Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| recent zoonoses caused by influenza a viruses. | influenza is a highly contagious, acute illness which has afflicted humans and animals since ancient times. influenza viruses are part of the orthomyxoviridae family and are grouped into types a, b and c according to antigenic characteristics of the core proteins. influenza a viruses infect a large variety of animal species, including humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals and birds, occasionally producing devastating pandemics in humans, such as in 1918, when over twenty million deaths occurred worl ... | 2000 | 11189716 |
| [sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnosis kit detecting separately influenza a and b viruses]. | sensitivity and specificity of the directigen flu a + b kit, a rapid test for influenza virus a and b, were evaluated. this test detects influenza a and b viruses separately by eia. reactivity of the kit was tested using a total of 23 isolates: 13 isolates of human influenza virus a (h1n1, h3n2) and 10 isolates of human influenza virus b. all of the isolates were tested positive and no difference in reactivity was found in antigenic variables and subtypes. the kit was only reactive to influenza ... | 2000 | 11193556 |
| influenza a virus infection complicated by fatal myocarditis. | influenza virus typically causes a febrile respiratory illness, but it can present with a variety of other clinical manifestations. we report a fatal case of myocarditis associated with influenza a infection. a previously healthy 11-year-old girl had malaise and fever for approximately 1 week before a sudden, witnessed fatal collapse at home. autopsy revealed a pericardial effusion, a mixed lymphocytic and neutrophilic myocarditis, a mild lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, focal bronchial/bronc ... | 2000 | 11111801 |
| vaccine effectiveness for influenza in the elderly in welfare nursing homes during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic. | influenza vaccine effect on the occurrence and severity of influenza virus infection in a population residing in nursing homes for the elderly was studied as a cohort study during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic in japan. of 22,462 individuals living in 301 welfare nursing homes, 10,739 voluntarily received inactivated, sub-unit trivalent influenza vaccine in a programme supported by the osaka prefectural government. there were statistically significantly fewer cases of influenza, hospital admiss ... | 2000 | 11117963 |
| change in receptor-binding specificity of recent human influenza a viruses (h3n2): a single amino acid change in hemagglutinin altered its recognition of sialyloligosaccharides. | human h3n2 influenza a viruses were known to preferentially bind to sialic acid (sa) in alpha2,6gal linkage on red blood cells (rbc). however, h3n2 viruses isolated in mdck cells after 1992 did not agglutinate chicken rbc (crbc). experiments with point-mutated hemagglutinin (ha) of a/aichi/51/92, one of these viruses, revealed that an amino acid change from glu to asp at position 190 (e190d) was responsible for the loss of ability to bind to crbc. a/aichi/51/92 did not agglutinate crbc treated w ... | 2000 | 11118381 |
| influenza a virus infection and pulmonary microthromboembolism. | this report presents the cases of two patients with rapidly progressive hypoxemia associated with influenza a(h3n2) virus infection, who were diagnosed with influenza related acute pulmonary microthromboembolism by serum d-dimer, lung perfusion and ventilation scans and computed-tomography scan of the chest, and were successfully treated by anti-coagulant therapy. the present cases suggest that acute onset pulmonary microthromboembolism should be considered in some patients with sudden, unexplai ... | 2000 | 11128871 |
| [influenza virus surveillance in tama, tokyo--viral examinations in 1996/97, 1997/98, 1998/99, and 1999/2000 seasons]. | during the 1996/97, 1997/98, 1998/99, and 1999/2000 seasons, isolations of influenza virus and/or confirmations of hemagglutinin gene of virus from the throat swab of patients in 9 medical institutions in tama, tokyo were carried out by rt-pcr and tissue culture with mdck cells. in 1996/97 and 1997/98 seasons, type a (h3n2) was the predominant type of influenza virus, which was 85% in the 1996/97 and 97% in the 1997/98, but small-scale outbreaks with type b virus was also confirmed in the 1996/9 ... | 2000 | 11140082 |
| antigenic drift in the influenza a virus (h3n2) nucleoprotein and escape from recognition by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | viruses exploit different strategies to escape immune surveillance, including the introduction of mutations in cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes. the sequence of these epitopes is critical for their binding to major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules and recognition by specific ctls, both of which interactions may be lost by mutation. sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza a viruses (h3n2) isolated in the netherlands from 1989 to 1999 revealed two independen ... | 2000 | 10888619 |
| systemic and mucosal isotype-specific antibody responses in pigs to experimental influenza virus infection. | the immunoglobulin isotype-specific responses in serum and at the respiratory mucosa of pigs after a primary infection with influenza virus were studied. to do this, we developed an aerosol challenge model for influenza in specified pathogen-free (spf) pigs and isotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). ten-week-old pigs were inoculated without anesthesia in the nostrils with an aerosol of the field isolate influenza a/swine/neth/st. oedenrode/96 (h3n2). the infection caused a ... | 2000 | 10893003 |
| influenza virus infection of desialylated cells. | sialic acid has long been considered to be the sole receptor for influenza virus. the viral hemagglutinin (ha) is known to bind cell surface sialic acid, and sialic acids on viral glyco-proteins are cleaved by the viral neuraminidase (na) to promote efficient release of progeny virus particles. however, nws-mvi, a mutant virus completely lacking na, grows well in mdck cells continuously treated with exogenous neuraminidase (sialidase). exogenous sialidase quantitatively releases all sialic acids ... | 2000 | 10910970 |
| a comprehensive systematic approach to identification of influenza a virus genotype using rt-pcr and rflp. | amplification of influenza a virus gene segments by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) can be combined with enzymatic digestion to reveal unique restriction fragment length polymorphisms specific for h1n1 and h3n2 subtype viruses. we have used the method to provide a rapid, specific and reproducible identification of the genotype of high-growth influenza reassortants derived from a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8). digestion of the gene segments amplified from wild-type viruses, pr8 ... | 2000 | 10921838 |
| vitamin e supplementation increases t helper 1 cytokine production in old mice infected with influenza virus. | compared with young mice, old mice infected with influenza virus have significantly higher pulmonary viral titres, although these can be reduced significantly with dietary vitamin e supplementation. t helper 1 (th1) cytokines, especially interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), play an important role in defending against influenza infection. however, there is an age-associated loss of th1 cytokine production. prostaglandin e2 (pge2) production, which increases with age, can modulate the t helper cell funct ... | 2000 | 10929076 |
