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[preferential elimination of chromosome 5r of rye in the progeny of 5r5d dimonosomics].transmission of chromosome 5r of rye (secale cereale l.) and chromosome 5d of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) through gametes of 5r5d dimonosomics (2n = 42, 20w" + 5r' + 5d') was studied. chromosome 5r was found to have lower competitiveness as compared to 5d. gametes with the rye chromosome were two times less often involved in the formation of a progeny. the combined frequency of the karyotypes of wheat (5d5d) and wheat monosomics (5d) was 11.6-fold higher than the frequency of the karyoty ...201121954615
identification of a large deletion in the first intron of the vrn-d1 locus, associated with loss of vernalization requirement in wild wheat progenitor aegilops tauschii coss.vernalization promotes flowering in winter wheat cultivars, whereas spring wheat cultivars are able to transition from vegetative to reproductive phase without vernalization. the wheat vernalization requirement is mainly controlled by the major locus vrn-1, an apetala1/fruitfull mads-box gene homolog. to study natural variation of the vernalization requirement in a wild progenitor of common wheat, we sequenced the vrn-d(t)1 locus in four accessions of aegilops tauschii coss. some structural muta ...201121952208
reference genes for gene expression studies in wheat flag leaves grown under different farming conditions.internal control genes with highly uniform expression throughout the experimental conditions are required for accurate gene expression analysis as no universal reference genes exists. in this study, the expression stability of 24 candidate genes from triticum aestivum cv. cubus flag leaves grown under organic and conventional farming systems was evaluated in two locations in order to select suitable genes that can be used for normalization of real-time quantitative reverse-transcription pcr (rt- ...201121951810
[the chiral mutagens: cytogenetic effects on higher plants].the paper covers investigation of cytogenetic activity of chiral mutagens and their specific effects on the plant cells chromosomes of soft winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). comparative analysis of cytogenetic activity of chiral neu: s(+)1-n-nitroso- 1-n-methyl-3-n-sec-buthylureas (s(+)nmsbu) and r(-)1-n-nitroso- 1n-methyl-3-nsec-buthylureas (r(-)nmsbu) on winter wheat was performed. as it was shown by the frequency of chromosomal aberrations the s(+) stereoisomer was twice more active than r ...201121950141
[analysis of diversity of russian and ukrainian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits].the allelic diversity of high-moleculat-weght glutenin subunits (h wigs) in russian and ukrainian bread wheat cultivars was analyzed. the diversity of spring wheat cultivars for alleles of the glu-1 loci is characterized by medium values of the polymorphism index (polymorphism information content, plc), and in winter wheats it varies from high at the glu-a1 locus to low at the glu-d1 locus. the spring and winter cultivars differ significantly in the frequencies of alleles of the glutenin loci. t ...201121938954
down-regulating γ-gliadins in bread wheat leads to non-specific increases in other gluten proteins and has no major effect on dough gluten strength.gliadins are a major component of gluten proteins but their role in the mixing of dough is not well understood because their contribution to wheat flour functional properties are not as clear as for the glutenin fraction.201121935456
heat damage of water biscuits from einkorn, durum and bread wheat flours.to limit heat damage and improve the nutritional properties of bakery products, furosine, glucosylisomaltol, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, sugars, α-amylase, β-amylase and colour were assessed during the production of water biscuits from three einkorn, three bread and one durum wheat flours. heat damage indices, colour and aw development during baking (from 25 to 75min duration) of water biscuits from one bread wheat were also studied. furosine was more abundant in durum (86.0±6.29mg/100g pro ...201125212158
domain loss has independently occurred multiple times in plant terpene synthase evolution.the extensive family of plant terpene synthases (tpss) generally has a bi-domain structure, yet phylogenetic analyses consistently indicate that these synthases have evolved from larger diterpene synthases. in particular, that duplication of the diterpene synthase genes required for gibberellin phytohormone biosynthesis provided an early predecessor, whose loss of a approximately 220 amino acid 'internal sequence element' (now recognized as the γ domain) gave rise to the precursor of the modern ...201121999670
a comparative study on the interference of two herbicides in wheat and italian ryegrass and on their antioxidant activities and detoxification rates.a study was carried out to compare the effects of treating wheat (triticum aestivum) and italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) with atrazine and fluorodifen. the herbicides interfered with photosynthesis and dark respiration, depending on the species. atrazine decreased photosynthesis in both species and dark respiration in wheat, while fluorodifen caused decrements of photosynthetic activity of wheat. antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (apx), dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar), an ...201121999101
[dynamic simulation of wheat stem-sheath angle based on process].based on the field experiments with different plant-type wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars and varied population densities, the time-course changes in the angle between stem and sheath (stem-sheath angle) on main stem were observed, and a process-based model was developed for simulating the growth dynamics of stem-sheath angle on the main stem by using system analysis method and dynamic modeling technology. the stem-sheath angle increased with the growth of corresponding leaves, and decreased ...201122007453
characterization of proteins from grain of different bread and durum wheat genotypes.the classical osborne wheat protein fractions (albumins, globulins, gliadins, and glutenins), as well as several proteins from each of the four subunits of gliadin using sds-page analyses, were determined in the grain of five bread (t. aestivum l.) and five durum wheat (t. durum desf.) genotypes. in addition, content of tryptophan and wet gluten were analyzed. gliadins and glutenins comprise from 58.17% to 65.27% and 56.25% to 64.48% of total proteins and as such account for both quantity and qu ...201122016634
duplication and partitioning in evolution and function of homoeologous q loci governing domestication characters in polyploid wheat.the q gene encodes an ap2-like transcription factor that played an important role in domestication of polyploid wheat. the chromosome 5a q alleles (5aq and 5aq) have been well studied, but much less is known about the q alleles on wheat homoeologous chromosomes 5b (5bq) and 5d (5dq). we investigated the organization, evolution, and function of the q/q homoeoalleles in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). q/q gene sequences are highly conserved within and among the a, b, and d genomes of hexap ...201122042872
a recessive gene controlling male sterility sensitive to short daylength/low temperature in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).utilization of a two-line breeding system via photoperiod-thermo sensitive male sterility has a great potential for hybrid production in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). 337s is a novel wheat male sterile line sensitive to both short daylength/low temperature and long daylength/high temperature. five f(2) populations derived from the crosses between 337s and five common wheat varieties were developed for genetic analysis. all f(1)'s were highly fertile while segregation occurred in the f(2) populat ...201122042660
