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a riboswitch-regulated antisense rna in listeria monocytogenes.riboswitches are ligand-binding elements located in 5' untranslated regions of messenger rnas, which regulate expression of downstream genes. in listeria monocytogenes, a vitamin b12-binding (b12) riboswitch was identified, not upstream of a gene but downstream, and antisense to the adjacent gene, pocr, suggesting it might regulate pocr in a nonclassical manner. in salmonella enterica, pocr is a transcription factor that is activated by 1,2-propanediol, and subsequently activates expression of t ...201323878253
iron induces bimodal population development by escherichia coli.bacterial biofilm formation is a complex developmental process involving cellular differentiation and the formation of intricate 3d structures. here we demonstrate that exposure to ferric chloride triggers rugose biofilm formation by the uropathogenic escherichia coli strain uti89 and by enteric bacteria citrobacter koseri and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. two unique and separable cellular populations emerge in iron-triggered, rugose biofilms. bacteria at the air-biofilm interface exp ...201323359678
comparative sequence, structure and redox analyses of klebsiella pneumoniae dsba show that anti-virulence target dsba enzymes fall into distinct classes.bacterial dsba enzymes catalyze oxidative folding of virulence factors, and have been identified as targets for antivirulence drugs. however, dsba enzymes characterized to date exhibit a wide spectrum of redox properties and divergent structural features compared to the prototypical dsba enzyme of escherichia coli dsba (ecdsba). nonetheless, sequence analysis shows that dsbas are more highly conserved than their known substrate virulence factors, highlighting the potential to inhibit virulence a ...201324244651
salmonella typhi omps1 and omps2 porins are potent protective immunogens with adjuvant properties.salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is the causal agent of typhoid fever, a disease that primarily affects developing countries. various antigens from this bacterium have been reported to be targets of the immune response. recently, the s. typhi genome has been shown to encode two porins--omps1 and omps2--which are expressed at low levels under in vitro culture conditions. in this study, we demonstrate that immunizing mice with either omps1 or omps2 induced production of specific, long- ...201323432484
bacterial coinfections in travelers with malaria: rationale for antibiotic therapy.malaria predisposes children in areas where malaria is endemic to concurrent bacteremia, often with severe outcomes. the importance of bacterial coinfections in patients diagnosed with malaria in nonendemic settings has, however, not been reported. a retrospective analysis of microbiology data was performed in 755 travelers diagnosed with malaria in sweden. bacterial cultures from blood and other locations were correlated to clinical outcome and antibiotic treatment. blood cultures were drawn fr ...201323052321
host specificity of bacterial pathogens.most pathogens are able to infect multiple hosts but some are highly adapted to a single-host species. a detailed understanding of the basis of host specificity can provide important insights into molecular pathogenesis, the evolution of pathogenic microbes, and the potential for pathogens to cross the species barrier to infect new hosts. comparative genomics and the development of humanized mouse models have provided important new tools with which to explore the basis of generalism and speciali ...201324296346
dimethyl adenosine transferase (ksga) deficiency in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis confers susceptibility to high osmolarity and virulence attenuation in chickens.dimethyl adenosine transferase (ksga) performs diverse roles in bacteria, including ribosomal maturation and dna mismatch repair, and synthesis of ksga is responsive to antibiotics and cold temperature. we previously showed that a ksga mutation in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis results in impaired invasiveness in human and avian epithelial cells. in this study, we tested the virulence of a ksga mutant (the ksga::tn5 mutant) of s. enteritidis in orally challenged 1-day-old chickens. the ...201324123731
absence of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, pecam-1/cd31, in vivo increases resistance to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in mice.pecam-1/cd31 is known to regulate inflammatory responses and exhibit pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. this study was designed to determine the functional role of pecam-1 in susceptibility to murine primary in vivo infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and in in vitro inflammatory responses of peritoneal macrophages. lectin profiling showed that cellular pecam-1 and recombinant human pecam-1-ig chimera contain high levels of mannose sugars and n-acetylglucosamine. consistent ...201323509149
computational analysis of bacterial rna-seq data.recent advances in high-throughput rna sequencing (rna-seq) have enabled tremendous leaps forward in our understanding of bacterial transcriptomes. however, computational methods for analysis of bacterial transcriptome data have not kept pace with the large and growing data sets generated by rna-seq technology. here, we present new algorithms, specific to bacterial gene structures and transcriptomes, for analysis of rna-seq data. the algorithms are implemented in an open source software system c ...201323716638
posttranslational maturation of the invasion acyl carrier protein of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium requires an essential phosphopantetheinyl transferase of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) carries genes required for the formation of a type 3 secretion system, which is necessary for the invasion process of salmonella. among the proteins encoded by spi-1 is iacp, a homolog of acyl carrier proteins. acyl carrier proteins are mainly involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, and they require posttranslational maturation by addition of a 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group to be functional. in this study, we analyzed iacp maturation in vivo. by pe ...201323893113
genome and transcriptome adaptation accompanying emergence of the definitive type 2 host-restricted salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathovar.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive type 2 (dt2) is host restricted to columba livia (rock or feral pigeon) but is also closely related to s. typhimurium isolates that circulate in livestock and cause a zoonosis characterized by gastroenteritis in humans. dt2 isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within s. typhimurium based on whole-genome-sequence polymorphisms. comparative genome analysis of dt2 94-213 and s. typhimurium sl1344, dt104, and d23580 identified few differe ...201323982073
