isolates from the territory of the czech republic.	epizootiological studies based on genetic typing were performed using 14 isolates from outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) in domestic pigs and wild boar in the czech republic which occurred between 1991 and 1998. they were compared with austrian, slovakian, hungarian, polish and german isolates. the aim of this study was to characterise the csf virus isolates and find out the possible relationships between the outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boar, and to map the spread of the virus in ...	2000	11042400
in-vivo evaluation of simultaneous administration of incompatible drugs in a central venous catheter with a decreased port to port distance.	background: multilumen catheters are commonly used in critically ill children. their use, however, is associated with significant morbidity. we studied the simultaneous administration of incompatible drugs using a new triple-lumen catheter with decreased length and port to port distances. methods: ten domestic swine, 10-20 kg in weight, were divided into two groups of five. total parenteral nutrition was administered through the distal port and phenytoin was administered as a bolus and as an inf ...	1999	11056724
trichinella papuae n.sp. (nematoda), a new non-encapsulated species from domestic and sylvatic swine of papua new guinea.	encapsulated and non-encapsulated species of the genus trichinella are widespread in sylvatic animals in almost all zoogeographical regions. in sylvatic animals from tasmania (australian region), only the non-encapsulated species trichinella pseudospiralis has been reported. between 1988 and 1998, non-encapsulated larvae of trichinella were detected in five domestic pigs and six wild boars from a remote area of papua new guinea. morphological, biological, and molecular studies carried out on one ...	1999	10616929
is it useful to measure supratentorial icp in the presence of a posterior fossa lesion? absence of transtentorial pressure gradients in an animal model.	previous studies with animal models of supratentorial icp elevation have demonstrated a pressure gradient between the supratentorial and the infratentorial compartments. the present study was designed to investigate the possible presence of such a gradient in the case of infratentorial icp elevation. an inflatable infratentorial balloon catheter was implanted in seven domestic pigs. the infratentorial icp (icpi) was measured in the left cerebellar hemisphere, and the supratentorial icp (icps) wa ...	1999	10627774
comparison of intravenous and endotracheal epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in newborn piglets.	to compare the efficacy of intravenous and endotracheal epinephrine administration, and intravenous administration above and below the diaphragm, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in newborn piglets.	1999	10628621
teaching and evaluation of basic surgical techniques: the university of british columbia experience.	surgical technical education has traditionally followed an apprenticeship format. the need for innovative undergraduate programs using dry and wet labs prior to clinical exposure continues to be an area of debate. specific programs have been described to improve surgical skills; however, an accepted platform for training and evaluation of surgical skills programs has not been recognized. therefore, introduction of specific programs to teach undergraduate medical students surgical skills is essen ...	1999	10630398
effects of dominance and familiarity on behaviour and plasma stress hormones in growing pigs during social confrontation.	behavioural patterns and plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol responses were studied in domestic pigs with different dominance status during 10-h social confrontation tests with a familiar and an unfamiliar group. eight trials were carried out, where in each trial two groups of nine growing pigs (12 weeks old) were randomly formed. the pigs with the highest (hr) and lowest (lr) rank from each group were selected as test animals, provided with surgically implanted catheters and kept in s ...	1999	10445002
effect of hyperoxia and hypoxia on subcutaneous tissue gases and ph. an experimental study in pigs.	the effect of different fractions of inspired oxygen on subcutaneous oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension and ph in relation to arterial and mixed venous blood gases and ph and hemodynamic variables was evaluated in 13 domestic pigs. subcutaneous, arterial and mixed venous oxygen tensions were closely correlated (r = 0.94). a minor significant increase in subcutaneous carbon dioxide tension was noted during hyperoxia (p < 0.05). a major increase (33%) was noted during the last step of hypoxia, ...	1999	10449992