rna-seq in grain unveils fate of neo- and paleopolyploidization events in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).whole genome duplication is a common evolutionary event in plants. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a good model to investigate the impact of paleo- and neoduplications on the organization and function of modern plant genomes.201122136458
self-organized crystallization patterns from evaporating droplets of common wheat grain leakages as a potential tool for quality analysis.we studied the evaporation-induced pattern formation in droplets of common wheat kernel leakages prepared out of ancient and modern wheat cultivars as a possible tool for wheat quality analysis. the experiments showed that the substances which passed into the water during the soaking of the kernels created crystalline structures with different degrees of complexity while the droplets were evaporating. the forms ranged from spots and simple structures with single ramifications, through dendrites, ...201122125430
[establishment of wheat-rye addition lines and de novo powdery mildew resistance gene from chromosome 5r].the f5 plants derived from octoploid triticale × common wheat were investigated by fish methods using repetitive dna sequences pas1 and psc119.2 as probes. the disease resistance of these plants was also screened and evaluated in the field. the 1r, 2r, 3r, 4r, 5r, 6r and 7r monosomic addition lines and 1r and 2r disomic addition lines were found. the occurrence frequencies of chromosomes 1r and 4r addition lines were higher than that of chromosomes 2r, 3r, 5r, 6r, and 7r addition lines in the hi ...201122120083
[molecular-genetic analysis of the breeding bread wheat lines with starch of amylopectin type].pcr-analysis with primers to wx-loci of t. aestivum l. genome lets us run the controlled selection of genotypes with null-alleles of wx-genes while creating bread wheat lines with amylopectin type of starch. microsatellite analysis of selected individual plants which were the carries of three null-alleles of wx-genes (wx-a1b, wx-b1b, wx-d1b) and the cluster analysis in the complex allowed us to pick out four genotypes, which were very close related genetically to the parent form variety kuyalnik ...201122168045
[identification of allelic state of leaf rust-resistance lr34 gene in the cultivars of soft winter wheat of ukrainian breeding].the distribution of alleles at the lr34 locus associated with leaf rust resistance among winter common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars of ukrainian breeding was studied. co-dominant molecular-genetic marker cssfr5 was used for detection of the allelic condition of the lr34 locus. the cultivars with detected allele lr34(+) were identified as potentially "resistant" and the cultivars in which detected allele lr34(-) were identified as potentially "susceptible". the collection of the cultiva ...201122168043
in vitro effect of wheat bran (triticum aestivum) extract on calcium oxalate urolithiasis crystallization.urolithiasis can lead to the loss of renal function in some cases. in this study, we tested the inhibiting effect of wheat bran (triticum aestivum l) extract on calcium oxalate crystallization in a turbidimetric model, by ftir spectroscopy, and polarized microscopy. the results show that this plant extract has a major inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystallization.201122164778
high resolution melting analysis for the detection of ems induced mutations in wheat sbeiia genes.manipulation of the amylose-amylopectin ratio in cereal starch has been identified as a major target for the production of starches with novel functional properties. in wheat, silencing of starch branching enzyme genes by a transgenic approach reportedly caused an increase of amylose content up to 70% of total starch, exhibiting novel and interesting nutritional characteristics. in this work, the functionality of starch branching enzyme iia (sbeiia) has been targeted in bread wheat by tilling. a ...201122074448
comparison of homoeologous chromosome pairing between hybrids of wheat genotypes chinese spring ph1b and kaixian-luohanmai with rye.the ph-like genes in the chinese common wheat landrace kaixian-luohanmai (kl) induce homoeologous pairing in hybrids with alien species. in the present study, meiotic phenotypic differences on homoeologous chromosome pairing at metaphase i between hybrids of wheat genotypes chinese spring ph1b (csph1b) and kl with rye were studied by genomic in situ hybridization (gish). the frequency of wheat-wheat associations was higher in csph1b×rye than in kl×rye. however, frequencies of wheat-rye and rye-r ...201122070394
[combination effects of enhanced uv-b radiation and o3 stress on photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat].experiments were conducted under open-top-chambers conditions to assess the photosynthetic responses of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l., yangmail6) to supplemental uv-b radiation (10%-10.9% higher then control group, t1) and enhanced ozone [(100 +/- 9) nmol x mol(-1), t2], separately and in combination (combination treatment, t3), making use of lcpro + portable photosynthesis system and diving-pam fluorometer to determine gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. results indicated ...201122279919
assessing wheat (triticum aestivum) genotypes for "yr" resistance genes using conserved regions and simple-sequence motifs.analysis of dna sequence variation among genotypes is useful for differentiation of wheat accessions, selection strategies and genetic development of crop plants. we screened molecular markers for yellow rust resistance genes (yr7, yr9, yr15, yr18, yr26, and yrh52), which are in the gene-rich regions of wheat chromosomes 1b, 2b, and 7d, to investigate dna sequence differences and repeat motifs and numbers between wheat cultivars resistant (izgi2001, sonmez2001, pi178383) and susceptible (aytin98 ...201122180070
gene flow in genetically modified wheat.understanding gene flow in genetically modified (gm) crops is critical to answering questions regarding risk-assessment and the coexistence of gm and non-gm crops. in two field experiments, we tested whether rates of cross-pollination differed between gm and non-gm lines of the predominantly self-pollinating wheat triticum aestivum. in the first experiment, outcrossing was studied within the field by planting "phytometers" of one line into stands of another line. in the second experiment, outcro ...201122216349
nucleotide diversity and molecular evolution of the wag-2 gene in common wheat (triticum aestivum l) and its relatives.in this work, we examined the genetic diversity and evolution of the wag-2 gene based on new wag-2 alleles isolated from wheat and its relatives. only single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) and no insertions and deletions (indels) were found in exon sequences of wag-2 from different species. more snps and indels occurred in introns than in exons. for exons, exons+introns and introns, the nucleotide polymorphism π decreased from diploid and tetraploid genotypes to hexaploid genotypes. this finding ...201122215965
heteroplasmy and expression of mitochondrial genes in alloplasmic and euplasmic wheat.the plant chondriome confers a complex nature. the atp4 gene (formerly called orf25) of aegilops crassa (cr) harbors the promoter sequence of the rps7 gene from common wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring, cs). the rps7 gene of cr has the promoter sequence of cs atp6. the atp6 gene of cr contains an unknown sequence inside of its coding region. since repeat sequences have been found around the breaking points, these structural alterations are most likely generated through homologous recom ...201122214593
