Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| hepatitis e virus infection in chimpanzees: a retrospective analysis. | different patterns of disease were observed among 11 chimpanzees who were inoculated intravenously with hepatitis e virus (hev) positive fecal specimens from four different outbreaks (nepal 1981, uzbekistan 1981, pakistan 1985, and mexico 1986). five chimpanzees had marginal or no liver enzyme elevations within 70 days of inoculation. two of the chimpanzees had limited viremia, but did not produce detectable antibody. the four remaining chimpanzees had liver enzyme elevations, viral shedding, vi ... | 2000 | 11043950 |
| retrospective analysis of blood transfusion recipients: evidence for post-transfusion hepatitis e. | of 200 volunteer blood donors we had screened earlier for hepatitis e virus (hev) rna, using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, 3 were positive, raising the possibility of transfusion-associated hepatitis e in areas endemic for this virus. this retrospective study was to reassess the extent of post-transfusion hepatitis e among transfusion recipients, investigated in 1982. | 2000 | 11054043 |
| empty virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e, an enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, is a serious viral infection that occasionally causes large epidemics in developing countries. in developed countries, the disease only appears sporadically due to the transmission routes, and it is considered to be less important. the hepatitis e virus (hev) cannot grow in cultured cells and no reliable assay system has ever been developed. in addition, the present diagnostic are not perfect, and actual rates of hev infection may b ... | 2000 | 11055242 |
| diagnostic value of immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) tests based on hev rna in an area where hepatitis e is not endemic. | acute hepatitis e (ahe) has rarely been reported in industrialized countries, but the rate of seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies (anti-hev) is inappropriately high. the sensitivity and specificity of the assay used to test for immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm anti-hev have not been well established in areas where hepatitis e is not endemic (hereafter referred to as "nonendemic areas"). we collected serum samples from 13 ahe patients, 271 healthy subjects, and 160 other liver dise ... | 2000 | 11060044 |
| new hepatitis viruses. | three new hepatitis viruses are reviewed; hepatitis e virus (hev), hepatitis g virus (hgv), and transfusion transmitted virus (ttv). only hev has been clearly associated with liver damage. it is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and tends to occur in poor socio-economic conditions. acute disease is diagnosed by the presence of anti-hev igm antibodies in the serum. hepatitis g virus and ttv are transmitted parenterally. hgv is the same agent as gbv-c. although it is hepatotropic, and high level ... | 2000 | 11063553 |
| a seroprevalence study of viral hepatitis e infection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected subjects in malaysia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a rna virus transmitted enterically. a study of anti-hev antibodies in 145 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infected subjects found that 14.4% of them were reactive to anti-hev antibodies. anti-hev igg and anti-hev igm was detected in 10.3% and 4.1% of the subjects respectively. prevalence of anti-hev (either igg or igm) was similar across all adult ages (p = 0.154), between the three ethnic groups (p = 0.378), and across risk groups (p = 0.120). the results ... | 2000 | 11072492 |
| seroepidemiology of tt virus, gbc-c/hgv, and hepatitis viruses b, c, and e among women in a rural area of tanzania. | the seroprevalence and determinants of hepatitis b, c, and e virus infection, and of gbv-c/hepatitis g virus and tt virus infection were investigated among women from a rural area of northeastern tanzania. high seroprevalence rates were found for ttv (74%), hbv (74%), and gbv-c/hgv (35%), whereas 7% of the women had evidence of hcv and hev infection. the majority of ttv dna sequences in the study population belonged to the genotypes 1 or 2. one sequence seems to represent a new subtype of genoty ... | 2000 | 11074483 |
| identification of a novel variant of hepatitis e virus in austria: sequence, phylogenetic and serological analysis. | we isolated a novel hepatitis e virus (hev-au1) variant from a patient in austria suffering from acute viral hepatitis, who had no known risk factors for acquiring hepatitis e. the clinical presentation and initial serological findings have been reported previously. in this paper we report the results of sequence and phylogenetic analysis of hev products from viral rna isolated from acute phase serum. the results show that hev-au1 is significantly divergent from other hev isolates. the nucleotid ... | 2000 | 11086119 |
| hev identified in serum from humans with acute hepatitis and in sewage of animal origin in spain. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted pathogen that appears sporadically in non-endemic countries. we studied hev as a causal agent of acute hepatitis cases in the spanish population, and the role of pigs as an animal reservoir. | 2000 | 11097493 |
| novel strains of hepatitis e virus identified from humans and other animal species: is hepatitis e a zoonosis? | 2000 | 11097496 | |
| hepatitis e virus markers in a peritoneal dialysis population. | 2000 | 11117252 | |
| [detection of igg antibody to hepatitis g virus by elisa]. | to study the relation of hgv igg antibody (anti- hgv igg) to various viral infections, alt and hgv rna. | 2000 | 11503048 |
| role of hepatitis e and other hepatotropic virus in aetiology of sporadic acute viral hepatitis: a hospital based study from urban delhi. | major hepatotropic virus continues to be an important cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) in developing countries like india. while epidemics of avh have been well studied few serious sporadic cases from developing countries have been reviewed. we studied prospectively 75 cases of sporadic avh who reported to our hospital and were evaluated for the presence of various hepatotropic viruses. the seroprevalence of igg anti-hev antibodies was studied in the general population as a control. we found ... | 2000 | 11338125 |