| antiviral activity of nmso3 against respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | nmso3, a sulfated sialyl lipid was evaluated for its efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other myxovirus infections in cell culture. the median effective concentration (50% effective concentration, ec(50)) of nmso3 against replication of the long strain of rsv in hep-2 cells was 0.2 and 0.32 microm by optical elisa and the plaque reduction method, respectively. on the other hand, the corresponding values for ribavirin were 10.5 and 11.2 microm, respectively. nmso3 showed poten ... | 2000 | 10930645 |
| genetic characterization of h3n2 influenza viruses isolated from pigs in north america, 1977-1999: evidence for wholly human and reassortant virus genotypes. | since 1998, h3n2 viruses have caused epizootics of respiratory disease in pigs throughout the major swine production regions of the u.s. these outbreaks are remarkable because swine influenza in north america had previously been caused almost exclusively by h1n1 viruses. we sequenced the full-length protein coding regions of all eight rna segments from four h3n2 viruses that we isolated from pigs in the midwestern u.s. between march 1998 and march 1999, as well as from h3n2 viruses recovered fro ... | 2000 | 10930664 |
| safety and immunogenicity of adjuvanted and unadjuvanted subunit influenza vaccines administered intranasally to healthy adults. | antigen-specific mucosal immunity is thought to be important for protection against influenza virus infection. currently licensed parenteral influenza vaccines stimulate the production of serum antibodies, but are poor inducers of mucosal immunity. the adjuvant mf59 has been shown to enhance the humoral immune response to parenteral influenza vaccine in humans and the mucosal immune response to intranasally-administered influenza vaccine in mice. we conducted an open-label safety study followed ... | 2000 | 10930676 |
| variation in response among individuals to antigenic sites on the ha protein of human influenza virus may be responsible for the emergence of drift strains in the human population. | eight convalescent human sera obtained from patients aged 3 to 14 years old, who were infected with influenza a(h3n2) virus during the 1990/1991 influenza season, were characterized by a binding assay with chimeric hemagglutinin (ha) proteins between influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 and a/kamata/14/91(h3n2) strains. these sera did not recognize the ha protein of the a/aichi/2/68 strain but recognized that of the a/kamata/14/91 strain. the binding assay revealed that these sera recognized only the ha ... | 2000 | 10936103 |
| evolution of swine h3n2 influenza viruses in the united states. | during 1998, severe outbreaks of influenza were observed in four swine herds in the united states. this event was unique because the causative agents, h3n2 influenza viruses, are infrequently isolated from swine in north america. two antigenically distinct reassortant viruses (h3n2) were isolated from infected animals: a double-reassortant virus containing genes similar to those of human and swine viruses, and a triple-reassortant virus containing genes similar to those of human, swine, and avia ... | 2000 | 10954521 |
| early alterations of the receptor-binding properties of h1, h2, and h3 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins after their introduction into mammals. | interspecies transmission of influenza a viruses circulating in wild aquatic birds occasionally results in influenza outbreaks in mammals, including humans. to identify early changes in the receptor binding properties of the avian virus hemagglutinin (ha) after interspecies transmission and to determine the amino acid substitutions responsible for these alterations, we studied the has of the initial isolates from the human pandemics of 1957 (h2n2) and 1968 (h3n2), the european swine epizootic of ... | 2000 | 10954551 |
| [influenza--always present among us]. | influenza virus infects about 10 million persons worldwide each year. two important characteristics of influenza are its epidemic outbreak and high mortality rate, mostly caused by complications. influenza virus is characterised by a great antigenic variability. major modifications, called antigenic shifts or type changes, occur approximately three times per century and result in worldwide epidemics--pandemics. minor modifications, called antigenic drifts or strain changes demand new vaccine com ... | 2000 | 10965680 |
| adequate seroresponse to influenza vaccination in dialysis patients. | hemodialysis (hd) patients are immunocompromised, and they have been shown to react suboptimally to recommended vaccinations. advances in dialysis therapy and other supportive measures may theoretically result in better immune system functions. clinical evidence supporting this theory has, however, not been presented. with influenza vaccination response, we tried to address this question. | 2000 | 10971154 |
| [characteristics of epidemiological strains of influenza a virus (h3n2) isolate in 1997-1999. virus a/moscow/10/99--a candidate to become the vaccine strain]. | antigenic properties of influenza a(h3n2) viruses isolated during two epidemic seasons 1997-98 and 1998-99 in russia are analyzed. all strains are antigenic variants of the reference strain a/sydney/5/97. characteristics of epidemic strain a/moscow/10/99, proposed by who expert committee as vaccine strain for 1999-2000 have been studied. this strain, isolated on chick embryos, is characterized by high reproductive activity in chicken embryos with an infectious titer of 10(6) eid50/0.2 ml, easily ... | 2000 | 10971961 |
| studies of the 1996-1997 inactivated influenza vaccine among children attending day care: immunologic response, protection against infection, and clinical effectiveness. | a randomized, blinded, pilot study of influenza vaccine administered to children attending day care centers was conducted during the 1996-1997 winter. vaccine efficacy in preventing serologically proven influenza virus infection was 0.45 (95% confidence limit [cl]: -0.02, 0.69) for influenza b and 0.31 (95% cl: -0.95, 0.73) for influenza a(h3n2). for both influenza a(h3n2) and b, children without preexisting hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to these antigens had lower antibody responses ... | 2000 | 10979921 |
| surveillance of influenza viruses isolated from travellers at nagoya international airport. | in order to conduct a survey of influenza viruses entering japan via travellers arriving by airplanes, gargle solutions were collected from passengers who reported to the quarantine station of nagoya international airport complaining of respiratory symptoms. from 504 samples collected between august 1996 and march 1999, 30 influenza virus strains were isolated. twenty-eight of the isolates were influenza a (h3n2) viruses and two were influenza b viruses. no h1n1 virus was isolated. among 28 isol ... | 2000 | 10982075 |
| phosphatidylserine-mediated phagocytosis of influenza a virus-infected cells by mouse peritoneal macrophages. | influenza virus induces apoptosis in cultured cell lines as well as in animal tissues. hela cells were infected with influenza virus a/udon/72 (h3n2) under conditions resulting in almost 100% infection. such cells underwent typical caspase-dependent apoptosis and were efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages prepared from peritoneal fluids of thioglycolate-treated mice. the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine appeared on the surfaces of virus-infected cells at around the time efficient phago ... | 2000 | 10982371 |
