Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| human papillomavirus therapy for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. | cervical carcinoma is associated with human papillomavirus infection. proliferation of cancer cells depends on the continual expression of the e6 and e7 viral oncogenes. this article includes treatment strategies that can interfere with expression or function of the proteins and immunotherapeutic approaches that can eliminate cells that express e6 and e7 proteins. | 2003 | 12594937 |
| crystal structure of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein bound to e2f and the molecular basis of its regulation. | the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (prb) regulates the cell cycle, facilitates differentiation, and restrains apoptosis. furthermore, dysfunctional prb is thought to be involved in the development of most human malignancies. many of the functions of prb are mediated by its regulation of the e2f transcription factors. to understand the structural basis for this regulation, we have determined the crystal structure of a fragment of e2f in complex with the pocket domain of the tumor suppres ... | 2003 | 12598654 |
| human papillomavirus type-16 variants in quechua aboriginals from argentina. | cervical carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer death in quechua indians from jujuy (northwestern argentina). to determine the prevalence of hpv-16 variants, 106 hpv-16 positive cervical samples were studied, including 33 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lsil), 28 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil), 9 invasive cervical cancer (icc), and 36 samples from women with normal colposcopy and cytology. hpv genome variability was examined in the l1 and e6 genes by pcr-hybridi ... | 2003 | 12601763 |
| chromosomal imbalances in four new uterine cervix carcinoma derived cell lines. | uterine cervix carcinoma is the second most common female malignancy worldwide and a major health problem in mexico, representing the primary cause of death among the mexican female population. high risk human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is considered to be the most important risk factor for the development of this tumor and cervical carcinoma derived cell lines are very useful models for the study of viral carcinogenesis. comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) experiments have detected a sp ... | 2003 | 12659655 |
| human papillomavirus infection in men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is the main etiologic agent of anogenital cancers, including cervical cancer, but little is known about the type-specific prevalence of hpv in men. participants were men aged 18-70 years attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. penile skin swabs were assessed for hpv dna using polymerase chain reaction with reverse line-blot genotyping. of 436 swabs collected, 90.1% yielded sufficient dna for hpv analysis. men with inadequate swab samples were significantly mor ... | 2003 | 12660920 |
| human papillomavirus type 16 l1 capsomeres induce l1-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes and tumor regression in c57bl/6 mice. | we analyzed capsomeres of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) consisting of the l1 major structural protein for their ability to trigger a cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) response. to this end, we immunized c57bl/6 mice and used the l1(165-173) peptide for ex vivo restimulation of splenocytes prior to analysis ((51)cr release assay and enzyme-linked immunospot assay [elispot]). this peptide was identified in this study as a d(b)-restricted naturally processed ctl epitope by hpv16 l1 sequence analysis, m ... | 2003 | 12663770 |
| a synthetic e7 gene of human papillomavirus type 16 that yields enhanced expression of the protein in mammalian cells and is useful for dna immunization studies. | a synthetic e7 gene of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 was generated that consists entirely of preferred human codons. expression analysis of the synthetic e7 gene in human and animal cells showed levels of e7 protein 20- to 100-fold higher than those obtained with wild-type e7. enhanced expression of e7 protein resulted from highly efficient translation, as well as increased stability of the e7 mrna due to its codon optimization. higher levels of e7 protein in cells transfected with syntheti ... | 2003 | 12663798 |
| squamous metaplasia induced by transfection of human papillomavirus dna into cultured adenocarcinoma cells. | it has been reported previously in cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung in okinawa, a subtropical island 2000 km south of mainland japan, that the squamous cell carcinoma components were positive for human papillomavirus (hpv) by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (nish). the adenocarcinoma cells adjacent to the squamous cell carcinoma components were enlarged and also positive for hpv. this is thought to indicate that after adenocarcinoma cells are infected with hpv, they undergo morpho ... | 2003 | 12665627 |
| prognostic factors associated with the clinical outcome of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a cohort study in japan. | one hundred and eighty-five japanese women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) were enrolled in this follow-up study. on the basis of the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in japanese cervical cancer patients, hpv types were categorized into three groups as follows: (1) high risk (types 16, 18, 33, 52, and 58), (2) intermediate risk (types 31, 35, 39, 51, 56, 59, 68, and 70), (3) low risk (type 6, 30, 42, 53, 54, 55, 66 and unclassified types). high-risk hpv infection was a ... | 2003 | 12668281 |
| hpv vaccine medimmune/glaxosmithkline. | medimmune, in collaboration with glaxosmithkline, is developing a vaccine consisting of self-assembling, virus-like particles for the prevention of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of the genital tract and associated cervical cancer. the vaccine candidates include the prototype vaccine, medi-501 (a vaccine directed against hpv-11), medi-503 (directed against hpv-16) and medi-504 (directed against hpv-18). following phase i studies, the hpv-16 and hpv-18 components were combined into a multiv ... | 2003 | 12669384 |
| detection and sequences of human papillomavirus dna in nongenital seborrhoeic keratosis of immunopotent individuals. | the etiology of seborrhoeic keratosis (sk) is unknown. its clinical and histopathological similarities to verrucae vulgaris and condyloma acuminatum prompted us to examine whether human papillomavirus (hpv) is present in sk lesions. in the present study, hpvs were frequently detected from genital lesions or hair follicle in immunocompromised host. | 2003 | 12670725 |
| variants of human papillomavirus types 53, 58 and 66 identified in central brazil. | the present study on molecular characterization of human papillomaviruses occurring in central brazil, describes two variants each of hpv-53 and hpv-58 and one variant of hpv-66 detected in samples from smears of women showing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ii (cin ii). samples were assayed by pcr using my09/ my11 consensus primers, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism typing. the five isolates showed atypical restriction fragment length profile and my09/my11 l1 pcr pro ... | 2003 | 12680696 |
