Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the discovery of rfi-641 as a potent and selective inhibitor of the respiratory syncytial virus. | the design and synthesis of a new potent and selective inhibitor of the respiratory syncytial virus are described. this compound, rfi-641, emerged from analysis of the structure-activity relationship in a series of biphenyl triazine anionic compounds possessing specific anti-rsv activity. the key synthetic step involves coupling of diaminobiphenyl 11 with two equivalents of chlorotriazine 10 under microwave conditions. rfi-641 inhibited rsv in vitro and in vivo models. | 2001 | 11327584 |
| leucocyte populations in respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis. | to enumerate the cellular composition of the airways in infants with acute bronchiolitis. | 2001 | 11328469 |
| in vitro inactivation of chlamydia trachomatis and of a panel of dna (hsv-2, cmv, adenovirus, bk virus) and rna (rsv, enterovirus) viruses by the spermicide benzalkonium chloride. | 2001 | 11328797 | |
| inhalation of corticosteroids after hospital care for respiratory syncytial virus infection diminishes development of asthma in infants. | the aim of the study was to assess the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on subsequent respiratory symptoms and asthma in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infection (rsv). the study included 188 children below 12 mo of age, hospitalized because of rsv infection. during the winter of 1994/95 only selected children (13%) were given inhaled corticosteroids following discharge from the hospital. the following winter (1995/96), almost all children (86%) were given this treatment f ... | 2001 | 11332164 |
| recent advances in the management and prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of morbidity, particularly in prematurely born infants who have had chronic lung disease. current therapy is essentially supportive. overall, the results of randomized trials do not support the use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids or ribavirin. nitric oxide and exogenous surfactant may improve the respiratory status of those infants who require ventilatory support. nosocomial infection can be reduced by appropriate handwashing. ... | 2001 | 11332948 |
| rhoa is activated during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human pathogen that can cause severe and life-threatening respiratory infections in infants and immunocompromised adults. we have recently shown the rsv f glycoprotein, which mediates viral fusion and entry, interacts with the cellular protein rhoa in two-hybrid and in vitro binding assays. whether this interaction occurs in living cells remains an open question. however, because rhoa signaling is associated with many cellular functions relevant ... | 2001 | 11336544 |
| [analysis of etiology of influenza-like morbidity and monitoring influenza epidemic of 1998-1999 by laboratory diagnosis methods]. | the etiological structure of influenza-like was analyzed in the population in cities and towns and in russia as a whole in november 1998 to april 1999 by the findings of immunofluorescence and serological surveys of patients with acute respiratory viral infections (arvi). by the results of both tests, the proportion of the incidence of influenza a (h3n2) was largest, the decreasing order in their significance was as follows: adenoviruses, type 3 parainfluenza virus, rsv, influenza b virus, influ ... | 2001 | 11338361 |
| genetic variability of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup b strain isolated during the last 20 years from the same region in japan: existence of time-dependent linear genetic drifts. | the genetic variability of 32 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) sub-group b isolates from a single community in japan during the 20 years from 1980 to 1999 was determined. two variable regions of the attachment (g) protein gene were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification and their products were sequenced directly. phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences revealed seven distinct branches in which strains isolated during seasons of close proximity were loca ... | 2001 | 11338383 |
| characterization of heterokaryons between skeletal myoblasts and somatic cells formed by fusion with hvj (sendai virus); effects on myogenic differentiation. | in skeletal myogenic differentiation, myoblasts fuse with myogenic cells spontaneously, but do not fuse with non-myogenic cells either in vivo or in vitro, suggesting that the fusion of myoblasts with non-myogenic cells is unsuitable for differentiation. to understand the inevitability of the fusion among myoblasts, we prepared heterokaryons in crosses between quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells) and rodent non-myogenic cells, such ... | 2001 | 11345502 |
| [seasonal trends of respiratory syncytial virus infections on réunion island gathering data among hospitalized children]. | little is known about the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in tropical countries and in particular in tropical islands of the indian ocean. our study reviewed all cases of rsv infections diagnosed among hospitalized children in the hospital de saint pierre de la réunion, from january 1993 to december 1999. 849 cases were identified of which 67.7% were infants under 6 months old. most cases occurred from december to may (89% of all cases), showing a significant correla ... | 2001 | 11346979 |
| evaluation of an acute point-of-care system screening for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | there continues to be a significant risk of children contracting hospital-acquired infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in order to provide 24 h screening, we examined a point-of-care system (near-patient testing) for use by non-laboratory healthcare workers (hcws) in a short stay unit adjoining the accident and emergency department of a large paediatric hospital. three studies were conducted over consecutive winter epidemics, in which 2193 nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtain ... | 2001 | 11358472 |
| multicentered study of viral acute lower respiratory infections in children from four cities of argentina, 1993-1994. | this study describes the first multicentered study of acute lower respiratory infection viral etiology in young children from four different geographical areas of argentina. a total of 1,278 children under 5 years of age, hospitalized in primary care centers from buenos aires, córdoba, santa fé and mar del plata cities during a 2-year period were studied (1993-1994). nasopharyngeal aspirates were investigated for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza a and b ... | 2001 | 11360249 |
| molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus in postmortem lung tissue samples from mexican children deceased with pneumonia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral cause of severe respiratory infections in children younger than 2 years of age. nevertheless there are not enough epidemiologic data about the role of rsv as a cause of infantile mortality from pneumonia, mainly in young children from developing countries aim. to determine the frequency of rsv infection in lung tissue samples from mexican children deceased with pneumonia, by reverse transcription (rt) and pcr. | 2001 | 11368106 |