| prevalence of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses in patients attending a tertiary--care hospital in south india. | the prevalance of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses, namely, hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) were studied in 404 patients with acute hepatitis attending a tertiary-care hospital in south india. presence of current hav/hev infection was ascertained by the demonstration of igm antibodies. in 381 patients tested for both agents, hav igm was present in 51(13.3%) and hev igm present in 66(17.3%). there was dual infection in 3 males (0.8%). hev infection was seen mostly in ... | 2000 | 11344607 |
| [etiological study on patients with seronegative viral hepatitis]. | to investigate the etiology of hepatitis patients who were seronegative for viral hepatitis a through e. | 2000 | 11798538 |
| [study on the hepatitis virus infection among medical professionals]. | in order to find out the present situation of hepatitis virus infection among medical professionals. | 2000 | 11860766 |
| [hepatitis e igg antibodies seroprevalence in a peruvian risk group] | we study the seroprevalence and risk factors on hepatitis e virus infection in 191 healthy subjects, which are workers of the drinking water and sewerage system of lima city, and the main activity of them was to handle sewage at present or early past. we tested for igg hepatitis e antibodies (anti-hev igg) a two recombinant antigen based enzyme immunoassay (abbott il usa).anti-hev igg were positive in 20 subjects (10.47%) and the only one variate that we can consider related to hev infection was ... | 2000 | 12140593 |
| clinical and epidemiological implications of swine hepatitis e virus infection. | in nonendemic areas, most patients with acute hepatitis e were infected through traveling to endemic areas. however, some patients did not have a history of foreign travel before infection. furthermore, high seroprevalence rates of antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) were found in the general adult population in some countries without any recorded outbreak of hepatitis e. the significance of anti-hev assay in these subjects remains obscure. to study if swine might be a source of hev infecti ... | 2000 | 10596016 |
| epidemic hepatitis e: serological evidence for lack of intrafamilial spread. | hepatitis e presents as epidemic as well as sporadic disease. fecal contamination of drinking water results in epidemics of hepatitis e. the extent of intrafamilial spread needs to be assessed employing serological assays. | 2000 | 10659484 |
| the in vitro-synthesized rna from a cdna clone of hepatitis e virus is infectious. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important etiological agent of epidemic and sporadic hepatitis, which is endemic to the indian subcontinent and prevalent in most of the developing parts of the world. the infection is often associated with acute liver failure and high mortality, particularly in pregnant women. in order to develop methods of intervention, it is essential to understand the biology of the virus. this is particularly important as no reliable in vitro culture system is available. we hav ... | 2000 | 10666275 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus among rodents in the united states. | the recent identification of antibody to hepatitis e virus (hev) in pigs, sheep, and cattle and characterization of an hev isolated from domestic pigs suggest animal reservoirs for this virus. to investigate whether rodents might be a natural reservoir of hev, the prevalence of anti-hev was determined among a variety of species throughout the united states. serum samples were obtained from 806 rodents of 26 species in 15 genera. anti-hev prevalence was assessed by 2 eias (mosaic protein- and 55- ... | 2000 | 10669325 |
| hepatitis e virus in cuba. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) has a global distribution and is known to have caused large waterborne epidemics of icteric hepatitis. the transmission is primarily fecal-oral. some reports have suggested parenteral transmission of hev from its association to hepatitis b or hepatitis c infection, or due to the development of hepatitis e after blood transfusion. though most of the developing countries in asia and africa have been shown to be endemic for hev infection, studies in the latin american co ... | 2000 | 10680744 |
| hepatitis e virus infection. | 2000 | 10683033 | |
| experimental hendra virus infectionin pregnant guinea-pigs and fruit bats (pteropus poliocephalus). | antibodies to hendra virus (hev) have been found in a high percentage of fruit bats (pteropus spp.) in australia, indicating a possible reservoir for the virus. the aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate transplacental infection as a possible mode of transmission of the virus in fruit bats and other animals. in a first experiment, 18 pregnant guinea-pigs in the mid-stage of gestation were inoculated with hev, as an experimental model in a conventional laboratory animal. nine dev ... | 2000 | 10684689 |
| recombinant subunit orf2.1 antigen and induction of antibody against immunodominant epitopes in the hepatitis e virus capsid protein. | a recombinant subunit antigen (orf2.1), representing the carboxy-terminal 267 amino acids of the 660-amino-acid hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein, was expressed in escherichia coli and used for the immunisation of rats. purified antigen formulated with either aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant (alum) or titermax gave high and equivalent levels of antibody after three doses. responses to two doses of 15, 75, or 150 microg antigen, formulated with alum and given at 0 and 4 weeks, were also equi ... | 2000 | 10686019 |
| a four year review of acute viral hepatitis cases in the east coast of peninsular malaysia (1994-1997). | a total of 1,157 sera from jaundiced patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of liver disease received from government hospital in kelantan and terengganu, during the period from 1994 to 1997, were investigated to determine the cause. hepatitis a virus was found to be the main cause in 26.1% (24/92) of symptomatic clinical hepatitis cases in 1994, 47.8% (63/132) in 1995, 66.4% (613/923) in 1996 and 20% (2/10) in 1997. sera received in 1996 were also tested for hepatitis b, hepatitis c, h ... | 1999 | 10695797 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging infectious disease. | 1999 | 10682255 | |
| [the role of hev in acute non-a, non-c hepatitis and the identification of a new variant hev in italy]. | 1999 | 10596434 | |