| human papillomavirus-negative ileostomal chronic papillomatous dermatitis. | papillomatous stoma-related skin lesions may result from irritant reactions or infection with epidermodysplasia verruciformis human papillomavirus (hpv) types. | 2003 | 12680960 |
| warty (condylomatous) carcinoma of the cervix. a review of 3 cases with emphasis on thin-layer cytology and molecular analysis for hpv. | to describe the thin-layer cytology (if available) and histologic findings of warty (condylomatous) carcinoma of the cervix, with molecular analysis for hpv screening. | 2003 | 12685182 |
| detection of hpv infection by analyzing the changes in structure of peripheral blood lymphocytes specifically induced by hpv e7 antigen. | detection of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection in clinical practice was examined based on the observation that peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation change their intracellular structures as measured by polarization of fluorescent light emitted by labeled cells. | 2003 | 12691313 |
| association between human papillomavirus 16 e6 variants and human leukocyte antigen class i polymorphism in cervical cancer of swedish women. | persistent infection with human papillomavirus (hpv), particularly hpv16, represents the prime risk factor in cervical carcinogenesis. hpv variants (e.g., within the e6 gene) together with immunogenetic factors of the host may be responsible either for effective viral clearance, or alternatively, for viral persistence. peripheral blood from 27 hpv16 positive swedish women with cervical carcinoma, who had previously been tested for hpv16 e6 variants, was used for human leukocyte antigen (hla) cla ... | 2003 | 12691704 |
| histopathologic extent of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 lesions in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion triage study: implications for subject safety and lead-time bias. | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (cin3) is the precursor of mostsquamous carcinomas and serves as a surrogate end point. however, small cin3 lesions are rarely associated with concurrent invasion. we hypothesized that aggressive follow-up for cytology of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (lsil) leads predominantly to detection of smaller cin3 lesions than those usually associated with cancer. we assessed this hypothesis ... | 2003 | 12692113 |
| activity of the human papillomavirus type 16 late negative regulatory element is partly due to four weak consensus 5' splice sites that bind a u1 snrnp-like complex. | the human papillomavirus (hpv) life cycle is tightly linked to differentiation of the squamous epithelia that it infects. capsid proteins, and hence mature virions, are produced in the outermost layer of differentiated cells. as late gene transcripts are produced in the lower layers, posttranscriptional mechanisms likely prevent capsid protein production in less differentiated cells. for hpv type 16 (hpv-16), a 79-nucleotide (nt) negative regulatory element (nre) inhibits gene expression in basa ... | 2003 | 12692219 |
| human papillomavirus type 16-specific t cell responses and their association with recurrence of cervical disease following treatment. | human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) l1- and e7-specific t cell responses were measured in 58 women with abnormal cervical cytology in a prospective study. on recruitment, patients responded most frequently and with the highest numbers of responding cells to the l1 region aa 311-345 and this response was significantly associated with the presence of cervical disease (p=0.041). responses to the l1 peptide aa 281-295 were significantly higher in patients with cin iii than in those with hpv/cin i ... | 2003 | 12692269 |
| mutations in the chemokine receptor gene cxcr4 are associated with whim syndrome, a combined immunodeficiency disease. | whim syndrome is an immunodeficiency disease characterized by neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinemia and extensive human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. despite the peripheral neutropenia, bone marrow aspirates from affected individuals contain abundant mature myeloid cells, a condition termed myelokathexis. the susceptibility to hpv is disproportionate compared with other immunodeficiency conditions, suggesting that the product of the affected gene may be important in the natural control of this in ... | 2003 | 12692554 |
| population-based human papillomavirus prevalence in lampang and songkla, thailand. | to investigate the prevalence and determinants of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, the primary cause of cervical cancer, we studied 1741 women >/=15 years of age from lampang and songkla, thailand. exfoliated cervical cells were collected for papanicolaou smear screening and dna detection of 36 different hpv types. serum immunoglobulin g antibodies against l1 virus-like particles (anti-vlps) of hpv-16, -18, -31, -33, and -58 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. overall, 1 ... | 2003 | 12696004 |
| refined physical map of the human pax2/hox11/nfkb2 cancer gene region at 10q24 and relocalization of the hpv6ai1 viral integration site to 14q13.3-q21.1. | chromosome band 10q24 is a gene-rich domain and host to a number of cancer, developmental, and neurological genes. recurring translocations, deletions and mutations involving this chromosome band have been observed in different human cancers and other disease conditions, but the precise identification of breakpoint sites, and detailed characterization of the genetic basis and mechanisms which underlie many of these rearrangements has yet to be resolved. towards this end it is vital to establish ... | 2003 | 12697057 |
| a review of human papillomavirus vaccines: from basic science to clinical trials. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infection leads to a spectrum of disease from genital warts to precancerous lesions to cervical and anal cancer and is a worldwide public health problem of epidemic proportions. unique to hpv-related neoplasia, the presence of specific viral antigens such as the l1 capsid structural protein and the oncoproteins e6 and e7 provide opportunities for vaccine therapy. although difficult to precisely define, the natural immune response to hpv is vitally important and defects ... | 2003 | 12700045 |
| overexpression of skp2 in carcinoma of the cervix does not correlate inversely with p27 expression. | s-phase kinase associated protein 2 (skp2) is a member of the f-box family of substrate recognition subunits of scf-ubiquitin ligase complexes and controls progression from g(1)-s-phase by targeting cell cycle regulators such as p21 and p27. its locus is at 5p13, a region of frequent amplification in several cancers including carcinoma of the cervix (cacx). overexpression of skp2 has been observed in many cancers of an advanced stage. we examine the expression of skp2 in 42 invasive cacx and its ... | 2003 | 12704665 |
| stability of archived liquid-based cervical cytologic specimens. | exfoliated cervical cell specimens collected in preservcyt, a methanol-based medium used in thinprep liquid-based cytology, have been archived in epidemiologic studies. however, long-term dna stability and cytologic stability of these biospecimens have not been evaluated. | 2003 | 12704688 |
