Publications

early bacteriophage t4 transcription. a diffusible product controls riia and riib rna synthesis.		1976	785005
replication of bacteriophage t4 dna in vitro. i. basic properties of the system.	a new in vitro system for t4 dna replication was developed by concentrating cell lysates on cellophane disks. the time course of [3h]dttp incorporation into dna by the system was separated into two phases: one was a very rapid incorporation which was terminated within 2 min (phase i reaction), and the other was a slow but continuous incorporation thereafter (phase ii reaction). more than half of the phase i reaction product was escherichia coli dna, but the phase ii reaction was mostly t4 dna. p ...	1976	785023
[influence of proteins bound to single-stranded dna on rna and poly(a) synthesis. ii. protein--product of t4 phage gene 32].	it has been shown that the protein product of t4 bacteriophage gene 32 (protein 32) completely prevents rna and poly(a) synthesis on the denatured dna as a template at the protein/dna ratio about 13:1. under the same conditions protein 32 has no effect on these syntheses on the native dna and inhibit poly(a) synthesis with oligo(dt)9 and oligo(dt)12 as a template, preventing binding of enzyme with oligonucleotide. it is possible that the unwinded regions of double-stranded dna within transcripti ...	1976	785239
[the influence of bacterial genes recb, reca, exr and pola on t4 phage dna transfection of lysozyme spheroplasts of escherichia coli].	the transfection efficiency of t4 phage dna of escherichia coli spheroplasts, carrying mutations in four genes, involved in recombination and reparation (recb, reca, exr, pola), is studied. recb- and reca- mutations increased the phage yield during transfection, and exr- and pola- mutations decreased it. reca- mutation is suggested to influence on spheroplasts membrane state, resulting in more efficient replication of transfecting phage dna.	1976	773763
lethality and double-strand scissions from 14c decay in the dna of micro-organisms.	14c-2-thymidine was incorporated into the dna of e. coli b/r and of coliphage t4. the labelled organisms were stored for several years at -196 degrees c. both were periodically assayed for loss of viability, and the coliphage also for the appearance of double-strand breaks (dsbs) in dna. e. coli b/r exhibited a survival curve with a substantial initial shoulder, extrapolation number 5-2 +/- 2-3, and a final exponential portion corresponding to a lethal efficiency per 14c decay per 2-5 x 10(9) da ...	1976	773874
dexamethasone suppression of serum t3 and t4.	dexamethasone (2 mg q6h for 48 h) decreased serum t3 in normal and athyreotic subjects, and decreased t4 in normal subjects. dexamethasone probably alters secretion and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones.	1976	773952
folding and capsomere morphology of the p23 surface shell of bacteriophage t4 polyheads from mutants in five different head genes.		1976	775106
bacteriophage t4 polyheads: crystallographic and geometrical conventions.		1976	775107
function of gene 49 of bacteriophage t4. ii. analysis of intracellular development and the structure of very fast-sedimenting dna.	with the exception of mutants in gene 49, all mutants in phage t4 defective in the process of head filling accumulate a normal replicative dna intermediate of 200s. mutants in gene 49 produce a very fast-sedimenting (vfs) dna with s values of greater than 1,000s. the intracellular development of the vfs-dna generated in gene 49-defective phage-infected cells was followed by sedimentation analysis of crude lysates on neutral sucrose gradients. it was observed that the production of a 200s replica ...	1976	775128
function of gene 49 of bacteriophage t4. i. isolation and biochemical characterization of very fast-sedimenting dna.	very fast-sedimenting dna was isolated from cells after infection with gene 49 defective phage t4. this dna appeared membrane bound throughout the time after infection and could be isolated either in the membrane-bound form (m-dna) or free of membrane (released dna) depending on the lysis procedure. released dna formed complexes of marked stability with sedimentation velocities between 1,400s and 2,100s. these complexes did not seem to contain material other than dna. this was concluded from the ...	1976	775132
thiolutin resistant mutants of escherichia coli are they rna chain initiation mutants?	four mutants of escherichia coli kl16 resistant to the antibiotic thiolutin have been isolated. this drug was earlier reported to be an inhibitor of rna chain elongation. the first mutant, tlri, is resistant only in rich or partially rich media: it can, however, grow in minimal medium containing the drug with a very long doubling time. the other mutants tlrii, tlriiia and tlriiib are resistant in rich as well as minimal media. beta-galactosidase could not be induced in tlri and tlrii in the pres ...	1976	775314
a study of possible mechanisms of the rna-polymerase involement in mutagenesis in phage t4.	spontaneous and induced mutation frequencies of phage t4 have been measured in escherichia coli strains containing altered rna-polymerase. in the strain e. coli rif-r stl-r, with double rna-polymerase mutation, spontaneous reversion rates were increased in different mutants of phage t4. the study of base analogues mutagenesis in ruv mutants of phage t4 has shown that the introduction of rna-polymerase mutations did not increase reversion rates in a mutant of frame-shift type but enhanced the rat ...	1976	775319
induced mutagenesis in bacteriophage t4 growing in strains of e. coli with altered rna-polymerase.	enhanced reversion frequencies of t4 r mutants in e. coli strains with altered rna polymerase have been obtained. the results reported have confirmed previous data on the effect of rna-polymerase on the process of mutagenesis [2]. no such effect has been found in the course of studies of the recombination process.	1976	775324
enzymatic synthesis of duplex circular phix174 dna containing phosphoramidate bonds in the (-) strand.	duplex circular phix174 dna (rf i) containing some phosphoramidate links in the backbone chain of the (-) strand was synthesized by reaction of 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate, dctp, dgtp, and 3h-datp with dna polymerase i and dna ligase (t4) on a (+) strand phix174 amber 3 dna template. the yield of duplex dna was higher when dttp was included along with the amino analog in the initial reaction system or was added late in the synthesis. rf i dna was observed as a rapidly sedimenting ...	1976	775443
[functions of bacteriophage t4 rii genes. preparatory isolation and several properties of riib protein].	a method of preparative isolation of membrane riib protein from bacteriophage t4 is worked out. conditions are found to maximal riib protein accumulation in membranes of e. coli cells infected with bacteriophage t4. the membrane isolation by ultracentrifugation is substituted with their sedimentation from polyethyleneglycol solutions by low-speed centrifugation. a fraction, enriched with riib protein, is obtained using the treatment of cell walls with detergents. preparative polyacrylamide gel e ...	1976	776232