| recognition of n-glycolylneuraminic acid linked to galactose by the alpha2,3 linkage is associated with intestinal replication of influenza a virus in ducks. | the hemagglutinin (ha) of h3 human influenza viruses does not support viral replication in duck intestine despite its avian origin. a leu-to-gln mutation at position 226 and a ser-to-gly mutation at position 228 in the ha of human a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) permit a reassortant virus [human udorn ha, with all other genes from a/mallard/new york/6750/78 (h2n2)] to replicate in ducks. to understand the molecular basis of this change in host range restriction, we investigated the receptor specificity of ... | 2000 | 10982377 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccine in the elderly: reduction in risks of mortality and morbidity during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic for the elderly in nursing homes. | the effect of influenza vaccination on the occurrence and severity of influenza virus infection in elderly nursing home residents was studied during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic in japan. of 22,462 individuals living in 301 welfare nursing homes, 10,739 received inactivated (subunit) influenza vaccine. through the period november 1998 to march 1999, there were 950 cases of influenza infection diagnosed clinically, with virus isolation and/or serology. there were statistically significantly few ... | 2000 | 10984124 |
| comparison of three non-nested rt-pcr for the detection of influenza a viruses. | background: the viral isolation technique (vit) is largely used as a gold standard for the detection of influenza a and b viruses in respiratory samples. some recent studies have pointed out that the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays allow sensitive and rapid detection of influenza viruses, also providing excellent correlation with traditional methods. objectives and design study: the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three non-nested pcr, two pcr-hybridization assays usin ... | 2000 | 10996113 |
| exposure to ultraviolet radiation enhances mortality and pathology associated with influenza virus infection in mice. | ultraviolet radiation (uvr) causes systemic immune suppression, decreasing the delayed type and contact hypersensitivity responses in animals and humans and enhancing certain mycobacterial, parasitic and viral infections in mice. this study tests the hypothesis that prior exposure to uvr enhances influenza infections in mice. balb/c female mice were exposed to 0-8.2 kj/m2 of uvr. exposed and unexposed mice were infected intranasally three days later with 150-300 plaque-forming units/mouse (letha ... | 2000 | 11045721 |
| [influenza season 1999/2000 and vaccine composition for the season 2000/01]. | the first signs of influenza activity in the netherlands during the 1999/2000 influenza season were the isolation of an influenza a (h3n2) virus in week 40 and of two more in week 43 of 1999. from week 50 onwards, a strong increase of the clinical influenza activity was observed which reached its peak in weeks 1 and 2 of 2000 and then rapidly declined. the clinical influenza activity was associated with the isolation of predominantly influenza a (h3n2) viruses. near the end of the epidemic, infl ... | 2000 | 11048562 |
| super-infection by bacillus thuringiensis h34 or 3a3b can lead to death in mice infected with the influenza a virus. | bacterial super-infections are the main cause of complication and mortality after influenza virus (iav) infection. since bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is considered non-pathogenic for humans and is widely sprayed in urban areas, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of a combined infection bt-iav in a mouse model of pneumonia. bacteria used for super-infections were bt serotype h34 isolated from human infection and the insecticidal strain 3a3b obtained from a commercial ... | 2000 | 11064263 |
| [serum concentration of amantadine in the treatment of children with influenza type a infection]. | fifteen children with influenza type a (h3n2) virus infection (mean age, 38 months) were treated with amantadine. amantadine was prescribed as 5 mg/kg/day and the serum concentration was measured in 5-7 days. as a result, the mean serum concentration of amantadine was 164.6 +/- 92.5 ng/ml (range, 67.4-446.9 ng/ml). adverse reactions were not associated to them. amantadine therapy against influenza type a infection is probably safe in children because of the low serum concentration shown in this ... | 2000 | 11068362 |
| a comparative study of immunocapture elisa and rt-pcr for screening clinical samples from southern greece for human influenza virus types a and b. | an immunocapture (ic) elisa and reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr assays were evaluated as screening methods for the detection of influenza virus types a and b in clinical samples collected from individuals presenting with influenza-like symptoms in southern greece. standard virus isolation in embryonated hens' eggs was taken as the reference method. according to the reference method, 25 (16.7%) of the 150 clinical samples examined were infected by influenza viruses - 19 type a (h3n2) and 6 type b. ... | 2000 | 11073158 |
| an outbreak of influenza a virus in a hilltribe village of mae hong son province thailand, 1997. | an outbreak of influenza a virus occurred in a hilltribe village between july 18th and august 8th, 1997. the overall infection rate was 92.5 per cent. the household infection rate was higher in the crowded part of the village. the symptoms analyzed after all, were fever (100%), cough (99%), headache, myalgia (78.1%) and rhinorrhea (50.5%). the patients were self - recovery within 5-7 days. isolation and haemagglutination inhibition test (hi) were undertaken to identify the causative agent. the r ... | 2000 | 11075965 |
| [influenza in 1998]. | in poland in 1998 total number of 825,345 cases of influenza were noted. it meant decrease in half (47.7%) of the number of cases registered in 1997. cumulative incidence was 2134.5 per 100,000. it was 449,592 cases in children up to 14 years old. 489 persons were hospitalized which was 0.06% of reported cases. percentage of hospitalizations decreased almost in half. number of case fatalities due to influenza was 63. in january 1998 there were isolated four variants of influenza virus of subtype ... | 2000 | 11076146 |
| [prevention of influenza--current recommendations]. | recommendation of the control of influenza include principal changes as follow: the age for universal vaccination has been lowered to 50 years from 65 years scheduling of large, organized vaccination campaigns after mid-october--2000/2001 trivalent vaccine virus strains are a/moscow/10/99 (h3n2)-like, a/new caledonia/20/99 (h1n1)-like, and b/beijing/184/93-like strains. | 2000 | 11081349 |
| zanamivir use during transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza a in a nursing home. | to describe the use of zanamivir during an influenza a outbreak. | 2000 | 11089653 |