| determination of features indicating progression in atypical squamous cells with undetermined significance: human papillomavirus typing and dna ploidy analysis from liquid-based cytologic samples. | the bethesda system of cervical cytologic findings introduced the term ascus (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) to cover the broad zone separating normal cytomorphology from definitive squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils). the management of patients with ascus is particularly problematic as approximately 10% of ascus patients develop sil and 1 per 1000 develop cervical carcinoma. | 2003 | 12704691 |
| dual role of tumor suppressor p53 in regulation of dna replication and oncogene e6-promoter activity of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus type 8. | human papillomavirus 8 (hpv8) is a representative of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev)-associated viruses. transient assays in the human skin keratinocyte cell line rts3b have shown that its replication depends in trans on expression of the viral proteins e1 and e2, similarly to other hpvs. using deletion mutants and cloned subfragments of the noncoding region (ncr) of hpv8 we identified a 65-bp sequence in the 3' part of the ncr to be necessary and sufficient to support replication in cis. t ... | 2003 | 12706078 |
| mutant p53 can delay growth arrest and loss of cdk2 activity in senescing human fibroblasts without reducing p21(waf1) expression. | functional wild-type p53 is required for human diploid fibroblasts (hdf) to enter an irreversible growth arrest known as replicative senescence. experimentally, abrogation of p53 function by expression of human papillomavirus type 16 e6 or disruption of a key downstream effector p21 by homologous recombination both extended hdf life span. however, although sufficient to extend life span, p21 down-regulation is not necessary, because expression of a dominant-negative mutant p53 (143(ala)) extends ... | 2003 | 12706118 |
| human papillomavirus in virgins and behaviour at risk. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is one of the most common sexual transmitted diseases (stds). we compared two groups of virgins with genital hpv lesions to evaluate the behaviour at risk in the transmission of hpv infection. partners were also examined. hpv lesions were detected in 88 virgins, who have never had sexual intercourse. this can be due to vertical transmission, fomities and skin-to-skin contact. many other hypothesis can be proposed to explain hpv genital infection, however, fur ... | 2003 | 12706855 |
| [risk factors for cervico-uterine cancer associated to hpv: p53 codon 72 polymorphism in women attending hospital care]. | in codon 72 of the p53 antioncogene there are two alleles, arginine and proline; the arg/arg genotype has recently been identified as a risk factor for developing of cervicouterine cancer (cuca) associated to human papillomavirus (hvp) infection. the aim of this work was to determine in a sample of women the frequency of proline-arginine alleles and genotypes of p53 codon 72. the study was conducted in a sample of inpatient women at the hospital. p53 codon 72 alleles were determined in genomic a ... | 2003 | 12708345 |
| hpv oligonucleotide microarray-based detection of hpv genotypes in cervical neoplastic lesions. | in this study we examined the use of a new-human papillomavirus (hpv) detection method, the hpv oligonucleotide microarray system (biomedlab co., korea), which we compared with the well-established hpv dna detection system (hybrid capture ii; hc-ii, digene co.). this new method prompted us to develop a new hpv genotyping technique, using the oligonucleotide microarray, to detect the generic and type-specific sequence of hpv types. in particular, we undertook the evaluation of the clinical effica ... | 2003 | 12713982 |
| induction of tumor-specific cytotoxicity in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by hpv16 and hpv18 e7-pulsed autologous dendritic cells in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. | to evaluate the potential of autologous dendritic cells (dc) pulsed with hpv16 and hpv18 e7 oncoprotein in restoring tumor-specific cytotoxicity in populations of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (til) for adoptive immunotherapy of cervical cancer patients. | 2003 | 12713991 |
| prevalence of and risk factors for viral infections among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and high-risk hiv-uninfected women. | viruses that can persist in the host are of special concern in immunocompromised populations. among 871 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and 439 high-risk hiv-uninfected women, seroprevalences of cytomegalovirus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and prevalence of human papillomavirus dna in cervicovaginal lavage fluids were all >50% and were 2-30 times higher than prevalences in the general population. prevalences were highest among hiv-infe ... | 2003 | 12717619 |
| recent advances in the pathology of the vulva. | this review addresses recent and important advances in our knowledge of several uncommon or rare disorders of the vulva including paget's disease, vulva intraepithelial neoplasia, lichen sclerosus and squamous hyperplasia and their relationship to squamous carcinoma. emphasis is placed on the two biologically different types of squamous carcinoma related and unrelated to human papillomavirus infection. finally, the relatively recent concept of the sentinel node as applied to vulva carcinoma is d ... | 2003 | 12605639 |
| hpv infections in benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. | this review updates the evidence that the human papillomavirus (hpv) is involved in the development of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. since the early 1980s, when evidence was provided on the possible involvement of hpv in the aetiology of both benign respiratory papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas, a substantial number of studies have explored this issue. to date, 33.3% of sinonasal papillomas and 21.7% of sinonasal carcinomas analysed have been shown to be positive for hpv. many el ... | 2003 | 12610092 |
| human papillomavirus types 16, 31, and 58 use different endocytosis pathways to enter cells. | the early steps of the intracellular trafficking of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16), -31, and -58 pseudovirions were studied by investigating the effects of drugs acting at defined points of endocytosis pathways on virus-like particle-mediated pseudoinfection by overexpression of a dominant-negative form of the eps15 protein to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis and by electron microscopy. the results obtained suggested the involvement of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in hpv-16 and hpv- ... | 2003 | 12610160 |
| effect of vaccine delivery system on the induction of hpv16l1-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in immunized rhesus macaques. | there have been numerous studies to assess the immunogenicity of candidate therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines for human papillomavirus (hpv), but few of them have directly compared different vaccines in an immunologically relevant animal system. in the present study, several vaccine delivery systems (vlps, chimeric vlps, plasmid dna, and a replication incompetent adenoviral vector) expressing hpv16l1 were evaluated for their ability to induce hpv16l1 vlp-specific humoral immune responses, inc ... | 2003 | 12615451 |