dissection and cytological mapping of barley chromosome 2h in the genetic background of common wheat.we used gametocidal (gc) chromosomes 2c and 3c(sat) to dissect barley 2h added to common wheat. the gc chromosome induces chromosomal breakage resulting in chromosomal aberrations in the progeny of the 2h addition line of common wheat carrying the monosomic gc chromosome. we conducted in situ hybridization to select plants carrying structurally rearranged aberrant 2h chromosomes and characterized them by sequential c-banding and in situ hybridization. we established 66 dissection lines of common ...201122214592
protective response of 28-homobrassinolide in cultivars of triticum aestivum with different levels of nickel.seeds of five wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars (pbw-373, up-2338, dl-lok-01, dl-373, and hd-2338) were sown in earthen pots and 10-day-old seedlings were exposed to 0, 50, and 100 μm of nickel (ni) in the form of nickel chloride. at the 20-day stage, seedlings were sprayed with 0.01 μm of 28-homobrassinolide (hbl). the results of the experiment at the 30-day stage revealed a decline in the dry mass per plant, leaf area, leaf water potential, and net photosynthetic rate with concomitant declin ...201120464550
searching for wheat plants with low toxicity in celiac disease: between direct toxicity and immunologic activation.natural or induced variations in the noxiousness of gluten proteins for celiac disease (cd) patients are currently being investigated for their potential in breeding wheat crops with reduced toxicity.201120554485
inbreeding depression and low between-population heterosis in recently diverged experimental populations of a selfing species.in fragmented populations, genetic drift and selection reduce genetic diversity, which in turn results in a loss of fitness or in a loss of evolvability. genetic rescue, that is, controlled input of diversity from distant populations, may restore evolutionary potential, whereas outbreeding depression might counteract the positive effect of this strategy. we carried out self-pollination and crosses within and between populations in an experimental subdivided population of a selfing species, triti ...201120531445
interactive effect of calcium and gibberellin on nickel tolerance in relation to antioxidant systems in triticum aestivum l.nickel toxicity affects many metabolic facets of plants and induces anatomical and morphological changes resulting in reduced growth and productivity. to overcome the damaging effects of nickel (ni) stress, different strategies of the application of nutrients with plant hormones are being adopted. the present experiment was carried out to assess the growth and physiological response of wheat plant (triticum aestivum l.) cv. samma to pre-sowing seed treatment with ga(3) alone as well as in combin ...201120730631
genotypic variation in drought stress response and subsequent recovery of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, sadovo, katya and prelom, with different tolerance to drought were comparatively evaluated in terms of leaf respiratory responses to progressing dehydration and consecutive rewatering. under drought stress, the respiration of all varieties gradually decreased, as the drought-tolerant katya showed the most pronounced decline at earlier stages of dehydration. when water stress intensified, this genotype gave relatively stable respiration rates compared ...201120502935
early and late plastid development in response to chill stress and heat stress in wheat seedlings.five-day-old etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were transferred to 7°c (chill stress), 25°c (control), and 42°c (heat stress) and were kept in the dark or light for different time periods. plastids were isolated from the control and stressed seedlings, and their low-temperature (77 k) fluorescence emission spectra were monitored. most of the protochlorophyllide (pchlide) present in heat-stressed etiolated seedlings were in nonphototransformable form. the phototransformable pchlide ...201121063735
qtl mapping for quantities of protein fractions in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).one of the key targets of breeding programs in bread wheat is to improve the end-use quality. the relationships between quantities of protein fractions and dough rheological characters have been well established, but there is little information on the genetic control of quantities of protein fractions. two hundred and forty f(6) recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two chinese wheat cultivars, ph82-2 and neixiang 188, were sown at jiaozuo in henan province in the 2005-2006 and 2 ...201121161501
variation in crossover rates across a 3-mb contig of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) reveals the presence of a meiotic recombination hotspot.in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), initial studies using deletion lines indicated that crossover (co) events occur mainly in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes with a possible correlation with the presence of genes. however, little is known about the distribution of cos at the sequence level. to investigate this, we studied in detail the pattern of cos along a contig of 3.110 mb using two f2 segregating populations (chinese spring × renan (f2-csre) and chinese spring × courtot (f2-csct ...201121161258
association mapping for quality traits in soft winter wheat.improvement of end-use quality in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) depends on a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of important quality traits. the main goal of our study was to investigate the genetic basis of 1,000-kernel weight, protein content, sedimentation volume, test weight, and starch concentration using an association mapping approach. we fingerprinted 207 diverse european elite soft winter wheat lines with 115 ssr markers and evaluated the genotypes in multi-environment tri ...201121153626
dissection of qtl effects for root traits using a chromosome arm-specific mapping population in bread wheat.a high-resolution chromosome arm-specific mapping population was used in an attempt to locate/detect gene(s)/qtl for different root traits on the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1rs) in bread wheat. this population consisted of induced homoeologous recombinants of 1rs with 1bs, each originating from a different crossover event and distinct from all other recombinants in the proportions of rye and wheat chromatin present. it provides a simple and powerful approach to detect even small qtl effects ...201121153397
analysis of elevated temperature-induced inhibition of photosystem ii using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).wheat is the major crop plant in many parts of the world. elevated temperature-induced changes in photosynthetic efficiency were studied in wheat (t. aestivum) leaves by measuring chl a fluorescence induction kinetics. detached leaves were subjected to elevated temperature stress of 35 °c, 40 °c or 45 °c. parameters such as fv/fm, performance index (pi), and reaction centre to absorbance ratio (rc/abs) were deduced using radial plots from fluorescence induction curves obtained with a plant effic ...201121143718
minimisation of instrumental noise in the acquisition of ft-nir spectra of bread wheat using experimental design and signal processing techniques.spectral resolution (r) and number of repeated scans (s) have a significant effect on the s/n ratio of fourier transform-near infrared (ft-nir) spectra, but the optimal values of these two parameters have to be determined empirically for a specific problem, considering separately both the nature of the analysed matrix and the specific instrumental setup. to achieve this aim, the instrumental noise of replicated ft-nir spectra of wheat samples was modelled as a function of r and s by means of the ...201121127845