phleomycin-stimulated solubilization of deoxyribonucleic acid in escherichia coli. ii. inhibition of solubilization by bacteriophage t4.	phleomycin-stimulated solubilization of escherichia coli dna is inhibited by infecting the cells with mutants of bacteriophage t4 before treatment with the antibiotic, inhibition requiring phage-specified protein synthesis. two different modes of inhibition can be differentiated by infecting with mutants which are defective in an early state (gene den a-; endonuclease ii-independent inhibition) or a late stage (gene 46-; endonuclease ii-dependent inhibition) of phage-directed degradation of host ...	1976	776373
thioredoxin induced by bacteriophage t4: crystallization and preliminary crystallographic data.		1976	768486
bacteriophage t4-induced shut-off of host-specific translation.	to study the mechanism by which bacteriophage t4 inhibits the synthesis of inducible host enzymes we measured the formation of beta-galactosidase from preformed lac mrna. beta-galactosidase was induced with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside in the presence of 7-azatryptophan, a tryptophan analogue that is incorporated into proteins and renders the beta-galactosidase formed inactive. the accumulated las mrna was measured by capacity to form active beta-galactosidase after a chase of the anal ...	1976	768517
identification and preliminary characterization of a mutant defective in the bacteriophage t4-induced unfolding of the escherichia coli nucleoid.	the nucleoids of escherichia coli s/6/5 cells are rapidly unfolded at about 3 min after infection with wild-type t4 bacteriophage or with nuclear disruption deficient, host dna degradation-deficient multiple mutants of phage t4. unfolding does not occur after infection with t4 phage ghosts. experiments using chloramphenicol to inhibit protein synthesis indicate that the t4-induced unfolding of the e. coli chromosomes is dependent on the presence of one or more protein synthesized between 2 and 3 ...	1976	768519
mutants of bacteriophage t4 deficient in the ability to induce nuclear disruption: shutoff of host dna and protein synthesis gene dosage experiments, identification of a restrictive host, and possible biological significance.	the shutoff of host dna synthesis is delayed until about 8 to 10 min after infection when escherichia coli b/5 cells were infected with bacteriophage t4 mutants deficient in the ability to induce nuclear disruption (ndd mutants). the host dna synthesized after infection with ndd mutants is stable in the absence of t4 endonucleases ii and iv, but is unstable in the presence of these nucleases. host protein synthesis, as indicated by the inducibility of beta-galactosidase and sodium dodecyl sulfat ...	1976	768523
a lack of inhibitory action of bacteriophage t4 ghosts in the presence of edta.	adsorption of bacteriophage t4 ghosts on to escherichia coli cells has been known to cause a dramatic change in the cellular metabolism, the effect being similar to that of colicin k. it is shown here that the inhibitory activity of ghosts is not expressed either at 0 degrees c in the ordinary media (like colicin k) or even at 30 degrees c in a medium containing edta, in contrast to colicin k. since the process of sheath contraction of t4 phage is blocked by edta, it is suggested that the adsorb ...	1976	812954
evaluation of thyroid function during growth hormone therapy.	decrease in the blood levels of pbi, in the thyroidal uptake of iodine, and diminished effect of trh on tsh release have been reported to occur during growth hormone administration. we assessed thyroid function indices in two groups of growth hormone deficient children before and during long-term hgh therapy. eight patients were given tsh prior and at 2, 4, and 6 mo of growth hormone treatment. in four other children, the disposal rates of simultaneously administered i125-t4 and i131-t3 were mea ...	1976	813086
binding of l-triiodothyronine to isolated rat liver and kidney nuclei under various circumstances.	triiodothyronine (t3) is specifically bound by nuclei from rat liver and kidney. binding of t3 at 37 degrees c reaches its maximum at 30 min. in the presence of edta (to remove mg2+) t3 binds to a class of binding sites with an estimated equilibrium association constant (ka) of 3.3 x 10(10) m(-1) and a maximal binding capacity (mbc) of 3.8 fmol t3/100 mug dna. in the presence of mgcl2 t3 binds to a second class of binding sites with an estimated ka of 4.8 x 10(8) m(-1) and a mbc of 123 fmol/100 ...	1976	813471
in vitro system for induction of delayed early rna of bacteriophage t4.	concentrated lysates of escherichia coli that had been infected with bacteriophage t4 in the presence of chloramphenicol show the same restriction of transcription in vitro as is found in vivo. restricted lysates can be complemented with lysates from infected cells to induce production of delayed early rna. complementation takes place between the rna polymerase of the restricted lysate and the dna of the unrestricted lysate. we present evidence that delayed early rna in these lysates is initiate ...	1976	785471
head length control in t4 bacteriophage morphogenesis: effect of canavanine on assembly.		1976	786254
[localization of e. coli cell membrane regions for binding and initiation of bacteriophage t4 dna replication].		1976	786573
doublet frequencies and codon weighting in the dna of escherichia coli and its phages.	a compilation of nucleic acid sequences from e. coli and its phages has been analysed for the frequency of occurrence of nearest neighbour base doublets and codons. several statistically significant deviations from random are found in both doublet and codon frequencies. the deviations in e. coli also appear to occur in lambda and in the coat protein gene of ms2, whereas t4 and other parts of the ms2 genome show different sequence properties. these and other findings are discussed in relation to ...	1976	787545
properties of condensed bacteriophage t4 dna isolated from escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage t4.	methods developed for isolating bacterial nucleoids were applied to bacteria infected with phage t4. the replicating pool of t4 dna was isolated as a particle composed of condensed t4 dna and certain rna and protein components of the cell. the particles have a narrow sedimentation profile (weight-average s=2,500s) and have, on average, a t4 dna content similar to that of the infected cell. their dimensions observed via electron and fluorescence microscopy are similar to the dimensions of the int ...	1976	787557