| furin cleavage of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein is not a requirement for its transport to the surface of virus-infected cells. | the intracellular cleavage of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein by furin was examined. in rsv-infected lovo cells, which express an inactive form of furin, and in rsv-infected vero cells treated with the furin inhibitor decanoyl-arg-val-lys-arg-chloromethyl ketone (dec-rvkr-cmk), the f protein was expressed as a non-cleaved 73 kda species. in both cases the f protein was initially expressed as an endoglycosidase h (endo h)-sensitive precursor (f0(ehs)) which was modified appro ... | 2001 | 11369882 |
| cytokines and chemokines in respiratory secretion and severity of disease in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | little is known about inflammatory mediators (im); like cytokines, chemokines and receptors; in respiratory secretion as possible indicators of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease. nor have systematic studies been published on the ratios between im as such indicators. | 2001 | 11378497 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: update on infection, treatment, and prevention. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, which primarily manifests as bronchiolitis or pneumonia, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. it is associated with more than 100,000 pediatric hospitalizations each year in the united states. infants who were premature; have chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, or immunodeficiency disorders; or have underlying metabolic or neuromuscular disorders are at increased risk for especially sever ... | 2001 | 11384554 |
| bronchiolitis in infants. | bronchiolitis is a common cause of wheezing among infants. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common infectious agent to cause bronchiolitis, and rsv infection accounts for more than 125,000 hospitalizations per year in the united states. beyond supportive measures, the care of infants with bronchiolitis remains controversial. practitioners continue to treat infants with a variety of pharmacologic agents, despite limited evidence of their efficacy. investigators continue to search for ... | 2001 | 11389361 |
| eosinophil cationic protein in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: predictive value for subsequent development of persistent wheezing. | infants with acute bronchiolitis during the first months of life are at increased risk of developing persistent wheezing and bronchial asthma later in life. the study of eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) suggests that eosinophil-related inflammatory mechanisms may play a role in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. the aim of our study was to verify whether serum ecp (s-ecp) measurements are useful in predicting the development of persistent wheezing in children affected by rsv bronc ... | 2001 | 11389573 |
| antiviral activity of an extract derived from roots of eleutherococcus senticosus. | a liquid extract from eleutherococcus senticosus roots inhibited the productive replication of human rhinovirus (hrv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus in cell cultures infected with these viruses, all of which belong to the rna type viruses. analysis of virus production after treatment of the infected cells using plaque-reduction assays showed a strong antiviral activity of the eleutherococcus extract. in contrast, no effect was detected using the same protocol for cells ... | 2001 | 11397509 |
| characterization of myogenic cell membrane: spontaneous formation of heterokaryotic myotubes between two different kinds of myoblasts. | in a previous study, it has been shown that presumptive mouse c2 myoblast cells are strongly resistant to hvj (hemaglutinating virus of japan, sendai virus)-mediated cell fusion, but do become capable of fusion upon differentiation. quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells) also become more sensitive to hvj-mediated cell fusion during differentiation. investigations were undertaken to see whether heterokaryotic myotubes were formed spont ... | 2001 | 11401331 |
| the constitutive activation of the cef-4/9e3 chemokine gene depends on c/ebpbeta in v-src transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. | the cef-4/9e3 chemokine gene is expressed constitutively in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) transformed by the rous sarcoma virus (rsv). this aberrant induction is controlled at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. transcriptional activation depends on multiple elements of the cef-4 promoter composing a src-responsive-unit or sru. the sru includes a tpa responsive element, a prdii/kappab domain and a caat box. in this report, we identify c/ebpbeta as a component of the trans-act ... | 2001 | 11402325 |
| respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children. diagnosis and treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common viral cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infancy and young children. no effective treatment for rsv lower respiratory tract infection (rsv-lrti) exists. ribavirine initially was reported to be an effective anti-viral drug for rsv-lrti. however, subsequently performed trials could not reproduce these positive results and based on the current available evidence there is no place of ribavirin in the routine treatment of rsv-lrti. the u ... | 2001 | 11404731 |
| [relationship between respiratory syncytial virus subtype and clinical severity in bronchiolitis]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequently implicated agent in bronchiolitis. the virus presents two antigenic subtypes (a and b). the results of studies on the relationship between viral subtype and clinical severity are conflicting. | 2001 | 11412403 |
| multiple cis regulatory elements control rantes promoter activity in alveolar epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis in infected airway epithelial cells. rantes (regulated upon activation, normally t-cell expressed and presumably secreted) is a cc chemokine which recruits and activates monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, all cell types present in the lung inflammatory infiltrate induced by rsv infection. in this study, we analyzed the mechanism of rsv-induced rantes promoter ... | 2001 | 11413310 |
| insertion of capsid proteins from nonenveloped viruses into the retroviral budding pathway. | retroviral gag proteins direct the assembly and release of virus particles from the plasma membrane. the budding machinery consists of three small domains, the m (membrane-binding), i (interaction), and l (late or "pinching-off") domains. in addition, gag proteins contain sequences that control particle size. for rous sarcoma virus (rsv), the size determinant maps to the capsid (ca)-spacer peptide (sp) sequence, but it functions only when i domains are present to enable particles of normal densi ... | 2001 | 11413320 |
| respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin: decisions and costs. | a decision analysis was used to evaluate the economic effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin (rsvig) prophylaxis on selected pediatric populations at risk for developing rsv bronchiolitis or all respiratory illness-related hospitalizations. we compared costs, outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of administering rsvig to no treatment in different pediatric populations, including those at risk of developing rsv-bronchiolitis and those at risk of developing any respiratory illnes ... | 2001 | 11416872 |
| regional impact of prophylaxis with the monoclonal antibody palivizumab on hospitalisations for respiratory syncytial virus in infants. | palivizumab is approved in switzerland for prevention of hospitalisation for rsv infection in children with one of the following risk factors: (1) history of prematurity < or = 35 weeks and age < or = 6 months or (2) chronic lung disease and age < or = 1 year. regional data on the expected effectiveness of this monoclonal antibody are not available. | 2001 | 11416887 |
| differential and opposed transcriptional effects of protein fusions containing the vp16 activation domain. | overexpression of strong transcriptional activators like herpes simplex virion protein 16 (vp16) may lead to non-specific inhibition of gene expression as a result of the titration of transcription factors. here we report that a fusion between the homeoprotein hoxa2 and the vp16 activation domain inhibits transcription from the strong promoter/enhancers of cytomegalovirus (cmv) and rous sarcoma virus (rsv). a similar fusion involving a hoxa2 mutant protein that is defective in dna binding has no ... | 2001 | 11418119 |
| r-mix cells are faster, at least as sensitive and marginally more costly than conventional cell lines for the detection of respiratory viruses. | to evaluate shell vials of r-mix, a combination of mink lung cells and human adenocarcinoma cells (strains mv1lu and a549, respectively, diagnostic hybrids, athens, oh) to detect respiratory viruses from prospective clinical respiratory specimens and frozen stocks. | 2001 | 11418357 |
| genetic variability of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a strain in 15 successive epidemics in one city. | the genetic variability of 125 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a isolates over 15 successive epidemics from 1980 to 1995 in an urban population of japan was determined. allocation of isolates into lineages was archived by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification of selected regions of the nucleoprotein (np) and attachment (g) protein gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. three and seven distinct restriction patterns of the np a ... | 2001 | 11424129 |
| bbg2na an rsv subunit vaccine candidate intramuscularly injected to human confers protection against viral challenge after nasal immunization in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen responsible for severe pulmonary disease. we have developed a parenterally administered vaccine, bbg2na, which is currently in a phase iii clinical trial. bbg2na comprises residues 130--230 of rsv-a g protein (g2na) fused to the bb carrier protein. in this study, we show that bbg2na can be delivered by the nasal route and generates both mucosal and systemic antibody responses when co-administered with cholera toxin b or a newly de ... | 2001 | 11427280 |
| a novel group iia phospholipase a2 interacts with v-src oncoprotein from rsv-transformed hamster cells. | we have isolated a novel isoform of phospholipase a(2). this enzyme was designated srpla(2) because it was discovered while analyzing the proteins interacting with different forms of the v-src oncoproteins isolated from rous sarcoma virus-transformed hamster cells. it contains all the functional regions of the pla(2) group iia proteins but differs at its c-terminal end where there is an additional stretch of 8 amino acids. the srpla(2) isoform was detected as a 17-kda precursor in cells and as a ... | 2001 | 11427522 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma]. | presentation of bronchial asthma, in the years following the first outbreak of bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was first described by mcintosh, who postulated a common pathogenesis that was confirmed by the greater frequency (50%) of wheezing bronchiolitis and asthma during the more than 5 year follow up of these children. more recently, hibbert and schroechkenstein have again confirmed this phenomenon. these authors report that the percentage of asthma was increased by up ... | 2001 | 11434889 |
| functional analysis of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus deletion mutants lacking the small hydrophobic and/or attachment glycoprotein gene. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produces three envelope glycoproteins, the attachment glycoprotein (g), the fusion (f) protein, and the small hydrophobic (sh) protein. it had been assumed, by analogy with other paramyxoviruses, that the g and f proteins would be required for the first two steps of viral entry, attachment and fusion. however, following repeated passage in cell culture, a viable mutant rsv that lacked both the g and sh genes was isolated (r. a. karron, d. a. buonagurio, a. f. ge ... | 2001 | 11435561 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in the late bone marrow transplant period: report of three cases and review. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of respiratory mortality in immunosuppressed patients, including bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients. the presence of lower respiratory tract infection and infection in the pre-engraftment phase of bmt is believed to confer a poor prognosis. three patients who underwent allogeneic bmt at our institution developed rsv pneumonia over 1 year post bmt, with the underlying disease in remission. all three were hypoxic with extensive ... | 2001 | 11438823 |
| the use of palivizumab monoclonal antibody to control an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a special care baby unit. | an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection affected seven premature infants in a special care baby unit during november and december 1999. conventional infection control measures (cohorting infected babies, strict reinforcement of the use of gloves and aprons, emphasis on hand disinfection) failed to prevent spread. palivizumab, a respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, was given to eight high-risk preterm infants. there were no further cases of rsv in the unit and none ... | 2001 | 11439005 |
| management of infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | this is a consensus document compiled by the medical products agency in sweden and the swedish reference group for antiviral therapy on management of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. prophylaxis against rsv infections using palivizumab, a commercially available humanized monoclonal igg1 antibody preparation, is recommended for children <2 y of age with chronic respiratory diseases requiring continuous treatment (oxygen and/or inhalations and/or steroids) during the previous 6 months ... | 2001 | 11440215 |