| detection of human papillomavirus in sanitary napkins: a new paradigm in cervical cancer screening. | human papillomavirus was successfully detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in menstrual blood or vaginal discharge collected in sanitary napkins in 100% of 17 women having koilocytosis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or squamous carcinoma. we advocate this form of cervical cancer screening because of its high sensitivity and acceptance by patients. | 2003 | 12619095 |
| the role of tp53 in cervical carcinogenesis. | functional loss of the tumor suppressor p53 by alterations in its tp53 gene is a frequent event in cancers of different anatomical regions. cervical cancer is strongly linked to infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types. the viral oncoprotein e6 has the ability to associate with and neutralize the function of p53. e6 interacts with a 100-kda cellular protein, termed e6 associated protein (e6ap; also called ubiquitin-protein ligase e3a or ube3a), which functions as an ubiquitin prot ... | 2003 | 12619117 |
| requirement of e6ap and the features of human papillomavirus e6 necessary to support degradation of p53. | e6 oncoproteins from human papillomavirus type 16 (16e6) and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (be6) bind to leucine rich peptides (called charged leucine, lxxll, or signature peptides) found on target cellular proteins. be6 and 16e6 both bind the product of the ube3a gene called e6ap on a charged leucine peptide, lqell. e6ap is an e3 ubiquitin ligase that together with 16e6 interacts with p53 to target p53 degradation. although both be6 and 16e6 bind the lqell peptide of e6ap, only 16e6 acts as an a ... | 2003 | 12620801 |
| [diagnostic significance of human papillomavirus overestimated]. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is a group of oncogenic viruses, of which some are known to cause cervical cancer in women. the causal relation between infection and cervical cancer is well established. there is however a discrepancy between the rate of infection and the incidence of (pre)neoplastic lesions of the cervix. cohort studies of the natural history of this virus show that many, if not most, young females become infected, but that the infection usually clears without any consequences. this ... | 2003 | 12622003 |
| long-term administration of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone on regression of low-grade cervical dysplasia--a pilot study. | although many dysplastic cervical lesions regress spontaneously, treatment is common due to concern for progression. lesions persist or progress in women whose immune systems are unable to clear infection by human papillomavirus (hpv). dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) is an adrenal steroid that has both immune modulatory and tumor inhibitory activity. a pilot study was conducted to examine the feasibility, safety and potential efficacy of intravaginal dhea in women with low-grade cervical dysplasia ... | 2003 | 12624548 |
| computer-assisted analysis of p53 and pcna expression in oral lesions infected with human papillomavirus. | to carry out a retrospective study to determine whether human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and immunohistochemical expression of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) are related to the risk of oral cancer. | 2003 | 12630078 |
| low- and high-risk cin 1 and 2 lesions: prospective predictive value of grade, hpv, and ki-67 immuno-quantitative variables. | the aim of this study was to evaluate in small cervical biopsies (non-cone, non-large loop excision of the transformation zone, lletz) the prognostic value of both routinely assessed and reviewed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) grades 1 and 2, oncogenic human papillomavirus (onco-hpv) dna (hpv status) and ki-67 immuno-quantitative features for the prediction of progression. in biopsies from 44 cin patients (the learning set), subjective cin grade, onco-hpv by pcr, and ki-67 immuno-quant ... | 2003 | 12635137 |
| triage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance with hybrid capture ii: colposcopy and histologic human papillomavirus correlation. | to estimate the effectiveness of hybrid capture ii to predict high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) from a cytological cervical sample. evidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) was also determined from biopsy samples using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for women referred with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) papanicolaou smears. | 2003 | 12636951 |
| human papillomavirus-associated digital squamous cell carcinoma: literature review and report of 21 new cases. | our aim was to review the clinical behavior of human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated digital squamous cell carcinoma (scc). specifically, we examined evidence for the tumor's (1) infectious origin and spread, (2) response to therapy, and (3) prognosis and metastatic risk. | 2003 | 12637918 |
| evidence for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against human papillomavirus type 6 in infants born to mothers with condyloma acuminata. | despite human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 (hpv6/11) being often vertically transmitted from mothers with condyloma acuminata (ca) to their infants, hpv-related neonatal mucosal diseases are rare. the role of maternal anti-hpv6/11 neutralizing antibodies in preventing the vertical transmission remains to be unknown because of lack of the neutralization assay system of hpv infection. we experienced two cases of hpv6-positive ca during pregnancy. neutralizing antibodies against hpv6 in maternal, um ... | 2003 | 12638076 |
| comparison of the basal and glucocorticoid-inducible activities of the upstream regulatory regions of hpv18 and hpv31 in multiple epithelial cell lines. | steroid hormone receptors have been shown to bind to response elements in the upstream regulatory region (urr) of human papillomavirus (hpv) in a ligand-dependent manner to affect viral promoter activity. to better understand how the enhancer activity of the urr differs between high risk hpv types, we chose to compare the basal and glucocorticoid-dependent activities of the urrs of hpv18 and hpv31. we found that the urr of hpv18 is a stronger enhancer than the urr of hpv31 in six different cell ... | 2003 | 12642092 |
| a phase ii study of 13-cis retinoic acid plus interferon alpha-2a in advanced stage penile carcinoma: an eastern cooperative oncology group study (e3893). | combined biological therapy with 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cra) and interferon alpha-2a (ifn alpha-2a) was reported to be highly effective in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and skin. squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is rare in the united states, accounting for less than 1/2% of all male malignancies. because of the association of infection with human papillomavirus with both carcinomas of the cervix and penis and their shared squamous cell histology, we carried out a phase ii study of ... | 2003 | 12643008 |
