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machine learning approaches distinguish multiple stress conditions using stress-responsive genes and identify candidate genes for broad resistance in rice.abiotic and biotic stress responses are traditionally thought to be regulated by discrete signaling mechanisms. recent experimental evidence revealed a more complex picture where these mechanisms are highly entangled and can have synergistic and antagonistic effects on each other. in this study, we identified shared stress-responsive genes between abiotic and biotic stresses in rice (oryza sativa) by performing meta-analyses of microarray studies. about 70% of the 1,377 common differentially exp ...201324235132
relationship between disease resistance and rice oxalate oxidases in transgenic rice.differential expression of rice oxalate oxidase genes (osoxo1-4) in rice leaves (oryza sativa l.) in response to biotic stress was assayed using rt-pcr. osoxo4 was induced transiently at 12 h in plants inoculated with the pathogens of bacterial blight and that of the wounding control. inoculation with the rice blast pathogen induced osoxo2 expression compared to the mock spray control. overexpressing osoxo1 or osoxo4 in rice resulted in elevated transcript levels of the respective transgene as w ...201324205207
rice wrky13 regulates cross talk between abiotic and biotic stress signaling pathways by selective binding to different cis-elements.plants use a complex signal transduction network to regulate their adaptation to the ever-changing environment. rice (oryza sativa) wrky13 plays a vital role in the cross talk between abiotic and biotic stress signaling pathways by suppressing abiotic stress resistance and activating disease resistance. however, it is not clear how wrky13 directly regulates this cross talk. here, we show that wrky13 is a transcriptional repressor. during the rice responses to drought stress and bacterial infecti ...201324130197
a comparative approach expands the protein-protein interaction node of the immune receptor xa21 in wheat and rice.the rice (oryza sativa) osxa21 receptor kinase is a well-studied immune receptor that initiates a signal transduction pathway leading to resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. two homologs of osxa21 were identified in wheat (triticum aestivum): taxa21-like1 located in a syntenic region with osxa21, and taxa21-like2 located in a nonsyntenic region. proteins encoded by these two wheat genes interact with four wheat orthologs of known osxa21 interactors. in this study, we screened a wheat yea ...201323957671
plant micrornas display differential 3' truncation and tailing modifications that are argonaute1 dependent and conserved across species.plant small rnas are 3' methylated by the methyltransferase hua1 enhancer1 (hen1). in plant hen1 mutants, 3' modifications of small rnas, including oligo-uridylation (tailing), are associated with accelerated degradation of micrornas (mirnas). by sequencing small rnas of the wild type and hen1 mutants from arabidopsis thaliana, rice (oryza sativa), and maize (zea mays), we found 3' truncation prior to tailing is widespread in these mutants. moreover, the patterns of mirna truncation and tailing ...201323839787
blast resistance of cc-nb-lrr protein pb1 is mediated by wrky45 through protein-protein interaction.panicle blast 1 (pb1) is a panicle blast resistance gene derived from the indica rice cultivar "modan." pb1 encodes a coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (cc-nb-lrr) protein and confers durable, broad-spectrum resistance to magnaporthe oryzae races. here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying pb1-mediated blast resistance. the pb1 protein interacted with wrky45, a transcription factor involved in induced resistance via the salicylic acid signaling pathway that i ...201323696671
functional analysis and expressional characterization of rice ankyrin repeat-containing protein, ospiank1, in basal defense against magnaporthe oryzae attack.the ankyrin repeat-containing protein gene ospiank1 (ak068021) in rice (oryza sativa l.) was previously shown to be upregulated following infection with the rice leaf blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo). in this study, we further characterized the role of ospiank1 in basal defense against magnaporthe oryzae (m.oryzae) by 5' deletion analysis of its promoter and overexpression of the gene. the promoter of ospiank1 with 1,985 bps in length was sufficient to induce the ospiank1 respo ...201323555750
global analysis of ankyrin repeat domain c3hc4-type ring finger gene family in plants.ankyrin repeat (ank) c3hc4-type ring finger (rf) genes comprise a large family in plants and play important roles in various physiological processes of plant life. in this study, we identified 187 ank c3hc4-type rf proteins from 29 species with complete genomes and named the ank c3hc4-type rf proteins the xb3-like proteins because they are structurally related to the rice (oryza sativa) xb3. a phylogenetic relationship analysis suggested that the xb3-like genes originated from ferns, and the enc ...201323516424
antagonistic, overlapping and distinct responses to biotic stress in rice (oryza sativa) and interactions with abiotic stress.every year, substantial crop loss occurs globally, as a result of bacterial, fungal, parasite and viral infections in rice. here, we present an in-depth investigation of the transcriptomic response to infection with the destructive bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(xoo) in both resistant and susceptible varieties of oryza sativa. a comparative analysis to fungal, parasite and viral infection in rice is also presented.201323398910
multiple rice micrornas are involved in immunity against the blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae.micrornas (mirnas) are indispensable regulators for development and defense in eukaryotes. however, the mirna species have not been explored for rice (oryza sativa) immunity against the blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae, the most devastating fungal pathogen in rice production worldwide. here, by deep sequencing small rna libraries from susceptible and resistant lines in normal conditions and upon m. oryzae infection, we identified a group of known rice mirnas that were differentially expressed upo ...201324335508
an s-domain receptor-like kinase, ossik2, confers abiotic stress tolerance and delays dark-induced leaf senescence in rice.receptor-like kinases play important roles in plant development and defense responses; however, their functions in other processes remain unclear. here, we report that ossik2, an s-domain receptor-like kinase from rice (oryza sativa), is involved in abiotic stress and the senescence process. ossik2 is a plasma membrane-localized protein with kinase activity in the presence of mn(2+). ossik2 is expressed mainly in rice leaf and sheath and can be induced by nacl, drought, cold, dark, and abscisic ...201324143807
osap65, a rice aspartic protease, is essential for male fertility and plays a role in pollen germination and pollen tube growth.aspartic proteases (aps) comprise a large proteolytic enzyme family widely distributed in animals, microbes, viruses, and plants. the rice genome encodes 96 aps, of which only a few have been functionally characterized. here, the identification and characterization of a novel ap gene, osap65, which plays an indispensable role in pollen tube growth in rice, is reported. the t-dna insertion line of osap65 caused severe segregation distortion. in the progeny derived from an individual heterozygous ...201323918968