| respiratory syncytial virus predisposes mice to augmented allergic airway responses via il-13-mediated mechanisms. | the development of severe childhood asthma may be influenced by several factors including environmental and infectious stimuli. the causal relationship between infectious viral responses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and severe asthma during early childhood is unclear. in these studies, the ability for an initial rsv infection to exacerbate and promote a more severe asthmatic-type response was investigated by combining established murine models of disease. we examined the ability o ... | 2001 | 11441116 |
| phase 1 evaluation of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. | intravenous palivizumab (15 mg/kg) was investigated in 2 phase 1 studies among recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (hscts). study 1 included 6 hsct patients without active respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. study 2 included 15 hsct patients with rsv upper respiratory tract infection (urti; n=3) or rsv interstitial pneumonia (ip; n=12), all of whom also received aerosolized ribavirin. peak serum concentrations of palivizumab in the 2 studies were similar. the mean serum ha ... | 2001 | 11443562 |
| local interferon-gamma levels during respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection are associated with disease severity. | to investigate the role of cell-mediated immunity during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-10 levels in nasopharyngeal secretions were measured in infants with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) caused by rsv. a novel technique was used to measure in vivo cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas). cytokine levels in the npas of 17 mechanically ventilated infants and 43 nonventilated hospitalized infants were compared. as expec ... | 2001 | 11443563 |
| phylogenetic placement of a novel tenuivirus from the grass urochloa plantaginea. | evidence is presented that a tenuivirus recovered from the grass urochloa plantaginea is probably a novel tenuivirus species, to be called urochloa hoja blanca virus (uhbv). it is related to both echinochloa hoja blanca virus (ehbv) and rice hoja blanca virus (rhbv), and these three form a group distinct from maize stripe virus (mstv) and rice stripe virus (rstv). phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data for rna-3 and rna-4 of these viruses supports the hypothesis that ehbv and uhbv may have e ... | 2001 | 11450951 |
| rfi-641 inhibits entry of respiratory syncytial virus via interactions with fusion protein. | rfi-641, a small dendrimer-like compound, is a potent and selective inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which is currently a clinical candidate for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by rsv. rfi-641 inhibits rsv growth with an ic(50) value of 50 nm and prevents syncytia formation in tissue culture. rsv contains of three surface glycoproteins, a small hydrophobic (sh) protein of unknown function, and attachment (g) and fusion (f) proteins that enable ... | 2001 | 11451666 |
| efficacy of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease i in the hospital management of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | to evaluate the effect of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease i (rhdnase) in shortening the length of the hospitalization and improving the chest radiographs (cxrs) in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection as a result of its mucolytic properties. | 2001 | 11451839 |
| a novel bipolar mode of attachment to aluminium-containing adjuvants by bbg2na, a recombinant subunit hrsv vaccine. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major pathogen responsible for bronchiolitis and severe pulmonary disease in very young children, immunodeficient patients and the elderly. bbg2na, a recombinant chimeric protein produced in escherichia coli, is a promising subunit vaccine candidate against this respiratory pathogen, composed of g2na, the central domain of rsv g glycoprotein, and bb, an albumin binding domain of streptococcal protein g. bbg2na has a basic isoelectric point (pi 9.3) a ... | 2001 | 11457539 |
| lipophilic quaternary ammonium salt acts as a mucosal adjuvant when co-administered by the nasal route with vaccine antigens. | nasal administration of vaccines is an attractive approach which offers several significant advantages over traditional intramuscular vaccine delivery. these advantages include easier administration and induction of immune responses in the mucosal secretions of the body. in this study we describe a new potent nasal adjuvant, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (dda), that induces both mucosal and systemic immune responses when co-administered with diphtheria toxoid (dt), tetanus toxoid (tt) and ... | 2001 | 11457550 |
| benign outcome of rsv infection in children with cancer. | high case-fatality rates have been reported among adults who develop respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection while being treated for oncologic diseases, particularly after bone marrow transplantation. previous reports of rsv infection among children with primary and acquired immunodeficiencies describe increased morbidity compared with that seen in immunocompetent children, but there have been few reports describing the outcome of rsv infection specifically among pediatric oncology patients. | 2001 | 11466719 |
| the influence of prematurity and low birthweight on transplacental antibody transfer in a rural west african population. | to determine the influence of prematurity and low birthweight (lbw) on transplacental antibody transfer. | 2001 | 11469946 |
| etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children at srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand. | we investigated the etiology of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) in children under 5 admitted to srinagarind hospital. the causative bacteria and viruses were determined by hemoculture and viral isolation from blood and nasopharyngeal aspirate samples. antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and chlamydia trachomatis were detected using eia. the 74 children less than 5 years of age with alri enrolled in our study were diagnosed with pneumonia (75.7%), croup (16.2%), and bronchiolit ... | 2001 | 11944709 |
| promoter strength in adenovirus transducing vectors: down-regulation of the adenovirus e1a promoter in 293 cells facilitates vector construction. | most adenovirus transducing vectors have the cytomegalovirus major immediate-early (cmv) or the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (rsv) promoter driving expression of the transgene. both of these promoters are highly active in transfection and transduction assays in 293 cells, in which transducing vectors are constructed and grown, and in hela cells. the cmv promoter exhibits rapid activation while the rsv promoter exhibits a lag prior to the onset of viral dna replication in transduction ... | 2001 | 11878880 |