| profound protection against respiratory challenge with a lethal h7n7 influenza a virus by increasing the magnitude of cd8(+) t-cell memory. | the recall of cd8(+) t-cell memory established by infecting h-2(b) mice with an h1n1 influenza a virus provided a measure of protection against an extremely virulent h7n7 virus. the numbers of cd8(+) effector and memory t cells specific for the shared, immunodominant d(b)np(366) epitope were greatly increased subsequent to the h7n7 challenge, and though lung titers remained as high as those in naive controls for 5 days or more, the virus was cleared more rapidly. expanding the cd8(+) memory t-ce ... | 2000 | 11090168 |
| antioxidant properties of rimantadine in influenza virus infected mice and in some model systems. | influenza virus infection is associated with development of oxidative stress in lung and blood plasma, viz. increase of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products. it was established that rimantadine treatment led to a decrease of the products of lipid peroxidation in tissues of mice experimentally infected with influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2). the effect is strongest in blood plasma (a decrease of about 50%) and weaker in the lung (about 20%). to elucidate the mechanism of this actio ... | 2000 | 11098838 |
| [variability and prevalence characteristics of influenza a virus (h1n1) in period 1990-1998]. | circulation of influenza a(h1n1) viruses in russia and cis countries had a wave-like pattern with period of silence in 1990-1995 and activation in 1995-1998, when these viruses were isolated together with a(h3n2) and b viruses. antigenic drift of epidemic strains' hemagglutinin (ha) was directed to alteration of ha in reference strains a/texas/36/91, a/johannesburg/82/96, and a/beijing/262/95. a/moscow/17/98 strain similar to a/beijing/262/95 was isolated on mdck cells for the first time in euro ... | 2000 | 11107648 |
| [hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by influenza virus: virological diagnosis]. | the paper presents the case of a female patient who was admitted to "calixto garcía" general hospital with respiratory distress and hypovolemic or septic shock. she was diagnosed with viral hemorrhagic pneumonia. from the endotracheal secretion taken as a sample, the influenza virus was isolated as etiological agent, which, through the hemaglutination inhibition technique, was characterized as a strain belonging to h3n2 subtype, very similar to strain a/johannesburg/33/94 from the antigenic view ... | 2000 | 11107898 |
| genotypic stability of cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine in an efficacy clinical trial. | an investigational live influenza virus vaccine, flumist, contains three cold-adapted h1n1, h3n2, and b influenza viruses. the vaccine viruses are 6/2 reassortants, in which the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes are derived from the circulating wild-type viruses and the remaining six genes are derived from the cold-adapted master donor strains. the six genes from the cold-adapted master donor strains ensure the attenuation, and the ha and na genes from the wild-type viruses confer ... | 2000 | 10655394 |
| efficacy of vaccination with live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine against a variant (a/sydney) not contained in the vaccine. | to determine the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of revaccination of children with live attenuated influenza vaccine. | 2000 | 10657821 |
| effective construction of dna vaccines against variable influenza genes by homologous recombination. | we demonstrate the potential of cloning by homologous recombination as a rapid method to construct dna molecules encoding newly developing hemagglutinins (ha) of influenza a virus. the variable parts of the ha genes were cloned into a basic construct containing the ha gene from an h3n2 strain. the recombinant dnas thus created encode different variable domains with neutralising epitopes from four recently circulating influenza a h3 strains. the technology allows rapid production of dna construct ... | 2000 | 10704333 |
| inactivation of human type a and b influenza viruses by tea-seed saponins. | the effects of a mixture of tea-seed saponins obtained from the seeds of camellia sinensis var. sinesis on human influenza viruses types a and b were investigated. at the concentrations of 60, 80, and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, the mixture inactivated viruses a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2), b/lee/40, and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) almost completely. the mixture also inactivated type a virus a/pr/8/34 after inoculation at concentrations of 1-30 micrograms/ml dose-dependently. | 2000 | 10705466 |
| correlates of immune protection induced by live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine. | the authors conducted a 2-year, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy field trial of live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent influenza vaccine administered by nasal spray to children 15-71 months old. overall, vaccine was 92% efficacious at preventing culture-confirmed infection by influenza a/h3n2 and influenza b. because influenza a/h1n1 did not cause disease during the years in which this study was conducted, the authors sought to determine vaccine efficacy and correlates o ... | 2000 | 10720541 |
| a previously unrecognized h-2d(b)-restricted peptide prominent in the primary influenza a virus-specific cd8(+) t-cell response is much less apparent following secondary challenge. | respiratory challenge of h-2(b) mice with an h3n2 influenza a virus causes an acute, transient pneumonitis characterized by the massive infiltration of cd8(+) t lymphocytes. the inflammatory process monitored by quantitative analysis of lymphocyte populations recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage is greatly enhanced by prior exposure to an h1n1 virus, with the recall of cross-reactive cd8(+)-t-cell memory leading to more rapid clearance of the infection from the lungs. the predominant epitope reco ... | 2000 | 10729122 |
| influenza a virus-binding activity of glycoglycerolipids of aquatic bacteria. | as the aqueous sphere has been proposed to be an important source medium for the virus infection of land animals, the glycolipids of some aquatic organisms were examined for human influenza a virus-binding activity. active compounds were not found among the eight echinoderm gangliosides, but two active non-sialylated glycoglycerolipids were isolated from an aquatic bacterium, corynebacterium aquaticum. the structural formula of one of them, h632a, was elucidated to be 1-14-methyl-hexadecanoyl-3- ... | 2000 | 10731684 |
| mismatch between the 1997/1998 influenza vaccine and the major epidemic a(h3n2) virus strain as the cause of an inadequate vaccine-induced antibody response to this strain in the elderly. | the success of influenza vaccination depends largely on the antigenic match between the influenza vaccine strains and the virus strains actually circulating during the season. in the past, this match has proved to be satisfactory in most seasons. in the 1997/1998 season, however, hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assays with ferret antisera indicated a considerable mismatch between the h3n2 vaccine component and the most prevalent epidemic influenza a(h3n2) virus. the results from antigenic analy ... | 2000 | 10745239 |
| local and systemic immune response in community-dwelling elderly after intranasal or intramuscular immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. | intramuscular (im) influenza vaccines are about 50% effective in preventing clinical illness among the elderly and their effectiveness in eliciting mucosal response may be even lower. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunological effect of a novel inactivated intranasal (in) trivalent whole influenza virus vaccine among community-dwelling elderly. sixty-one subjects were vaccinated with two doses of an in vaccine and a control group of 31 subjects was vaccinated with a commercia ... | 2000 | 10745240 |