the feoc protein leads to high cellular levels of the fe(ii) transporter feob by preventing ftsh protease regulation of feob in salmonella enterica.in the gammaproteobacteria, the feoa, feob, and feoc proteins constitute the feo system, which mediates ferrous iron [fe(ii)] import. of these feo proteins, feob is an inner membrane fe(ii) transporter that is aided by the small protein feoa. however, the role of another small protein, feoc, has remained unknown. here we report that the feoc protein is necessary for feob protein-mediated fe(ii) uptake in salmonella experiencing low levels of oxygen and iron. the feoc protein was found to directl ...201323708131
bacterial colonization of host cells in the absence of cholesterol.reports implicating important roles for cholesterol and cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in host-pathogen interactions have largely employed sterol sequestering agents and biosynthesis inhibitors. because the pleiotropic effects of these compounds can complicate experimental interpretation, we developed a new model system to investigate cholesterol requirements in pathogen infection utilizing dhcr24(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mefs). dhcr24(-/-) mefs lack the δ24 sterol reductase required for ...201323358892
a novel anti-microbial function for a familiar rab gtpase.salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that closely interacts with its host and replicates intracellularly. it has evolved the ability to create an intracellular membrane vacuole where it can survive and replicate. the nature of the salmonella vacuole is still poorly understood, and although it has some features in common with lysosomes, it serves as a suitable niche for its survival. in contrast to broad-host salmonella enterica serovars, salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is a h ...201324321888
a novel antisense rna from the salmonella virulence plasmid pslt expressed by non-growing bacteria inside eukaryotic cells.bacterial small rnas (srnas) are regulatory molecules playing relevant roles in response to environmental changes, stressful conditions and pathogenesis. the intracellular bacterial pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is known to regulate expression of some srnas during colonization of fibroblasts. here, we characterize a previously unknown srna encoded in the s. typhimurium pslt virulence plasmid that is specifically up-regulated by non-growing dormant bacteria per ...201324205037
atg16l1 is required for autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and protection of mice from salmonella infection.intestinal epithelial cells aid in mucosal defense by providing a physical barrier against entry of pathogenic bacteria and secreting antimicrobial peptides (amps). autophagy is an important component of immune homeostasis. however, little is known about its role in specific cell types during bacterial infection in vivo. we investigated the role of autophagy in the response of intestinal epithelial and antigen-presenting cells to salmonella infection in mice.201323973919
a bacterial virulence protein promotes pathogenicity by inhibiting the bacterium's own f1fo atp synthase.several intracellular pathogens, including salmonella enterica and mycobacterium tuberculosis, require the virulence protein mgtc to survive within macrophages and to cause a lethal infection in mice. we now report that, unlike secreted virulence factors that target the host vacuolar atpase to withstand phagosomal acidity, the mgtc protein acts on salmonella's own f1fo atp synthase. this complex couples proton translocation to atp synthesis/hydrolysis and is required for virulence. we establish ...201323827679
quantification of the effects of antibodies on the extra- and intracellular dynamics of salmonella enterica.antibodies are known to be essential in controlling salmonella infection, but their exact role remains elusive. we recently developed an in vitro model to investigate the relative efficiency of four different human immunoglobulin g (igg) subclasses in modulating the interaction of the bacteria with human phagocytes. our results indicated that different igg subclasses affect the efficacy of salmonella uptake by human phagocytes. in this study, we aim to quantify the effects of igg on intracellula ...201323235264
salmonella enterica suppresses pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum population and soft rot progression by acidifying the microaerophilic environment.although enteric human pathogens are usually studied in the context of their animal hosts, a significant portion of their life cycle occurs on plants. plant disease alters the phyllosphere, leading to enhanced growth of human pathogens; however, the impact of human pathogens on phytopathogen biology and plant health is largely unknown. to characterize the interaction between human pathogens and phytobacterial pathogens in the phyllosphere, we examined the interactions between pectobacterium caro ...201323404399
a chemical biology approach to interrogate quorum-sensing regulated behaviors at the molecular and cellular level.small molecule probes have been used extensively to explore biologic systems and elucidate cellular signaling pathways. in this study, we use an inhibitor of bacterial communication to monitor changes in the proteome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with the aim of discovering unrecognized processes regulated by ai-2-based quorum-sensing (qs), a mechanism of bacterial intercellular communication that allows for the coordination of gene expression in a cell density-dependent manner. in ...201323890008
antimicrobial activity of amazonian medicinal plants.the aqueous extracts of currently utilized amazonian medicinal plants were assayed in vitro searching for antimicrobial activity against human and animal pathogenic microorganisms.201323961431
discrimination of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram negative bacilli by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.discrimination of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram negative bacilli by maldi-tof mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has proven to be an effective identification tool in medical microbiology. discrimination to subspecies or serovar level has been found to be challenging using commercially available identification software. by forming our own reference database and using alternative analysis methods, we could reli ...201323919091
the tip of the tail needle affects the rate of dna delivery by bacteriophage p22.the p22-like bacteriophages have short tails. their virions bind to their polysaccharide receptors through six trimeric tailspike proteins that surround the tail tip. these short tails also have a trimeric needle protein that extends beyond the tailspikes from the center of the tail tip, in a position that suggests that it should make first contact with the host's outer membrane during the infection process. the base of the needle serves as a plug that keeps the dna in the virion, but role of th ...201323951045
mapping and regulation of genes within salmonella pathogenicity island 12 that contribute to in vivo fitness of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.salmonella pathogenicity island 12 (spi-12) of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a 15-kb region that encompasses genes stm2230 to stm2245 and encodes a remnant phage known to contribute to bacterial virulence. in mouse infection experiments and replication assays in macrophages, we demonstrated a role for four genes in spi-12 for bacterial survival in the host. stm2239, a potential q antiterminator, showed a prominent contribution to bacterial fitness. transcriptional reporter experimen ...201323630960