| palivizumab in infants with gestational age < or = 28 weeks and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | we report data from 11 patients < or = 28 weeks' gestation with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) prophylactically treated with palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. all babies were receiving pharmacologic respiratory therapy at the moment of discharge from neonatal intensive care unit. babies received 15 mg/kg i.m. palivizumab every 4 weeks to a max of 5 doses during the period november-march. we compared them with 8 similar infants that did not requir ... | 2001 | 12233268 |
| [sequence analysis of ran4 of a severe isolate of rice stripe virus in china]. | rna4 segment of a severe isolate of rice stripe virus, isolated from liaoning province and designated as pj isolate, was amplified, cloned and sequenced. rna4 of pj isolate had 2157 nucleotide in length. when compared with rna4 of t and m isolates of japan and cx isolate of yunnan province of china that had been previously reported, we found that these four isolates could be divided into two groups. pj, t and m isolates shared 97.0% and 97.0%-97.5% identities in vorf4 and vcofr4 at the nucleotid ... | 2001 | 12549184 |
| [experimental study of the virus inhibitory effect of chuan-kang-ping granule]. | to explore the virus inhibitory effect of chuan-kang-ping granule. | 2001 | 12526312 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in the pediatric intensive care unit: clinical characteristics and risk factors for adverse outcomes. | to describe the clinical characteristics of infants admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (picu) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, including the prevalence of indications for rsv passive antibody prophylaxis (as currently recommended by the american academy of pediatrics), and to identify risk factors that predict adverse outcomes among this population. | 2001 | 12793934 |
| mechanical ventilatory support in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | objective: to present a review of current knowledge of the use of mechanical ventilatory support in the management of infants with respiratory failure secondary to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). data sources: medline and manual search for case reports and clinical trials that address management strategies for respiratory support of infants with rsv infection. data extraction and synthesis: critical appraisal of reported epidemiologic and clinical data regarding risk factors, p ... | 2001 | 12793941 |
| net cost of palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis during the 1998/99 season in northern alberta. | palivizumab has been shown to decrease respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rates in preterm infants and infants with chronic lung disease. the objective of the present study was to determine whether the use of palivizumab during the 1998/99 rsv season would have resulted in a cost-saving in infants discharged from edmonton hospitals. | 2001 | 20084122 |
| myocardial injury in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with a number of extrapulmonary manifestations, including a sepsis-like syndrome characterized by any combination of hypothermia, fever, apnea, hypovolemia, and myocardial dysfunction. we hypothesized that rsv can have a direct injurious effect on the myocardium of infants and children that can be detected by the presence of cardiac troponin i (ctni), a highly sensitive and specific marker of myocardial injury, in the blood of patients in ... | 2000 | 12813266 |
| basic epidemiology and immunopathology of rsv in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. around 20 000 rsv-infected infants require hospitalization in the uk during each yearly epidemic, which is about 3% of the birth cohort. most children are infected by 2 years of age. risk factors for severe disease include young infants, prematurity, chronic lung and cardiac conditions or immunodeficiency. humoral immunity is incomplete and short-lived, yet reinfectio ... | 2000 | 12531081 |
| long-term consequences of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | despite differences in study design, follow-up studies consistently show that approximately half of the infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) go on to have recurrent wheezing episodes during childhood. respiratory symptoms are associated with abnormal lung function, including bronchial hyper-responsiveness. wheezing symptoms following rsv lrti gradually decrease, and it appears that during school age airway morbidity is no longer related to rsv l ... | 2000 | 12531083 |
| expression of reverse cholesterol transport pathway associated protein genes in skeletal muscle. | viral and nonviral vectors containing apoai, apoe or lcat genes were constructed and transfected into myogenic cells in vitro or injected directly into mouse skeletal muscle. the expression efficiencies of these vectors were assaied to investigate the possibility of ectopic expression of these genes in skeletal muscle and to develop a safe and convenient gene therapy method for atherosclerosis. the results showed that the primary cultured mouse myoblasts, c2c12 cells transfected with pcmvapoe3 e ... | 2000 | 12098785 |
| [sequence analysis of phosphoprotein genes of respiratory syncytial virus field strains isolated in china]. | to get information about phosphoprotein (p) genes of rsv field strains isolated in china. | 2000 | 11471029 |
| [use of palivizumab in the prevention of syncytial virus respiratory infection]. | monthly intramuscular palivizumab (synagis, medimmune, inc.) is effective in reducing the incidence of rsv-attributable hospitalization by 55% if compared with placebo and seems to be well tolerated. | 2000 | 11424809 |
| allium sativum potentiates suicide gene therapy for murine transitional cell carcinoma. | this study evaluated the synergistic effect of allium sativum (as) with suicide gene therapy for transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder. subcutaneous tccs were established in syngeneic c3h/he mice with 1 x 10(5) mbt-2 cells. as liquid extract was injected at the site of tumor transplantation on day 1 for three weeks (experiment i) and into the established tumors weekly for five weeks (experiment ii) in combination with or without gene therapy using a replication-defective adenoviral ve ... | 2000 | 11341051 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prevention: past and present strategies. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory illness in young children, almost all will have been infected by the age of two years old. very young infants, and those with underlying disease, are at risk of severe rsv disease, but even those who were previously healthy can suffer recurrent respiratory symptoms 9 to 10 years after their initial infection. the management of rsv infection is essentially supportive, thus prophylaxis offers the best hope of reducing the morbidity ... | 2000 | 11249487 |