| storage of viruses on filter paper for genetic analysis. | the purpose of this study was to develop a method to store viruses on filter paper without the need for special conditions for future use of the genetic material. two non-enveloped viruses were used as models. infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a double-stranded rna virus that infects chickens, belongs to the birnaviridae family. hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), with double-stranded dna, belongs to the adenoviridae family. three different solutions were found suitable for loading the viru ... | 1999 | 10598079 |
| recombinant hepatitis e capsid protein self-assembles into a dual-domain t = 1 particle presenting native virus epitopes. | the three-dimensional structure of a self-assembled, recombinant hepatitis e virus particle has been solved to 22-a resolution by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. the single subunit of 50 kda is derived from a truncated version of the open reading frame-2 gene of the virus expressed in a baculovirus system. this is the first structure of a t = 1 particle with protruding dimers at the icosahedral two-fold axes solved by cryo-electron microscopy. the protein she ... | 1999 | 10603315 |
| hepatitis e virus: can it be transmitted parenterally? | of 200 voluntary blood donors screened for hepatitis e virus (hev) rna, employing the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), three were found to be positive (1.5%). none of the hev rna-positive blood donors had any symptoms at the time of blood donation or during subsequent follow-up. one donor was positive for immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to hev, with a raised serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) level, whereas the other two donors were negative for both immunoglobulin g ... | 1999 | 10607228 |
| shift of hepatitis e virus rna from hepatocytes to biliary epithelial cells during acute infection of rhesus monkey. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been considered to be the major cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in developing countries. however, little is known about viral replication and localization in the liver. the aim of this study was to examine the distribution of hev-infected cells in experimentally infected animals. seven captured wild rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with faecal extract derived from a myanmar strain of hev. animals were killed at different time-points ... | 1999 | 10607243 |
| retrospective serological analysis of hepatitis e patients: a long-term follow-up study. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence and protective role of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) after natural hepatitis e infection. a retrospective analysis of immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-hev was performed in 37 patients followed-up for 5 years after epidemics of hev. two patients with sporadic hepatitis e (he) were followed-up for 12 and 8 years. all patients infected during epidemics of he were positive for igg anti-hev at 5 years of follow-up (geometric mean titre: 17 ... | 1999 | 10607264 |
| a divergent genotype of hepatitis e virus in chinese patients with acute hepatitis. | recent studies have reported and provided nucleotide sequence data from divergent isolates of hepatitis e virus (hev), including isolates from north america and africa. sera were investigated from 29 chinese patients with a diagnosis of acute hepatitis and who were negative for hepatitis viruses a-e by serology (hev was excluded by testing for igg antibody only). to determine whether some patients were infected with hev but had yet to seroconvert to antibody positivity, rt-pcr was carried out wi ... | 1999 | 9934699 |
| seroprevalence and anti-hev persistence in the general population of the republic of san marino. | the prevalence of anti-hev was assessed in 2,233 subjects aged 20-79 years in the republic of san marino in the years 1990-1991. the sera were tested by elisa and further confirmed by western blot (wb) analysis. the overall anti-hev prevalence was 1.5%. a significant trend by age was observed. anti-hev prevalence was 0.6% in subjects <30 years and 3.3% in those older than 70 years of age. family size larger than four persons (or = 3.8; 95% ci = 1.8-13.2) was the sole independent predictor of ant ... | 1999 | 10223545 |
| evidence of hepatitis e virus replication on cell cultures. | several human and animal cell lines have been used to grow hepatitis e virus. the strain sar-55 was adapted only on plf/plc/5 cell line without any visible cytopathic effect. the growth of the sar-55 was monitored by examining the positive and the negative strands of hev-rna. stool samples, obtained from hospitalised acute hepatitis patients at the fever hospital of alexandria (egypt), were used to confirm the susceptibility of plf/plc/5 cells. after more than one-week's cultivation, three stool ... | 1999 | 10322605 |
| rapid detection of hepatitis e virus rna by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using universal oligonucleotide primers. | a rapid reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure for the detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna in serum is described. total nucleic acids are extracted from a small volume of human serum and reverse transcribed using random hexamers. an aliquot of cdna is then utilized in nested pcr employing degenerate hev consensus primers. these primers are designed to sequences conserved between the burma, mexico, and us hev strains, generating amplicons within each of the three ... | 1999 | 10488768 |
| elisa for igg-class antibody to hepatitis e virus based on a highly conserved, conformational epitope expressed in escherichia coli. | in assays based on most recombinant hepatitis e virus (hev) antigens, the igg antibody responses to hev are observed commonly to wane or disappear after the acute phase of infection. such igg assays have therefore been used for the diagnosis of acute hev infection, but they have limited usefulness in seroepidemiological studies. using western immunoblotting, it was shown previously that the open reading frame (orf) 2.1 antigen, representing the carboxy-terminal 267 amino acids (aa) of the capsid ... | 1999 | 10488771 |