dsba and mgrb regulate stea expression through the two-component system phoq/phop in salmonella enterica.stea is a protein that can be translocated into host cells through the two virulence-related type iii secretion systems that are present in salmonella enterica. we used the t-pop system to carry out general screens for loci that exhibited activation or repression of a stea::lacz fusion. these screens identified the histidine kinase phoq and the response regulator phop as positive regulators of stea. transcription of this gene is σ70 dependent, and the promoter of stea contains a phop-binding sit ...201323504014
antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of plant seed extracts from brazilian semiarid region.the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of ethanolic seed extracts of twenty-one plant species from brazilian semiarid region were investigated. the extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against six bacteria strains and three yeasts. six extracts presented activity against the gram (-) organism salmonella choleraesuis and the gram (+) organisms staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. the mic values ranged from 4.96 to 37.32 mg/ml. the triplaris gardnerian ...201324386637
immunogenicity of recombinant proteins consisting of plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein allelic variant-derived epitopes fused with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium flagellin.a plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp)-based recombinant fusion vaccine is the first malaria vaccine to reach phase iii clinical trials. resistance to infection correlated with the production of antibodies to the immunodominant central repeat region of the csp. in contrast to p. falciparum, vaccine development against the csp of plasmodium vivax malaria is far behind. based on this gap in our knowledge, we generated a recombinant chimeric protein containing the immunodominant cen ...201323863502
virulence and stress-related periplasmic protein (visp) in bacterial/host associations.gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lps. lps is constituted of an oligosaccharide portion and a lipid-a moiety that embeds this molecule within the outer membrane. lps is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and several pathogens modify their lipid-a as a stealth strategy to avoid recognition by the innate immune system and gain resistance to host factors that disrupt the bacterial cell envelope. an essential feature of salmonella enterica typhimurium pathogenesis is its ...201323302685
transcription networks responsible for early regulation of salmonella-induced inflammation in the jejunum of pigs.the aim of this study was to identify transcription factors/regulators that play a crucial role in steering the (innate) immune response shortly (within a few hours) after the first contact of the intestinal mucosa with an inflammatory mediator, and to test whether the processes regulated by these factors/regulators can be modulated by chemical substances of natural origin.201323590759
inactivation of pathogens in feces by desiccation and urea treatment for application in urine-diverting dry toilets.ecological sanitation technologies can be effective in providing health and environmental pollution control if they can efficiently reduce the pathogenicity of microorganisms carried in fecal material to safe levels. this study evaluated the sanitizing effects of different additives for dry treatment of feces from urine-diverting dry toilets, based on inactivation of enterococcus faecalis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, bacteriophages ms2 and φx, and ascaris suum. the additives, ash (a ...201323335764
the selectable antibiotic marker, teta(c), increases pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to the herbicide/superoxide generator, paraquat.the presence of the widely used selectable antibiotic marker, teta(c), unexpectedly increased the sensitivity of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 to the superoxide-generating herbicide, paraquat. a dna fragment spanning the first 99 amino acids of teta(c) was sufficient to confer paraquat sensitivity. the teta(c)-induced paraquat sensitive phenotype was observed in other gram-negative bacteria such as agrobacterium tumefaciens, salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium and xanthomonas campestris suggestin ...201323907582
synthesis and anti-microbial potencies of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-alkylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids: microbial viabilities at different ionic liquids concentrations.three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-alkylimidazolium chloride room temperature ionic liquids (ils) [2ohimc(n)][cl]; (n=0, 1, 4) have been synthesized from the appropriate imidazole precursors and characterized by ir and nmr spectroscopies and elemental analysis. their anti-microbial activities were investigated using the well-diffusion method. the viabilities of escherichia coli, aeromonas hydrophila, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica as a function of il concentrations were studied. the mini ...201323107478
screening of microbial contamination and antimicrobial activity of sea cucumber holothuria polii.microbiological studies were carried out on microbial contamination and antimicrobial activity of sea cucumber holothuria polii collected from mediterranean sea at abu-kir shore of alexandria, egypt. the obtained results revealed the presence of isolates of five human gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, representing five genera were identified to species level, including, esherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella sp. and shigella sp. in addition, an yeast candida ...201322653870
[determination of the antimicrobial capacity of green tea (camellia sinensis) against the potentially pathogenic microorganisms escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, candida albicans and aspergillus niger].many studies can be found in scientific literature demonstrating the antimicrobial capacity of different herbs, including green tea. never-theless, many results are divergent or cannot be compared. several green tea formulations may be found in market, but there is scarce or non-information about its activity. in this work, the potential antimicrobial effect of 50 samples of dry green tea and in 10% infusion against escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus au ...201325362825
antibacterial/antifungal activity and synergistic interactions between polyprenols and other lipids isolated from ginkgo biloba l. leaves.polyprenols separated from lipids are promising new components from ginkgo biloba l. leaves (gbl). in this paper, ginkgo lipids were isolated by extraction with petroleum ether, saponification, and molecular distillation. eight known compounds: isophytol (1), nerolidol (2), linalool (3), β-sitosterol acetate (4), β-sitosterol (5), stigmasterol (6), ergosterol (7), β-sitosterol-3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (8) and ginkgo biloba polyprenols (gbp) were separated from gbl by chromatography and identified ...201323434869