[the pulmonary arteries and veins of miniature swine, together with a common view of their supportive and stabilizing functions in the lung].	with respect to distribution and flow, the vasa pulmonalia resemble those of the normal grown domestic pig to a great extent. the present article investigates whether, like the human lung (hayek, 1970), the arrangement of the blood vessels has a function over and above that of directing blood; that is to say, a mechanical function. the arteries through which the blood streams act as flexible supporting structures, and the veins as elastic holding structures, for the quadrupede animal also.	1999	10458018
effects of an environmental endocrine disruptor on fetal development, estrogen receptor(alpha) and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in the porcine male genital tract.	we studied the effect of a potent reproductive tract toxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin, on fetal development and expression of estrogen receptor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) in male swine.	1999	10458397
classical swine fever in sardinia: epidemiology of recent outbreaks.	a variable region of the gene encoding the major glycoprotein (e2) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was sequenced from 12 sardinian isolates which had been obtained from three geographically distinct regions of the island. phylogenetic analysis of these viruses and others characterized in previous studies [1, 2] indicated that (a) the sardinian viruses were all members of the common european subgroup 2.3 and were clearly distinct from live vaccines recently used in this area; (b) they could ...	1999	10459661
intraosseous vasopressin improves coronary perfusion pressure rapidly during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs.	intravenous administration of vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) may be more effective than optimal doses of epinephrine. the main purpose of this study was to determine whether intraosseous vasopressin achieves serum drug levels comparable with intravenous doses during cpr and, additionally, to evaluate the effects of intraosseous vasopressin during cpr.	1999	10470765
[wild is not really wild: brain weight of wild domestic mammals].	domestication leads to the reduction of brain weight, decreases reach from 8.1% in laboratory rats up to 33.6% in domesticated pigs. the question is: do brain weights increase by feralization? we compared the brain weights of domesticated mammals (cat, dog, pig, goat, ass) with their feral forms. in none of the cases studied, brain weight is increased in wild domestic mammals. so, feral mammals do not return back to the status of their wild species.	1999	10472721
health status of a recently discovered population of feral swine in kansas.	twenty feral hogs (sus scrofa) from a newly discovered population on fort riley army base (kansas, usa) were shot and examined from november 1993 through february 1994 to assess the health of the population. the hogs were generally healthy, although serologic evidence indicated that some individuals had been exposed to parvovirus, enterovirus, and swine influenza. we found no indications of brucellosis, pseudorabies, or porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome. lung worms (metastrongylus sp ...	1999	10479106
parasitic helminths of the pig: factors influencing transmission and infection levels.	the occurrence of parasitic helminth species as well as infection intensities are markedly influenced by the type of swine production system used. the present review focusses mainly on the situation in temperate climate regions. generally, over the past decades there has been a decrease in the number of worm species and worm loads in domestic pigs due to a gradual change from traditional to modern, intensive production systems. the reasons for some species being apparently more influenced by man ...	1999	10480725
the effects of biphasic and conventional monophasic defibrillation on postresuscitation myocardial function.	the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of biphasic defibrillation waveforms and conventional monophasic defibrillation waveforms on the success of initial defibrillation, postresuscitation myocardial function and duration of survival after prolonged ventricular fibrillation (vf).	1999	10483965
[the wild boar of egypt].	the wild boar, sus scrofa, is not a typical member of the egyptian wild fauna, although it appears to have lived in the nile delta and other suitable regions in the north of the country. however, historic populations were probably of mixed origin, including feral domestic pigs. it is incorrect, as is sometimes still done, to include the wild boar in the iconographic bestiary of ancient egypt and assume that the domestic pigs of ancient egypt derive from local wild boars.	1999	10488431