a screening method to identify genetic variation in root growth response to a salinity gradient.salinity as well as drought are increasing problems in agriculture. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum desf.) is relatively salt sensitive compared with bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and yields poorly on saline soil. field studies indicate that roots of durum wheat do not proliferate as extensively as bread wheat in saline soil. in order to look for genetic diversity in root growth within durum wheat, a screening method was developed to identify genetic variation in rates of root ...201121118825
pretreatment with h(2) o(2) alleviates aluminum-induced oxidative stress in wheat seedlings.hydrogen peroxide (h(2) o(2) ) is a key reactive oxygen species (ros) in signal transduction pathways leading to activation of plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. in this study, we investigated the effects of h(2) o(2) pretreatment on aluminum (al) induced antioxidant responses in root tips of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, yangmai-5 (al-sensitive) and jian-864 (al-tolerant). al increased accumulation of h(2) o(2) and o(2) (•-) leading to more predominant lipid perox ...201121205173
quantitative proteomic analysis of wheat cultivars with differing drought stress tolerance.using a series of multiplexed experiments we studied the quantitative changes in protein abundance of three australian bread wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.) in response to a drought stress. three cultivars differing in their ability to maintain grain yield during drought, kukri (intolerant), excalibur (tolerant), and rac875 (tolerant), were grown in the glasshouse with cyclic drought treatment that mimicked conditions in the field. proteins were isolated from leaves of mature plants and i ...201122639595
mutational analysis of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase shows the role of six amino acids in the catalytic mechanism.nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (npps, pf01663) release nucleoside 5'-monophosphates from a wide range of nucleotide substrates. only very recently, the first plant members of the npp family were characterised (joye et al. j cereal sci 51: 326-336, 2010), and little is known about their substrate-specifying residues. we elucidated the role of six amino acid residues of the recently identified and characterised triticum aestivum l. npp (joye et al. j cereal sci 51: 326-336, 2010). ...201121190107
cytological dissection of the triticeae chromosomes by the gametocidal system.triticeae species have a large and complex genome, which has made it difficult to obtain their sequence data. some alien chromosomes called the gametocidal (gc) chromosomes introduced into common wheat can induce chromosomal breakage resulting in the generation of deletions and translocations. the induced deletions have been established as deletion stocks in common wheat. this gc system is also effective in inducing chromosomal breakages in triticeae chromosomes added to common wheat. the induce ...201121181535
haplotype analysis of the genes encoding glutamine synthetase plastic isoforms and their association with nitrogen-use- and yield-related traits in bread wheat.glutamine synthetase (gs) plays a key role in the growth, nitrogen (n) use and yield potential of cereal crops. investigating the haplotype variation of gs genes and its association with agronomic traits may provide useful information for improving wheat n-use efficiency and yield. we isolated the promoter and coding region sequences of the plastic glutamine synthetase isoform (gs2) genes located on chromosomes 2a, 2b and 2d in bread wheat. by analyzing nucleotide sequence variations of the codi ...201121039562
unexpected presence of graminan- and levan-type fructans in the evergreen frost-hardy eudicot pachysandra terminalis (buxaceae): purification, cloning, and functional analysis of a 6-sst/6-sft enzyme.about 15% of flowering plants accumulate fructans. inulin-type fructans with β(2,1) fructosyl linkages typically accumulate in the core eudicot families (e.g. asteraceae), while levan-type fructans with β(2,6) linkages and branched, graminan-type fructans with mixed linkages predominate in monocot families. here, we describe the unexpected finding that graminan- and levan-type fructans, as typically occurring in wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), also accumulate in pachysand ...201121037113
pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.)--the impact of lignin relocation and plant tissues on enzymatic accessibility.wheat straw is a potential feedstock for bioethanol production. this paper investigates tissues from whole internode sections subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment at 185°c and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis up to 144 h. analyses revealed an increase in surface lignin as hydrolysis progressed, which could be coupled to the gradual decrease in hydrolysis rate over time. the data support the hypothesis of lignin extraction from the cell wall matrix during pretreatment and deposition as droplets ...201121036603
characterization of a common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tasnrk2.7 gene involved in abiotic stress responses.sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) plays a key role in the plant stress signalling transduction pathway via phosphorylation. here, a snrk2 member of common wheat, tasnrk2.7, was cloned and characterized. southern blot analysis suggested that the common wheat genome contains three copies of tasnrk2.7. subcellular localization showed the presence of tasnrk2.7 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. expression patterns revealed that tasnrk2.7 is expressed strongly in ro ...201121030389
identification and characterization of high temperature stress responsive genes in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and their regulation at various stages of development.to elucidate the effect of high temperature, wheat plants (triticum aestivum cv. cpan 1676) were given heat shock at 37 and 42°c for 2 h, and responsive genes were identified through pcr-select subtraction technology. four subtractive cdna libraries, including three forward and one reverse subtraction, were constructed from three different developmental stages. a total of 5,500 ests were generated and 3,516 high quality ests submitted to genbank. more than one-third of the ests generated fall in ...201120972607
transfer of the barrier to radial oxygen loss in roots of hordeum marinum to wheat (triticum aestivum): evaluation of four h. marinum-wheat amphiploids.• wide hybridization of waterlogging-tolerant hordeum marinum with wheat (triticum aestivum) to produce an amphiploid might be one approach to improve waterlogging tolerance in wheat. • growth, root aerenchyma and porosity, and radial oxygen loss (rol) along roots were measured in four h. marinum-wheat amphiploids and their parents (four accessions of h. marinum and chinese spring wheat) in aerated or stagnant nutrient solution. a soil experiment was also conducted. • hordeum marinum maintained ...201121054414
alternative splicing in the coding region of ppo-a1 directly influences the polyphenol oxidase activity in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).polyphenol oxidase (ppo) plays a crucial role in browning reactions in fresh and processed fruits and vegetables, as well as products made from cereal grains. common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has a large genome, representing an interesting system to advance our understanding of plant ppo gene expression, regulation and function. in the present study, we characterized the expression of ppo-a1, a major ppo gene located on wheat chromosome 2a, using dna sequencing, semi-quantitative rt-pcr, ppo ...201121046181