| pcr for specific detection of haemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys, an avian adenovirus. | a hexon gene based pcr was developed for specific amplification of dna sequences from the haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys. the hexon genes of different avian adenoviruses were compared for primer construction. two regions with low sequence homology between hev and fowl adenovirus (fav) hexon genes were selected for primer localisation. in correlation with the known sequence data a fragment of 1647 bp was amplified from a live vaccine and spleens of turkeys suffering from haemorrhag ... | 1999 | 10488779 |
| the unique riverine ecology of hepatitis e virus transmission in south-east asia. | the ecology of hepatitis e virus (hev) transmission in south-east asia was assessed from a review of 6 published and 3 unpublished namru-2 reports of hepatitis outbreak investigations, cross-sectional prevalence studies, and hospital-based case-control studies. findings from indonesia and viet nam show epidemic foci centred in jungle, riverine environments. in contrast, few cases of acute, clinical hepatitis from cities in indonesia, viet nam and laos could be attributed to hev. when communities ... | 1999 | 10492753 |
| [serologic markers to hepatitis e virus in residents in nonendemic regions]. | hepatitis e is a disease endemic for countries with tropical and subtropical climate with developing national economy. antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) were detected in the population of other regions of the world, including european and north american countries with well-developed economy, where anti-hev are regularly detected in 1-3% normal subjects. the number of seropositive subjects is the highest among patients with liver diseases and with some diseases without primary involvemen ... | 1999 | 10500981 |
| newly discovered viruses of flying foxes. | flying foxes have been the focus of research into three newly described viruses from the order mononegavirales, namely hendra virus (hev), menangle virus and australian bat lyssavirus (abl). early investigations indicate that flying foxes are the reservoir host for these viruses. in 1994, two outbreaks of a new zoonotic disease affecting horses and humans occurred in queensland. the virus which was found to be responsible was called equine morbillivirus (emv) and has since been renamed hev. inve ... | 1999 | 10501164 |
| serological evidence for swine hepatitis e virus infection in australian pig herds. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted human pathogen, with some similarities to caliciviruses. a variant of hev was recently identified in pigs in the usa, infecting almost 100% of animals in commercial herds. phylogenetic analysis suggests that this is a true 'swine hev' distinct from the human virus, but the swine virus may also infect man. using an in-house elisa based on a highly conserved, recombinant hev protein, we have examined collections of sera from australian pigs for ... | 1999 | 10501166 |
| sequence data suggests big liver and spleen disease virus (blsv) is genetically related to hepatitis e virus. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) that reacted specifically with a 16 kda big liver and spleen disease virus (blsv) protein was used to identify the protein in western immunoblots of infected liver extracts and enable partial amino acid sequence analysis of the protein. based on this sequence, a degenerate primer was designed that was used in conjunction with random hexamers in a reverse transcriptase-por (rt pcr), to amplify a 523 bp product from rna extracted from homogenates of blsv-infected livers ... | 1999 | 10501168 |
| prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis e virus in pigs from countries where hepatitis e is common or is rare in the human population. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a very important public health concern in many developing countries where epidemics of hepatitis e are common. sporadic cases of clinical hepatitis e not only occur in these countries but also occur uncommonly in patients with no known epidemiological exposure to hev in industrialized countries. the source of infection in industrialized countries is unknown but it has been suggested that animals might serve as a reservoir for hev in both settings. we recently identifie ... | 1999 | 10502259 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence in children living in rural ghana. | large outbreaks of hepatitis e virus have been reported in warm climates with poor sanitation although it exists in endemic form in these areas too. this oro-fecally transmitted infection has been described mainly in adults with very little data from children. this study looked at seroprevalence in children resident in a rural district in ghana with very little pipe-borne water supply. sera from 803 randomly selected pupils aged 6-18 years were evaluated for anti-hev. the overall seroprevalence ... | 1999 | 10504860 |
| [severe viral hepatitis]. | 1999 | 10506864 | |
| factors in spread of hepatitis e. | 1999 | 10509491 | |
| antiserum generated by dna vaccine binds to hepatitis e virus (hev) as determined by pcr and immune electron microscopy (iem): application for hev detection by affinity-capture rt-pcr. | previously, we have described that injection of an expression vector containing hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 2 (hev-orf-2) generated a strong antibody response in mice. to characterize the reaction of this antiserum with native hev and to evaluate its potential diagnostic application, we tested the antiserum's ability to bind hev using immune electron microscope (iem) and affinity-capture reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification. antiserum to orf-2 agg ... | 1999 | 10513287 |
| caliciviruses: an overview. | several caliciviruses are known to cause diseases in animal and man. amongst them are vesicular exanthema virus of swine (vesv), feline calicivirus, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), and norwalk and sapporo-like viruses; the latter viruses cause gastroenteritis in man. in this paper, an overview of caliciviruses is presented, with particular emphasis on the molecular aspects. the unique properties as compared to other related families of positive-stranded rna viruses will be discussed. ma ... | 1999 | 10515270 |