| qs-21 synergizes with recombinant interleukin-12 to create a potent adjuvant formulation for the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | in the murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, recombinant interleukin-12 (ril-12) was previously demonstrated to be most effective as an adjuvant for fusion (f) protein-based vaccines after adsorption to alum adjuvant. alum, however, is a potent inducer of polarized t-cell responses and the type 2 phenotype. in addition, studies in human cancer patients demonstrated that ril-12 was toxic when administered systemically at high doses. because of these issues, we investigated ... | 2000 | 11192297 |
| allelic complementation between mhc haplotypes b(q) and b17 increases regression of rous sarcomas. | major histocompatibility (b) complex haplotypes b(q) and b17 were examined for their effect on rous sarcoma outcome. pedigree matings of b(q)b17 chickens from the second backcross generation (bc2) of line ucd 001 (b(q)b(q)) mated to line ucd 003 (b17b17) produced progeny with genotypes b(q)b(q), b(q)b17, and b17b17. six-week-old chickens were injected with subgroup a rous sarcoma virus (rsv). the tumors were scored for size at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks postinoculation. a tumor profile index (t ... | 2000 | 11194035 |
| staphylococcal surface display and its applications. | novel surface proteins can be introduced onto the bacterial cell surface by recombinant means. here, we describe the development of such display systems for two food-grade bacteria, staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus, and present how such engineered bacteria can be used in different applications. a study will be described in which such staphylococci were employed as vaccine delivery vehicles to elicit protective antibody responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the use of ... | 2000 | 11200538 |
| [epidemiology of viral nosocomial infections in pediatrics]. | nosocomial viral infections account for at least 5% of the total of ni and reach 23% in pediatric wards. the nosocomial infection (ni) incidence rate varies from 0.59 to 0.72 per 100 patients in pediatric wards. many viruses have been associated with ni in pediatric wards. rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the most frequent. other viruses frequently identified are: calicivirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, influenza et para-influenza, rhinovirus and coronavirus. asymptomatic infecti ... | 2000 | 11204919 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccines for otitis media. | rsv is a high priority for vaccine development because of its propensity to cause pneumonia and bronchiolitis in the infant and young child. since rsv infection is likely to be a substantial contributor to otitis media, a vaccine could also decrease rates of this disease. no vaccine has yet been developed but it is hoped that the availability of an rsv infectious clone will make it possible to develop a live virus vaccine for the infant and young child. subunit rsv vaccines are being developed f ... | 2000 | 11163465 |
| passive immunization for the prevention of otitis media. | the safety and protective efficacy of exogenously-administered immunoglobulin for the prevention of otitis media has been demonstrated in the clinical trials of the human-derived polyclonal immune globulin used to prevent haemophilus influenzae type b disease and respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk neonates and young children. however, this form of therapy is expensive, difficult to administer due to the requirements of slow intravenous infusion or relatively large volumes given i ... | 2000 | 11163474 |
| mip-1alpha is produced but it does not control pulmonary inflammation in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. | the intent of this study was to compare the cellular and biochemical inflammatory responses of mice infected with the paramyxovirus pathogens respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). although rsv is not a natural pathogen of mice, it has been used extensively in mouse models of the human disease, as a limited respiratory infection can be established via intranasal inoculation of virus at high titer. in earlier work, we found that acute infection with the natural roden ... | 2000 | 11161432 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of gene gun vaccinated mice induces th2-driven pulmonary eosinophilia even in the absence of sensitisation to the fusion (f) or attachment (g) protein. | complete protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was induced in mice vaccinated on two occasions with 2.5 microg of dna, encoding the fusion (f) protein of rsv, precipitated onto gold microbeads. in contrast, immunisation with dna encoding the attachment (g) protein of rsv resulted in a significant reduction in viral load following infection, but did not afford complete protection. gene gun delivery of dna-f elicited a t helper-2 (th2) biased immune response that could not ... | 2000 | 11137237 |
| [a patient of infantile polymyositis triggered by respiratory syncytium virus infection]. | an 11-month-old boy developed acute polymyositis about 1 week after respiratory syncytium virus (rsv) pneumonia. he was admitted to our hospital because of interstitial pneumonia. rsv infection was confirmed by the presence of its antigen in his nasal discharge. two weeks later, his chest x-ray findings improved and rsv antigen became negative, but severe generalized muscle weakness developed, causing respiratory failure. muscle biopsy demonstrated inflammatory cellular infiltration with occasio ... | 2000 | 11144172 |
| a negative search for a paramyxoviral etiology of paget's disease of bone: molecular, immunological, and ultrastructural studies in uk patients. | paget's disease of bone is a common bone disease characterized by increased and disorganized bone remodeling at focal sites throughout the skeleton. the etiology of the disease is unresolved. a persistent viral infection has long been suggested to cause the disease. antigen and/or nucleic acid sequences of paramyxoviruses (in particular measles virus [mv], canine distemper virus [cdv], and respiratory syncytial virus [rsv]) have been reported in pagetic bone by a number of groups; however, other ... | 2000 | 11127197 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1999-2000 season. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) among infants and children worldwide (1) and is an important cause of lrti among older children and adults (2). despite the presence of maternal antibodies, most hospitalizations occur among infants aged <6 months, and nearly all children are infected by age 2 years (3). although primary infection is usually most severe, reinfection throughout life is common (4). in temperate climates, rsv infections ... | 2000 | 11130859 |