| epidemiologic studies of a necessary causal risk factor: human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia. | 2003 | 12644550 | |
| inhibition of human papillomavirus dna replication by small molecule antagonists of the e1-e2 protein interaction. | human papillomavirus (hpv) dna replication is initiated by recruitment of the e1 helicase by the e2 protein to the viral origin. screening of our corporate compound collection with an assay measuring the cooperative binding of e1 and e2 to the origin identified a class of small molecule inhibitors of the protein interaction between e1 and e2. isothermal titration calorimetry and changes in protein fluorescence showed that the inhibitors bind to the transactivation domain of e2, the region that i ... | 2003 | 12730224 |
| meta-analysis of social inequality and the risk of cervical cancer. | previous studies of the relationship between socio-economic status and cervical cancer have been mainly based on record linkage of routine data, such as cancer registry incidence rates and regional measures of social class based on census data. these routine data are liable to substantial misclassification with respect to socio-economic status. previous reports are also primarily from developed countries, whereas the major burden of cervical cancer is in developing countries. we have therefore p ... | 2003 | 12740919 |
| establishment and characterization of rat progenitor hair cell lines. | cochlear progenitor hair cell lines are useful for studies of cellular specification, gene expression features, and signal transduction involved in the development of hair cells. to obtain embryonic and postnatal cochlear progenitor hair cell lines, we immortalized primary cultures of sensorineural epithelial cells from otocysts on embryonic day 12 (e12) and explants of the organ of corti tissues on postnatal day 5 (p5). primary cultures and explants were then transduced by the e6/e7 genes of hu ... | 2003 | 12742237 |
| activation of adenovirus early promoters and lytic phase in differentiated strata of organotypic cultures of human keratinocytes. | human oncolytic adenoviruses have been used in clinical trials targeting cancers of epithelial origin. to gain a better understanding of the infectious cycle of adenovirus in normal human squamous tissues, we examined the viral infection process in organotypic cultures of primary human keratinocytes. we show that for the infection to occur, wounding of the epithelium is required. in addition, infection appears to initiate at the basal or parabasal cells that express the high-affinity coxsackievi ... | 2003 | 12743310 |
| classification of human papillomavirus. | 2003 | 12748326 | |
| routine genotyping of human papillomavirus samples in denmark. | in order to examine a sensitive unbiased consensus pcr with routine sequencing for hpv typing, we analysed danish male and female patients suspected of having an hpv infection. we used the well-characterised nested pcr setting with my09/my11 and gp5+/gp6+ primers, followed by routine cycle sequencing. of 1283 clinical samples from female patients based on suspected hpv infection, we found 379 (29%) negatives and 894 (70%) positives. samples containing >5000 hpv copies/ml were genotyped by sequen ... | 2003 | 12752219 |
| multiple human papillomavirus dna identified in verruciform xanthoma by nested polymerase chain reaction with degenerate consensus primers. | 2003 | 12753178 | |
| human papillomaviruses type 16+ and 18+ cervical carcinoma cells are sensitive to staurosporine-mediated apoptosis. | we have recently shown that staurosporine (st) can trigger apoptosis of caski and hela cervical tumor cells from g2/m checkpoint, though the mechanism remains elusive. in this study, we reported that st induced the inhibition of e6 and e7 viral oncogene and mdm2 expression, while it led to increased levels of p53, which was transiently located to mitochondria. additionally, the proteins of the p53-regulated genes, p21(waf1) and bax, were increased with a similar time, while bcl-2 and bcl-x(l) ex ... | 2003 | 12753950 |
| inclusion of hpv testing in routine cervical cancer screening for women above 29 years in germany: results for 8466 patients. | in a prospective cohort study 8466 women attending routine cervical cancer screening were recruited. colposcopy was performed on women with any degree of atypia on cytology and/or a positive high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv)-dna test (hc2; hybrid capture 2((c))), and for a randomly selected sample of 3.4% women with negative findings on both. quality control included reviews of cytology, histology, colposcopy images and retesting of samples with polymerase chain reaction. test diagnostic perf ... | 2003 | 12771924 |
| cervical dysplasia: early intervention. | cervical cancer is the second-most common cancer in young women and is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths among women, particularly in minorities and in impoverished countries. cervical dysplasia, a premalignant lesion that can progress to cervical cancer, is caused primarily by a sexually transmitted infection with an oncogenic strain of the human papillomavirus (hpv). not all women with the virus develop cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer. it has been postulated there are multip ... | 2003 | 12777161 |
| folate, vitamin b12, and homocysteine status. findings of no relation between human papillomavirus persistence and cervical dysplasia. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infections are the cause of most, if not all, cervical cancers. women consistently positive for oncogenic type hpv infections have a greater risk of developing cervical dysplasia compared with women transiently infected. hpv infection alone appears to be insufficient to produce disease, suggesting that other cofactors may be needed. folate, vitamin b12, and homocysteine, through their role in dna methylation, may be involved in cervical neoplasia. | 2003 | 12781848 |
| rna interference for treating cancers caused by viral infection. | the newly discovered phenomenon of rna interference (rnai) offers the dual facility of selective viral gene silencing coupled with ease of tailoring to meet genetic variation within the viral genome. such promise identifies rnai as an exciting new approach to treat viral-induced diseases, including viral-induced cancers (e.g. cervical carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinomas and haematopoietic and lymphoid malignancies). cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and is caus ... | 2003 | 12783614 |
| lichen sclerosus is frequently present in penile squamous cell carcinomas but is not always associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus. | penile squamous cell carcinoma (scc) may occur on pre-existing lesions of lichen sclerosus (ls). however, the prevalence of histological changes of ls in penile scc is not well established. moreover, mucosal oncogenic human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are sometimes detected in penile scc, but have not been systematically sought in ls-associated penile scc. | 2003 | 12786823 |