phage t4 infection restricts rrna synthesis by e. coli rna polymerase.	rna polymerase from t4 infected cells supplemented with e. coli sigma polypeptide has a lower affinity for rrna promoters than rna polymerase from uninfected cells. the pattern of transcription by the phage modified polymerase is qualitatively similar to that of the vegetative polymerase in the presence of ppgpp. we suggest that e. coli polymerase holoenzyme normally exists in at least two conformational states, one with a high affinity for rrna promoters and another with a low affinity, and tha ...	1976	787764
conversion of escherichia coli rna polymerase to a template independent enzyme.	preparations of rna polymerase (e.c.2.7.7.6) from uninfected escherichia coli, t4 infected escherichia coli, and acinetobacter calcoaceticus when centrifuged in sucrose gradients in the absence of magnesium ions gave rise to five peaks, all of which were able to form polymers from ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates in the absence of template or primer. all of the peaks obtained from the escherichia coli enzyme appeared to contain the subunit alpha and beta and, in addition, polypeptides which appe ...	1976	787928
dna elongation rates and growing point distributions of wild-type phage t4 and a dna-delay amber mutant.		1976	789903
replicative bacteriophage dna synthesis in plasmolyzed t4-infected cells: evidence for two independent pathways to dna.	bacteriophage t4-infected escherichia coli rendered permeable to nucleotides by sucrose plasmolysis exhibited two apparently separate pathways or channels to t4 dna with respect to the utilization of exogenously supplied substrates. by one pathway, individual labeled ribonucleotides, thymidine (tdr), and 5-hydroxymethyl-dcmp could be incorporated into phage dna. incorporation of each of these labeled compounds was not dependent upon the addition of the other deoxyribonucleotide precursors, sugge ...	1976	789911
polymerization of oligodeoxythymidylates and oligoriboadenylates catalyzed by t4 polynucleotide ligase and their use as analytical markers in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.		1976	790999
purification and electrophoretic assay of t4-induced polynucleotide ligase for the in vitro construction of recombinant dna molecules.		1976	791000
phleomycin-induced solubilization of deoxyribonucleic acid in uninfected and t bacteriophage-infected escherichia coli b.	phleomycin (pm) induces rapid solubilization of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna), inhibition of cellular mass increase, and loss of viability when added either to growing cultures of escherichia coli b or an endonuclease i-defective derivative of b. nonetheless, bacteriophage of the t-even series are produced, albeit to a reduced extent, when pm is added with phage or after infection to e. coli cells. bacteriophage t4 infection inhibits the ability of pm to bring about the solubilization of dna; this ...	1976	791086
a functional requirement for modification of the wobble nucleotide in tha anticodon of a t4 suppressor trna.	temperature-sensitive mutants of e. coli have been isolated which restrict the growth of strains of bacteriophage t4 which are dependent upon the function of a t4-coded amber or ochre suppressor transfer rna. one such mutant restricts the growth of certain ochre but not amber suppressor-requiring phage. analysis of the t4 trnas synthesized in this host revealed that many nucleotide modifications are significantly reduced. the modifications most strongly affected are located in the anticodon regi ...	1976	791507
dna "melting" proteins. ii. effects of bacteriophage t4 gene 32-protein binding on the conformation and stability of nucleic acid structures.	bacteriophage t4-coded gene 32-protein is an essential component of the t4 replication and recombination systems. alberts and co-workers (alberts, b.m., amodio, f.j., jenkins, m., gutmann, e.d., and ferris, f.l. (1968) cold spring harbor symp. quant. biol. 33, 289-305) have shown that the major physiological activity of the protein involves preferential and cooperative binding to single-stranded dna. in this paper, the physiochemical parameters characterizing this "melting" protein system are qu ...	1976	791945
dna "melting" proteins. iii. fluorescence "mapping" of the nucleic acid binding site of bacteriophage t4 gene 32-protein.	the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of bacteriophage t4-coded gene 32-protein is found to be partially quenched on binding a variety of mono-, oligo-, and polynucleotides. this phenomenon is exploited to partially "map" the nucleic acid binding site of the protein. the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of the protein peaks at about 347 nm, compared to 359 nm for the fully solvated model fluorophore, n-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide. nucleotide binding, or collisional quenching by iodide ion, reduces t ...	1976	791946
regulation of gene 32 expression during bacteriophage t4 infection of escherichia coli.	the gene 32 protein of the bacteriophage t4 plays an important role in genetic recombination, dna repair, and dna replication; the protein functions in these processes by virtue of a strong binding capacity for single-stranded dna. during infections of escherichia coli by bacteriophage carrying amber of temperature-sensitive mutations in gene 32, the altered gene 32 protein (that is, the amber fragment of the missense polypeptide) is synthesized at greatly elevated rates. during infections by ph ...	1976	791947
translational, autogenous regulation of gene 32 expression during bacteriophage t4 infection.	functional half-life measurements of the bacteriophage t4 gene 32 messenger rna indicate that this mrna is extremely stable. regulation of gene 32 expression at the transcriptional level cannot account for the rapidity with which p32 synthesis can be repressed. furthermore, derepression of p32 synthesis occurs in the presence of rifampicin, a drug which inhibits transcriptional initiation. in addition, t4-infected cultures in which p32 expression is repressed possess almost as much gene 32 mrna ...	1976	791948
identification and study of species specificity of antiphage lipopolysaccharides found in the preparations of bacterial dna.	a method of isolation of the antiphage agent found in the preparations of bacterial dna was developed. chemical analysis of the preparations has shown that according to their qualitative and quantitative composition they are identical to the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterial membrane. on the basis of data on the antiphage activity of the d-lps from e. coli b and e. coli k12 and on the basis of presumed analogy between the inactivation of the phage by the d-lps preparations and the phage--cell ...	1976	792328