| application of a fluorogenic pcr assay for typing and subtyping of influenza viruses in respiratory samples. | a fluorogenic pcr-based method (taqman-pcr) was developed for typing and subtyping of influenza virus genomes in clinical specimens. the taqman-pcr employs a probe technology that exploits the endogenous 5'-3' nuclease activity of the taq dna polymerase to allow direct detection of the amplicon by release of a fluorescent reporter during the pcr. therefore, post-pcr analysis is avoided since hybridization with the fluorogenic probe and quantification of the amplified product is performed simulta ... | 2000 | 10747142 |
| the role of alpha/beta and gamma interferons in development of immunity to influenza a virus in mice. | during influenza virus infection innate and adaptive immune defenses are activated to eliminate the virus and thereby bring about recovery from illness. both arms of the adaptive immune system, antibody neutralization of free virus and termination of intracellular virus replication by antiviral cytotoxic t cells (ctls), play pivotal roles in virus elimination and protection from disease. innate cytokine responses, such as alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) or ifn-gamma, can have roles in det ... | 2000 | 10756011 |
| [in vitro proliferative activity of lymphocytes from elderly persons after separate and combined immunization with live and inactivated flu vaccines]. | cellular (lymphocyte proliferation activity--lpa), humoral (serum antibodies), and secretory (iga antibodies from the upper respiratory tract) immune responses were compared in 45 subjects aged 66-95 years, vaccinated with two influenza trivalent a(h1n1) + a(h3n2) + b vaccines: russian live attenuated cold-adapted reassortant (liv) and usa inactivated split-virus (iiv) vaccines. none of immunization protocols suppressed lpa after in vitro stimulation of cell culture with homologous virus antigen ... | 2000 | 10765550 |
| global epidemiology of influenza: past and present. | pandemics are the most dramatic presentation of influenza. three have occurred in the twentieth century: the 1918 h1n1 pandemic, the 1957 h2n2 pandemic, and the 1968 h3n2 pandemic. the tools of molecular epidemiology have been applied in an attempt to determine the origin of pandemic viruses and to understand what made them such successful pathogens. an excellent example of this avenue of research is the recent phylogenetic analysis of genes of the virus that caused the devastating 1918 pandemic ... | 2000 | 10774473 |
| involvement of the mannose receptor in infection of macrophages by influenza virus. | influenza viruses a/pr/8/34 (pr8; h1n1), a/aichi/68 x-31 (hkx31; h3n2), and a/beijing/89 x-109 (bjx109; h3n2) show marked differences in their ability to infect murine macrophages, including resident alveolar and peritoneal macrophages as well as the macrophage-derived cell line j774. the hierarchy in infectivity of the viruses (pr8 < hkx31 < bjx109) resembles that of their reactivity with mannose-binding lectins of the collectin family. since the macrophage mannose receptor recognizes the same ... | 2000 | 10799594 |
| the epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses in pigs. | pigs serve as major reservoirs of h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses which are endemic in pig populations world-wide and are responsible for one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases in pigs. the maintenance of these viruses in pigs and the frequent exchange of viruses between pigs and other species is facilitated directly by swine husbandry practices, which provide for a continual supply of susceptible pigs and regular contact with other species, particularly humans. the pig has been a conten ... | 2000 | 10799776 |
| emergence of h3n2 reassortant influenza a viruses in north american pigs. | in late summer through early winter of 1998, there were several outbreaks of respiratory disease in the swine herds of north carolina, texas, minnesota and iowa. four viral isolates from outbreaks in different states were analyzed, both antigenically and genetically. all of the isolates were identified as h3n2 influenza viruses with antigenic profiles similar to those of recent human h3 strains. genotyping and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the four swine viruses had emerged through two ... | 2000 | 10799777 |
| epidemiology of influenza-associated encephalitis-encephalopathy in hokkaido, the northernmost island of japan. | it is well known that acute onset brain dysfunction, which usually is diagnosed as encephalitis or encephalopathy, occurs in association with influenza. however, this may have been underestimated as a rather infrequent event. sixty-four infants and children developed encephalitis-encephalopathy during the five recent influenza seasons in hokkaido, the northernmost island of japan. | 2000 | 10804741 |
| influenza virus-induced encephalopathy: clinicopathologic study of an autopsied case. | rapid progressive encephalopathy with a high fever, consciousness loss and recurrent convulsions has been occasionally reported in children during influenza pandemics in japan since 1995. we examined a 2-year old girl with hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome associated with acute influenza a virus infection (a/nagasaki/76/98; h3n2), to answer several questions for which no histologic or virologic data exist. | 2000 | 10804743 |
| influenza-associated encephalopathy in japan: pathogenesis and treatment. | it is estimated that more than 100 children die of influenza-associated encephalopathy (influenza encephalopathy) every year in japan. influenza encephalopathy is distinct from reye's syndrome. specifically, 20% of influenza encephalopathy patients exhibit bilateral thalamic necrosis on neuroimaging, a lesion referred to as acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ane). influenza encephalopathy may develop by the same pathogenetic mechanisms as ane, possibly via vasoactive substances or a process leadi ... | 2000 | 10804744 |
| population estimates of persons presenting to general practitioners with influenza-like illness, 1987-96: a study of the demography of influenza-like illness in sentinel practice networks in england and wales, and in the netherlands. | incidence data by age of new episodes of influenza-like illness reported by sentinel general practice networks in england and wales and in the netherlands over a 10-year period were examined to provide estimates of the consulting population during influenza epidemic periods. baseline levels of recording in each age group were calculated from weeks in which influenza viruses were not circulating and the excess over baseline calculated to provide the population estimates during influenza epidemics ... | 2000 | 10813150 |
| surveillance for influenza--united states, 1994-95, 1995-96, and 1996-97 seasons. | influenza epidemics occur nearly every year during the winter months and are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the united states, including an average of approximately 114,000 hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths per year. | 2000 | 10817484 |