| hepatitis e virus. advances in hev biology and hev vaccine approaches. | hepatitis e, previously known as enterically transmitted, enteric, or epidemic hepatitis, is a worldwide public health problem. the causative agent, the hepatitis e virus, is involved in epidemic, sporadic, and fulminant hepatitis cases worldwide. this review describes the advances in the biology of the hepatitis e virus and the progress made to develop simple and robust serologic assays for the diagnosis of hev infection. genomic sequence comparisons with a recently identified us isolate now su ... | 1999 | 10516473 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in travelers. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of clinical hepatitis in regions of endemicity, affecting primarily young adults and travelers to these areas. we present 5 cases of acute hev infection in travelers and review 143 cases of hev infection found by a literature search that were contracted in areas of endemicity. fulminant hepatitis occurred in 2.7% of the reported cases; 2 of these were fatal. the destination of most of the travelers with acute hev infection was the indian subcontinent. the ... | 1999 | 10524982 |
| hepatitis e virus in end-stage renal disease. | 1999 | 10532427 | |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a and e viruses among rural populations of the chaco region, south-eastern bolivia. | we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses (hav and hev) in the population of two rural areas, camiri and villa montes, of the chaco region, south-eastern bolivia. hav antibodies were detected in 461 (94.1%) of 490 serum samples tested, not differing significantly between sexes and study areas. the hav seropositivity rate (64.7%) was high even in the youngest age group (1-5 years). the prevalence of hev was 7.3%, ... | 1999 | 10540299 |
| hav and hev infection in hospitalised hepatitis patients in alexandria, egypt. | a total of 202 serum and stool samples from acute hepatitis patients attending the fever hospital of alexandria, egypt, have been studied to reveal markers of hepatitis virus infection. anti-hav igm were detected in 21 out of 202 sera (10.4%), whereas 201 sera (99.5%) had anti-hav igg. the first age attack was in the class-age 0-9 years with 64.7% of anti-hav igm positive sera. among 202 patients, anti-hepatitis e igg (sample/over cut off > 1.0) was identified in 90 patients (44.5%). the anti-he ... | 1999 | 10543349 |
| hepatitis e virus infection prevalence among selected populations in iowa. | hev causes an enteric infectious disease endemic in developing areas with hot climate. a case of endogenous hev infection has been reported in the us. recently, hev-like virus was isolated from swine in iowa. swine production is a major industry in iowa with the potential for human exposure to swine in and around industrial and family farm operations. | 1999 | 10548130 |
| enterically transmitted hepatitis. hepatitis a and e viruses. | enterically-transmitted hepatitis is caused by hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus. the most important agent is hepatitis a virus, which is distributed worldwide and infects all age groups. most infections in children are minimally symptomatic and immunity is long-lasting, so severe disease tends to occur in nonimmune adults. hepatitis e virus is found in the developing world and has a greater propensity for symptomatic infection of children. both agents are transmitted via contaminated wate ... | 1999 | 10549431 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in sporadic fulminant viral hepatitis in north india: cause or co-factor? | the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in fulminant hepatitis (fh) is poorly understood and the available data are conflicting. we have examined the aetiological role of hcv in 50 consecutive patients with sporadic fh by employing serology and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | 1999 | 10563532 |
| identity of a novel swine hepatitis e virus in taiwan forming a monophyletic group with taiwan isolates of human hepatitis e virus. | recently, we found that more than 10% of the cases of acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in taiwan were caused by a novel strain of hepatitis e virus (hev). since none of these patients had a history of travel to areas where hev is endemic, the source of transmission remains unclear. the recent discovery of a swine hev in herd pigs in the united states has led us to speculate that hev may also circulate in herd pigs in taiwan and may serve as a reservoir for hev in taiwan. of 275 herd pigs obta ... | 1999 | 10565892 |
| hepatitis e virus: an update on its molecular, clinical and epidemiological characteristics. | the present overview gives a summary of hev infection comprising its discovery, a characterisation of the virus, its diagnosis, epidemiology, course of the disease, and finally its prevention. | 1999 | 10567844 |
| [geographical distribution of hepatitis e virus genotypes]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major agent of acute hepatitis in developing countries where the infection occurs sporadically or in large waterborne epidemics. hev, classified in the caliciviridae, is not culturable. the detection of hev rna by rt-pcr in serum and stool samples is reliable during the 7 to 15 days following the onset of the disease. restriction endonuclease analysis, cloning and sequencing of pcr products allow a phylogenetic analysis of hev isolates. although they belong to a si ... | 1999 | 10572664 |
| [gene analysis of acute sporadic hev in the southern areas of china]. | to investigate the existing different gene sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) in the southern areas of china. | 1999 | 10572683 |
| remote village survey for agents causing hepatosplenic disease in the republic of yemen. | the objective of this study was to epidemiologically describe potential infectious agents among rural people in the republic of yemen. this would aid clinicians in designing empirical therapy and public health officials in planning disease prevention. we sought to examine evidence for the geographical distribution of pathogens causing human hepatic and splenic disease among villagers and domestic animals living in three remote areas with differing altitudes. in june 1992, a cross-sectional surve ... | 1999 | 10578634 |
| hepatitis e seroconversion in united states travelers abroad. | sporadic cases of symptomatic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection have been reported in united states travelers to developing countries, including mexico and pakistan. to evaluate the risk of exposure in united states travelers, 356 patients seen in our travel clinics were tested for antibodies to hev before and 6 weeks after traveling. samples obtained 6 months after traveling were available for 211 travelers. igg and igm antibodies to hev were assayed with hev elisa diagnostic kits containing 3 ... | 1999 | 10586918 |