biochemical construction of specific chimeric plasmids from cole1 dna and unfractionated escherichia coli dna.	a series of chimeric plasmids was constructed using colicinigenic factor e1 (cole1) dna as the replicon and dna fragments carrying the galactose or tryptophan operons from e. coli. restriction endonuclease ecori digests of cole1 dna and various dnas containing the trp or gal operons were joined by t4 polynucleotide ligase [polynucleotide synthetase (atp), poly(deoxyribonucleotide):poly(deoxyribonucleotide) ligase (amp-forming), ec 6.5.1.1]. chimeric plasmids carrying the desired genes were selec ...	1976	792875
the sucrose gradient and native dna s20,w, an examination of measurement problems.	sedimentation coefficients of t7, t2h and t4 dna were determined with isokinetic sucrose gradients in both 0.1 m and 1 m nacl. the s values were completely equivalent to those measured by analytical ultracentrifuge and no reduction of s20,w was observed due to the presence of sucrose (anomalous sedimentation). s20,w values are calculated on the basis of both partial specific volume (v) and apparent specific volume (0). using the latter value s20,w molecular weight relations are derived for 0.1 m ...	1976	793631
enzymes involved in thymine dimer excision in bacteriophage t4-infected escherichia coli.		1976	794491
[biology of spheroplast- and protoplast-like types of l-forms of escherichia coli k12 converted with penicillin].	a total of 21 strains of stable l-forms were obtained under the action of penicillin on various hfr and f- strains of e. coli k12. three morphological types of the l-forms obtained differed by the character of the cell elements, sensitivity to chemical agents, antibiotics and to t4 and t6 phages. cell wall was revealed in one type of the l-forms, but the rest l-form types were devoid of the cell walls. reference of the l-forms which preserved the cell wall to the spheroplastic type, and the l-fo ...	1976	795246
the genome of bacteriophage t4.		1976	795415
[reversion of rna-polymerase mutations affecting f'-factor stability].	ts+ reversions of amber mutations tsr on the beta-subunit of escherichia coli rna polymerase (79 min on the genetic map) were investigated. tsr mutants are viable due to the partial suppression of amber mutations by su2 suppressor. three types of reversions were isolated in the course of the selection for ts+ character, namely, intragenic reversions and two types of extragenic reversions, located at different regions of the bacterial chromosome. the mutation n5, located between 0 and 15 min. on ...	1976	795716
[mutator effect of suppressed amber-alleles of early genes of bacteriophage t4].	the mutator effect of amber alleles of three early genes (43, 32, 47), which were suppressed by the bacterial suppressor gene, was studied. there are some advantages in using the suppressed amber alleles instead of ts, because in this case definite amino acid substitutions take place in the protein due to certain suppressor gene effect. for example, in escherichia coli cr63(su+-1) the replacement of the original amino acid by serine takes place. studying the mutator effect of 43 alleles of dna p ...	1976	795721
[allele specificity of the mutator action of bacteriophage t4 genes 43 and 32].	the substitution of tester mutant ri31 (fs-type) for transition mutants ruv30 and ruv48 allowed to reveal new mutator alleles of dna polymerase gene of phage t4. in these conditions about 70% alleles of this gene were found to be mutators. unlike experiments carried out with mutant-tester ri31, in experiments with mutants ruv30 and ruv48 the presence of mutator alleles in gene 32 was demonstrated. the transition pathway at leads to gc is the preferential direction of the mutation alteration unde ...	1976	795722
identification and study of species specificity of antiphage lipopolysaccharides found in the preparations of bacterial dna.	a method of isolation of the antiphage agent found in the preparations of bacterial dna was developed. chemical analysis of the preparations has shown that according to their qualitative and quantitative composition they are identical to the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterial membrane. on the basis of data on the antiphage activity of the d-lps from e. coli b and e. coli k12 and on the basis of presumed analogy between the inactivation of the phage by the d-lps preparations and the phage -- cel ...	1976	796382
[chemotypes of "shigella flexneri" r mutants and related phage receptors. ii. -- localization of phage receptors (author's transl)].	receptor sites for phages fp3, v, p1kcvir, h+, c21, t4, t3, t7 and 6sr have been investigated, by comparing the lytic activity of these phages on r mutants of strain f6 (f6r) and of various serotypes (fh) of shigella flexneri with their inhibition by the lipopolysaccharides isolated from these mutants. the results suggest the following localizations for the receptor sites: phage fp3: lipid a-kdo; phage v: heptose or glucose; phage c21: heptose-glucose; phages h+, p1kcvir, t4 and t3: glucose; pha ...	1976	798512
revertants of double opal-mutants of bacteriophage t4.	revertants of double opal-mutants of bacteriophage t4 have been obtained. the properties of these revertants suggest that reversion of double opal-mutants is effected by the activity of some gent-suppressor appeared in the phage genome. restriction of these revertants by streptomycin-resistant bacterial strains shows that the suppression of the opal-mutants is realized at translation.	1976	799254
in vitro construction of bacteriophage lambda and plasmid dna molecules containing dna fragments from bacteriophage t4.	restriction endonucleases ecori and hindiii generated fragments of t4 cytosine-containing dna were inserted into bacteriophage vector lambdagtsuiii and plasmid vectors pmb9 and pbr313. resulting clones were screened for hybridization with 32p labeled t4 trna. recombinant bacteriophages and plasmids were isolated which contained a t4 fragment coding for t4 rna species 1 and 2 and t4 trna arg. selected lambda-t4 hybrid bacteriophages were grown to high titer and their dna analyzed by gel electroph ...	1976	802392
thyroxine (by competitive protein binding analysis) in human and cow milk and in infant formulas.	in 45 mothers of full term infants the level of thyroxine (t4) in serum (45 samples) and unskimmed milk (92 samples) was estimated with the aid of competitive protein binding analysis. on the 3rd day after delivery the t4 level in serum was found to be 11.1 +/- 0.4 mug/100 ml, while that in milk was 1.3 +/- 0.3 mug/100 ml. during following days of lactation the t4 concentration in sera decreased. in contrast, however, a gradual increase of the t4 content in milk was observed. the serum and milk ...	1976	1086202
immunospecific labeling of mouse lymphocytes in the scanning electron microscope.	bone marrow-derived (b) and thymus-derived (t) balb/c mouse lymphocytes were identified in the scanning electron microscope (sem) by the immunospecific attachment of one of several kinds of large-molecular-weight markers distinguishable in sem. these markers (tobacco mosaic virus, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, bushy stunt virus, and bacteriophage t4) could be modified with hapten groups and linked with anti-hapten antibody, in an indirect (sandwich) scheme, to hapten-modified anti-cell-surface anti ...	1976	1087366