| genital carriage of human papilloma virus (hpv) dna in prepubertal girls with and without vulval disease. | human papilloma virus (hpv) can reach a child's anogenital area by vertical transmission or by close contact, which can be either sexual or nonsexual. our objective was to compare hpv in prepubertal girls with and without lichen sclerosus (ls). we compared the frequencies and types of hpv in girls with ls with those in children with non-ls vulval disease (vulval swab and urine) and in children with no known vulval disease (urine only). hpv dna was detected using a nested polymerase chain reactio ... | 2003 | 12787264 |
| cervical human papillomavirus infection in tunisian women. | it is well established that certain types of human papillomavirus (hpv) are the sexually transmitted agents etiologically linked to cervical cancer. sexual habits have been shown to be a major determining factor for hpv infection. a large study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with cervical infection with hpv in tunisian women. | 2003 | 12789471 |
| oncoprotein expression of e6 and e7 does not prevent 5-fluorouracil (5fu) mediated g1/s arrest and apoptosis in 5fu resistant carcinoma cell lines. | 5-fluorouracil (5fu) exposure can lead to both g1/s arrest and apoptosis induction which are dependent of p53 induction. the human papilloma virus oncoproteins (hpv), e6 and e7, inactivate respectively p53 and rb. p53 degradation by e6 protein, leads to lack of g1/s arrest after genotoxic stress. overexpression of e7 protein prevents p53-induced g1/s arrest following dna damage. however, few studies have described 5fu effect and efficacy on cancer cell lines presenting hpv 18 positive status. kb ... | 2003 | 12792779 |
| human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: not just a sexually transmitted disease. | the human papillomavirus (hpv) is the cause of virtually all cancers of the cervix, the fourth most common cancer in women in the united states. hpv is sexually transmitted, and the lifetime risk of contracting the virus is estimated to be 75%-90%. new methods of detecting hpv infection and cellular changes (dysplasia) caused by hpv can greatly reduce the mortality associated with this virus. more than 100 types of hpv exist and may be classified as low-, intermediate-, or high-risk in terms of ... | 2003 | 12793333 |
| enhanced mucosal and systemic immune responses following intravaginal immunization with human papillomavirus 16 l1 virus-like particle vaccine in thermosensitive mucoadhesive delivery systems. | to develop more potent and convenient mucosal human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines, we tested the effect of thermosensitive mucoadhesive vaginal vaccine delivery systems on the local and systemic antibody responses to hpv 16 l1 virus-like particles (vlp). hpv 16 l1 vlp expressed from recombinant baculovirus-infected sf21 insect cells were delivered in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) or thermosensitive mucoadhesive delivery systems, composed of poloxamers (pol) and varying amounts of polyethylene ... | 2003 | 12794729 |
| interplay between human papillomaviruses and dendritic cells. | the design of the human papillomavirus (hpv) infection cycle is tightly fitted to the differentiation program of its natural host, the keratinocyte. this has important consequences for the role of antigen-presenting cells in the priming of antiviral immunity. the confinement of hpv infection to epithelia puts the epithelial dendritic cell, the langerhans cell (lc), in charge of the induction of t cell-dependent immunity. because hpv-infected keratinocytes cannot reach the regional lymphoid organ ... | 2003 | 12797450 |
| correlates of il-10 and il-12 concentrations in cervical secretions. | interindividual variations in host immune responses to hpv infection are thought to be important determinants of viral persistence and progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. however, few studies have measured local immune markers at the site of infection (e.g., the cervical mucosa). we sought to determine biologic correlates of il-10 and il-12 concentrations in cervical secretions. cervical secretions were passively collected using a weckcel sponge from 247 women participa ... | 2003 | 12797539 |
| morphologic and biologic studies on ten cases of verrucous carcinoma of the vulva supporting the theory of a discrete clinico-pathologic entity. | ten cases of verrucous carcinoma (vc) of the vulva diagnosed from january 1989 to december 1996 were studied. patient age ranged from 50 to 83 years. the following examinations were performed on buffered formalin-fixed material: 1). in situ dna hybridization, probes hpv 6/11, 16/18, 31/35/51; and 2). a series of immunohistochemical stainings to demonstrate wild and mutant types of the p53 protein, cytokeratin expression and pattern distribution (ae1 and ae3), and proliferating pattern (mib 1). i ... | 2003 | 12801263 |
| p53 loss of function enhances genomic instability and accelerates clonal evolution of murine myeloid progenitors expressing the p(210)bcr-abl tyrosine kinase. | the p210 bcr-abl fusion protein has a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (cml). however, its influence on disease progression to blast crisis is marginal and mostly due to its effect of impairing the genomic stability of clonal myeloid progenitors through pathways still largely unknown. | 2003 | 12801837 |
| attitudes about human papillomavirus vaccine in young women. | human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines are under investigation, but little is known about attitudes regarding vaccination. the aims of this study were to identify attitudes about and intention to receive an hpv vaccine in young women using a theory-based model. young women (n=52, mean age 25 years, range 18-30 years, 35% black/non-hispanic) completed a survey assessing knowledge, attitudes about hpv vaccination, and risk behaviours. associations between attitudes and intention to receive the vaccin ... | 2003 | 12803935 |
| heterologous boosting increases immunogenicity of chimeric papillomavirus virus-like particle vaccines. | chimeric human papillomavirus virus-like particles (hpv cvlps), containing the hpv16 non-structural protein e7, are potent vaccines for inducing antigen-specific protective immunity against hpv-transformed tumors in animal models. previous data demonstrated that the effectiveness of cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) induction after repetitive vaccination with the same cvlp, and thus vaccine efficacy, is limited by the presence of neutralizing antibodies induced after the first application. here, we d ... | 2003 | 12804851 |
| transcriptional regulation of the telomerase htert gene as a target for cellular and viral oncogenic mechanisms. | malignant transformation from mortal, normal cells to immortal, cancer cells is generally associated with activation of telomerase and subsequent telomere maintenance. a major mechanism to regulate telomerase activity in human cells is transcriptional control of the telomerase catalytic subunit gene, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert). several transcription factors, including oncogene products (e.g. c-myc) and tumor suppressor gene products (e.g. wt1 and p53), are able to control hte ... | 2003 | 12807729 |