members of the xb3 family from diverse plant species induce programmed cell death in nicotiana benthamiana.programmed cell death has been associated with plant immunity and senescence. the receptor kinase xa21 confers resistance to bacterial blight disease of rice (oryza sativa) caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). here we show that the xa21 binding protein 3 (xb3) is capable of inducing cell death when overexpressed in nicotiana benthamiana. xb3 is a ring finger-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase that has been positively implicated in xa21-mediated resistance. mutation abolishing the xb3 e3 ac ...201323717500
differential requirement of oryza sativa rar1 in immune receptor-mediated resistance of rice to magnaporthe oryzae.the required for mla12 resistance (rar1) protein is essential for the plant immune response. in rice, a model monocot species, the function of oryza sativa rar1 (osrar1) has been little explored. in our current study, we characterized the response of a rice osrar1 t-dna insertion mutant to infection by magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. osrar1 mutants displayed reduced resistance compared with wild type rice when inoculated with the normally virulent m. oryzae isolate po ...201323563801
heterotrimeric g protein signalling in the plant kingdom.in animals, heterotrimeric g proteins, comprising α-, β-and γ-subunits, perceive extracellular stimuli through cell surface receptors, and transmit signals to ion channels, enzymes and other effector proteins to affect numerous cellular behaviours. in plants, g proteins have structural similarities to the corresponding molecules in animals but transmit signals by atypical mechanisms and effector proteins to control growth, cell proliferation, defence, stomate movements, channel regulation, sugar ...201323536550
the rice resistance protein pair rga4/rga5 recognizes the magnaporthe oryzae effectors avr-pia and avr1-co39 by direct binding.resistance (r) proteins recognize pathogen avirulence (avr) proteins by direct or indirect binding and are multidomain proteins generally carrying a nucleotide binding (nb) and a leucine-rich repeat (lrr) domain. two nb-lrr protein-coding genes from rice (oryza sativa), rga4 and rga5, were found to be required for the recognition of the magnaporthe oryzae effector avr1-co39. rga4 and rga5 also mediate recognition of the unrelated m. oryzae effector avr-pia, indicating that the corresponding r pr ...201323548743
evolution of and horizontal gene transfer in the endornavirus genus.the transfer of genetic information between unrelated species is referred to as horizontal gene transfer. previous studies have demonstrated that both retroviral and non-retroviral sequences have been integrated into eukaryotic genomes. recently, we identified many non-retroviral sequences in plant genomes. in this study, we investigated the evolutionary origin and gene transfer of domains present in endornaviruses which are double-stranded rna viruses. using the available sequences for endornav ...201323667703
γ-oryzanols of north american wild rice (zizania palustris).γ-oryzanol, a natural mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols and sterols, are an important bioactive components present in rice bran oil. in light of the recent increase in the popularity of wild rice among consumers, and the possibility of a direct relationship between γ-oryzanol composition and its bioactivity, the oryzanol profile of major wild rice (zizania palustris) grown in north america was studied and compared to regular brown rice (oryza sativa l.). a total of twenty-thr ...201323913975
genetic recombination is associated with intrinsic disorder in plant proteomes.intrinsically disordered proteins, found in all living organisms, are essential for basic cellular functions and complement the function of ordered proteins. it has been shown that protein disorder is linked to the g + c content of the genome. furthermore, recent investigations have suggested that the evolutionary dynamics of the plant nucleus adds disordered segments to open reading frames alike, and these segments are not necessarily conserved among orthologous genes.201324206529
the rare sugar d-allose acts as a triggering molecule of rice defence via ros generation.only d-allose, among various rare monosaccharides tested, induced resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in susceptible rice leaves with defence responses: reactive oxygen species, lesion mimic formation, and pr-protein gene expression. these responses were suppressed by ascorbic acid or diphenylene iodonium. transgenic rice plants overexpressing osrbohc, encoding nadph oxidase, were enhanced in sensitivity to d-allose. d-allose-mediated defence responses were suppressed by the presence of ...201324014866
improving pharmaceutical protein production in oryza sativa.application of plant expression systems in the production of recombinant proteins has several advantages, such as low maintenance cost, absence of human pathogens, and possession of complex post-translational glycosylation capabilities. plants have been successfully used to produce recombinant cytokines, vaccines, antibodies, and other proteins, and rice (oryza sativa) is a potential plant used as recombinant protein expression system. after successful transformation, transgenic rice cells can b ...201323615467
draft genome sequence of the plant pathogen dickeya zeae dz2q, isolated from rice in italy.dickeya zeae is an emerging rice (oryza sativa) pathogen causing bacterial foot rot. related pathogens affect maize (zea mays) and potato (solanum tuberosum) and a variety of important ornamental and floral plants. here, we present the draft genome sequence of d. zeae dz2q, an isolate obtained from rice grown in italy.201324201194
differential expression of cpks and cytosolic ca2+ variation in resistant and susceptible apple cultivars (malus x domestica) in response to the pathogen erwinia amylovora and mechanical wounding.plant calcium (ca2+) signals are involved in a wide array of intracellular signalling pathways following pathogen invasion. ca2+-binding sensory proteins such as ca2+-dependent protein kinases (cpks) have been predicted to mediate signalling following ca2+ influx after pathogen infection. however, to date this prediction has remained elusive.201324192013
specific subunits of heterotrimeric g proteins play important roles during nodulation in soybean.heterotrimeric g proteins comprising gα, gβ, and gγ subunits regulate many fundamental growth and development processes in all eukaryotes. plants possess a relatively limited number of g-protein components compared with mammalian systems, and their detailed functional characterization has been performed mostly in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa). however, the presence of single gα and gβ proteins in both these species has significantly undermined the complexity and spec ...201323569109
the ureide-degrading reactions of purine ring catabolism employ three amidohydrolases and one aminohydrolase in arabidopsis, soybean, and rice.several ureides are intermediates of purine base catabolism, releasing nitrogen from the purine nucleotides for reassimilation into amino acids. in some legumes like soybean (glycine max), ureides are used for nodule-to-shoot translocation of fixed nitrogen. four enzymes of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), (1) allantoinase, (2) allantoate amidohydrolase (aah), (3) ureidoglycine aminohydrolase, and (4) ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase (uah), catalyze the complete hydrolysis of the ureide allanto ...201323940254
comparison of class 2 transposable elements at superfamily resolution reveals conserved and distinct features in cereal grass genomes.class 2 transposable elements (tes) are the predominant elements in and around plant genes where they generate significant allelic diversity. using the complete sequences of four grasses, we have performed a novel comparative analysis of class 2 tes. to ensure consistent comparative analyses, we re-annotated class 2 tes in brachypodium distachyon, oryza sativa (rice), sorghum bicolor and zea mays and assigned them to one of the five cut-and-paste superfamilies found in plant genomes (tc1/mariner ...201323369001