vasopressin versus epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized swine outcome study.	in animal models, vasopressin improves short-term outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) for ventricular fibrillation compared to placebo, and improves myocardial and cerebral hemodynamics during cpr compared to epinephrine. this study was designed to test the hypothesis that vasopressin would improve 24-h neurologically intact survival compared to epinephrine. after a 2-min untreated ventricular fibrillation interval followed by 6 min of simulated bystander cpr, 35 domestic swine (we ...	1999	10488942
evaluation of biphasic transthoracic defibrillation in an animal model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation.	to determine whether a biphasic defibrillation waveform (bdw) would produce a superior rate of converting prolonged ventricular fibrillation (vf) into a perfusing rhythm and delay the occurrence of asystole and/or pulseless electrical activity (pea) during the resuscitation attempt, when compared with a monophasic defibrillation waveform (mdw).	1999	10490248
combination anesthesia with ketamine and pentobarbital: a long-term porcine model.	anesthesia of the pig poses great problems for experimental animal-based research and particularly in shock research. in this study, five mechanically ventilated domestic pigs were given long-term anesthesia with a combination of ketamine plus pentobarbital. circulatory parameters were recorded every 2 h via an arterial catheter placed in the right common carotid artery, a swan-gans thermodilution catheter (7f), that was placed in the pulmonary artery of the right middle-lobe in a wedge position ...	1999	10494673
spontaneous acceptance or rejection of orthotopic liver transplants in outbred and partially inbred miniature swine.	results of clinical liver transplantation have shown that rejection and loss of human liver allografts occurs despite immunosuppression. because genetic disparity and liver immunogenicity remain a matter of controversy, we reexamined the fate of outbred liver allografts without immunosuppression and used partially inbred miniature swine, in which the genetics of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens have been characterized and can be controlled.	1999	10507476
up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor mrna and angiogenesis after transmyocardial laser revascularization.	angiogenesis has been proposed as a potential mechanism whereby transmyocardial laser revascularization (tmlr) has provided clinical relief of angina. experimental work has found histologic evidence supporting this, as well as an improved response when angiogenic growth factors have been added to tmlr. the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the molecular response to tmlr was an increase in the production of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor to promote angiogenesis.	1999	10509969
identification of bloodmeals in haematophagous diptera by cytochrome b heteroduplex analysis.	we developed a dna assay for bloodmeal identification in haematophagous insects. specific host cytochrome b gene sequences were amplified by pcr and classified on the basis of their mobility in a heteroduplex assay. in the blackfly simulium damnosum s.l. (diptera: simuliidae), human cytochrome b dna sequences were identifiable up to 3 days following ingestion of the bloodmeal. in the tsetse glossina palpalis (diptera: glossinidae) collected from tsetse traps in ivory coast, bloodmeals were ident ...	1999	10514054
anterior shear of spinal motion segments. kinematics, kinetics, and resultant injuries observed in a porcine model.	a basic study of 56 porcine specimens in anterior shear loading.	1999	10515011
in vivo renal vascular and tubular function in experimental hypercholesterolemia.	hypercholesterolemia (hc) is often associated with impaired peripheral and coronary vascular responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators, which are probably due to low bioavailability of nitric oxide. to examine the effect of hc on renal vascular and tubular function, 22 domestic pigs were studied after being fed a 12-week normal (n=11) or hc (n=11) diet. renal regional perfusion and intratubular contrast media concentration in each nephron segment (representing fluid reabsorption) were quan ...	1999	10523374
video-assisted thoracic diskectomy and anterior release: a biomechanical analysis of an endoscopic technique.	this study evaluates the residual biomechanical stability of the spine following multilevel anterior diskectomies and anterior longitudinal ligament release using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats). eighteen domestic pigs were randomly divided into three groups of six pigs. group 1 underwent thoracic anterior release from t4-t9 using a left-sided vats approach, group 2 underwent thoracic anterior release from t4-t9 via a traditional left thoracotomy (open), and group 3 did not undergo s ...	1999	10535554