| a longitudinal study of serological patterns of respiratory infections in nine infected danish swine herds. | sixteen litters of seven pigs from each of nine danish farrow-to-finish herds were followed to investigate the serological patterns caused by natural infection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pasteurella multocida toxin and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 5-7, 12. in seven of the herds, pigs were followed as two separate cohorts started 4 weeks apart, and in two herds only one cohort was followed.a total of 999 pigs were included in the study. the pigs were blood sampled at weaning a ... | 2000 | 10821962 |
| genetic characterization of an h1n2 influenza virus isolated from a pig in indiana. | an h1n2 influenza virus was isolated from a pig during an outbreak of respiratory disease and abortion on an indiana farm in november 1999. results of phylogenetic analyses indicate that this virus is a reassortant between a recent classical h1 swine virus and the reassortant h3n2 viruses that have emerged among american pigs since 1998. | 2000 | 10835031 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccine in the elderly in welfare nursing homes: reduction in risks of mortality and morbidity during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic. | the effect of influenza vaccination on the occurrence and severity of influenza virus infection in a population residing in nursing homes for the elderly was studied during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic in japan. of 22,462 individuals living in 301 welfare nursing homes, 10,739 received either one dose (2027 subjects) or two doses (8712 subjects) of inactivated, subunit trivalent influenza vaccine. during the period nov. 1998 to march 1999, there were 950 cases of influenza infection diagnosed ... | 2000 | 10847209 |
| the impact of winter epidemics of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on paediatric admissions to an urban general hospital. | to demonstrate the impact of influenza epidemics on pediatric hospital admissions, admissions that were attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection to the pediatric ward of an urban general hospital in japan were followed-up during a 4-month period from december to march 1991 through 1998. during the 1997-1998 influenza type a (h3n2) epidemic, a diagnosis of influenza type a (h3n2) was made in 26.3% of all patients admitted aged 15 years or lower. during the peak of ... | 2000 | 10568771 |
| hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis during infection with influenza a. | patients with chronic liver disease can develop hepatic decompensation during systemic infections. although gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are well recognized as causes of decompensation, the effect of influenza virus infection on patients with chronic liver disease is poorly documented. | 2000 | 10632312 |
| effects of passage history and sampling bias on phylogenetic reconstruction of human influenza a evolution. | in this paper we determine the extent to which host-mediated mutations and a known sampling bias affect evolutionary studies of human influenza a. previous phylogenetic reconstruction of influenza a (h3n2) evolution using the hemagglutinin gene revealed an excess of nonsilent substitutions assigned to the terminal branches of the tree. we investigate two hypotheses to explain this observation. the first hypothesis is that the excess reflects mutations that were either not present or were at low ... | 2000 | 10860959 |
| herd factors associated with the seroprevalences of four major respiratory pathogens in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds. | the objective of this study was to investigate sero-epidemiological aspects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mh), influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses and aujeszky disease virus (adv) in fattening pigs from 150 randomly selected farrow-to-finish pig herds. different herd factors were examined as potential risk indicators for the percentage of pigs with antibodies against the 4 pathogens. the median within-herd seroprevalences of the pathogens were: mh 76%, h1n1 100%, h3n2 40% and adv 53%. there was a pos ... | 2000 | 10863948 |
| expression of eotaxin by normal airway epithelial cells after influenza virus a infection. | viral infection is known to cause lung inflammatory disease, including bronchial asthma. the mechanisms of inflammatory cell accumulation into the airways after viral infection are not well understood. eotaxin is a cc chemokine which is a potent and specific agonist for cc chemokine receptor 3 (ccr3). ccr3 is expressed on eosinophils, basophils and t lymphocytes. these cells are known to be key cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. although it has recently been demonstrated that airway epithelial ... | 2000 | 10867508 |
| [variability of hemagglutinin from strains of influenza virus a (h3n2), isolated in russian from 1989 to 1999]. | analysis of 154 strains isolated in russia and cis countries in 1989-1999 showed that influenza virus a(h3n2) caused epidemics and epidemic rises 8 times, circulating together with a(h1n1) and b viruses. antigenic drift was revealed using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. analysis of antigenic properties of the viruses in the population showed that strains isolated during the same year were usually variants of one or rarely two reference strains. a drop of isolation rate of a(h3n2) strains o ... | 2000 | 10867992 |
| cross-protection against a lethal influenza virus infection by dna vaccine to neuraminidase. | cross-protection against a lethal influenza virus infection was examined in balb/c mice immunized with plasmid dnas encoding the neuraminidase (na) from different subtype a viruses. each na-dna was administered twice, 3 weeks apart, at the dose of 1 microg per mouse by particle-mediated dna transfer to the epidermis (gene gun) or at a dose of 30 microg per mouse by electroporation into the muscle. three weeks after the second vaccination, the mice were challenged with lethal doses of homologous ... | 2000 | 10869766 |
| a simple restriction fragment length polymorphism-based strategy that can distinguish the internal genes of human h1n1, h3n2, and h5n1 influenza a viruses. | a simple molecular technique for rapid genotyping was developed to monitor the internal gene composition of currently circulating influenza a viruses. sequence information from recent h1n1, h3n2, and h5n1 human virus isolates was used to identify conserved regions within each internal gene, and gene-specific pcr primers capable of amplifying all three virus subtypes were designed. subtyping was based on subtype-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns within the amplifie ... | 2000 | 10878047 |
| [study on the origin of influenza a(h1n2) virus ha and na genes]. | to determine the origins of the ha and na genes of new subtype (h1n2) of influenza a virus. | 2000 | 11503022 |
| epidemiological and virological influenza survey in dakar, senegal: 1996-1998. | an influenza survey was conducted in seven sentinel sites in dakar, senegal from june 1996 to december 1998. throat or nasal swab cultures were randomly collected from 804 patients suffering from influenza-like symptoms. influenza viruses were isolated at a similar proportion in adults and in children (p = 0.29). strains of influenza b viruses were isolated from sporadic cases in 1997, whereas type a virus was associated with an isolated peak. proportions of influenza virus isolation varied from ... | 2000 | 11289677 |
| prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | this report updates 1999 recommendations by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) on the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (mmwr 1999;48[no. rr-4]: 1-29). these recommendations include five principal changes: a) the age for universal vaccination has been lowered to 50 years from 65 years; b) scheduling of large, organized vaccination campaigns after mid-october may be considered because the availability of vaccine in any location cannot be assured consistently in th ... | 2000 | 15580733 |
| h3n2 influenza a virus recovered from a neonatal pig in ontario--1997. | 1999 | 10646069 | |
| evaluation of trivalent, live, cold-adapted (caiv-t) and inactivated (tiv) influenza vaccines in prevention of virus infection and illness following challenge of adults with wild-type influenza a (h1n1), a (h3n2), and b viruses. | trivalent, live, cold-adapted influenza vaccine (caiv-t) is highly effective in the prevention of influenza in children, and a variety of monovalent and bivalent cold-adapted influenza vaccines have been efficacious in adults. in order to determine the efficacy of caiv-t in healthy adults, we administered caiv-t, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) or placebo to 103 adults in randomized double-blind fashion, and then challenged those subjects who had pre-screening serum hemagglutinatio ... | 1999 | 10580204 |
| influenza activity--united states, 1999-2000 season. | influenza activity was low during october 3-november 6, 1999; influenza virus isolates were reported from 30 states, and four long-term-care facility outbreaks were reported from three states. the predominant viruses isolated were influenza type a(h3n2) viruses. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during october 3-november 6, 1999. it also summarizes u.s. influenza surveillance methodology, including the four primary sources of surveillance data, a modification to pneu ... | 1999 | 10599589 |
| [evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay for detection of influenza a virus among adult and elderly patients]. | directigen flu a, an enzyme immunoassay membrane test for the detection of influenza a virus, was compared with serum hemagglutinine inhibition assay in adult and elderly patients. throat specimens were collected by vigorous swabbing from febrile patients who were suspect for influenza by clinical symptoms and tested with directigen flu a. serum samples were collected from the patients at onset of illness and two to eleven weeks later and tested for antibody titer to influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, an ... | 1999 | 10624096 |
| [the etiological structure of the morbidity from influenza and other ards on the territory of russia in the season of 1997-1998]. | the antigenic properties of 51 strains of influenza virus a(h1n1), isolated in different cities of russia during the epidemic of 1998, were studied. most of these strains (49) proved to be similar to virus a/bern/07/95 in the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin, but 2 strains isolated in ulan-ude were found to be closely related to new antigenic variants of this virus: a/beijing/262/95 and a/fukuoka/c7/98. the analysis of the antigenic structure of influenza-like diseases (ild) in different cit ... | 1999 | 10852031 |
| [use of sentinel reporting clinics for influenza surveillance in the winter of 1996-1997]. | in a joint effort of the israel center for disease control, the national center for influenza in the central virology laboratory, together with a group of collaborating pediatricians and family physicians, a network for influenza surveillance was established in the winter of 1996-97. nose and throat swabs were obtained from 571 patients with flu-like illness. 133 (23%) were positive for influenza virus. both influenza a(h3n2) and b were isolated, predominantly influenza b during the beginning of ... | 1999 | 10914192 |
| [diagnosis of an acute respiratory infection outbreak in children under 3 years of age in santiago de cuba]. | in november, 1996, there was an outbreak of acute respiratory infection in children under 3 in the province of santiago de cuba. 7 samples of nasopharyngeal exudates were received to determine the causal agent of the outbreak by indirect immunofluorescence technique (4 positive samples, 57.14%). they were inoculated in mdck cells culture and those cases that presented positive hemadsorption (6 isolates, 85.71%) were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence techniques (6 positive samples, 100%) an ... | 1999 | 10887559 |
| [the feature of influenza virus activity and genetic characterization of ha1 gene of influenza a h3n2 viruses isolated from 1994-1997 in shenzhen]. | to understand the feature of influenza virus activity and genetic characterization of ha1 gene of influenza a h3n2 viruses isolated in recently years in shenzhen. | 1999 | 12569759 |
| protection against a lethal avian influenza a virus in a mammalian system. | the question of how best to protect the human population against a potential influenza pandemic has been raised by the recent outbreak caused by an avian h5n1 virus in hong kong. the likely strategy would be to vaccinate with a less virulent, laboratory-adapted h5n1 strain isolated previously from birds. little attention has been given, however, to dissecting the consequences of sequential exposure to serologically related influenza a viruses using contemporary immunology techniques. such experi ... | 1999 | 9882351 |
| heterosubtypic immunity to lethal influenza a virus infection is associated with virus-specific cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses induced in mucosa-associated tissues. | heterosubtypic immunity, defined as cross-reactive immune responses to influenza virus of a different serotype than the virus initially encountered, was investigated in association with virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses induced in systemic and mucosa-associated lymph nodes after immunization via different routes. mice immunized by the pulmonary route with live nonpathogenic influenza virus, strain udorn (h3n2), survived challenge with mouse-adapted pathogenic influenza virus, ... | 1999 | 9927573 |
| role of neuraminidase in influenza virus-induced apoptosis. | the virulent influenza virus clone 7a produced a greater level of apoptosis in mdck cells compared with the attenuated strain a/fiji. in both cases, apoptosis could be partially blocked by treatment with three anti-neuraminidase compounds [4-amino-(gr121158a) and 4-guanidino- (gg167; zanamivir) 2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid and 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-n-acetylneuraminic acid (dana)] when they were given to cells during the virus attachment/entry phase, but not subsequent to this phase. in cont ... | 1999 | 9934696 |
| immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in patients with hemato-oncological disorders. | the aim of this study was to measure the production of antihemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibodies in patients with proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic or lymphatic system, immunized with influenza vaccine in the epidemic season 1995/96. twenty patients between 22 and 84 years volunteered for vaccination and were vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of split trivalent influenza vaccine ("fluarix", smithkline beecham) in autumn 1995 at the outpatients clinic, general hospit ... | 1999 | 10037036 |