fossa posterior measurements: significance of sella to floor of 4th ventricle measurements (normal position of floor of 4th ventricle).	two proportional methods are introduced to determine the normal position of the floor of the 4th ventricle expressed by two preventricular ratios: (see article); where ds = dorsum sellae, ts = tuberculum sellae and tw = twining's line. t4 is the intersection between tw and the floor of the 4th ventricle. the methods give information of the position of the 4th ventricle, the diameter of pons and the a-p diameter of the pituitary fossa.	1976	1087713
the thyroid in ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease. v. triiodothyronine. effect of corticosteroids and influence of severe disease.	the concentrations of triiodothyronine (t3), thyroxine (t4) and thyroxine binding globulin (tbg) have been measured in serum of 20 patients with ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease. the patient group was compared with 20 healthy control subjects matched for sex and age. the concentration of t3 and t4 were similar in the two groups but tbg in serum was higher in the patient group, mainly due to the high tbg levels in the female patients. the concentration of t3 in serum was lower in the severel ...	1976	816175
enchanced in vitro hepatic glucuronidation of thyroxine in rats following cutaneous application or ingestion of polychlorinated biphenyls.	in rats four daily skin application of a 30% solution of a polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) mixture in mineral oil or of a microscope immersion oil, containing 34% pcb, led to increases in liver weight, protein concentration of the 10 000 x g supernatant fluid of liver homogenates and the in vitro glucuronidation of thyroxine (t4) by the supernatant fluid, whether related to liver weight or to protein concentration in the reaction mixture. similar effects occurred after feeding 250 ppm (mg/kg) of ...	1976	816436
natural history and survival of inoperable breast cancer treated with radiotherapy and radiotherapy followed by radical mastectomy.	this retrospective study evaluates the time and site of relapse as well as the median survival of 454 consecutive patients with t3-t4 nx mo breast cancer treated with radiation therapy from 1968 to 1972. radiotherapy was delivered with kilovoltage to the first 221 patients and with cobalt to 233 patients, respectively. a group of 133 selected patients was subjected to radical mastectomy 6-8 weeks after completion of the irradiation. the incidence of first relapse was 45% within the first 18 mont ...	1976	816452
suppression of thyrotropic hormone secretion by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors.	in order to determine whether endogenous prostaglandins (pgs) are involved in the secretion of thyrotropic hormone (tsh), we monitored plasma tsh levels in female rats receiving indomethacin (ind) or aspirin (asp) to inhibit pg synthesis. tsh secretion was induced by either exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) or by throidectomy. on the basis of preliminary experiments, ind was found to inhibit thyroid secretion directly. subsequently, thyroidectomized rats receiving thyroxine (t4) repl ...	1976	816639
alterations in thyroxine metabolism produced by cutaneous application of microscope immersion oil: effects due to polychlorinated biphenyls.	a 30% solution of a polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) mixture or a microscope immersion oil containing 34% pcb, when applied to the skin of rats, led to substantial increases in the biliary excretion of intravenously injected [125i]thyroxine (t4) in bile: plasma 125i ratios, in the biliary clearance rate of plasma [125i]t4, and in bile flow. both pcb preparations also elevated liver weight, thyroid 125i uptake, and sephadex uptake of [125i]triiodothyronine (t3), and depressed serum t4 concentration ...	1976	816641
paradoxical modulation of thyrotrope responsiveness to trh during the treatment of thyrotoxic patients: apparent absence of feed-back regulation.	eight patients with active thyrotoxicosis have been followed up to one year after the onset of antithyroid treatment. at different time intervals during the investigation period, trh tests were performed and total t4 and t3 basal levels were measured. the trh-induced tsh release was delayed in all patients in spite of a normalization of the circulating levels of thyroid hormones. the delay varied according to the patients and lasted, in some cases, for as long as 24 weeks after the normalization ...	1976	816723
specificity of bacterial ribosomes and messenger ribonucleic acids in protein synthesis reactions in vitro.	ribosomes from two gram-negative bacteria translated f2 rna, t4 early mrna, mrna from three gran-negative bacteria, and mrna from six gram-positive bacteria; ribosomes from three gram-positive bacteria translated mrna from the gram-positive strains, but did not translate the other mrnas. ribosomes from the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli translated synthetic poly(u,g) but ribosomes from the gram-positive bacterium clostridium pasteurianum translated poly(u,g) very poorly, mrna from gram ...	1976	816792
increased free thyroxine in a euthyroid patient with thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency.	an unusual finding of elevated free thyroxine (ft4) concentration coexistent with familial low thyroxine-binding globulin (tbg) is described in a euthyroid patient. clinical and other laboratory tests were normal and consistent with a clinical diagnosis of euthyroidism. low tbg (tbg capacity 3-10 mug/100 ml) was confirmed by various electrophoretic procedures and by tbg immunoassay (0.9 mg/100 ml). serum t4 concentration was low (2.0-5.5 mug/100 ml). triiodothyronine (t3) resin uptake was increa ...	1976	816806
low setting of feedback regulation of tsh secretion by thyroxine in pituitary dwarfism with tsh-releasing hormone deficiency.	four patients with idiopathic pituitary dwarfism were shown to have growth hormone (gh), adrenocorticotropin (acth), and luteinizing hormone (lh) deficiencies. basal levels of thyrotropin (tsh) were within normal range in three patients and slightly elevated in one. exaggerated and delayed responses were obtained after tsh-releasing hormone (trh) stimulation. serum thyroxine (t4) values were low (2.3 +/- 0.4 mug/100 ml), while triiodothyronine (t3) levels were in the normal range (1.22 +/- 0.25 ...	1976	816807
observations on the untreated progeny of hypothyroid male rats.	the untreated progeny (f1) of hypothyroid male rats that were either radiothyroidectomized (tx) or had the neo-t4 syndrome (an endocrine disorder produced by large doses of thyroxine (t4) injected during the neonatal period) were studied. the mother rats were all normal. the fathers never had any contact with their progeny. unexpectedly, the progeny usually showed delayed eye opening, decreased weaning weights, and increased final body weight. the thyroid glands from f1 offspring of both tx and ...	1976	817106