| il-12-activated nk cells reduce lung eosinophilia to the attachment protein of respiratory syncytial virus but do not enhance the severity of illness in cd8 t cell-immunodeficient conditions. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of hospitalization in children under 1 year of age. rsv causes common colds in older children and adults, but can cause serious disease in immunodeficient patients and the elderly. development of effective vaccines and treatments for rsv infection is therefore a priority. because bronchiolitis and vaccine-augmented disease are thought to be caused by exuberant t cell activation, attention has focused on the use ... | 2000 | 11120841 |
| in vivo transduction of cerebellar purkinje cells using adeno-associated virus vectors. | we investigated whether adenovirus or adeno-associated virus vectors can transduce cerebellar purkinje cells (pcs) in vivo. mice were injected in the deep cerebellar nuclei (dcn) with lacz-transducing adenovirus (ad.rsv-betagal) or a recombinant aav serotype 2 (raav2) vector (vtr-cmvbeta) mixed with wild-type adenovirus type 5 (ad5). one week later, ad.rsv-betagal transduced cells were found throughout the cerebellar white matter in a dose-dependent manner, but few transduced pcs were evident. i ... | 2000 | 11082318 |
| association of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with the interleukin 8 gene region in uk families. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all children by the end of their second winter. why some develop bronchiolitis is poorly understood; it is not known whether there is a genetic component. the pathological features include neutrophil infiltration and high levels of interleukin 8 (il-8), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. | 2000 | 11083887 |
| the attachment (g) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus contains a single immunodominant epitope that elicits both th1 and th2 cd4+ t cell responses. | balb/c mice immunized with a vaccinia virus expressing the attachment (g) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) develop a virus-specific cd4(+) t cell response that consists of a mixture of th1 and th2 cd4(+) t cells following intranasal infection with live rsv. recent work has shown that both th1 and th2 cd4(+) t cells are elicited to a single region comprising aa 183-197 of the g protein. to more precisely define the cd4(+) t cell epitope(s) contained within this region, we created ... | 2000 | 11086089 |
| a role for ubiquitin ligase recruitment in retrovirus release. | retroviral gag polyproteins have specific regions, commonly referred to as late assembly (l) domains, which are required for the efficient separation of assembled virions from the host cell. the l domain of hiv-1 is in the c-terminal p6(gag) domain and contains an essential p(t/s)ap core motif that is widely conserved among lentiviruses. in contrast, the l domains of oncoretroviruses such as rous sarcoma virus (rsv) have a more n-terminal location and a ppxy core motif. in the present study, we ... | 2000 | 11087860 |
| concerted regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory gene expression by luteinizing hormone and insulin (or insulin-like growth factor i) in primary cultures of porcine granulosa-luteal cells. | the steroidogenic acute regulatory (star) protein is indispensable for maximal trophic hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis by the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary. recently, our laboratory developed an in vitro primary culture system of porcine granulosa-luteal cells that retain responsiveness to lh and show lh and insulin [or insulin-like growth factor (igf-i)] synergy in stimulating star messenger rna accumulation. here, we examine the mechanisms subserving this lh-insulin (igf-i) augmentation. ... | 2000 | 11089528 |
| rous sarcoma virus translation revisited: characterization of an internal ribosome entry segment in the 5' leader of the genomic rna. | the 5' leader of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) genomic rna and of retroviruses in general is long and contains stable secondary structures that are critical in the early and late steps of virus replication such as rna dimerization and packaging and in the process of reverse transcription. the initiation of rsv gag translation has been reported to be 5' cap dependent and controlled by three short open reading frames located in the 380-nucleotide leader upstream of the gag start codon. translation of r ... | 2000 | 11090156 |
| identification of two intracellular mechanisms leading to reduced expression of oncoretrovirus envelope glycoproteins at the cell surface. | all retrovirus glycoproteins have a cytoplasmic domain that plays several roles in virus replication. we have determined whether and how the cytoplasmic domains of oncoretrovirus glycoproteins modulate their intracellular trafficking, by using chimeric proteins that combined the alpha-chain of the interleukin-2 receptor with the glycoprotein cytoplasmic domains of five oncoretroviruses: human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), bovine leukemia virus (blv), murine leu ... | 2000 | 11090173 |
| epidemiological aspects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in italy: a national survey. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies and children, producing serious infections and short- to medium-term complications. we conducted a survey, using a questionnaire, to determine the opinions of paediatricians on the geographical and seasonal distribution, and the clinical impact of rsv in italy. of the 344 paediatricians who responded, 66% had admitted children affected by rsv into their department, and 38% o ... | 2000 | 11092230 |
| effectiveness of palivizumab: evaluation of outcomes from the 1998 to 1999 respiratory syncytial virus season. the palivizumab outcomes study group. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a significant cause of morbidity, especially in premature infants and immunocompromised children, resulting in approximately 100 000 hospitalizations annually. a study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of those given palivizumab (synagis; medimmune, inc., gaithersburg, md) during the 1998 to 1999 rsv season, its first season in general use. | 2000 | 11099087 |
| predictors of asthma three years after hospital admission for wheezing in infancy. | to evaluate the influence of early antiinflammatory therapy in the development of asthma 3 years after hospitalization for wheezing in infancy. in addition, the effects of allergic sensitization and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on the development of asthma were investigated. | 2000 | 11099596 |
| rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection among children in medicaid. | to determine rates of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among children with and without specific medical conditions. | 2000 | 11113845 |
| both immunisation with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine and a mock antigen vaccine induce severe lung pathology and a th2 cytokine profile in rsv-challenged mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. immunopathology may play a role in rsv-induced disease and a severe rsv infection may also be associated with an increased risk of developing asthma. vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) prior to infection resulted both in human and in the mouse model in extensive lung pathology. in the mouse model, it has been shown that this aggravation of disease was associ ... | 2000 | 11115725 |