| etiology of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in taiwan: the role of hepatitis c virus, hepatitis e virus and gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus in an endemic area of hepatitis a and b. | the etiology of sporadic acute hepatitis was studied in 334 consecutive patients from taiwan (237 men and 97 women, aged 16-81 years), with emphasis on the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis e virus (hev), and gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv) in acute non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis and in hbsag carriers with superimposed acute hepatitis. according to the conventional diagnostic criteria, there were 12 cases (3.6%) of acute hepatitis a, 17 cases (5.1%) of acute hepatitis b, 128 cas ... | 1999 | 10335863 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma in egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis b virus infection: association with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection but not with (hcv) rna level. | the aim of this study was to analyze the association of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) with hepatitis c virus (hcv) in egypt, using hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) as virus controls. in addition, the association of hcc with hcv rna levels among persons seropositive for hcv was analyzed. we compared 131 patients with proven hcc, 247 with bladder cancer, and 466 healthy hospital employees. age, sex, and place of residence were recorded to study confounding factors. among the he ... | 1999 | 10348253 |
| [acute hepatitis e in spain]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the worldwide leading cause of non-a non-b enterically transmitted hepatitis, and affects most commonly the population in developing countries. cases outside this area, are nearly always imported, although apparent local acquisition has been occasionally reported. we assisted three patients with acute hev hepatitis, confirmed by the presence of serum anti-hev igm. one of them did not report travelling outside of spain in the previous years. hev has to be included in th ... | 1999 | 10349788 |
| [prevalence of infections by hepatitis b, c, d and e viruses in bolivia]. | in bolivia, no studies have been carried out specifically on hepatitis viruses. thus, their prevalence and circulation patterns are virtually unknown. a seroepidemiologic study was performed from 1992 to 1996 to generate a preliminary idea of the overall prevalence of infection from hepatitis b, c, d, and e viruses (hbv, hcv, hdv, and hev, respectively) in different bolivian population groups. prompted by the data obtained in other areas of latin america, the study focused on indigenous communit ... | 1999 | 10355311 |
| only the non-glycosylated fraction of hepatitis e virus capsid (open reading frame 2) protein is stable in mammalian cells. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a non-enveloped, positive-strand rna virus, with the genome encoding three open reading frames (orfs) of which orf 2 directs translation of the capsid protein, porf2. following pulse-labelling and cell fractionation of porf2 expressed in mammalian cells using the semliki forest virus replicon, the capsid protein was detected as three major species of 78 (porf2), 82 and 86 kda, with p82 and p86 being n-glycosylated (gporf2 and ggporf2, respectively). although gporf2 and ... | 1999 | 10355765 |
| [antigenic specificity of recombinant polypeptides, containing fragments of hepatitis e virus proteins]. | antigenic specificity of recombinant polypeptides he40 and he60 containing fragments of gene orf2 and orf3 protein products of hepatitis e, strain burma, produced in e. coli cells, is analyzed. blood sera from patients with acute hepatitis from an endemic region in uzbekistan were tested for igg to recombinant antigens by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with a protein fragment coded by prf3 gene, a synthetic peptide previously characterized in a commercial test system, as the positive control. 93 ... | 1999 | 10358898 |
| [serological character of hepatitis e virus mutants]. | 64 sera with serologically negative nona-e were tested for hev rna and their serological characteristics were studied. | 1999 | 10366980 |
| hepatitis e infection in children: study of an outbreak. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for most of the hepatitis epidemics in the developing world and it frequently affects young adults. therefore, common perception is that it does not affect children. | 1999 | 10385067 |
| acute sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis in northeastern brazil: etiology and natural history. | in a 4-year follow-up study, patients with acute sporadic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis were evaluated to determine the etiology and natural history of the disease. acute hepatitis c virus (hcv) was detected in 13 of 43 (30%) of patients, anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg in 5 (12%), and 25 (58%) were considered non-a-e. the hcv rna was detected in all hcv patients but none of the non-a-e cases. the initial clinical and biochemical presentation of the hcv and non-a-e cases was quite similar, alth ... | 1999 | 10385669 |
| hepatitis e virus -- an update. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the principal cause of enterically-transmitted, non-a, non-b hepatitis and has been associated with excess mortality in pregnant women infected during epidemics. molecular cloning of the viral genome led to the development of diagnostic tests, including enzyme immunoassays for antibody and rt-pcr for viral rna. candidate vaccines have not yet reached clinical trials. the virus resembles caliciviruses, with a positive sense rna genome encoding three open reading frames. ... | 1999 | 10395034 |
| protection of turkeys from hemorrhagic enteritis with a recombinant fowl poxvirus expressing the native hexon of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | hemorrhagic enteritis (he) is an economically important disease of turkeys caused by a type ii aviadenovirus, hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev). the vaccines currently available to the commercial poultry producer are highly effective in preventing disease outbreaks; however, they are immunosuppressive. a recombinant fowl poxvirus (rfpv) expressing the native hexon of hev has been shown to induce an anti-hev humoral immune response in turkeys. in this study, the rfpv expressing the native hexon o ... | 1999 | 10396636 |