delayed adjustment of the pituitary response to variations in circulating thyroid hormones in a case of subacute thyroiditis.	in a case of subacute de quervain thyroiditis characterized by a period of pronounced hypermetabolism followed by hypometabolism, levels of t4, t3 and the tsh response to trh were repeatedly measured. as expected, the response to trh was absent or low during the hypermetabolic phase, high during the hypometabolic phase and returned to normal with recovery. however, at the beginning and at the end of the hypometabolic phase, while circulating levels of t3 and t4 both lay in the subnormal range, t ...	1976	813919
thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid hormone interactions on thyrotropin secretion in the rat: lack of inhibiting effects of small doses of triiodo-l-thyronine in the hypothyroid rat.	rats were thyroidectomized (t) and injected once daily with thyroxine (t4) or triiodothyronine (t3) ip; circulating thyrotropin (tsh) levels and tsh response to 100 ng of thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh) iv, were measured in different groups of rats at several intervals after the last dose of t4 or t3. it was found that t rats on 1.8 mug t4 or 0.4 mug t3/100 g bw/day, response to trh decreased after the injection of the hormone, maximum suppressive effect being found about 7-8 h after t4, or ...	1976	813987
pituitary-thyroid axis in neonatal and adult rats: comparison of the sexes.	systematic comparisons have been made of the development of the pituitary-thyroid axes of male and female rats, by measuring plasma thyrotropin (tsh) and thyroxine (t4) concentrations in neonates and adults. observations were made in untreated groups as well as in rats treated with various regimens of exogenous t4, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or tsh. all hormone determinations were by radioimmunoassay (ria). salient findings include the following: 1) in early neonatal life, untreated rats sho ...	1976	813989
the trh stimulation test in endemic goitre in greece.	the serum t4=t4(d), t3 in vitro uptake=rt3u and tsh were measured before and 30 min after the injection of 200 mug of trh in 30 subjects from an iodine deficient area of central greece. these persons were divided in two groups of 16 goitrous and 14 nongoitrous patients and the results from each group compared to each other and also with the same parameters obtained from 14 controls subjects, all nongoitrous and from a nonendemic area. it has been found that in this area with a mild iodine defici ...	1976	814367
acute redistribution of thyroxine after the administration of univalent anions, salicylate, theophylline and barbiturates in rats.	rats were injected with [125i]l-thyroxine (t4) ip 16 h before the experiment and samples of blood were frequently taken from polyethylene tubing inserted into the femoral artery in anaesthetized and heparin injected animals, isovolaemia being maintained. in each sample of plasma t4 counts per ml were estimated with the aid of paper chromatography. rapid decrease of circulating t4 level was found at 20 min after iv injection of various compounds (thiocyanate, iodide, fluoroborate, theophylline an ...	1976	814764
the tsh response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) in young adult men: intra-individual variation and relation to basal serum tsh and thyroid hormones.	the response of serum tsh to duplicate tests with each of two doses of trh (30 mug and 500 mug) was studied in 22 normal young adult men. the mean intra-individual variability of the response assessed by duplicate testing (coefficient of variation) was 17% but was as high as 63% in individual subjects. while the actual range of peak tsh values after 500 mug trh was 2.7-19.5 muu/ml, those subjects (3 of 22) with a peak tsh value between 2 and 5 muu/ml on one occasion were all greater than 5 muu/m ...	1976	818102
simultaneous measurement of percentage free thyroxine and triiodothyronine: comparison of equilibrium dialysis and sephadex chromatography.	an equilibrium dialysis technique was used to measure simultaneously the proportion of free thyroxine (%ft4) and free 3,4,5'-triiodothyronine (%ft3) in sera from patients with diverse states of thyroid function and abnormal levels of plasma t4-binding proteins. in general, the correlation between %ft4 and %ft3 values was excellent in the entire group of patients studied. studies were also conducted to ascertain whether sephadex columns could be employed to obtain simultaneous measures of plasma ...	1976	818346
selective messenger translation by bacillus subtilis ribosomes.	the in vitro b. subtilis protein synthesizing system is very restricted in its ability to translate e. coli phage messenger rna's, specifically phage t4 rna, even though it actively translates its proper mrna species. in contrast, the e. coli system translates with similar efficiency mrna from either source. the initiation factors from the two systems are functionally interchangeable. the 30s b. subtilis ribosomal subunit is responsible for the limited template specificity of the b. subtilis rib ...	1976	818501
measurements of free and total serum t3 and t4 in pregnant subjects and in neonates.	despite recent descriptions of dramatic changes in the thyroidal economy in pregnancy, the precise mechanisms of these alterations have remained obscure. measurements of total and free triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) and thyroxine binding capacity (tbg) were made in 120 serum samples from 42 first trimester, 55 second trimester, and 23 third trimester pregnant women. sixteen paired term and cord blood samples were also analyzed. mean total serum t4 rose progressively from 9.8 in the fir ...	1976	820197
time, dose, and tumor volume relationships in irradiation of squamous cell carcinomas of the base of the tongue.	between january 1954 and august 1971, 174 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue were treated with megavoltage external beam using conventional treatment times. since the cumulative recurrence rate was 90% by 2 years, patients surviving 2 years without primary recurrences are considered to have no evidence of disease (ned) at the primary site. the primary control rate for t1 lesions is over 90% for doses of 6000 rads in 6 weeks to 6500 rads in 6 1/2 weeks. the control ra ...	1976	820418
carcinoma of the nasopharynx. eighteen years' experience with megavoltage radiation therapy.	from 1956 through 1973, 82 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx received high dose megavoltage radiation therapy at stanford university. the actuarial disease-free (ned) survival was 62% at 5 years and 56% at 10 years. the ned survivals at 5 years for patients with t1, t2, and t3 lesions were 76%, 68%, and 55%, respectively. no t4 patients were salvaged, but two of 10 patients who presented with cranial nerve dysfunction were long-term survivors. the degree of nodal involvement also had pr ...	1976	820419