effect of the temperature of the dipping solution on the antimicrobial effectiveness of various chemical decontaminants against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on poultry.the influence of the temperature of the dipping solution on the antimicrobial effectiveness of several chemical poultry decontaminants was assessed. a total of 765 poultry legs were inoculated with gram-positive bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, or brochothrix thermosphacta) or gram-negative bacteria (salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis, escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, or pseudomonas fluorescens). samples were dipped for 15 min in solutions ...201323643125
in vitro assessment of functional properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from faecal microbiota of healthy dogs for potential use as probiotics.lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified in the faeces of chinese crested and yorkshire terrier pups and their probiotic features were investigated in vitro. thirty seven isolates were identified as lactobacillus or enterococcus. out of these isolates, 31 were lactic acid bacteria (lab) and belonged to the species lactobacillus reuteri (16/37; 43.3%), lactobacillus animalis (7/37; 18.9%), lactobacillus acidophilus (3/37; 8.1%), lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (2/37; 5.4%), lactobacillus ...201323538205
selection of dna aptamers for capture and detection of salmonella typhimurium using a whole-cell selex approach in conjunction with cell sorting.alternative ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers can be used for pathogen capture and detection and offer advantages over antibodies, including reduced cost, ease of production and modification, and improved stability. dna aptamers demonstrating binding specificity to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were identified by whole-cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) beginning with a combinatorial library of biotin-labeled single stranded dna molecules. aptame ...201323494620
antimicrobial activity of essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants against several foodborne and spoilage bacteria.the antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from a variety of aromatic plants, often used in the portuguese gastronomy was studied in vitro by the agar diffusion method. the essential oils of thyme, oregano, rosemary, verbena, basil, peppermint, pennyroyal and mint were tested against gram-positive (listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative stra ...201323444311
inhibitory effect of cinnamon powder on pathogen growth in laboratory media and oriental-style rice cakes (sulgidduk).there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural plant materials as alternative food preservatives. we examined the antimicrobial effects of natural plant materials used as additives against foodborne pathogens in laboratory media and sulgidduk, oriental-style rice cakes. cinnamon, mugwort, and garlic powder solutions (3%) were tested for their antimicrobial activities against pathogens in laboratory media. sulgidduk prepared with different amounts of cinnamon powder (1, 3, and 6%) wa ...201323317869
microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens.the human intestine, colonized by a dense community of resident microbes, is a frequent target of bacterial pathogens. undisturbed, this intestinal microbiota provides protection from bacterial infections. conversely, disruption of the microbiota with oral antibiotics often precedes the emergence of several enteric pathogens. how pathogens capitalize upon the failure of microbiota-afforded protection is largely unknown. here we show that two antibiotic-associated pathogens, salmonella enterica s ...201323995682
growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of constituents identified in asarum heterotropoides root on human intestinal bacteria.the growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of seven constituents identified in asarum heterotropoides root on 14 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin.201324083511
synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of copper nanoparticles.copper nanoparticle synthesis has been gaining attention due to its availability. however, factors such as agglomeration and rapid oxidation have made it a difficult research area. in the present work, pure copper nanoparticles were prepared in the presence of a chitosan stabilizer through chemical means. the purity of the nanoparticles was authenticated using different characterization techniques, including ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, f ...201324293998
comparison of 3m petrifilm aerobic count plates to standard plating methodology for use with aoac antimicrobial efficacy methods 955.14, 955.15, 964.02, and 966.04 as an alternative enumeration procedure: collaborative study.a multilaboratory study was conducted to determine the equivalence of the 3m petrifilm aerobic count plate and standard plating methodology for measuring viable bacteria and spores recovered from hard-surface carriers (stainless steel and porcelain), also known as "control carrier counts," used in aoac antimicrobial efficacy test methods. six laboratories participated in the study in which carriers inoculated with staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica, and spores of ...201324000742
conducting nanosponge electroporation for affordable and high-efficiency disinfection of bacteria and viruses in water.high-efficiency, affordable, and low energy water disinfection methods are in great need to prevent diarrheal illness, which is one of the top five leading causes of death over the world. traditional water disinfection methods have drawbacks including carcinogenic disinfection byproducts formation, energy and time intensiveness, and pathogen recovery. here, we report an innovative method that achieves high-efficiency water disinfection by introducing nanomaterial-assisted electroporation impleme ...201323987737
cgmolluscidin, a novel dibasic residue repeat rich antimicrobial peptide, purified from the gill of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.a 5.5 kda antimicrobial peptide consisting of 55 amino acids, cgmolluscidin, was purified from the acidified gill extract of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, by ion-exchange and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. by comparing the n-terminal amino acid sequences and the molecular weight of this peptide with those of other known antimicrobial peptides, it has been revealed that this peptide had no homology with any known peptides. cgmolluscidin showed potent antimicro ...201323711469
the acetylproteome of gram-positive model bacterium bacillus subtilis.n(ε) -lysine acetylation, a reversible and highly regulated ptm, has been shown to occur in the model gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. here, we extend this acetylproteome analysis to bacillus subtilis, a model gram-positive bacterium. through anti-acetyllysine antibody-based immunoseparation of acetylpeptides followed by nano-hplc/ms/ms analysis, we identified 332 unique lysine-acetylated sites on 185 proteins. these proteins are mainly involved in cellular housek ...201323468065