| evaluation of clinical case definitions of influenza: detailed investigation of patients during the 1995-1996 epidemic in france. | using clinical predictors, we evaluated clinical case definitions of influenza during the 1995-1996 outbreak in france. thirty-five general practitioners collected virological specimens and clinical data. predictors of influenza virus infection were selected with logistic regression models. the results varied with the influenza virus subtype: temperature of >38.2 degrees c, stiffness or myalgia, rhinorrhea, and cough were predictive of influenza a/h3n2, whereas fatigue, lacrimation or conjunctiv ... | 1999 | 10064245 |
| inhibition of viral adhesion and infection by sialic-acid-conjugated dendritic polymers. | multiple sialic acid (sa) residues conjugated to a linear polyacrylamide backbone are more effective than monomeric sa at inhibiting influenza-induced agglutination of red blood cells. however, "polymeric inhibitors" based on polyacrylamide backbones are cytotoxic. dendritic polymers offer a nontoxic alternative to polyacrylamide and may provide a variety of potential synthetic inhibitors of influenza virus adhesion due to the wide range of available polymer structures. we evaluated several dend ... | 1999 | 10077477 |
| protection of mice against a lethal influenza virus challenge after immunization with yeast-derived secreted influenza virus hemagglutinin. | the a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2-subtype) hemagglutinin (ha) gene was engineered for expression in pichia pastoris as a soluble secreted molecule. the ha cdna lacking the c-terminal transmembrane anchor-coding sequence was fused to the saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor secretion signal and placed under control of the methanol-inducible p. pastoris alcohol oxidase 1 (aox1) promoter. growth of transformants on methanol-containing medium resulted in the secretion of recombinant non-cleaved solu ... | 1999 | 10091596 |
| influenza vaccination in liver transplant recipients. | the immunogenicity of the trivalent inactivated influenza split virus vaccine (infusplit ssw 97/98) containing a/bayern/07/95 (h1n1)-like (a/johannesburg/82/96 [nib-39]), a/wuhan/359/95 (h3n2)-like (a/nanchang/933/95 [resvir-0]), and b/beijing/184/93-like (b/harbin/7/94) hemagglutinin antigens was tested in liver transplant recipients (txl-r). | 1999 | 10096534 |
| a novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and il-2 or gm-csf. i. vaccine characterization and efficacy studies in mice. | the aim of this study was to improve the potency of the currently used influenza subunit vaccines, which are of relatively low efficiency in high-risk groups. influenza a virus (shangdong/9/93) haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (h3n2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) and interleukin-2 (il-2) were encapsulated, each separately or combined, in multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. balb/c mice were immunized once, i.p. or s.c., with 0.05-2.0 microg ... | 1999 | 10195636 |
| antigenic drift in swine influenza h3 haemagglutinins with implications for vaccination policy. | in order to explore the occurrence of antigenic drift in swine influenza a(h3n2) virus, we examined virus strains from outbreaks of respiratory disease among finishing pigs in the netherlands in 1996 and 1997 and from earlier outbreaks. in contrast to swine h3n2 strains from the 1980s, the recent isolates did not show significant cross-reactivity with human influenza a(h3n2) viruses from 1972-1975 in haemagglutination inhibition tests. these new strains form a separate branch in the phylogenetic ... | 1999 | 10195767 |
| comparative analysis of evolutionary mechanisms of the hemagglutinin and three internal protein genes of influenza b virus: multiple cocirculating lineages and frequent reassortment of the np, m, and ns genes. | phylogenetic profiles of the genes coding for the hemagglutinin (ha) protein, nucleoprotein (np), matrix (m) protein, and nonstructural (ns) proteins of influenza b viruses isolated from 1940 to 1998 were analyzed in a parallel manner in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of these viruses. unlike human influenza a (h3n2) viruses, the evolutionary pathways of all four genes of recent influenza b viruses revealed similar patterns of genetic divergence into two major lineages. although ... | 1999 | 10196339 |
| dose dependence of ctl precursor frequency induced by a dna vaccine and correlation with protective immunity against influenza virus challenge. | intramuscular injection of balb/c mice with a dna plasmid encoding nucleoprotein (np) from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) provides cross-strain protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus a/hk/68 (h3n2). ctl specific for the h-2kd-restricted epitope np147-155 are present in these mice and are thought to play a role in the protection. to assess the effectiveness of np dna immunization in comparison with influenza virus infection in the induction of ctl responses, we monitored the f ... | 1999 | 10201942 |
| characterization of high-growth reassortant influenza a viruses generated in mdck cells cultured in serum-free medium. | in the present study reassortant influenza a viruses of both the h1n1 and h3n2 type were generated in madin darby canine kidney cells grown in the absence of fetal bovine serum (mdck-sf1 cells). to this end, mdck-sf1 cells were simultaneously infected with one of the high-growth laboratory strains a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) or a/hong kong/2/68 (h3n2) and recent h3n2 and h1n1 vaccine strains, respectively. reassortant viruses obtained from these mixed infections were genetically characterized by r ... | 1999 | 10217593 |
| influenza vaccination in heart transplant recipients. | seventy-nine heart transplant recipients were vaccinated with a trivalent influenza virus vaccine 1996/97 containing the strains a/singapore/6/86 (h1n1), a/wuhan/395/95 (h3n2), and b/beijing/184/93. the proportions of patients with protective levels of antibody (hi > or = 40) after vaccination ranged from 100% (a/singapore [h1n1]) to 31.6% (b/beijing) and their mean fold titer increases were lower than those recorded for vaccination of 109 healthy subjects with the same batch of vaccine. the vac ... | 1999 | 10328147 |
| effects of egg-adaptation on the receptor-binding properties of human influenza a and b viruses. | propagation of human influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs (ce) results in the selection of variants with amino acid substitutions near the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule. to evaluate the mechanisms by which these substitutions enable human virus growth in ce, we studied the binding of 10 human influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) and b strains, isolated and propagated solely in mdck cells, and of their egg-adapted counterparts to preparations of cellular membranes, ganglio ... | 1999 | 10366560 |
| [influenza in 1997]. | the number of cases of influenza and influenza-like illness registered in poland in 1997 amounted to 1,578,494. this number of cases is 41.8% lower when compared with the previous year 1996. the incidence of influenza amounted to 4,084 per 100,000 inhabitants. the number of influenza cases registered in children aged up to 14 years was 557,033. this is 35.6% of total number of cases. the incidence of influenza in this group amounted to 6,828.7 per 100,000 and was 67% higher than total incidence. ... | 1999 | 10402849 |
| paradoxical response to a novel influenza virus vaccine strain: the effect of prior immunization. | repeated influenza immunization does not appear to adversely affect the serum antibody response to new influenza strains. | 1999 | 10403596 |