radioimmunoassay of thyroxine-binding globulin in human plasma.	a highly specific and precise radioimmunoassay for thyroxine-binding globulin (tbg) has been developed. crossreactivity with albumin and prealbumin was excluded. the normal range in young adults was 0.97 mg/100 ml. in childhood tbg was elevated (1.34 mg/100 ml) also in old age (1.28 mg/100 ml). in normals and in childhood there was a good correlation of tbg with thyroxine (t4). t4 did not correlate with tbg with regard to age. triiodothyroxine (t3) did not correlate with tbg in any group. t4 and ...	1976	820495
the effect of aspirin and indomethacin on the trh response in man.	a double-blind study of the effect of two inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on the trh stimulation of serum tsh and prolactin was carried out in 35 normal males. the subjects were evaluated before and after the administration of indomethacin or aspirin for one week. both indomethacin and aspirin lowered plasma prostaglandin e and f levels significantly. indomethacin treatment had no effect on the serum tsh or prolactin response to 100 mug trh or the serum t3 and t4 levels. in contrast, aspir ...	1976	820703
effect of halofenate on serum thyroid hormone determinations in vitro.	halofenate has been shown to decrease thyroxine (t4) binding to thyroxine-binding globulin (tbg) in vitro. several indirect serum thyroid hormone assays are dependent on thyroid hormone binding and the results might be altered by halofenate in the serum. halofenate free acid (50-500 mug/ml) was added to serum samples in vitro, and the samples were assayed for total serum t4 by competitive protein-binding assay (cpb) and radioimmunoassay (ria), the per cent of dialyzable t4 (%ft4), total serum tr ...	1976	820706
the effect of glucocorticoid administration on human pituitary secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin.	in order to determine the mechanism by which glucocorticosteroids decrease the serum concentration of thyrotropin (tsh), we studied eight normal subjects before and after they received 16 mg of dexamethasone daily for 2 1/2 days. serum levels of tsh and prolactin (prl) were measured in the basal state and in response to the intravenous administration of 200 mug thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh); t4, free t4 (ft4), t3, and free t3 (ft3) were measured before trh injection. metabolic clearance ra ...	1976	820709
the failure of physiologic doses of reverse t3 to effect thyroid-pituitary function in man.	reverse t3 (3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, rt3), a major product of the peripheral monodeiodination of thyroxine (t4), was administered to normal male volunteers in doses sufficient to sustain an elevated serum rt3 concentration similar to that frequently observed in patients with nonthyroidal illness. no changes in basal serum t4, t3, tsh and prolactin concentrations, nor in the t3, tsh and prolactin responses to iv trh were observed during rt3 administration. these findings suggest that physiologic ...	1976	820712
behavior of a temperate bacteriophage in differentiating cells of bacillus subtilis.	during the first 6 hr of sporulation, infection of bacillus subtilis by by phi105 wild type or the clear-plaque mutant phi105 c30 was nonproductive, but phage dna was trapped inside developing spores. after infection with either wild-type or mutant phage at early times of sporulation (t1-t3), phage dna entered the developing spores in a heat-stable form, which may represent integration of the phage dna into the host chromosome. phage dna in carrier spores produced by infection at later times (t4 ...	1976	820875
type and strain variation in induction of l forms of neisseria gonorrhoeae.	strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae were inoculated onto brain heart infusion (difco) agar supplemented with penicillin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) as a stabilizer and cultivated in a candle extinction jar. l-form colonies became visible after a few days. they continued to grow and were viable for up to 38 days. the extent of inducibility of l forms of n. gonorrhoeae was examined semiquantitatively. it was found to be constant for each type and strain and to depend only slightly on the amount of ...	1976	820897
thyroid function in changing weather in a subtropical region.	serum and 24-hr urine samples were collected on 2 consecutive days during the first week of each month for 1 yr from eight healthy euthyroid men aged 25-37 yr. the means of minimum and maximum environmental temperature for the 30 days period preceding the sample collection represented the temperature for that month. total serum thyroxine (t4), triiodothyronine (t3), thyrotropin (tsh), and urinary t3 and t4 were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and serum thyroxine-binding globulin (tbg) by ...	1976	820939
absence of high-affinity low-capacity components of t4-binding sites in the cytosol of the bullfrog tadpole.		1976	821811
effect of iodine upon the trh induced release of tsh in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid individuals.	the effects of prolonged administration of iodide upon the serum concentrations of thyrotropin (tsh), thyroxine (t4), and triiodothyronine (t3) and their response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh, 400 mug i.v.) have been studied in euthyroid (n = 9) subjects, and in hypothyroid (n = 4) patients. administration of iodide (25 mg daily for two weeks) increased in healthy subjects the basal concentrations of tsh and the release of tsh in response to trh (p less than 0.05-0.01). serum concentrat ...	1976	821840
abnormal tsh, prl and gh response to tsh releasing factor in chronic renal failure.	tsh, prl and gh response to tsh releasing factor as well as basal t4 and t3 were evaluated in a group of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing chronic hemodialysis. serum t4 and t3 were lower than normal. basal tsh was normal as compared to control, but did not rise after trf stimulation. larger dosages of trf did not correct this abnormal response. basal prl was higher than control and remained at the same level during the test. gh was stimulated by the trf with a peak occurring 20 min ...	1976	821962
[cooperative survey for the determinations of l-triiodothyronine (t3) and l-thyroxine (t4): critical evaluation of methods employed (author's transl)].	a cooperative survey of the radioimmunoassays for triiodothyronine was performed among 30 participating laboratories from the thyroid association of the german society for endocrinology. a total of 16 serum samples were sent frozen to each laboratory for the determination of both triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4). it was possible to calculate the recovery rates of the participants from the values determined for an internal standard curve, which was hidden within the 16 samples and was mad ...	1976	822120