| chapter 4: genital tract infections, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients--assessing their roles as human papillomavirus cofactors. | cervical infections by approximately 15 human papillomavirus (hpv) types are the necessary cause of cervical cancer and its immediate precursor lesions. however, oncogenic hpv infections are usually benign and usually resolve within 1-2 years. a few of these infections persist and progress to cervical precancer and cancer. a number of cervical factors, such as infection by sexually transmitted pathogens other than hpv, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients, may influence the natural h ... | 2003 | 12807942 |
| chapter 7: human papillomavirus and cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. | we discuss current evidence of the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in some cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, the pharynx, and the larynx. cancers of the oral cavity and the pharynx are associated mainly with tobacco and alcohol exposure, but there is evidence from case series, from case-control studies, and from cohort studies that hpv plays a role in a fraction of these cancers, particularly cancer in the oropharynx and tonsil. the hpv type most commonly as ... | 2003 | 12807945 |
| chapter 10: cervical cancer screening using visualization techniques. | there is a resurgence of interest in the use of visual techniques to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). these visual techniques can be divided into two general categories. one is the simple visual screening method, such as direct visual inspection (dvi), during which the cervix is visualized with either the naked eye or a low-power magnification device after the application of a solution of 3% to 5% acetic acid that is used as a chemical contrast agent to highlight regions of cin ... | 2003 | 12807948 |
| chapter 13: primary screening of cervical cancer with human papillomavirus tests. | despite its history of success in cancer screening, pap cytology has important limitations, particularly its high false-negative rate, which carries important public health implications. since the mid-1990s, there has been substantial interest in the use of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna testing in cervical cancer screening under the premise that the testing of cervical cells for the causative agent of cervical cancer could have acceptable screening performance, while being more reproducible in ... | 2003 | 12807951 |
| analysis of pregnancy and other factors on detection of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection using weighted estimating equations for follow-up data. | generalized estimating equations have been well established to draw inference for the marginal mean from follow-up data. many studies suffer from missing data that may result in biased parameter estimates if the data are not missing completely at random. robins and co-workers proposed using weighted estimating equations (wee) in estimating the mean structure if drop-out occurs missing at random. we illustrate the differences between the wee and the commonly applied available case analysis in a s ... | 2003 | 12820285 |
| detection and typing of hpv genotypes in various cervical lesions by hpv oligonucleotide microarray. | this study was conducted to evaluate a clinical efficacy of human papillomavirus (hpv) oligonucleotide microarray (biomedlab co., seoul, south korea) for the detection of hpvs in various cervical lesions. | 2003 | 12821341 |
| iron withdrawal strategies fail to prevent the growth of siha-induced tumors in mice. | cervical carcinoma is a human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated cancer for which treatment options still mainly rely on surgical procedures, with or without adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. we have previously shown that the chemically unrelated iron chelators desferrioxamine and deferiprone inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of hpv-positive cervical carcinoma cell lines, suggesting that iron chelators may represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cervical carc ... | 2003 | 12821347 |
| second primary cancers after cervical intraepithelial neoplasia iii and invasive cervical cancer in southeast england. | multiple primary cancers may arise in an individual because they share a common environmental risk factor (such as smoking); genetic predisposition or immunodeficiency may predispose to both cancers, or treatment for one cancer may cause a second cancer. the objective of this analysis was to identify which, if any, cancers occur more often than would be expected in a cohort of women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia iii (cin iii) and in women with invasive cervical cancer. | 2003 | 12821353 |
| hpv e7 expression in skeletal muscle cells distinguishes initiation of the postmitotic state from its maintenance. | the e7 oncogene is an essential tool used by papillomaviruses to interfere with the cell cycle and cellular differentiation. we investigated the effects of e7 expression on both cellular functions in skeletal muscle cells, a terminally differentiating system. when expressed in myoblasts, e7 impaired differentiation only partially, but allowed continuation of dna synthesis during and after differentiation. surprisingly, e7 expression in terminally differentiated myotubes could not reactivate dna ... | 2003 | 12821937 |
| [the role of papilloma virus in development of cervix precancer and cancer (a literature review)]. | there are now enough data confirming the causal relationship between the papilloma-virus infection and the lesion of the neck of uterus. virtually all dysplasias contain the human papilloma virus either as an infection virion or as episome-type or integrated dna. the chronic papilloma-virus infection of high risk is an indispensable precondition for creating a precancerous and malignant phenotypes. however, considering the human papilloma-virus infection to be the key risk factor of precancerosi ... | 2003 | 12822310 |
| skin and subcutaneous infections. | cutaneous infections most commonly are caused by staphylococcus aureus and gabhs. life-threatening complications can occur and are preventable with early diagnosis and specific therapy. dermatophytoses frequently are seen in children and immune-compromised adults with poor hygiene. sporotrichosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous and can cause indolent granulomatous lesions. vesicular and fleshy lesions are manifestations of cutaneous viral infections due to hsv, varicella-zoster vi ... | 2003 | 12825248 |
| environmental exposure and lung cancer among nonsmokers: an example of taiwanese female lung cancer. | lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and in taiwan. cigarette smoking is considered to be the most important risk factor, since about 90% of lung cancer can be related to cigarette smoking. despite the recent decrease of cigarette smoking, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death in the united states. in taiwan, only around 50% of lung cancer incidence could be associated with cigarette smoking, particularly less than 10% of taiwanese women are smokers. thus, ... | 2003 | 12826030 |
| vl position 34 is a key determinant for the engineering of stable antibodies with fast dissociation rates. | predictive engineering of antibodies exhibiting fast kinetic properties could provide reagents for biotechnological applications such as continuous monitoring of compounds or affinity chromatography. based on covariance analysis of murine germline antibody variable domains, we selected position l34 (kabat numbering) for mutational studies. this position is located at the vl/vh interface, at the base of the paratope but with limited antigen contacts, thus making it an attractive position for mild ... | 2003 | 12826730 |