modeling the evolution dynamics of exon-intron structure with a general random fragmentation process.most eukaryotic genes are interrupted by spliceosomal introns. the evolution of exon-intron structure remains mysterious despite rapid advance in genome sequencing technique. in this work, a novel approach is taken based on the assumptions that the evolution of exon-intron structure is a stochastic process, and that the characteristics of this process can be understood by examining its historical outcome, the present-day size distribution of internal translated exons (exon). through the combinat ...201323448166
genetic transformation of major cereal crops.of the more than 50,000 edible plant species in the world, at least 10,000 species are cereal grains. three major cereal crops, rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and wheat (triticum sp.), provide two-thirds of the world's food energy intake. although crop yields have improved tremendously thanks to technological advances in the past 50 years, population increases and climate changes continue to threaten the sustainability of current crop productions. whereas conventional and marker-assisted ...201324166432
the transformation of the photo-thermo sensitive genic male-sterile line 261s of rice via an expression vector containing the anti-waxy gene.transgenic photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterility oryza sativa l. cv. "261s" plants with the anti-waxy gene were successfully obtained using an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation method. marker-free homozygous transgenic lines with the anti-waxy gene were obtained. the setting seed rates of the transgenic plants via self-pollination or via crossing with the restorer line wx99075 rice and the 1000-grain weight of the transgenic plants and the f2 hybrid seeds obtained by cro ...201323853508
an improved agrobacterium-mediated transformation of recalcitrant indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars.agrobacterium-mediated transformation of indica rice varieties has been quite difficult as these are recalcitrant to in vitro responses. in the present study, we established a high-efficiency agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system of rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) cv. ir-64, lalat, and iet-4786. agrobacterium strain eha-101 harboring binary vector pig121-hm, containing a gene encoding for β-glucuronidase (gus) and hygromycin resistance, was used in the transformation experi ...201322878598
effect of silver nanoparticles on oryza sativa l. and its rhizosphere bacteria.silver nanoparticles (agnps) are widely used as antibacterial and antifungal agents in agriculture. nevertheless, these nanoparticles with newborn properties pose a potential risk to the environment, due to contact with crops and bacteria that are beneficial to the soil. this study is based on the examination of the phytotoxic effects of agnps on oryza sativa l. and some of its rhizosphere bacteria, by physiological and biochemical assays. in order to study the complex interaction of the agnps l ...201323174269
evaluation of real-time pcr detection methods for detecting rice products contaminated by rice genetically modified with a cpti-kdel-t-nos transgenic construct.genetically modified (gm) rice (oryza sativa) lines, such as insecticidal kefeng and kemingdao, have been developed and found unauthorised in processed rice products in many countries. therefore, qualitative detection methods for the gm rice are required for the gm food regulation. a transgenic construct for expressing cowpea (vigna unguiculata) trypsin inhibitor (cpti) was detected in some imported processed rice products contaminated with kemingdao. the 3' terminal sequence of the identified t ...201323871003
improved nutrient use efficiency increases plant growth of rice with the use of iaa-overproducing strains of endophytic burkholderia cepacia strain rre25.effect of indole acetic acid (iaa)-overproducing mutants of burkholderia cepacia (rre25), a member of β-subclass of proteobacteria and naturally occurring rice endophyte, was observed on the growth of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants grown under greenhouse conditions. nine mutants were characterized for altered biosynthesis of iaa after nitrous acid mutagenesis. these mutants were grouped into two classes: class i mutants have reduced production of iaa as compared to the wild type, while class ii m ...201323615705
constitutive expression of cell wall invertase genes increases grain yield and starch content in maize.grain size, number and starch content are important determinants of grain yield and quality. one of the most important biological processes that determine these components is the carbon partitioning during the early grain filling, which requires the function of cell wall invertase. here, we showed the constitutive expression of cell wall invertase-encoding gene from arabidopsis, rice (oryza sativa) or maize (zea mays), driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, all increased cel ...201323926950
ossuv3 dual helicase functions in salinity stress tolerance by maintaining photosynthesis and antioxidant machinery in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ir64).to overcome the salinity-induced loss of crop yield, a salinity-tolerant trait is required. the suv3 helicase is involved in the regulation of rna surveillance and turnover in mitochondria, but the helicase activity of plant suv3 and its role in abiotic stress tolerance have not been reported so far. here we report that the oryza sativa (rice) suv3 protein exhibits dna and rna helicase, and atpase activities. furthermore, we report that suv3 is induced in rice seedlings in response to high level ...201323808500
production of green fluorescent protein in transgenic rice seeds.immature embryos from immature seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) were transformed by biolistic bombardment with the plasmid carrying the coding region of the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene under the control of the 5' region of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and the synthetic green fluorescence protein gene (sgfp) under the control of the maize ubiquitine promoter. southern blot analysis confirmed the stable integration of hpt and sgfp genes in transformants. subsequently leaves from ...201323755644
a desd-box helicase functions in salinity stress tolerance by improving photosynthesis and antioxidant machinery in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. pb1).the exact mechanism of helicase-mediated salinity tolerance is not yet understood. we have isolated a desd-box containing cdna from pisum sativum (pea) and named it as pdh45. it is a unique member of dead-box helicase family; containing desd instead of dead/h. pdh45 overexpression driven by constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus-35s promoter in rice transgenic [oryza sativa l. cv. pusa basmati 1 (pb1)] plants confers salinity tolerance by improving the photosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. th ...201323456247
antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of a novel cationic α-helical octadecapeptide derived from heat shock protein 70 of rice.hsp70(241-258), an octadecapeptide derived from the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) of rice (oryza sativa l. japonica), is a novel cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptide (amp) that contains four lysine, two arginine, and two histidine residues. the antimicrobial activity of hsp70(241-258) against porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, and candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, was quantitatively evaluated using a chemiluminescence method that measures atp derived from via ...201323973864