expression divergence of tambd2 homoeologous genes encoding methyl cpg-binding domain proteins in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).most hexaploid wheat genes are present as triplicate homoeologs derived from the ancestral species. previously, we isolated six wheat cdnas with open reading frame, encoding methyl cpg-binding domain proteins (mbds). in this study, the genomic and cdna sequences of three tambd2 homoeologous genes were obtained and mapped on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, respectively. these sequences showed a very high conservation in the coding region and the exon/intron structure, but the cdna sequences are distin ...201120951189
toxic effect of tetracycline exposure on growth, antioxidative and genetic indices of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).more attention has been paid to tetracycline contamination in view of its rapid increasing concentration in the environment. therefore, it is important to set up rapid, simple, and accurate methods for monitoring tetracycline ecotoxicity.201120936531
a comparative analysis of leaf shape of wheat, barley and maize using an empirical shape model.the phenotypes of grasses show differences depending on growth conditions and ontogenetic stage. understanding these responses and finding suitable mathematical formalizations are an essential part of the development of plant and crop models. usually, a marked change in architecture between juvenile and adult plants is observed, where dimension and shape of leaves are likely to change. in this paper, the plasticity of leaf shape is analysed according to growth conditions and ontogeny.201120929895
new slow-rusting leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes lr67 and yr46 in wheat are pleiotropic or closely linked.the common wheat genotype 'rl6077' was believed to carry the gene lr34/yr18 that confers slow-rusting adult plant resistance (apr) to leaf rust and stripe rust but located to a different chromosome through inter-chromosomal reciprocal translocation. however, haplotyping using the cloned lr34/yr18 diagnostic marker and the complete sequencing of the gene indicated lr34/yr18 is absent in rl6077. we crossed rl6077 with the susceptible parent 'avocet' and developed f(3), f(4) and f(6) populations fr ...201120848270
analysis of high temperature stress on the dynamics of antenna size and reducing side heterogeneity of photosystem ii in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).this study demonstrates the effect of high temperature stress on the heterogeneous behavior of psii in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. photosystem ii in green plant chloroplasts displays heterogeneity both in the composition of its light harvesting antenna i.e. on the basis of antenna size (α, β and γ centers) and in the ability to reduce the plastoquinone pool i.e. the reducing side of the reaction centers (q(b)-reducing centers and q(b)-non-reducing centers). detached wheat leaves were subje ...201120840840
identification and development of a functional marker of tagw2 associated with grain weight in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the osgw2 gene is involved in rice grain development, influencing grain width and weight. its ortholog in wheat, tagw2, was considered as a candidate gene related to grain development. we found that tagw2 is constitutively expressed, with three orthologs expressing simultaneously. the coding sequence (cds) of tagw2 is 1,275 bp encoding a protein with 424 amino acids, and has a functional domain shared with osgw2. no divergence was detected within the cds sequences in the same locus in ten variet ...201120838758
silicon improves the tolerance of wheat seedlings to ultraviolet-b stress.enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b) irradiation is one of the most important abiotic stresses that could influence the growth and physiological traits of plants. in this work, we reported the effects of silicon on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv hengmai5229) subject to uv-b stress. treatments with silicon significantly increased total biomass and chlorophyll (a + b) content, and reduced malondialdehyde (mda) content and the rate of superoxide ra ...201120882366
variation in cadmium tolerance and accumulation and their relationship in wheat recombinant inbred lines at seedling stage.in order to identify the variation of cadmium (cd) tolerance and accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a study was conducted in hydroponic culture with or without cd using recombinant inbred lines (rils) consisting of 103 rils derived from a cross of chuan 35050 × shannong 483 at seedling stage. the parameters of shoot height, secondary roots numbers, tiller numbers, shoot dry weights, root dry weights, and maximum efficiency of photosystem ii photochemistry under dark-adopted conditions ...201120809273
activation of the plant mitochondrial potassium channel by free fatty acids and acyl-coa esters: a possible defence mechanism in the response to hyperosmotic stress.the effect of free fatty acids (ffas) and acyl-coa esters on k(+) uptake was studied in mitochondria isolated from durum wheat (triticum durum desf.), a species that has adapted well to the semi-arid mediterranean area and possessing a highly active mitochondrial atp-sensitive k(+) channel (pmitok(atp)), that may confer resistance to environmental stresses. this was made by swelling experiments in kcl solution under experimental conditions in which pmitok(atp) activity was monitored. linoleate a ...201120801915
no neocentric activity on aegilops markgrafii chromosome e.classical neocentromeres, proven mainly in poaceae species, cause meiotic drive in higher plants. here i present data indicating that the morphological stretching of a chromatin domain at the long arm of aegilops markgrafii chromosome e during meiosis is not due to a supposed neocentric activity. the stretching is visible at the alien univalent in metaphase i and anaphase i pollen mother cells of triticum aestivum--ae. markgrafii monosomic addition line e and at one univalent of the 49-chromosom ...201120720397
the efficacy of ultramolecular aqueous dilutions on a wheat germination model as a function of heat and aging-time.this study evaluates the effects of temperature and aging on the efficacy of as(2)o(3) at the 45th decimal potency in a wheat germination model, compared against a control and potentized h(2)o 45×. each treatment-temperature combination was tested on seeds (triticum aestivum l.) of pandas variety, using six petri dishes (33 seeds/dish) per trial, performing eight trials. seeds were pre-treated by poisoning with 0.1% as(2)o(3) solution to reduce germination, to allow a better evaluation of homeop ...201120028717
[simulation on the restoration effect of soil moisture in alfalfa (medicago sativa)-grain rotation system in semi-arid and drought-prone regions of loess plateau].with the combination of field survey and epic modeling, this paper simulated the restoration effect of soil moisture in different alfalfa (medicago sativa)-grain rotation systems in semi-arid and drought-prone regions of loess plateau. in perennial alfalfa field and in grain crop field after alfalfa, the correlation coefficients between the simulated and observed values of soil moisture content in 0-10 m layer were larger than 0.9 (p < 0.01), and their relative root mean square errors were betwe ...201121548296
nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is phosphorylated in wheat endosperm at serine-404 by an snf1-related protein kinase allosterically inhibited by ribose-5-phosphate.nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-ga3pdhase) is a cytosolic unconventional glycolytic enzyme of plant cells regulated by phosphorylation in heterotrophic tissues. after interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, the phosphorylated enzyme becomes less active and more sensitive to regulation by adenylates and inorganic pyrophosphate. here, we acknowledge that in wheat (triticum aestivum), np-ga3pdhase is specifically phosphorylated by the snrk (snf1-related) protein kinase fam ...201121546456
[effects of intercropping sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheat-rice rotation on the crops growth and their heavy metals uptake from different soil types].a pot experiment with heavy metals- contaminated black soil from heilongjiang province, alluvial soil from henan province, and paddy soil from zhejiang province was conducted to study the effects of intercropping sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheat (triticum aestivum) - rice (oryza sativa) rotation on the growth of the crops and their heavy metals uptake, aimed to explore the feasibility of simultaneous grain production and heavy metals-contaminated soil phytoremediation in ...201122263481
a 3,000-loci transcription map of chromosome 3b unravels the structural and functional features of gene islands in hexaploid wheat.to improve our understanding of the organization and regulation of the wheat (triticum aestivum) gene space, we established a transcription map of a wheat chromosome (3b) by hybridizing a newly developed wheat expression microarray with bacterial artificial chromosome pools from a new version of the 3b physical map as well as with cdna probes derived from 15 rna samples. mapping data for almost 3,000 genes showed that the gene space spans the whole chromosome 3b with a 2-fold increase of gene de ...201122034626
comparative transcriptomics reveals 129 transcripts that are temporally regulated during anther development and meiotic progression in both bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa).meiosis is a specialised type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that generates genetic diversity and prevents chromosome doubling in successive generations. the last decade has seen forward and reverse genetic approaches identifying many genes in the plant kingdom which highlight similarities and differences in the mechanics of meiosis between taxonomic kingdoms. we present here a high throughput in silico analysis, using bread wheat and rice, which has generated a list of 129 t ...201122028702
differential molecular responses of rice and wheat coleoptiles to anoxia reveal novel metabolic adaptations in amino acid metabolism for tissue tolerance.rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum) are the most important starch crops in world agriculture. while both germinate with an anatomically similar coleoptile, this tissue defines the early anoxia tolerance of rice and the anoxia intolerance of wheat seedlings. we combined protein and metabolite profiling analysis to compare the differences in response to anoxia between the rice and wheat coleoptiles. rice coleoptiles responded to anoxia dramatically, not only at the level of protein s ...201121622811
frequent gene movement and pseudogene evolution is common to the large and complex genomes of wheat, barley, and their relatives.all six arms of the group 1 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) were sequenced with roche/454 to 1.3- to 2.2-fold coverage and compared with similar data sets from the homoeologous chromosome 1h of barley (hordeum vulgare). six to ten thousand gene sequences were sampled per chromosome. these were classified into genes that have their closest homologs in the triticeae group 1 syntenic region in brachypodium, rice (oryza sativa), and/or sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and genes that have ...201121622801
collinearity-based marker mining for the fine mapping of pm6, a powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat.the genome sequences of rice (oryza sativa l.) and brachypodium distachyon and the comprehensive triticeae est (expressed sequence tag) resources provide invaluable information for comparative genomics analysis. the powdery mildew resistance gene, pm6, which was introgressed into common wheat from triticum timopheevii, was previously mapped to the wheat chromosome bin of 2bl [fraction length (fl) 0.50-1.00] with limited dna markers. in this study, we saturated the pm6 locus in wheat using the co ...201121468676
unlocking the barley genome by chromosomal and comparative genomics.we used a novel approach that incorporated chromosome sorting, next-generation sequencing, array hybridization, and systematic exploitation of conserved synteny with model grasses to assign ~86% of the estimated ~32,000 barley (hordeum vulgare) genes to individual chromosome arms. using a series of bioinformatically constructed genome zippers that integrate gene indices of rice (oryza sativa), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and brachypodium distachyon in a conserved synteny model, we were able to as ...201121467582
sequencing and assembly of low copy and genic regions of isolated triticum aestivum chromosome arm 7ds.the genome of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is predicted to be greater than 16 gbp in size and consist predominantly of repetitive elements, making the sequencing and assembly of this genome a major challenge. we have reduced genome sequence complexity by isolating chromosome arm 7ds and applied second-generation technology and appropriate algorithmic analysis to sequence and assemble low copy and genic regions of this chromosome arm. the assembly represents approximately 40% of the chromosome ...201121356002
lr34 multi-pathogen resistance abc transporter: molecular analysis of homoeologous and orthologous genes in hexaploid wheat and other grass species.the triticum aestivum (bread wheat) disease resistance gene lr34 confers durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens, and has been a highly relevant gene for wheat breeding since the green revolution. lr34, located on chromosome 7d, encodes an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter. both wheat cultivars with and without lr34-based resistance encode a putatively functional protein that differ by only two amino acid polymorphisms. in this study, we focused on the identific ...201121265893
cloning and characterization of purple acid phosphatase phytases from wheat, barley, maize, and rice.barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) possess significant phytase activity in the mature grains. maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa) possess little or virtually no preformed phytase activity in the mature grain and depend fully on de novo synthesis during germination. here, it is demonstrated that wheat, barley, maize, and rice all possess purple acid phosphatase (pap) genes that, expressed in pichia pastoris, give fully functional phytases (paphys) with very similar enzyme ...201121220762
spatial and seasonal distribution of nitrate-n in groundwater beneath the rice-wheat cropping system of india: a geospatial analysis.increased use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the intensively cultivated rice (oryza sativa)-wheat (triticum aestivum) cropping system (covers a 13.5-ha m area in south asia) has led to the concentration of nitrates (no(3)-n) in the groundwater (gw) in haryana state of india. six districts from the freshwater zone were selected to identify factors affecting no(3)-n enrichment in gw. water and soil samples were collected from 1,580 locations and analyzed for their chemical properties. about 3% (26, ...201120865320