functional remodelling and left ventricular dysfunction after repeated ischaemic episodes. a chronic experimental porcine model.	this experimental study was set up to investigate left ventricular function and remodelling after repeated ischaemic episodes using magnetic resonance imaging (mri). a significant reduction in mortality due to coronary heart disease (chd) has been explained by both a decline in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (ami) and an improved post-ami survival rate, suggesting a change in the natural history of chd. experimental intracoronary microembolization can induce different ischaemic pat ...	1999	10540914
genetic diversity of chinese native pigs inferred from protein electrophoresis.	we examined protein polymorphism of 20 native pig breeds in china and 3 introduced pig breeds. thirty loci have been investigated, among which six loci were found to be polymorphic. especially, the polymorphism of malate dehydrogenase (mdh), adenylate kinase (ak), and two new alleles of adenosine deaminase (ada) had not been reported in domestic pigs and wild pigs. the percentage of polymorphic loci (p), the mean heterozygosity (h), and the mean number of alleles (a) are 0.200, 0.065, and 1.300, ...	1999	10544802
characterization of t1 relaxation and blood-myocardial contrast enhancement of nc100150 injection in cardiac mri.	a new ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (clariscan; nc100150 injection) was studied in domestic farm pigs. the t1 effects were characterized for blood and myocardium and the blood-myocardial contrast was measured in t1-weighted cine images. the contrast-to-noise ratio (cnr) and signal-to-noise ratio (snr) were measured at baseline and contrast doses of 1 and 5 mg fe/kg body weight (bw) at end diastole and late systole. the t1 values for blood and myocardium were reduced by 97 and 43%, resp ...	1999	10548789
interventions to improve cardiopulmonary hemodynamics during laparoscopy in a porcine sepsis model.	laparoscopy is increasingly used in severely ill and acutely septic patients. in animals undergoing laparoscopy, the hemodynamic response to sepsis is blunted. specific interventions to augment the hemodynamic potential may make laparoscopic intervention a safer alternative in septic patients. we compared different interventions to improve hemodynamic performance during exploratory laparoscopy in a porcine endotoxic shock model.	1999	10549733
characterization of the dna polymerase loci of the novel porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses 1 and 2 in domestic and feral pigs.	two novel porcine gammaherpesviruses, porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses 1 and 2 (plhv-1 and -2), have been detected by amplification of short dna polymerase (dpol) sequences from blood and spleen of domestic pigs while searching for unknown herpesviruses in pigs as possible risk factors in xenotransplantation. in the present study, the dpol genes of the two viruses and the open reading frames (orfs) that follow in the downstream direction were amplified by pcr-based genome walking from adaptor- ...	1999	10567652
laparoscopic v laparoscopy-assisted donor nephrectomy in the porcine model.	laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is an established procedure in the porcine model. we sought to compare intraoperative variables between live laparoscopic (lap) and laparoscopy-assisted (lap-a) donor nephrectomy.	1999	10569526
an african swine fever virus orf with similarity to c-type lectins is non-essential for growth in swine macrophages in vitro and for virus virulence in domestic swine.	an african swine fever virus (asfv) orf, 8cr, with similarity to the c-type lectin family of adhesion proteins has been described in the pathogenic isolate malawi lil-20/1. the similarity of 8cr to cellular and poxvirus genes associated with cell adhesion, cell recognition and virus infectivity suggested that 8cr may be of significance to asfv-host cell interactions. sequence analysis of the 8cr orf from additional pathogenic asfv isolates demonstrated conservation among isolates from both pig a ...	1999	10573162
pulmonary dynamics of radiolabelled erythrocytes and leucocytes in early gram-negative sepsis in pigs.	to study the pulmonary dynamics of erythrocytes and leucocytes in vivo in early experimental sepsis.	1999	10574108
survey of trichinella spp. infection in pigs from commercial piggeries in zimbabwe.	trichinella spp. infection has never been reported among domestic pigs in zimbabwe. given that trichinella spp. occurs in a sylvatic cycle in zimbabwe and particularly in the light of the recent notification of the presence of the infection in farmed crocodiles, a survey was undertaken to evaluate the present epidemiological situation on commercial pig farms. carcasses of 7,446 fattener pigs (average 11.7% [+/- 0.2%] of those slaughtered from each farm) were investigated by artificial digestion ...	1999	10588020