analysis of dna repair helicase uvrd from arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa.mismatch repair (mmr) proteins play important roles in maintaining genome stability in all the organisms. studies of mmr genes in plants have identified several homologs of the escherichia coli genes. crop yield is directly related to genome stability, which is crucially required for optimal plant growth and development. numerous genotoxic stresses such as uv light, radiations, pollutants and heavy metals cause dna damage leading to genome instability, which can interfere with the plant growth a ...201323974358
design and application of an in vivo reporter assay for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) is an important enzyme that links primary metabolism to secondary metabolism. its efficiency is often a critical factor that affects the overall flux of a related metabolic pathway, the titer of the final products, and the efficacy of pal-based therapies. thus, pal is a common target for metabolic engineering, and it is of significant interest to screen efficient pals for industrial and medical applications. in this study, a novel and efficient visible reporter ...201323907258
expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of rice l-galactose dehydrogenase.in plants, l-galactose dehydrogenase (l-galdh) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (asa), which is well known as a unique antioxidant compound and a cofactor for many enzymes. l-galdh catalyses the oxidation of l-galactose to l-galactono-1,4-lactone. rice l-galdh was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. diffraction-quality rod-shaped crystals were grown using a sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. the l-galdh crystals exhibited the symmetry of space gro ...201323832214
structural features important for the rna chaperone activity of zinc finger-containing glycine-rich rna-binding proteins from wheat (triticum avestivum) and rice (oryza sativa).despite the increase in understanding of rna chaperone activity of zinc finger-containing glycine-rich rna-binding proteins (rzs) during the cold adaptation process, the structural features relevant to the rna chaperone activity of rzs still largely remain to be established. to investigate the structural determinants important for the rna chaperone activity of rzs, domain-swapping and deletion analyses was carried out to assess the contribution of the n-terminal zinc finger rna-recognition motif ...201323787154
chemically engineered sulfated glucans from rice bran exert strong antiviral activity at the stage of viral entry.attachment and entry of many viruses are mediated by their affinity for polysaccharides present on the surface of target cells. in this paper, we demonstrate that sulfated glucans isolated from rice (oryza sativa) can be utilized as experimental drugs exerting strong antiviral activity. in particular, oleum-dmf-based extraction is described as a procedure for the generation of chemically engineered glucans from commercially available rice bran. the one-step procedure has the potential to provide ...201324279818
identification of rice β-glucosidase with high hydrolytic activity towards salicylic acid β-d-glucoside.β-glucosidases (ec 3.2.1.21) split β-glucosidic linkages at the non-reducing end of glucosides and oligosaccharides to release β-d-glucose. one of the important functions of plant β-glucosidase is deglucosylation of inactive glucosides of phytohormones to regulate levels of active hormones. tuberonic acid is a jasmonate-related compound that shows tuber-inducing activity in the potato. we have identified two enzymes, ostagg1 and ostagg2, that have hydrolytic activity towards tuberonic acid β-d-g ...201323649259
identification of a dual-targeted protein belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family that is required for early leaf development in rice.a dual-targeted protein belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family was characterized in rice (oryza sativa) and designated 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transporter1 (papst1). the papst1 mutant plants showed a defect in thylakoid development, resulting in leaf chlorosis at an early leaf developmental stage, while normal leaf development was restored 4 to 6 d after leaf emergence. ospapst1 is highly expressed in young leaves and roots, while the expression is reduced in mature leaves, ...201323411694
heterologous expression and metal-binding characterization of a type 1 metallothionein isoform (osmti-1b) from rice (oryza sativa).metallothioneins (mts) are ubiquitous, low molecular mass and cysteine-rich proteins that play important roles in maintaining intracellular metal homeostasis, eliminating metal toxification and protecting the cells against oxidative damages. mts are able to bind metal ions through the thiol groups of their cysteine residues. plants have several mt isoforms which are classified into four types based on the arrangement of cysteine residues. in the present study, a rice (oryza sativa) gene encoding ...201323385446
functional characterization of a rice de novo dna methyltransferase, osdrm2, expressed in escherichia coli and yeast.dna methylation of cytosine nucleotides is an important epigenetic modification that occurs in most eukaryotic organisms and is established and maintained by various dna methyltransferases together with their co-factors. there are two major categories of dna methyltransferases: de novo and maintenance. here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of a de novo methyltransferase, named osdrm2, from rice (oryza sativa l.). the full-length coding region of osdrm2 was cloned and tran ...201323357425
rice (oryza sativa) lipase: molecular cloning, functional expression and substrate specificity.lipases are important biocatalysts showing many interesting properties with industrial applications. previously, different isoforms of lipases, lipase-i and lipase-ii from rice (oryza sativa) have been purified and characterized. lipase-ii identified as the major lipase in rice bran is designated as rice bran lipase (rbl). in this study, we report the cloning and expression of the rbl in escherichia coli and pichia pastoris. an exploration of expression in four different e. coli expression syste ...201323202292
molecular cloning and characterization of s-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene from lycoris radiata.s-adenosylmethionine (sam) synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of sam, a molecule important for all cellular organisms. it is also considered to play an important role in salt tolerance of plants. here, we cloned a lycoris radiata (l. radiata) sam synthetase gene lrsams to determine its biological function. the gene encodes a protein of 401 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 43.9 kda. amino acid sequence analysis of the deduced protein lrsams reveals high sequence identity to sam s ...201323073776
stress response of plant h+-ppase-expressing transgenic escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae: a potentially useful mechanism for the development of stress-tolerant organisms.the simple proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppase) found in plants and protists is an evolutionally conserved, essential enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (ppi). little is known about the functional contribution of h(+)-ppase to the cellular response to abiotic stresses, except its high salinity and drought stress. to investigate the role of h(+)-ppase during response to cellular stress, we isolated the cdna of arabidopsis thaliana h(+)-ppase (avp1) and or ...201323055406