| response of turkeys to simultaneous vaccination with hemorrhagic enteritis and newcastle disease viruses. | the effects of single and combined vaccination of turkeys against hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) were investigated. dual vaccination of turkeys with ndv-b1 and hevp30 or marble spleen disease virus (msdv) enhanced white mottling of the spleens and the apoptosis rate in spleen cells (p < 0.05). in addition, simultaneously vaccinated turkeys had fewer hev-infected spleen cells at 4 days postvaccination than turkeys given hevp30 or msdv alone. the anti-hev antib ... | 1999 | 10396642 |
| hbsag carrier with simultaneous amebic liver abscess and acute hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and amebiasis are waterborne diseases that are endemic in india. however, their co-occurrence has never been described. we report a patient who presented with fever, jaundice and tender hepatomegaly and on investigation was found to have coexisting acute hepatitis e and amebic liver abscess. incidentally, he was also an hbsag carrier. | 1999 | 10407569 |
| foodborne infections during pregnancy. | the consequences of foodborne illness can be particularly devastating during pregnancy because both the woman and her fetus are at risk. escalated production of progesterone during pregnancy leads to down-regulation of cellular (cell-mediated) immune functions. many foodborne pathogens (and other pathogens) are intracellular pathogens, and infections caused by these pathogens are controlled by cell-mediated immunity. the pregnancy-induced decrease in cell-mediated immune functions leads to incre ... | 1999 | 10419281 |
| the hepatitis alphabet--hepatitis a-g and ttv. | during the past three decades the number of viruses known to be capable to inducing liver inflammation has been considerably expanded. this short review gives a quick overview of the virologic characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options. newer hepatitis viruses such as hepatitis e virus (hev), hepatitis gb-virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv), and transfusion-transmitted virus (ttv) are discussed and data concerning their disease-inducing capacity reviewed. | 1999 | 10420504 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus isolates from india (1976-1993). | seventeen indian hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates, representing epidemic and sporadic hepatitis e cases during 1976-1991, were sequenced in the rna polymerase (rnap) region. five isolates were also sequenced in the non-structural hypervariable region of open reading frame 1. open reading frames 2 and 3 were sequenced only for the prototype isolate. on the basis of the comparison of all the available sequences of the conserved rnap region, the hev isolates were divided into three genotypes, diffe ... | 1999 | 10423137 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in mexican subjects 1 to 29 years of age. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection causes an acute, self-limited hepatitis associated with high mortality in pregnant women. community-based surveys are scarce and information on hev infection in populations is needed. the aim of this work was to study seroprevalence to hev in young adults and children in mexico, using a community-based survey. | 1999 | 10427876 |
| [suspicion of viral hepatitis e]. | 1999 | 10429553 | |
| hepatitis e virus: relevance in blood donors and risk groups. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection usually causes acute self-limited disease. hev is associated with faecal-contaminated drinking water, but other vectors, such as blood, are possible. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hev in blood donors and in two groups at high risk for parenteral infections, namely, haemodialysis patients, and children infected with hcv via blood transfusion. | 1999 | 10085522 |
| [hepatitis e]. | 1999 | 10088338 | |
| identification of a novel variant of hepatitis e virus in italy. | hepatitis e infection is typically associated with areas in which hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic. except for a few cases in europe and in the united states, acute hepatitis e is usually associated with travel to endemic areas. we set out to determine the etiologic role of hev in acute non-a-c hepatitis in italy. the presence of hev-rna and antibody was determined in 218 patients diagnosed with acute viral non-a-c hepatitis. acute hepatitis e infection was defined by the presence of hev-rna i ... | 1999 | 10089046 |
| a hepatitis e virus variant from the united states: molecular characterization and transmission in cynomolgus macaques. | the partial sequence of a hepatitis e virus (hev-us1) isolated from a patient in the united states (us), suffering from acute viral hepatitis with no known risk factors for acquiring hev, has been reported. these sequences were significantly different from previously characterized hev isolates, alluding to the existence of a distinct human variant. in this paper, we report the near full-length sequences of hev-us1 and a second us isolate (hev-us2). hev-us2 was identified in a us patient sufferin ... | 1999 | 10092008 |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in haemodialysis patients in india. | 1999 | 10095186 | |
| mutational analysis of glycosylation, membrane translocation, and cell surface expression of the hepatitis e virus orf2 protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the etiological agent for viral hepatitis type e, which is a major problem in the developing world. because hev cannot be cultured in vitro, very little information exists on the mechanisms of hev gene expression and genome replication. hev is a positive-strand rna virus with three potential open reading frames (orfs), one of which (orf2) is postulated to encode the major viral capsid protein (porf2). we earlier showed (s. jameel, m. zafrullah, m. h. ozdener, and s. k. ... | 1999 | 10196303 |
| high prevalence of gb virus c in brazil and molecular evidence for intrafamilial transmission. | the prevalence of gb virus c (gbv-c) in candidate brazilian blood donors with normal and elevated alanine aminotransferase levels was found to be 5.2% (5 of 95) and 6.5% (5 of 76), respectively. among brazilian patients, gbv-c was found in 9.5% (13 of 137) of cases of hepatitis not caused by hepatitis a virus (hav), hbv, hcv, hdv, or hev (non-a-e hepatitis) and in 18.2% (8 of 44) of individuals infected with hcv. molecular characterization of gbv-c by partial sequencing of the ns3 region showed ... | 1999 | 10203545 |