evaluation antibacterial activity of quaternary-based chitin/chitosan derivatives in vitro.total of 3 water-soluble quaternary-based chitin/chitosan derivatives, which have an identical molecular weight and anion, were synthesized and characterized. their antibacterial activities against salmonella cholerae-suis and bacillus subtilis were evaluated in vitro. the polysaccharides exhibited the antibacterial efficiency. their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values vary from 0.02 to 20.48 mg/ml, and their minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) values vary from 0.08 to 40.96 mg/ml ...201323301607
impact of 6 different intestinal bacteria on broiler breeder sperm motility in vitro.male fertility is often evaluated by measuring sperm parameters, including concentration, viability, and motility. this is important because after copulation occurs, sperm must overcome many barriers in the female reproductive tract to fertilize the ovum. in mammalian species, sperm have been shown to have reduced motility when bacteria are present. in male broiler breeders, bacteria have been associated with spermatozoa, but their effect on motility has not been investigated. the sperm quality ...201323873566
cell-free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in human dendritic cells challenged with salmonella typhi through tlr activation.dendritic cells (dcs) constitute the first point of contact between gut commensals and our immune system. despite growing evidence of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics, the interactions between the cells of the intestinal immune system and bacteria remain largely unknown. indeed,, the aim of this work was to determine whether the probiotic bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 and its cell-free culture supernatant (cfs) have immunomodulatory effects in human intestinal-like dendritic cells ...201323555025
antibacterial activity and mode of action of a commercial citrus fruit extract.this study addresses the antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of bioll(+®), a commercial extract obtained from citrus fruits.201323581704
occurrence of pathogens in wild rodents caught on swedish pig and chicken farms.a total of 207 wild rodents were caught on nine pig farms, five chicken farms and five non-farm locations in sweden and surveyed for a selection of bacteria, parasites and viruses. lawsonia intracellularia and pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica were only detected in rodents on pig farms (9% and 8% prevalence, respectively) which indicate that these agents are more likely to be transmitted to rodents from pigs or the environment on infected farms. brachyspira hyodysenteriae (1%), brachyspira inte ...201323174339
cervical abscesses due to co-infection with burkholderia pseudomallei, salmonella enterica serovar stanley and mycobacterium tuberculosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus.infections due to mycobacterium tuberculosis, burkholderia pseudomallei and non-typhoidal salmonella cause significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. these intracellular pathogens share some common predisposing factors and clinical features. co-infection with two of these organisms has been reported previously but, to our knowledge, this is the first time that infection with all three has been reported in one person.201324209898
food-borne zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of indicator bacteria in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain.wildlife is increasingly abundant in urban environments, but little is known about the zoonotic pathogens carried by these populations. urban wild boars are of particular concern because this species is well-known as a pathogen reservoir, and thus, we studied selected zoonotic pathogens in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain (n=41). salmonella enterica was found in 5.00% (95% ci 0.61-16.91) and campylobacter coli in 4.88% (95% ci 0.6-16.53) of the animals. e. coli o157:h7 and c. jejuni were not ...201323992794
the in vivo extracellular life of facultative intracellular bacterial parasites: role in pathogenesis.classically labeled facultative intracellular pathogens are characterized by the ability to have an intracellular phase in the host, which is required for pathogenicity, while capable of extracellular growth in vitro. the ability of these bacteria to replicate in cell-free conditions is usually assessed by culture in artificial bacteriological media. however, the extracellular growth ability of these pathogens may also be expressed by a phase of extracellular infection in the natural setting of ...201322795971
characterization of five novel endolysins from gram-negative infecting bacteriophages.we here characterize five globular endolysins, encoded by a set of gram-negative infecting bacteriophages: bcepc6gp22 (burkholderia cepacia phage bcepc6b), p2gp09 (escherichia coli phage p2), psp3gp10 (salmonella enterica phage psp3), k11gp3.5 and kp32gp15 (klebsiella pneumoniae phages k11 and kp32, respectively). in silico, bcepc6gp22, p2gp10 and psp3gp10 are predicted to possess lytic transglycosylase activity, whereas k11gp3.5 and kp32gp15 have putative amidase activity. all five endolysins s ...201322832988
bioengineered 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose inhibit the adhesion of pseudomonas aeruginosa and enteric pathogens to human intestinal and respiratory cell lines.human milk oligosaccharides help to prevent infectious diseases in breastfed infants. larger scale testing, particularly in animal models and human clinical studies, is still limited due to shortened availability of more complex oligosaccharides. the purpose of this study was to evaluate 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-fl) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-fl) synthesized by whole-cell biocatalysis for their biological activity in vitro. therefore, we have tested these oligosaccharides for their inhibitory potentia ...201324074741
development of a magnetic nanoparticles microarray for simultaneous and simple detection of foodborne pathogens.foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem affecting both developed and developing countries, microbiologically contaminated food and water are the major causes of diarrhoeal diseases. methods based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and microarrays are rapid and sensitive enough to detect very small quantities of microorganisms, however, the requirement for expensive equipments limits their application. in the present paper, we describe a method based on multiplex pcr ...201323909141
short communication: survey of animal-borne pathogens in the farm environment of 13 dairy operations.a survey was conducted on 13 dairies to determine the occurrence of 5 animal-borne pathogens (salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7, campylobacter jejuni, mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, and cryptosporidium parvum) and their distributions across farm elements (feces, bedding, milk filters, stored manure, field soil, and stream water). presence of c. parvum was measured only in feces and stored manure. all but one farm were positive for at least one pathogen species, and 5 farm ...201323810596