rice p450 reductases differentially affect p450-mediated metabolism in bacterial expression systems.we describe cloning and characterization of three rice (oryza sativa) nadph-cytochrome p450 reductases (oscprs; e.c.1.6.2.4) that are potential donors to plant p450s, including tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (t5h) in serotonin synthesis and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h) in phenylpropanoid synthesis. all three oscpr transcripts are induced to varying degrees by stresses. co-expression of full-length oscpr1, oscpr2 and oscpr3 with either t5h or c4h in e. coli indicated that the oscpr2/t5h and oscpr2/c4h ...201323053415
kinetic analysis of purified recombinant rice n-acetylserotonin methyltransferase and peak melatonin production in etiolated rice shoots.rice (oryza sativa) n-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (osasmt), the last enzyme in the synthesis of melatonin, was expressed in escherichia coli and purified. we then characterized its enzyme kinetics, which is the first time this has been performed in plants. purified glutathione s-transferase (gst)-fused recombinant osasmt (gst-osasmt) and gst-free osasmt showed specific enzyme activities of 6.6 and 12.6 pmol/min per mg protein, respectively. when evaluated by the lineweaver-burk equation, g ...201322747959
molecular characterization of two evolutionarily distinct endornaviruses co-infecting common bean (phaseolus vulgaris).two high-molecular-mass dsrnas of approximately 14 and 15 kbp were isolated from the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) cultivar black turtle soup. these dsrnas did not appear to cause obvious disease symptoms, and were transmitted through seeds at nearly 100% efficiency. sequence information indicates that they are the genomes of distinct endornavirus species, for which the names phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1 (pvev-1) and phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 2 (pvev-2) are proposed. the pvev-1 gen ...201323015743
transcriptional analysis through rna sequencing of giant cells induced by meloidogyne graminicola in rice roots.one of the reasons for the progressive yield decline observed in aerobic rice production is the rapid build-up of populations of the rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. these nematodes induce specialized feeding cells inside root tissue, called giant cells. by injecting effectors in and sipping metabolites out of these cells, they reprogramme normal cell development and deprive the plant of its nutrients. in this research we have studied the transcriptome of giant cells in rice, aft ...201323881398
brassinosteroids suppress rice defense against root-knot nematodes through antagonism with the jasmonate pathway.the importance of phytohormone balance is increasingly recognized as central to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. next to their well-known developmental role, brassinosteroids (br) were recently found to be involved in plant innate immunity. in this study, we examined the role of br in rice (oryza sativa) innate immunity during infection with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola, and we studied the inter-relationship with the jasmonate (ja) pathway. exogenous epibrassinolide ...201323194343
potential value of a rice protein extract, containing proteinaceous inhibitors against cysteine proteinases from porphyromonas gingivalis, for managing periodontal diseases.arg-specific gingipain (rgp) is a major pathogenic determinant of porphyromonas gingivalis which is a major pathogen in periodontal disease. we prepared protein extracts with rgp-inhibitory activity from polished rice (oryza sativa) and evaluated the effects of these extracts on the growth and pathogenicity of p. gingivalis. the extracts inhibited the proteolytic degradation of human proteins by p. gingivalis proteinases, and repressed the growth and homotypic biofilm formation of p. gingivalis. ...201323291749
a statistical method without training step for the classification of coding frame in transcriptome sequences.in this study, we investigated the modalities of coding open reading frame (corf) classification of expressed sequence tags (est) by using the universal feature method (ufm). the ufm algorithm is based on the scoring of purine bias (rrr) and stop codon frequencies. ufm classifies orfs as coding or non-coding through a score based on 5 factors: (i) stop codon frequency; (ii) the product of the probabilities of purines occurring in the three positions of nucleotide triplets; (iii) the product of t ...201323400232
rice and bean ahl-mimic quorum-sensing signals specifically interfere with the capacity to form biofilms by plant-associated bacteria.many bacteria regulate their gene expression in response to changes in their population density in a process called quorum sensing (qs), which involves communication between cells mediated by small diffusible signal molecules termed autoinducers. n-acyl-homoserine-lactones (ahls) are the most common autoinducers in proteobacteria. qs-regulated genes are involved in complex interactions between bacteria of the same or different species and even with some eukaryotic organisms. eukaryotes, includin ...201323583723
nonstructural protein p7-2 encoded by rice black-streaked dwarf virus interacts with skp1, a core subunit of scf ubiquitin ligase.rice black-streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv), a member of the genus fijivirus within the family reoviridae, causes severe damage to cereal crops in south east asia. the protein p7-2, encoded by the second open reading frame of segment s7, is conserved among most plant-infecting fijiviruses, but its function is still obscure.201324176102
a salicylic acid-induced rice (oryza sativa l.) transcription factor oswrky77 is involved in disease resistance of arabidopsis thaliana.plant wrky transcription factors act as either positive or negative regulators of plant basal disease resistance. to comprehensively characterise the complicated functional network, we isolated oswrky77 from rice seedlings treated with salicylic acid. oswrky77 is a typical wrky transcription factor, based on in its protein structure analysis, nuclear localisation of the fused oswrky77-gfp protein and gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay binding, which demonstrated that oswrky77 was able to b ...201323061987
transcription of orfs on rna2 and rna4 of rice stripe virus terminate at an auccggau sequence that is conserved in the genus tenuivirus.rice stripe virus, the type member of the genus tenuivirus, has four genomic rnas. rnas 2-4 have an ambisense coding strategy and the noncoding intergenic regions (irs) separating the two orfs are thought to function in termination of transcription. sequencing the 3'-untranslated region of transcripts from rna2 and rna4 in virus-infected oryza sativa (the natural host), nicotiana benthamiana (an experimental host) and laodelphax striatellus (the vector), showed that the sequences of p2 and pc2 t ...201323624227
detection of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for resistances to small brown planthopper and rice stripe virus in rice using recombinant inbred lines.small brown planthopper (sbph) and rice stripe virus (rsv) disease transmitted by sbph cause serious damage to rice (oryza sativa l.) in china. in the present study, we screened 312 rice accessions for resistance to sbph. the indica variety, n22, is highly resistant to sbph. one hundred and eighty two recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross of n22 and the highly susceptible variety, ussr5, were used for quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis of resistances to sbph and rsv. in a mod ...201323591851