| [prednisolone treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection. a randomized, controlled trial of 147 children]. | our objective was to evaluate the effect of systemic prednisolone as an adjunct to conventional treatment with beta 2-agonist, fluid replacement and respiratory support in hospitalized infants younger than 24 months with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2000 | 11116451 |
| palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in high-risk infants: a cost-effectiveness analysis. | prophylactic therapy with palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce the number of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in preterm infants. the cost-effectiveness of this therapy has not been evaluated from the provider's perspective using cost data. | 2000 | 11117660 |
| protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) elicited in mice by plasmid dna immunisation encoding a secreted rsv g protein-derived antigen. | plasmid vectors encoding two different variants, one cytoplasmic and one secreted version, of a candidate vaccine bbg2na to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were constructed and evaluated in a nucleic acid vaccination study. the two different vectors, which employed the semliki forest virus gene amplification system, were found to express bbg2na appropriately in in vitro cell cultures. immunisation of mice with the plasmid vectors elicited significant serum anti-bbg2na igg responses only in th ... | 2000 | 11118904 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is now recognized as a significant problem in certain adult populations. these include the elderly, persons with cardiopulmonary diseases, and immunocompromised hosts. epidemiological evidence indicates that the impact of rsv in older adults may be similar to that of nonpandemic influenza. in addition, rsv has been found to cause 2 to 5% of adult community-acquired pneumonias. attack rates in nursing homes are approximately 5 to 10% per year, with significant ra ... | 2000 | 10885982 |
| effect of coexpression of interleukin-2 by recombinant respiratory syncytial virus on virus replication, immunogenicity, and production of other cytokines. | we constructed rrsv/mil-2, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rrsv) containing the coding sequence of murine interleukin-2 (mil-2) in a transcription cassette inserted into the g-f intergenic region. the recovered virus (rrsv/mil-2) expressed high levels (up to 2.8 microg/ml) of mil-2 in cell culture. replication of rrsv/mil-2 in vitro was reduced up to 13.6-fold from that of wild-type (wt) rrsv, an effect that was due to the presence of the foreign insert but was not specific to mil-2. ... | 2000 | 10888656 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses with deletions in the ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2 genes are attenuated in vitro and in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes several proteins that lack well-defined functions; these include ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2. previous work has demonstrated that ns2, sh, and m2-2 can each be deleted from rsv genome and thus are considered as accessory proteins. to determine whether rsv can replicate efficiently when two or more transcriptional units are deleted, we removed ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2 genes individually and in different combinations from an infectious cdna clone derived from hum ... | 2000 | 10891423 |
| increased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. | to determine the burden of viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections (slrti) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected (hiv+) and hiv-uninfected (hiv-) urban black south african children. | 2000 | 10891826 |
| type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors attenuate respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and lung eosinophilia. | viral respiratory infections are considered one of the triggers of exacerbations of asthma. in a model of virus-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (ahr), mice infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were shown to develop ahr accompanied by lung eosinophilia. inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) have been shown to affect airway responsiveness and pulmonary allergic inflammation. in this study, we assessed the effects of type 4 pde (pde4) inhibitors on ahr followi ... | 2000 | 10900250 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children hospitalised with acute lower respiratory tract infection. | data are lacking on respiratory syncytial virus. (rsv) respiratory tract infections in children from developing countries. | 2000 | 10901825 |
| homodimeric reverse transcriptases from rous sarcoma virus mutated within the polymerase or rnase h active site of one subunit are active. | heterodimeric reverse transcriptase (rt) alphabeta from rous sarcoma virus (rsv) possesses an asymmetric subunit organization with the polymerase and rnase h active sites localized in the alpha subunit. to determine whether homodimeric rsv rts alpha (63 kda) or beta (95 kda) assume alpha subunit organization similar to that of the heterodimer, an essential aspartic acid residue was mutated in the active site of either the polymerase (asp181 > asn) or the rnase h (asp505 > asn). homodimeric alpha ... | 2000 | 10903507 |
| hospitalisation for rsv infection in ex-preterm infants-implications for use of rsv immune globulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) specific immune globulin is now being marketed for prevention of rsv infection in ex-preterm infants. however, there are no published uk data on the morbidity or mortality from rsv in these infants. | 2000 | 10906017 |
| infectivity of moloney murine leukemia virus defective in late assembly events is restored by late assembly domains of other retroviruses. | the p12 region of the moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mulv) gag protein contains a pppy motif important for efficient virion assembly and release. to probe the function of the pppy motif, a series of insertions of homologous and heterologous motifs from other retroviruses were introduced at various positions in a mutant gag gene lacking the pppy motif. the assembly defects of the pppy deletion mutant could be rescued by insertion of a wild-type pppy motif and flanking sequences at several ectop ... | 2000 | 10906179 |
| characterization of a novel respiratory syncytial virus-specific human cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of morbidity in childhood worldwide. the first human rsv-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope to be defined is described. this hla b7-restricted epitope in nucleoprotein (np) was detectable in four healthy, b7-positive adult subjects using b7-rsv-np tetrameric complexes to stain cd8(+) t cells. | 2000 | 10906229 |