a dna microarray for the versatile diagnosis of infectious diarrhea.several bacteria, viruses, and parasites cause diarrhea as coinfecting pathogens. we designed a dna microarray comprising 60-bp probes spotted 194 times for the multiplex detection of 33 enteropathogenic bacteria and seven enteropathogenic viruses, and the archaeon methanobrevibacter smithii was used as an internal positive control. nine pathogen-free stool specimens were used as negative controls. one of these control specimens was further spiked with salmonella enterica as a positive control. ...201323758523
lateral transfer, vertical translocation, and survival of inoculated bacteria during moisture enhancement of pork.lateral transfer, vertical translocation, and survival of bacteria during moisture enhancement of pork were investigated under laboratory conditions. in the first experiment, a pork loin was surface inoculated with escherichia coli biotype i and moisture enhanced with brine to 10%. after the inoculated loin had been injected, four uninoculated loins were processed in the same manner, without cleaning or sanitizing the injector equipment. samples were collected from both the surface and the inter ...201323575120
increased detection of invasive enteropathogenic bacteria in pre-incubated blood culture materials by real-time pcr in comparison with automated incubation in sub-saharan africa.invasive enteropathogenic bacteria can cause systemic infections. data from studies with pcr detection suggest, at least for salmonella enterica, that blood culture may lead to underestimation in the tropics. corresponding data are lacking for other invasive enteropathogenic bacteria. we compared classical blood culture and molecular methods for the diagnosis of blood infections.201323547567
zoonotic fecal pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in county fair animals.livestock fairs present a unique opportunity for the public to experience close contact with animals, but may also expose people to zoonotic pathogens through contact with animal feces. the goal of this study was to screen cattle, sheep, goat, chicken, rabbit and horse feces from a livestock fair in california for the potentially zoonotic pathogens escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, campylobacter, vibrio, cryptosporidium and giardia spp., as well as determining the level of antimicrobial resi ...201323260373
prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens in dairy cattle in the eastern part of japan.to investigate the prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens [campylobacter spp., shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp.] in dairy cows, rectal content grab samples were collected from 250 dairy cows reared on 25 dairy farms in eastern japan from december 2010 through february 2011. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 106 (42%) cows on 23 (92%) farms, stec o157 from three cows on one farm, l. monocytogenes from three cows on anot ...201323208291
engineering, conjugation, and immunogenicity assessment of escherichia coli o121 o antigen for its potential use as a typhoid vaccine component.state-of-the-art production technologies for conjugate vaccines are complex, multi-step processes. an alternative approach to produce glycoconjugates is based on the bacterial n-linked protein glycosylation system first described in campylobacter jejuni. the c. jejuni n-glycosylation system has been successfully transferred into escherichia coli, enabling in vivo production of customized recombinant glycoproteins. however, some antigenic bacterial cell surface polysaccharides, like the vi antige ...201323053636
a new plant-derived antibacterial is an inhibitor of efflux pumps in staphylococcus aureus.an in-depth evaluation was undertaken of a new antibacterial natural product (1) recently isolated and characterised from the plant hypericum olympicum l. cf. uniflorum. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for a panel of bacteria, including: meticillin-resistant and -susceptible strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus haemolyticus; vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium; penicillin-resistan ...201324119569
characterization of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in enterobacteriaceae clinical strains and characterization of the plasmids implicated in their diffusion.a total of 788 clinical enterobacteriaceae were collected to describe the aminoglycoside-modifying genes (ame genes) and to characterize the plasmids that carry these genes. among the 788 strains collected, 330 (41.8%) were aminoglycoside-resistant: 264 escherichia coli (80%), 33 proteus mirabilis (10%), 10 klebsiella pneumoniae (3%), six k. oxytoca (1.8%), five enterobacter cloacae (1.5%), three morganella morganii (0.9%), three providencia stuartii (0.9%), two salmonella enterica (0.6%), and o ...201323206280
a culture-independent sequence-based metagenomics approach to the investigation of an outbreak of shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli o104:h4.identification of the bacterium responsible for an outbreak can aid in disease management. however, traditional culture-based diagnosis can be difficult, particularly if no specific diagnostic test is available for an outbreak strain.201323571589
high incidence of campylobacter concisus in gastroenteritis in north jutland, denmark: a population-based study.the incidence of non-thermophilic campylobacter species was assessed in an unselected population-based study in a mixed urban and rural community in north jutland, denmark. in a 2-year study period, 11,314 faecal samples from 8302 patients with gastroenteritis were cultured with supplement of the filter method. we recovered a high incidence of campylobacter concisus (annual incidence 35/100,000 inhabitants), almost as high as the common campylobacter jejuni/coli. in contrast, there was a very lo ...201322512739
development and application of a multiplex pcr assay for rapid detection of 4 major bacterial pathogens in ducks.infections with pasteurella multocida, salmonella enterica, riemerella anatipestifer, and escherichia coli result in high morbidity and mortality, which cause significant economic loss in the poultry industry. it can be difficult to distinguish these pathogens based on clinical signs because these pathogens can cause similar clinical signs and coinfections can occur. thus, rapid and sensitive detection of these 4 major bacterial pathogens are important in ducks. the aim of this study was to deve ...201323571324
toll-like receptor 5-dependent immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant fusion protein vaccine containing the nontoxic domains of clostridium difficile toxins a and b and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium flagellin in a mouse model of clostridium difficile disease.clostridium difficile is a spore-forming bacillus that produces toxin-mediated enteric disease. c. difficile expresses two major virulence factors, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb). human and animal studies demonstrate a clear association between humoral immunity to these toxins and protection against c. difficile infection (cdi). the receptor binding-domains (rbds) of tcda and tcdb are known to be immunogenic. here, we tested the immunoadjuvant properties of salmonella enterica serovar typhimu ...201323545305