[cloning and functional analysis of phyllostachys edulis myb transcription factor pemyb2].myb-type transcription factor is one of the largest families in plants, which plays important roles in accepting stress signals from environment and regulating the expression of stress-tolerant genes. in this paper, using homologous cloning and race technology, a myb-type transcription factor, designated pemyb2, was cloned from phyllostachys edulis. the results of bioinformatics showed that pemyb2 is a typical r2r3-myb. it contained two tandem repeats in its n-terminus, and a membrane protein du ...201324459895
the rice f-box protein kiss me deadly2 functions as a negative regulator of cytokinin signalling.cytokinins are plant hormones that play critical roles in growth and development. we recently determined that the transcriptional response to cytokinin of arabidopsis is modulated by the kiss me deadly (kmd) family of f-box proteins. here we demonstrate a conserved function for a member of the rice kmd family. ectopic overexpression of oskmd2 in arabidopsis results in decreased cytokinin sensitivity based on a hypocotyl growth response assay, the decrease in sensitivity correlating with a decrea ...201324675172
identification of a drought-induced rice gene, ossap, that suppresses bax-induced cell death in yeast.we identified rice genes that might be involved in drought stress tolerance by virtue of their anti-apoptotic activity. potential anti-apoptosis related genes were identified by screening an oryza sativa cdna library derived from drought stressed tissues in a yeast functional assay. about 28 o. sativa cdnas promoted yeast survival following engagement of bax-induced apoptosis. an o. sativa cdna encoding r12h780 was a highly conserved putative senescence-associated-protein (ossap). ossap was both ...201324096889
a member of the heavy metal p-type atpase oshma5 is involved in xylem loading of copper in rice.heavy metal-transporting p-type atpase (hma) has been implicated in the transport of heavy metals in plants. here, we report the function and role of an uncharacterized member of hma, oshma5 in rice (oryza sativa). knockout of oshma5 resulted in a decreased copper (cu) concentration in the shoots but an increased cu concentration in the roots at the vegetative stage. at the reproductive stage, the concentration of cu in the brown rice was significantly lower in the mutants than in the wild-type ...201324064929
fine mapping and chromosome walking towards the ror1 locus in barley (hordeum vulgare l.).the ror1 gene was fine-mapped to the pericentric region of barley chromosome 1hl. recessively inherited loss-of-function alleles of the barley (hordeum vulgare) mildew resistance locus o (mlo) gene confer durable broad-spectrum disease resistance against the obligate biotrophic fungal powdery mildew pathogen blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. previous genetic analyses revealed two barley genes, ror1 and ror2, that are required for mlo-specified resistance and basal defence. while ror2 was cloned an ...201324042571
the trna 3'-end processing enzyme trnase z2 contributes to chloroplast biogenesis in rice.trnase z (trz) is a ubiquitous endonuclease that removes the 3'-trailer from precursor trnas during maturation. in yeast and animals, trz regulates the cell cycle via its (t)rna processing activity; however, its physiological function in higher plants has not been well characterized. this study describes the identification of a rice (oryza sativa) trz2 mutant; plants homozygous for the osatrz2 mutation were albinos with deficient chlorophyll content. a microscopic analysis of the mutant plants r ...201324034348
characterization of a purine permease family gene ospup7 involved in growth and development control in rice.in this study, pup-type cytokinin transporter genes were identified in rice (oryza sativa l.). the oryza sativa purine permease (ospup) family has 12 members that show similar predicted protein sequences with atpups. to reveal the functions of ospup genes, we searched the t-dna mutant library of rice and found one mutant for the member ospup7. the t-dna insertion caused a new transcript that encodes a protein with 26 amino acids different from the native ospup7 at the c-terminus. the mutant show ...201324034337
mn tolerance in rice is mediated by mtp8.1, a member of the cation diffusion facilitator family.manganese (mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, but is toxic when present in excess. the rice plant (oryza sativa l.) accumulates high concentrations of mn in the aerial parts; however, the molecular basis for mn tolerance is poorly understood. in the present study, genes encoding mn tolerance were screened for by expressing cdnas of genes from rice shoots in saccharomyces cerevisiae. a gene encoding a cation diffusion facilitator (cdf) family member, osmtp8.1, was isolated, and its exp ...201323963678
central region component1, a novel synaptonemal complex component, is essential for meiotic recombination initiation in rice.in meiosis, homologous recombination entails programmed dna double-strand break (dsb) formation and synaptonemal complex (sc) assembly coupled with the dsb repair. although scs display extensive structural conservation among species, their components identified are poorly conserved at the sequence level. here, we identified a novel sc component, designated central region component1 (crc1), in rice (oryza sativa). crc1 colocalizes with zep1, the rice sc transverse filament protein, to the central ...201323943860
expression and functional analysis of the cora-mrs2-alr-type magnesium transporter family in rice.maintenance of an appropriate magnesium ion (mg(2+)) concentration is essential for plant growth. in arabidopsis thaliana, the cora-mrs2-alr-type proteins, named mrs2/mgt family proteins, are reportedly localized in various membranes and they function in mg transport. however, knowledge of this family in other plant species is extremely limited. furthermore, differential diversification among dicot and monocot plants suggested by phylogenetic analysis indicates that the role of the arabidopsis m ...201323926064
rnai-directed downregulation of vacuolar h(+) -atpase subunit a results in enhanced stomatal aperture and density in rice.stomatal movement plays a key role in plant development and response to drought and salt stress by regulating gas exchange and water loss. a number of genes have been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of this process. using inverse genetics approach, we characterized the function of a rice (oryza sativa l.) vacuolar h(+)-atpase subunit a (osvha-a) gene in stomatal conductance regulation and physiological response to salt and osmotic stress. osvha-a was constitutively expressed in dif ...201323894405
a plasma membrane-localized small peptide is involved in rice aluminum tolerance.a transcription factor for al tolerance, art1, regulates the expression of at least 30 genes in rice. here we functionally characterized one of the downstream genes, oscdt3, which encodes a predicted peptide of only 53 amino acid residues rich in cysteine. knockdown of this gene resulted in decreased tolerance to al, but did not affect the tolerance to cd. the aluminum (al) content in the root residues including cell wall and the plasma membrane of knockdown lines decreased, but the al concentra ...201323888867
the greencut: re-evaluation of physiological role of previously studied proteins and potential novel protein functions.based on comparative genomics, a list of proteins present in the green algal, flowering and nonflowering plant lineages, but not detected in nonphotosynthetic organisms, was assembled (merchant et al., science 318:245-250, 2007; karpowicz et al., j biol chem 286:21427-21439, 2011). this protein grouping, previously designated the greencut, was established using stringent comparative genomic criteria; they are those chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins with orthologs in arabidopsis thaliana, physco ...201323873414