| hepatitis viruses a, b, c, d, e and g: implications for dental personnel. | this article provides dental personnel with a brief overview of the different types of viral hepatitis, including their epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment. it also explores the ramifications of these diseases for the practice of dentistry. description of the condition: viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by one of at least six distinct viruses. the hepatitis a and e viruses, or hav and hev, are enterically transmitted viruses that produce acute disease o ... | 1999 | 10203901 |
| absence of antibody to hepatitis e virus in turkish children. | 1999 | 10445354 | |
| acute pancreatitis associated with viral hepatitis: a report of six cases with review of literature. | association of hepatitis viruses with acute pancreatitis in the setting of nonfulminant viral hepatitis is rare. we report six cases of nonfulminant viral hepatitis complicated by acute pancreatitis, including the first documented case of hepatitis e virus (hev) associated acute pancreatitis. the other five patients had acute viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis a infection. besides features of viral hepatitis, the presence of typical abdominal pain, high serum amylase, and ultrasound or ct scan ... | 1999 | 10445566 |
| antigenic domains of the open reading frame 2-encoded protein of hepatitis e virus. | the antigenic composition of the hepatitis e virus (hev) protein encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf2) was determined by using synthetic peptides. three sets of overlapping 18-, 25-, and 30-mer peptides, with each set spanning the entire orf2 protein of the hev burma strain, were synthesized. all synthetic peptides were tested by enzyme immunoassay against a panel of 32 anti-hev-positive serum specimens obtained from acutely hev-infected persons. six antigenic domains within the orf2 protein we ... | 1999 | 10449466 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in the normal blood donor population and two aboriginal communities in malaysia. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) has been examined in many countries, but such studies have generally been limited to majority populations such as those represented in healthy blood donors or cross sections of urban populations. due to its major route of enteric transmission, large differences in hev prevalence might be expected between populations in the same country but with different living conditions. using an elisa based on gst-orf2.1 antigen, the prevalence of igg-cl ... | 1999 | 10459151 |
| pigs with highly prevalent antibodies to human coronavirus and swine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in the tohoku district of japan. | from 1985 to 1988, a total of 2496 swine sera from 60 farms in the tohoku district of the honshu island of japan were examined for antibodies to swine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), human coronavirus (hcv) and bovine coronavirus (bcv) by haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. antibodies to hev 67n strain and hcv oc43 strain were highly prevalent with positivity rates of 82.1 and 91.4%, respectively, while seropositivity rate to bcv kakegawa strain was 44.2%. no clinical signs ... | 1999 | 10459660 |
| evidence for widespread infection of wild rats with hepatitis e virus in the united states. | hepatitis e is an important medical pathogen in many developing countries but is rarely reported from the united states, although antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) is found in > 1% of u.s. citizens. zoonotic spread of the virus is suspected. sera obtained from 239 wild rats trapped in widely separated regions of the united states were tested for anti-hev. seventy-seven percent of rats from maryland, 90% from hawaii, and 44% from louisiana were seropositive for anti-hev. rats from urban as ... | 1999 | 10463689 |
| cell culture of sporadic hepatitis e virus in china. | the isolation and identification of the 87a strain of epidemic hepatitis e virus (hev) by means of cell culturing have been described previously. this paper reports the successful isolation of a sporadic hev strain (g93-2) in human lung carcinoma cell (a549) cultures. the etiology, molecular and biological properties, and serological relationship of this new strain to other, epidemic hev strains are described. the propagation of both sporadic and epidemic hev strains in a cell culture system wil ... | 1999 | 10473526 |
| the neurological manifestations of nipah virus encephalitis, a novel paramyxovirus. | a novel hendra-like paramyxovirus named nipah virus (niv) was the cause of an outbreak among workers from one abattoir who had contact with pigs. two patients had only respiratory symptoms, while 9 patients had encephalitis, 7 of whom are described in this report. neurological involvement was diverse and multifocal, including aseptic meningitis, diffuse encephalitis, and focal brainstem involvement. cerebellar signs were relatively common. magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain showed sca ... | 1999 | 10482278 |
| evidence that the genomic rna of hepatitis e virus is capped. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an unclassified virus with a positive-sense rna genome and an undefined replication strategy. in order to determine whether the hev genome is capped or not, we developed a reverse transcription-pcr assay that is based on the ability of a monoclonal antibody to recognize 7-methylguanosine (m(7)g). antibody to m(7)g bound rna extracted from virions of two different hev genotypes. the cap analog competitively inhibited the binding of virion rnas, demonstrating that hev ha ... | 1999 | 10482642 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis b, c, e, and g virus infections and molecular analysis of hepatitis g virus isolates in bolivia. | prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis g virus (hgv), and hepatitis e virus (hev) was investigated among 574 healthy blood donors in bolivia. hcv rna and hgv rna in the serum were identified by a nested reverse transcription-pcr using primers derived from the 5' untranslated region (5' utr). we also tested for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and for the antibody to hev. the results revealed that hgv rna was present in 84 of 574 (14.6%) tested blood donors, ... | 1999 | 10488194 |