response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown conventionally and on beds in a sandy loam soil.the present study was undertaken to assess the benefit and compare the functioning of am fungi on wheat grown conventionally and on beds. ten treatment combinations were used, treatments 1 and 2: no fertilizers with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi (in vitro produced glomus intraradices); 3:100% of recommended npk: (120 kg ha(-1) n; 60 kg ha(-1) p; 50 kg ha(-1) k), and 4 and 5: 75% of recommended npk dose with and without am inoculation in a 5 × 2 split-plot design on wheat using co ...201122754021
association study of resistance to soilborne wheat mosaic virus in u.s. winter wheat.soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) is one of the most important winter wheat pathogens worldwide. to identify genes for resistance to the virus in u.s. winter wheat, association study was conducted using a selected panel of 205 elite experimental lines and cultivars from u.s. hard and soft winter wheat breeding programs. virus symptoms were evaluated twice in virus-infected fields for the panel at manhattan, ks in spring 2010 and 2011 and for a subpanel of 137 hard winter wheat accessions at s ...201121999158
allelopathic effect of bromus spp. and lolium spp. shoot extracts on some crops.allelopathy is an untapped resource for weed control in crops that could give good possibilities for environmentally sound, integrated crop production. allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds, called allelochemicals, which escape into the environment. allelochemicals can be produced by weeds and affect crops, and the reverse is also true. allelopathic interactions include weed-weed, weed-c ...201122696963
durable resistance to the wheat rusts: integrating systems biology and traditional phenotype-based research methods to guide the deployment of resistance genes.genes which confer partial resistance to the rusts in wheat figure prominently in discussions of potential durable resistance strategies. the positional cloning of the first of these genes, lr34/yr18 and yr36, has revealed different protein structures, suggesting that the category of partial resistance genes, as defined by phenotype, likely groups together suites of functionally heterogenous genes. with the number of mapped partial rust resistance genes increasing rapidly as a result of ongoing ...201126900170
synthesis and herbicidal activity of 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one esters.a series of novel 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one esters were synthesized under mild conditions by the reaction of 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one and carboxylic acids with dcc and dmap as the promoters. their structures were confirmed by ¹h-nmr, ir, esi-ms and elemental analysis. the preliminary bioassy results indicated that some of compounds exhibit good herbicidal activity against zea mays, triticum aestivum and arabidopsis thaliana. the further greenhouse test ...201121455096
organization and dynamics of plant interphase chromosomes.eukaryotic chromosomes occupy distinct territories within interphase nuclei. the arrangement of chromosome territories (cts) is important for replication, transcription, repair and recombination processes. our knowledge about interphase chromatin arrangement is mainly based on results from in situ labeling approaches. the phylogenetic affiliation of a species, cell cycle, differentiation status and environmental factors are all likely to influence interphase nuclear architecture. in this review ...201121393049
discovery and expression profile analysis of ap2/erf family genes from triticum aestivum.throughout its development, common wheat, triticum aestivum responds to different kinds of adverse abiotic and biotic stress by expressing specific genes that allow it to adapt to these stresses. in this process, genes in the ap2/erf family encode transcriptional regulators involved in diverse developmental and physiological processes play critical roles. here, we established an extensive picture of the ap2/erf family genes in wheat. from 960, 174 ests of t. aestivum, 117 putative ap2/erf family ...201120407836
allelopathic effects of ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l.) on cultivated plants.during the past years ragweed has been coming to the forefront of interest in hungary and in other european countries as well because its serious health risk. results of the 5th national weed survey has proven that ragweed is the most important weed species on hungarian field lands, its coverage shows a rising tendency in cereals moreover it not only occurs in cultivated plants. allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts derived from different parts of ragweed plants (air dried leafy stems, seeds) ...201122696964
210pb and 210po in finnish cereals.a survey was carried out on the activity concentrations of (210)pb and (210)po in cereal grains produced in finland. the cereal species were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oats (avena sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare), which account for 90% of the finnish consumption of cereal products. the survey consisted of 18 flour and 13 unprocessed cereal samples and one hulled grain sample from 22 flour mills. according to the results, the mean (210)pb/(210)po concentrations in wheat ...201121035236
distribution and diversity of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in south africa and lesotho.russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae) was recorded for the first time in south africa in 1978. in 2005, a second biotype, rwasa2, emerged, and here we report on the emergence of yet another biotype, found for the first time in 2009. the discovery of new russian wheat aphid biotypes is a significant challenge to the wheat, triticum aestivum l., industry in south africa. russian wheat aphid resistance in wheat, that offered wheat producers a long-term solution to ...201122066205
combined effects of soil moisture and carbaryl to earthworms and plants: simulation of flood and drought scenarios.studying tolerance limits in organisms exposed to climatic variations is key to understanding effects on behaviour and physiology. the presence of pollutants may influence these tolerance limits, by altering the toxicity or bioavailability of the chemical. in this work, the plant species brassica rapa and triticum aestivum and the earthworm eisenia andrei were exposed to different levels of soil moisture and carbaryl, as natural and chemical stressors, respectively. both stress factors were test ...201121514022
[salicylic and jasmonic acids in regulation of the proantioxidant state in wheat leaves infected by septoria nodorum berk].influence of mediators of the signal systems of salicylic (sa) and jasmonic (ja) acids and their mixture on reactive oxygen species' (ros) (superoxide radical o2*- and h2o2) generation and activity of oxidoreductases (oxalate oxidase, peroxidase and catalase) in leaves of wheat triticum aestivum l. infected by septoria leaf blotch pathogen septoria nodorum berk. has been studied. presowing treatment of seeds by sa and ja decreased the development rate of fungus on wheat leaves. sa provided earli ...201122232904
use of dactylaria brochopaga, a predacious fungus, for managing root-knot disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) caused by meloidogyne graminicola.a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the induction of constricting rings and test predation of dactylaria brochopaga isolates against second stage juveniles (j2s) of meloidogyne graminicola. among the five fungal isolates, isolate d showed the greatest number of predatory rings and, consequently, trapped the maximum number of m. graminicola j2s in dual cultures. another pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of d. brochopaga (isolate d) on the management of wheat root-knot di ...201122783087