evidence of evolutionary constraints that influences the sequence composition and diversity of mitochondrial matrix targeting signals.mitochondrial targeting signals (mtss) are responsible for trafficking nuclear encoded proteins to their final destination within mitochondria. these sequences are diverse, sharing little amino acid homology and vary significantly in length, and although the formation of a positively-charged amphiphilic alpha helix within the mts is considered to be necessary and sufficient to mediate import, such a feature does not explain their diversity, nor how such diversity influences target sequence funct ...201323825690
a rice virescent-yellow leaf mutant reveals new insights into the role and assembly of plastid caseinolytic protease in higher plants.the plastidic caseinolytic protease (clp) of higher plants is an evolutionarily conserved protein degradation apparatus composed of a proteolytic core complex (the p and r rings) and a set of accessory proteins (clpt, clpc, and clps). the role and molecular composition of clps in higher plants has just begun to be unraveled, mostly from studies with the model dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). in this work, we isolated a virescent yellow leaf (vyl) mutant in rice (oryza sat ...201323803583
isolation and characterization of rice (oryza sativa l.) e3-ubiquitin ligase oshos1 gene in the modulation of cold stress response.plants can cope with adverse environmental conditions through the activation of stress response signalling pathways, in which the proteasome seems to play an important role. however, the mechanisms underlying the proteasome-mediated stress response in rice are still not fully understood. to address this issue, we have identified a rice e3-ubiquitin ligase, oshos1, and characterized its role in the modulation of the cold stress response. using a rna interference (rnai) transgenic approach we foun ...201323780733
functional analysis of the rice vacuolar zinc transporter osmtp1.heavy metal homeostasis is maintained in plant cells by specialized transporters which compartmentalize or efflux metal ions, maintaining cytosolic concentrations within a narrow range. osmtp1 is a member of the cation diffusion facilitator (cdf)/metal tolerance protein (mtp) family of metal cation transporters in oryza sativa, which is closely related to arabidopsis thaliana mtp1. functional complementation of the arabidopsis t-dna insertion mutant mtp1-1 demonstrates that osmtp1 transports zn ...201323761487
rice mitogen activated protein kinase kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase interaction network revealed by in-silico docking and yeast two-hybrid approaches.protein-protein interaction is one of the crucial ways to decipher the functions of proteins and to understand their role in complex pathways at cellular level. such a protein-protein interaction network in many crop plants remains poorly defined owing largely to the involvement of high costs, requirement for state of the art laboratory, time and labour intensive techniques. here, we employed computational docking using zdock and rdock programmes to identify interaction network between members o ...201323738013
preferential delivery of zinc to developing tissues in rice is mediated by p-type heavy metal atpase oshma2.developing tissues such as meristems and reproductive organs require high zinc, but the molecular mechanisms of how zinc taken up by the roots is preferentially delivered to these tissues with low transpiration are unknown. here, we report that rice (oryza sativa) heavy metal atpase2 (oshma2), a member of p-type atpases, is involved in preferential delivery of zinc to the developing tissues in rice. oshma2 was mainly expressed in the mature zone of the roots at the vegetative stage, but higher e ...201323575418
comprehensive analysis of the rice ring e3 ligase family reveals their functional diversity in response to abiotic stress.a large number of really interesting new gene (ring) e3 ligases contribute to the post-translational modification of target proteins during plant responses to environmental stresses. however, the physical interactome of ring e3 ligases in rice remains largely unknown. here, we evaluated the expression patterns of 47 oryza sativa ring finger protein (osrfp) genes in response to abiotic stresses via semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and in silico analysis. ...201323571674
molecular cloning of cryptochrome 1 from apple and its functional characterization in arabidopsis.cryptochromes are blue-light photoreceptors involved in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development. investigations of cryptochromes in plants have largely focused on arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), tomato (solanum lycopersicum), rice (oryza sativa) and pea (pisum sativum). here, we isolated the cryptochrome 1 gene from apple (malus domestica) (mdcry1) and analyzed its function in transgenic arabidopsis. the predicted mdcry1 protein was most closely homologous to strawberry cry1. ...201323570872
ehd4 encodes a novel and oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice.land plants have evolved increasingly complex regulatory modes of their flowering time (or heading date in crops). rice (oryza sativa l.) is a short-day plant that flowers more rapidly in short-day but delays under long-day conditions. previous studies have shown that the co-ft module initially identified in long-day plants (arabidopsis) is evolutionary conserved in short-day plants (hd1-hd3a in rice). however, in rice, there is a unique ehd1-dependent flowering pathway that is hd1-independent. ...201323437005
massive-scale gene co-expression network construction and robustness testing using random matrix theory.the study of gene relationships and their effect on biological function and phenotype is a focal point in systems biology. gene co-expression networks built using microarray expression profiles are one technique for discovering and interpreting gene relationships. a knowledge-independent thresholding technique, such as random matrix theory (rmt), is useful for identifying meaningful relationships. highly connected genes in the thresholded network are then grouped into modules that provide insigh ...201323409071
osorc3 is required for lateral root development in rice.the origin recognition complex (orc) is a pivotal element in dna replication, heterochromatin assembly, checkpoint regulation and chromosome assembly. although the functions of the orc have been determined in yeast and model animals, they remain largely unknown in the plant kingdom. in this study, oryza sativa origin recognition complex subunit 3 (osorc3) was cloned using map-based cloning procedures, and functionally characterized using a rice (oryza sativa) orc3 mutant. the mutant showed a tem ...201323346890
oryza sativa coi homologues restore jasmonate signal transduction in arabidopsis coi1-1 mutants.coronatine insensitive 1 (coi1) encodes an e3 ubiquitin ligase complex component that interacts with jaz proteins and targets them for degradation in response to ja signaling. the arabidopsis genome has a single copy of coi1, but the oryza sativa genome has three closely related coi homologs. to examine the functions of the three oscois, we used yeast two-hybrid assays to examine their interactions with jaz proteins and found that oscois interacted with osjazs and with jazs, in a coronatine depe ...201323320078
molecular cloning and functional analysis of a blue light receptor gene mdcry2 from apple (malus domestica).mdcry2 was isolated from apple fruit skin, and its function was analyzed in mdcry2 transgenic arabidopsis. the interaction between mdcry2 and atcop1 was found by yeast two-hybrid and bifc assays. cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-a (uv-a) light receptors involved in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. investigations of the structure and functions of cryptochromes in plants have largely focused on arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), tomato (solanum lycopersicum), pea (pis ...201323314496