| human papillomavirus dna in oral squamous cell carcinomas and normal oral mucosa. | to elucidate the putative etiologic role of human papillomaviruses (hpv) in oral carcinogenesis, a comparative study was carried out on 62 tissue specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) and on 62 specimens of histologically normal oral mucosa obtained from the individuals who matched the subjects with oscc in age, gender, localization of obtained tissue specimens, drinking and smoking habits. internal control amplification showed that amplifiable dna was recovered from 59/62 and 61/62 t ... | 2003 | 12828338 |
| mucosal igg and iga responses to human papillomavirus type 16 capsid proteins in hpv16-infected women without visible pathology. | human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) may infect the cervical epithelium without producing pathological changes for a long time. to investigate if mucosal antibodies are induced in hpv16-infected women without visible pathology, cervical mucus from hpv16-infected patients with and without evident pathology, along with mucus from uninfected women were analyzed for the presence of mucosal igg and secretory iga (siga) antibodies to hpv16 capsid proteins by elisa. siga and igg antibodies were found i ... | 2003 | 12828867 |
| successful treatment of bowenoid papulosis in a 9-year-old girl with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus. | a 9-year-old black girl with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and no history of condyloma acuminata presented with a 4-year history of enlarging and spreading dark brown flat papules in the perineum. some of the lesions were confluent and extended from the clitoris to the labia majora and posteriorly to the buttocks and perianal region. a biopsy of one of the lesions showed bowenoid features. our patient had a normal pap smear, but vaginal and cervical biopsy specimens reve ... | 2003 | 12837910 |
| chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 2, and human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 are not associated with grade of cervical neoplasia in jamaican colposcopy patients. | a few recent studies have suggested that other sexually transmitted infections may increase the likelihood of a human papillomavirus (hpv) infection progressing to high-grade cervical neoplasia and cancer. | 2003 | 12838087 |
| risk of cancer in persons with aids in italy, 1985-1998. | a record linkage was carried out between the italian registry of aids and 19 cancer registries (crs), which covered 23% of the italian population, to estimate the overall cancer burden among persons with hiv or aids (pwha) in italy, according to various characteristics. observed and expected numbers of cancer and standardised incidence ratios (sirs) were assessed until 1998 in 12 104 pwha aged 15-69 years, for a total of 60 421 person-years. significantly increased sirs were observed for kaposi' ... | 2003 | 12838307 |
| centrosomes, genomic instability, and cervical carcinogenesis. | high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix is a particularly useful model to study basic mechanisms of genomic instability in cancer. cervical carcinogenesis is associated with the expression of two high-risk hpv-encoded oncoproteins, e6 and e7. aneuploidy, the most frequent form of genomic instability in human carcinomas, develops as early as in nonmalignant cervical precursor lesions. in addition, cervical neoplasia is frequently associated with abnorm ... | 2003 | 12839094 |
| immortalization of normal human embryonic fibroblasts by introduction of either the human papillomavirus type 16 e6 or e7 gene alone. | the ability of the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 or e7 gene to induce immortalization of normal human embryonic fibroblast whe-7 cells was examined. whe-7 cells at 9 population doublings (pd) were infected with retrovirus vectors encoding either hpv-16 e6 or e7 alone or both e6 and e7 (e6/e7). one of 4 isolated clones carrying e6 alone became immortal and is currently at >445 pd. four of 4 isolated clones carrying e7 alone escaped from crisis and are currently at >330 pd. three of 5 i ... | 2003 | 12845665 |
| effect of plasma micronutrients on clearance of oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infection (united states). | data have suggested that higher levels of nutrients are protective against hpv persistence and cervical neoplasia. this study assessed the role of circulating nutrients on clearance of oncogenic hpv infections. | 2003 | 12846362 |
| cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes in malignant transformation of immortalized esophageal epithelial cells. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which the expression of p53, c-myc, bcl-2, ras genes and chromosomes, along with activity of htert, impacts on the malignant transformation of immortalized esophageal epithelial cells. the shee cell line was established from an embryonic esophageal epithelial cell induced by transduction of e6e7 genes of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18e6e7). in cells of the 85th passage (shee85), the malignant transformation of shee was confirmed by mor ... | 2003 | 12851721 |
| plantar wart treatment with combination imiquimod and salicylic acid pads. | treatment of plantar warts is often difficult and may be painful, often employing destructive treatment modalities. we report the successful treatment of a patient with a large plantar wart using imiquimod 5% cream under occlusion with a 40% salicylic acid pad. this combination treatment modality likely allows successful delivery of imiquimod through the thick skin on the plantar surface. once penetrated, an anti-viral state is created by upregulating specific cytokines to eradicate the human pa ... | 2003 | 12852385 |
| use of sam2 biotin capture membrane in microarrayed compound screening (muarcs) format for nucleic acid polymerization assays. | microarrayed compound screening format (muarcs) is a novel high-throughput screening technology that uses agarose matrices to integrate various biochemical or biological reagents in the assay. to evaluate the feasibility of using the muarcs technology for nucleic acid polymerization assays, the authors developed hiv reverse transcription (rt) and e1-dependent human papillomavirus (hpv) replication assays in this format. hiv rt is an rna-dependent dna polymerase, whereas hpv e1 is a dna helicase. ... | 2003 | 12857381 |
| detection of human papillomavirus in urine and cervical swabs from patients with invasive cervical cancer. | despite the high prevalence of both human papillomavirus (hpv) infections and cervical cancer among zimbabwean women, the ability to test for hpv infection of the uterine cervix is limited by a lack of an easy sample collection method that does not require gynecological examination. the presence of hpvs in urine and cervical swab samples collected from 43 women who presented with invasive cervical cancer was investigated. hpv detection was done by means of degenerate primers in a nested polymera ... | 2003 | 12858416 |