selection of parents for crossing based on genotyping and phenotyping for stripe rust (puccinia striiformis) resistance and agronomic traits in bread wheat breeding.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germplasm consisting of 45 genotypes were clustered phenotypically using ten morphological traits and area under disease progress curve (audpc) as measure of stripe rust resistance. the clustering was ratified by using twenty three molecular markers (ssr, est and sts) linked to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) resistant qtls. the aim was to asses the extent of genetic variability among the genotypes in order to select the parents for crossing b ...201122329159
absorption efficiency of n, p, k through triple inoculation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by azospirillum brasilense, streptomyces sp., glomus intraradices and manure application.this study examined the effects of different biofertilizers and manure on the absorption and absorption efficiency of macronutrients by wheat in alborz province, iran. the experimental design was factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. the four factors of the experiment were azospirillum (with 600 g/ha and without), mycorrhiza (with 1 kg/ha and without), streptomyces (with 0.5 kg/ha and without) and manure (with 30 t/ha and without). to measure n, p a ...201123573008
insecticidal management and movement of the brown stink bug, euschistus servus, in corn.in eastern north carolina, some brown stink bugs, euschistus servus (say) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) are suspected to pass the f(1) generation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (poales: poaceae) before moving into corn (zea mays l.) (poales: poaceae). these pests can injure corn ears as they develop. to test their effectiveness as a management tactic, pyrethroids were aerially applied to field corn in two experiments, one with 0.77 ha plots and another with 85 ha plots. euschistus servus population ...201122950984
Epiphytic pink-pigmented methylotrophic bacteria enhance germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by producing phytohormone.Methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the phyllosphere of different crop plants such as sugarcane, pigeonpea, mustard, potato and radish. The methylotrophic isolates were differentiated based on growth characteristics and colony morphology on methanol supplemented ammonium mineral salts medium. Amplification of the mxaF gene helped in the identification of the methylotrophic isolates as belonging to the genus Methylobacterium. Cell-free culture filtrates of these strains enhanced seed germi ...201122200783
species composition of aphid vectors (hemiptera: aphididae) of barley yellow dwarf virus and cereal yellow dwarf virus in alabama and western florida.yellow dwarf is a major disease problem of wheat, triticum aestivum l., in alabama and is estimated to cause yield loss of 21-42 bu/acre. the disease is caused by a complex of viruses comprising several virus species, including barley yellow dwarf virus-pav and cereal yellow dwarf virus-rpv. several other strains have not yet been classified into a specific species. the viruses are transmitted exclusively by aphids (hemiptera:aphididae). between the 2005 and 2008 winter wheat seasons, aphids wer ...201121882679
Transcriptome analysis of h(2)o(2)-treated wheat seedlings reveals a h(2)o(2)-responsive Fatty Acid desaturase gene participating in powdery mildew resistance.Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plays important roles in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the effect of H(2)O(2) stress on the bread wheat transcriptome is still lacking. To investigate the cellular and metabolic responses triggered by H(2)O(2), we performed an mRNA tag analysis of wheat seedlings under 10 mM H(2)O(2) treatment for 6 hour in one powdery mildew (PM) resistant (PmA) and two susceptible (Cha and Han) lines. In total, 6,156, 6,875 and 3,276 transcripts were found to ...201122174904
Acetylation degree of chitin in the protective response of wheat plants.Influences on the acetylation degree of chitin manifested by proteins from cultural filtrates of strains of the fungus Septoria nodorum different in aggressiveness and of extracts from leaves of the susceptible (Triticum aestivum) and resistant (Triticum timopheevii) wheat plants infected with these strains were studied. Chitin deacetylase was found among the extracellular proteins of the fungus. Its activity was higher in the aggressive strain of the fungus than in the non-aggressive one, and t ...201122150279
Next-generation sequencing and syntenic integration of flow-sorted arms of wheat chromosome 4A exposes the chromosome structure and gene content.Wheat is the third most important crop for human nutrition in the world. The availability of high-resolution genetic and physical maps and ultimately a complete genome sequence holds great promise for breeding improved varieties to cope with increasing food demand under the conditions of changing global climate. However, the large size of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome (approximately 17 Gb/1C) and the triplication of genic sequence resulting from its hexaploid status have impeded gen ...201121974774
visualisation of stromules in transgenic wheat expressing a plastid-targeted yellow fluorescent protein.stromules are stroma-filled tubules that extend from the plastids in all multicellular plants examined to date. to facilitate the visualisation of stromules on different plastid types in various tissues of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a chimeric gene construct encoding enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) targeted to plastids with the transit peptide of wheat granule-bound starch synthase i was introduced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the gene construct was under the con ...201121274561
concentration-dependent rdx uptake and remediation by crop plants.the potential rdx contamination of food chain from polluted soil is a significant concern in regards to both human health and environment. using a hydroponic system and selected soils spiked with rdx, this study disclosed that four crop plant species maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum sudanese), wheat (triticum aestivum), and soybean (glycine max) were capable of rdx uptake with more in aerial parts than roots. the accumulation of rdx in the plant tissue is concentration-dependent up to 21 mg rd ...201121274639
expression of a radish defensin in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to fusarium graminearum and rhizoctonia cerealis.fusarium head blight (scab), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. wheat sharp eyespot, mainly caused by rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the major diseases of wheat in china. the defensin rsafp2, a small cyteine-rich antifungal protein from radish (raphanus sativus), was shown to inhibit growth in vitro of agronomically important fungal pathogens, such as f. graminearum and r. cerealis. the rsafp2 gene was transformed into c ...201121279533
genetic differentiation of puccinia triticina populations in the middle east and genetic similarity with populations in central asia.leaf rust of wheat, caused by puccinia triticina, is a common and widespread disease in the middle east. the objective of this study was to determine whether genetically differentiated groups of p. triticina are present in the middle east region and to compare the population from the middle east with the previously characterized population from central asia to determine whether genetically similar groups of isolates are found in the two regions. in total, 118 isolates of p. triticina collected f ...201121303212
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