increased susceptibility of melanin-concentrating hormone-deficient mice to infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) was initially identified in mammals as a hypothalamic neuropeptide regulating appetite and energy balance. however, the wide distribution of mch receptors in peripheral tissues suggests additional functions for mch which remain largely unknown. we have previously reported that mice lacking mch develop attenuated intestinal inflammation when exposed to clostridium difficile toxin a. to further characterize the role of mch in host defense mechanisms against inte ...201323115043
cell-free supernatants obtained from fermentation of cheese whey hydrolyzates and phenylpyruvic acid by lactobacillus plantarum as a source of antimicrobial compounds, bacteriocins, and natural aromas.cheese whey hydrolyzates supplemented with phenylpyruvic acid (ppa) and commercial nutrients can be efficiently metabolized by lactobacillus plantarum cect-221 to biosynthesize some compounds with attractive applications in the food market. the main metabolites of cell-free extracts were antimicrobial compounds such as phenyllactic acid (pla) and lactic acid (la). the production of pla by l. plantarum cect-221 was evaluated in the man-rogosa-sharpe broth supplemented with two biosynthetic precur ...201323934083
the art of blocking adp-ribosyltransferases (arts): nanobodies as experimental and therapeutic tools to block mammalian and toxin arts.in 1901, the first nobel prize in physiology or medicine was awarded to emil von behring for his ground-breaking discovery of serum therapy: serum from horses vaccinated with toxin-containing culture medium of corynebacterium diphtheriae contained life-saving 'antitoxins'. the molecular nature of the adp-ribosylating toxin and the neutralizing antibodies were unraveled only 50 years later. today, von behring's antibody therapy is being refined with a new generation of recombinant antibodies and ...201323627412
analysis of bacterial diversity during the fermentation of inyu, a high-temperature fermented soy sauce, using nested pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and the plate count method.the diversity of bacteria associated with the fermentation of inyu, also known as black soy sauce, was studied through the nested pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of samples collected from the fermentation stages of the inyu production process. the dgge profiles targeted the bacterial 16s rdna and revealed the presence of citrobacter farmeri, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter hormaechei, enterococcus faecium, klebsiella pneumoniae, pantoea agglomerans, salmonella enterica, ser ...201323200659
several enteropathogens are circulating in suckling and newly weaned piglets suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara, cuba.intestinal contents of suckling (n = 45) and newly weaned (n = 45) piglets, suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara in cuba, were tested for viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteropathogens from may to june 2008. at least one enteropathogen was identified in 53.3 % of piglets and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec; 25.6 %) was the major pathogen; mostly sta(+)/stb(+) or f4(+)/sta(+)/stb(+) etec were isolated. the overall occurrence of the rest of pathogens was 10 % for transmis ...201322843242
physiological and functional characteristics of propionibacterium strains of the poultry microbiota and relevance for the development of probiotic products.the prevention and control of pathogens colonization through probiotics administration in poultry feeding is of increasing interest. the genus propionibacterium is an attractive candidate for the development of probiotic cultures as they produce short chain fatty acids (scfa) by carbohydrates fermentation. the presence of strains of this genus in hens of conventional production systems and backyard hens was investigated. propionibacteria were isolated from the intestine and identified by physiol ...201323973927
intranasal vaccination in mice with an attenuated salmonella enterica serovar 908htr a expressing cp15 of cryptosporidium: impact of malnutrition with preservation of cytokine secretion.cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite associated with acute and persistent diarrhea that, even in asymptomatic persons, can impair normal growth and potentially cognitive and physical development in young children. the recent availability of the complete gene sequence for cryptosporidium hominis antigen cp15 allows examination of innovative vaccine regimens involving intra-nasal antigen priming with live bacterial vectors applicable to human populations. we used a recently described weaned mou ...201323246541
use of bioluminescence mutant screening for identification of edwardsiella ictaluri genes involved in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) skin colonization.initial invasion of the host is the first and vital part of any infection process. we have demonstrated that edwardsiella ictaluri is capable of colonizing and penetrating catfish skin. therefore, a mutant library was constructed by random insertion of the mar2xt7 transposon into the chromosome of e. ictaluri harboring the bioluminescence plasmid pakgfplux1. this library was then screened through a series of three consecutive challenges for mutants showing a decreased ability to colonize the cat ...201323092811
new decontamination method based on caprylic acid in combination with citric acid or vanillin for eliminating cronobacter sakazakii and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in reconstituted infant formula.the antimicrobial effects of natural compounds (caprylic acid, ca; citric acid, cta; and vanillin, vnl) on the inactivation of cronobacter sakazakii and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were examined in reconstituted infant formula. the samples were treated with: 1) ca, cta, or vnl alone (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 mm); 2) a combination of ca (10 and 20 mm) and cta (15 and 30 mm); and 3) a combination of ca (10 and 20 mm) and vnl (15 and 30 mm), at mild feeding temperatures (40 °c and ...201324042002
the pathogen-annotated tracking resource network (patrn) system: a web-based resource to aid food safety, regulatory science, and investigations of foodborne pathogens and disease.investigation of foodborne diseases requires the capture and analysis of time-sensitive information on microbial pathogens that is derived from multiple analytical methods and sources. the web-based pathogen-annotated tracking resource network (patrn) system (www.patrn.net) was developed to address the data aggregation, analysis, and communication needs important to the global food safety community for the investigation of foodborne disease. patrn incorporates a standard vocabulary for describin ...201323541197