total and free thyroxine in patients with liver cirrhosis.	in 11 patients with compensated and 10 with decompensated liver cirrhosis the following determinations were carried out: total thyroxine serum concentration (t4), triiodothyronine-binding coefficient (t3bc), free thyroxine by the dialysis method (dft4), free thyroxine index (ft4i) and absolute value of free thyroxine (adft4). a statistically significant rise of t3bc, dft4, adft4 and ft4i was observed only in the group of decompensated cirrhosis. it is supposed that these changes develop not as a ...	1976	822399
microscopic organization of the ligamenta flava in cercopithecinae.	the ligamenta flava have been investigated in cercopithecus pygerythrus (vervet monkey) and c. mitis (blue monkey) at various levels of the vertebral column. it has been shown that in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions the topography of these ligaments differs. the cervical ligamenta flava do not extend over the intervertebral joints, while in the thoracic and lumbar regions they reinforce and fuse with the capsule. the ligamenta flava from t4 to s1 replace the interspinous ligaments by e ...	1976	822678
[trh and t3 suppression tests after 131i therapy of thyrotoxicosis (author's transl)].	trh and t3 suppression tests were performed on patients (124 cases) with graves' disease who underwent radiation therapy. trh test was performed at 4-6 months (group i), 6-12 months (group ii), 12-24 months (group iii) and 24-50 months (group iv) after final radiation therapy, and t3 suppression test was performed just after each trh test. the response to trh test was defined as positive when the basal tsh value was less than 2.0 muu/ml and the peak value was more than 6.2 muu/ml following trh ( ...	1976	823056
effect of normalization of hypometabolic state on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in patients with essential hypertension.	spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) manifest a hypothyroid state as evidenced by increased thyroid weight, an increased level of plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) and a decreased level of plasma thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3). in 18 patients with essential hypertension, plasma tsh, t4 and t3 concentrations were all within the normal range, but the t4 level was significantly lower than in the controls. among 21 hypothyroid patients, 2 had essential hypertension. administration ...	1976	823191
isolation and properties of the dna of african swine fever (asf) virus.	african swine fever (asf) virus was grown either in swine macrophages or in vero cells and purified free of cell dna. virus dna was isolated from virions as a molecule with a sedimentation coefficient of 60s and a contour of 58 +/- 3 mum. .these two values give a mol. wt. of 102 +/- 5 x 10(6) and 107 +/- 5 x 10(6), respectively, for the genome of asf virus. denatured dna fragments from asf virus reassociate with a c0t1/2 value of 0-60 +/- 0-05 ms, which compared with the corresponding value for ...	1976	823295
the thyroidal t4/t3 ratio and its regulation in non-toxic goitre.	in 35 patients with non-toxic goitre, surgically resected thyroid tissue was hydrolyzed with pronase under anaerobic conditions in the presence of methylmercaptoimidazole. total iodine, pbi, l-thyroxine (t4-ria and t4 (d)) as well as triiodothyronine (t3-ria) were determined in the tissue hydrolysates. the data obtained were compared with t4/t3 ratios in the serum, trh test and thyroidal 131i uptake before operation. the total iodine, amounted to 112.6 +/- 14.6 ug/g tissue. the t4/t3 ratio was 1 ...	1976	824192
effect of n3im-methyl-thyrotropin releasing hormone on the human pituitary-thyroid axis.	the n3im-methyl analogue of thyrotropin release hormone (methyl-trh) was compared with trh as a thyrotropin releaser in 30 euthyroid volunteers (ages 19-61 years). the mean tsh response to 100 mug of methyl-trh was greater (p less than 0.005) than the tsh response to 500 mug of trh from 10 min to 240 min after giving the releasing factors. the mean peak tsh (at 30 min), maximum deltatsh, and integrated tsh response area were greater (p less than 0.005) after administration of methyl-trh than aft ...	1976	824296
changes in serum thyrotropin (tsh) in man during halofenate administration.	halofenate, a serum lipid-lowering agent which inhibits binding of thyroid hormone to thyroxine-binding globulin (tbg), was administered daily for 14 days to 8 hypothyroid subjects with elevated tsh concentrations as a result of incomplete thyroxine (t4) therapy. drug administration resulted in mean increases in serum dialyzable fraction t4 (dft4) of 52% over pretreatment levels (p less than 0.01) and in dialyzable fraction triiodothyronine (dft3) of 26% in 7 subjects, (p less than 0.01). during ...	1976	824301
effect of thyroid status on the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-degrading activity of rat serum.	the trh-degrading activity of rat serum in vitro is five times more potent than that of human serum. in rats, it is significantly reduced in hypothyroidism (thiouracil-induced) and significantly increased in hyperthyroidism (t3 or t4-induced). this suggests a possible role in the regulation of adenohypophysial-thyroid function which is probably, in turn, dependent on thyroid hormone, rather than tsh, levels.	1976	824395
local control of breast cancer with tumorectomy plus radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone.	58 cases of breast cancer treated primarily by radiotherapy were evaluated to determine the optimum dose for local control. of 36 patients with t1 + t2 lesions who had tumorectomy prior to radiotherapy, incomplete excision of tumor was demonstrated on microscopic examination in 18. the minimum tumor dose to the breast was 4,500 rads in 5 weeks. treatment failed to control local tumor in only 2 (5%) and metastases in 1.26 (72%) remained disease-free for 2 to 9 years. of the 22 patients with t3 + ...	1976	824680
[sexual differences in the reaction of the thyroid gland and its sensitivity to thyrotropic hormone following administration of estradiol, testosterone and progesterone].	after the administration of estradiol benzoate (eb), testosterone propionate (tp) and progesterone (p)to sprague-dawley rats it was revealed that both the thyroid gland weight and the thyroxin-binding capacity of protein (tbcp) of the blood plasma were higher in the female than in the male animals. the female animals responsed to tp and p with lower values for total (tt4) and free thyrotoxin (t4)than the male animals. in the males eb elevated the level of tt4 and free t4, and in the females--the ...	1976	825159