functional analyses of tahma2, a p(1b)-type atpase in wheat.currently, there are few studies concerning the function of heavy metal atpase 2 (hma2), particularly in monocotyledons, and the potential application of this protein in biofortification and phytoremediation. thus, we isolated and characterized the tahma2 gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). our results indicate that tahma2 is localized to the plasma membrane and stably expressed, except in the nodes, which showed relatively high expression. zinc/cadmium (zn/cd) resistance was observed in tah ...201323294838
oscyp2, a chaperone involved in degradation of auxin-responsive proteins, plays crucial roles in rice lateral root initiation.auxin plays a pivotal role in many facets of plant development. it acts by inducing the interaction between auxin-responsive [auxin (aux)/indole-3-acetic acid (iaa)] proteins and the ubiquitin protein ligase scf(tir) to promote the degradation of the aux/iaa proteins. other cofactors and chaperones that participate in auxin signaling remain to be identified. here, we characterized rice (oryza sativa) plants with mutations in a cyclophilin gene (oscyp2). cyp2 mutants showed defects in auxin respo ...201323289750
knockout of the vps22 component of the escrt-ii complex in rice (oryza sativa l.) causes chalky endosperm and early seedling lethality.in both yeast and mammals, the major constituent of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-ii (escrt-ii) is the vps22/eap30 protein, which plays an important role in ubiquitin-mediated degradation of membrane proteins through the multivesicular body pathway. however, the functions of escrt-ii subunits in plants are largely unknown. in this work, we report the genetic analysis and phenotypic characterization of mutants in osvps22 gene, which encodes a functional vps22 homolog in ric ...201323275199
functional analysis of hsp70 superfamily proteins of rice (oryza sativa).heat stress results in misfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins. heat shock proteins (hsp) enable the cells to maintain proper folding of proteins, both in unstressed as well as stressed conditions. hsp70 genes encode for a group of highly conserved chaperone proteins across the living systems encompassing bacteria, plants, and animals. in the cellular chaperone network, hsp70 family proteins interconnect other chaperones and play a dominant role in various cell processes. to assess the f ...201323264228
identification of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase gene family and mkk-mapk interaction network in maize.plant mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) are involved in important processes, including stress signaling and development. mapk kinases (mapkk, mkk) have been investigated in several plant species including arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, populus trichocarpa, and brachypodium distachyon. in the present study, nine putative maize mkk genes have been identified. analysis of the conserved protein motifs, exon-intron junctions and intron phase has revealed high levels of conservation within ...201324220337
rice dep1, encoding a highly cysteine-rich g protein γ subunit, confers cadmium tolerance on yeast cells and plants.a rice cdna, osdep1, encoding a highly cysteine (cys)-rich g protein γ subunit, was initially identified as it conferred cadmium (cd) tolerance on yeast cells. of the 426 aa constituting osdep1, 120 are cys residues (28.2%), of which 88 are clustered in the c-terminal half region (aa 170-426). to evaluate the independent effects of these two regions, two truncated versions of the osdep1-expressing plasmids posdep1(1-169) and posdep1(170-426) were used to examine their effects on yeast cd toleran ...201324163402
the f-box protein osfbk12 targets ossams1 for degradation and affects pleiotropic phenotypes, including leaf senescence, in rice.leaf senescence is related to the grain-filling rate and grain weight in cereals. many components involved in senescence regulation at either the genetic or physiological level are known. however, less is known about molecular regulation mechanisms. here, we report that osfbk12 (an f-box protein containing a kelch repeat motif) interacts with s-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase1 (sams1) to regulate leaf senescence and seed size as well as grain number in rice (oryza sativa). yeast two-hybrid, pul ...201324144792
homologous pairing activities of two rice rad51 proteins, rad51a1 and rad51a2.in higher eukaryotes, rad51 functions as an essential protein in homologous recombination and recombinational repair of dna double strand breaks. during these processes, rad51 catalyzes homologous pairing between single-stranded dna and double-stranded dna. japonica cultivars of rice (oryza sativa) encode two rad51 proteins, rad51a1 and rad51a2, whereas only one rad51 exists in yeast and mammals. however, the functional differences between rad51a1 and rad51a2 have not been elucidated, because th ...201324124491
structural, expression and interaction analysis of rice skp1-like genes.the degradation of proteins by the 26s proteasome is initiated by protein polyubiquitination mediated by a three-step cascade. the specific ubiquitination of different target proteins is mediated by different classes of e3 ubiquitin ligases, among which the best known are skp1-cullin-f-box complexes. whereas protists, fungi and some vertebrates have a single skp1 gene, many animal and plant species possess multiple skp1 homologues. in this paper, we report on the structure, phylogeny and express ...201323248203
characterization of a vacuolar zinc transporter ozt1 in rice (oryza sativa l.).the cdf family is a ubiquitous family that has been identified in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. members of this family are important heavy metal transporters that transport metal ions out of the cytoplasm. in this research, a full length cdna named oryza sativa zn transporter 1 (ozt1) that closely related to rat znt-2 (zn transporter 2) gene was isolated from rice. the ozt1 encoding a cdf family protein shares 28.2 % ~ 84.3 % of identities and 49.3 % ~ 90.9 % of similarities with other z ...201323070916
expression of salt-induced 2-cys peroxiredoxin from oryza sativa increases stress tolerance and fermentation capacity in genetically engineered yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.peroxiredoxins (prxs), also termed thioredoxin peroxidases (tpxs), are a family of thiol-specific antioxidant enzymes that are critically involved in cell defense and protect cells from oxidative damage. in this study, a putative chloroplastic 2-cys thioredoxin peroxidase (ostpx) was identified by proteome analysis from leaf tissue samples of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings exposed to 0.1 m nacl for 3 days. to investigate the relationship between the ostpx gene and the stress response, ostpx was c ...201323053072
survivability of vibrio cholerae o1 in cooked rice, coffee, and tea.this study aimed to investigate the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in 3 types of preparation for cooked rice, oryza sativa l., (plain rice, rice with coconut milk, and rice with ginger); coffee, coffea canephora, (plain coffee, coffee with sugar, and coffee with sweetened condensed milk); and tea, camellia sinensis, (plain tea, tea with sugar, and tea with sweetened condensed milk) held at room temperature (27°c). the survival of v. cholerae o1 was determined by spread plate method on tcbs agar. ...201326904604
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