enterococcus faecalis subverts and invades the host urothelium in patients with chronic urinary tract infection.bacterial urinary tract infections (uti) are a major growing concern worldwide. uropathogenic escherichia coli has been shown to invade the urothelium during acute uti in mice and humans, forming intracellular reservoirs that can evade antibiotics and the immune response, allowing recurrence at a later date. other bacterial species, such as staphylococcus saprophyticus, klebsiella pneumonia and salmonella enterica have also been shown to be invasive in acute uti. however, the role of intracellul ...201324363814
internalisation potential of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus in lettuce seedlings and mature plants.the internalisation potential of listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium in lettuce was evaluated using seedlings grown in vermiculite in seedling trays as well as hydroponically grown lettuce. sterile distilled water was spiked with one of the four human pathogenic bacteria (10(5) cfu/ml) and used to irrigate the plants. the potential for pathogen internalisation was investigated over time using light mi ...201323708570
assessment of pathogenic bacteria in treated graywater and irrigated soils.reuse of graywater (gw) for irrigation is recognized as a sustainable solution for water conservation. one major impediment for reuse of gw is the possible presence of pathogenic microorganisms. the presence and abundance of six pathogens and indicators were investigated in three gw recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland treatment systems and their respective irrigated yard soils. the treated gw and soils were monitored once every two months for six months using real-time quantitative p ...201323666359
screening for polyphenols, antioxidant and antimicrobial activitiesof extracts from eleven helianthemum taxa (cistaceae) used in folk medicine in south-eastern spain.the helianthemum genus contains approximately one hundred taxa. some of them are important medicinal plants used in several countries for many different purposes. however, studies addressing the phytochemistry of many of these species or their biological activities are currently nonexistent.201323615124
cd137 expressed on neutrophils plays dual roles in antibacterial responses against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections.severe sepsis and septic shock caused mainly by bacterial infections are life-threatening conditions that urge the development of novel therapies. however, host responses to and pathophysiology of sepsis have not been clearly understood, which remains a major obstacle for the development of effective therapeutics. recently, we have shown that stimulation of a costimulatory molecule, cd137, enhanced survival of mice infected with the gram-positive (g(+)) intracellular bacterium listeria monocytog ...201323545301
glycoengineering of host mimicking type-2 lacnac polymers and lewis x antigens on bacterial cell surfaces.bacterial carbohydrate structures play a central role in mediating a variety of host-pathogen interactions. glycans can either elicit protective immune response or lead to escape of immune surveillance by mimicking host structures. lipopolysaccharide (lps), a major component on the surface of gram-negative bacteria, is composed of a lipid a-core and the o-antigen polysaccharide. pathogens like neisseria meningitidis expose a lipooligosaccharide (los), which outermost glycans mimick mammalian epi ...201323163552
landscape and meteorological factors affecting prevalence of three food-borne pathogens in fruit and vegetable farms.produce-related outbreaks have been traced back to the preharvest environment. a longitudinal study was conducted on five farms in new york state to characterize the prevalence, persistence, and diversity of food-borne pathogens in fresh produce fields and to determine landscape and meteorological factors that predict their presence. produce fields were sampled four times per year for 2 years. a total of 588 samples were analyzed for listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, and shiga toxin-producing ...201323144137
isolation of highly persistent mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium reveals a new toxin-antitoxin module.bacterial persistence is characterized by the ability of a subpopulation within bacterial cultures to survive exposure to antibiotics and other lethal treatments. the surviving persisters are not the result of genetic changes but represent epigenetic variants that are in a physiological state where growth is inhibited. since characterization of persisters has been performed mainly in escherichia coli k-12, we sought to identify mechanisms of persistence in the pathogen salmonella enterica serova ...201323204462
genomic paradigms for food-borne enteric pathogen analysis at the usfda: case studies highlighting method utility, integration and resolution.modern risk control and food safety practices involving food-borne bacterial pathogens are benefiting from new genomic technologies for rapid, yet highly specific, strain characterisations. within the united states food and drug administration (usfda) center for food safety and applied nutrition (cfsan), optical genome mapping and dna microarray genotyping have been used for several years to quickly assess genomic architecture and gene content, respectively, for outbreak strain subtyping and to ...201323199033
chip-seq and transcriptome analysis of the ompr regulon of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and typhimurium reveals accessory genes implicated in host colonization.ompr is a multifunctional dna binding regulator with orthologues in many enteric bacteria that exhibits classical regulator activity as well as nucleoid-associated protein-like characteristics. in the enteric pathogen salmonella enterica, using chromatin immunoprecipitation of ompr:flag and nucleotide sequencing, 43 putative ompr binding sites were identified in s. enterica serovar typhi, 22 of which were associated with ompr-regulated genes. mutation of a sequence motif (tgtwacaw) that was asso ...201323190111
exchangeability of the flagellin (flic) and the cap protein (flid) among different species in flagellar assembly.flagellar filament self-assembles from the component protein, flagellin or flic, with the aid of the capping protein, hap2 or flid. depending on the helical parameters of filaments, flagella from various species are divided into three groups, family i, ii, and iii. each family coincides with the traditional classification of flagella, peritrichous flagella, polar flagella, and lateral flagella, respectively. to elucidate the physico-chemical properties of flagellin to separate families, we chose ...201323097231
systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide in laying hens stimulates antimicrobial properties of egg white against staphylococcus aureus.the natural protective system of eggs relies on egg yolk immunoglobulins and on antimicrobial proteins/peptides mainly concentrated in the egg white. there is much evidence concerning the specific stimulation of immunoglobulins by antigens but to date, the influence of the hen milieu on the regulation of the egg innate molecular immunity has not been established. to explore the hypothesis of modulation in egg antimicrobial molecules, laying hens were immune-challenged with intravenous injections ...201323351641
the plasmidome of a salmonella enterica serovar derby isolated from pork meat.the complete nucleotide sequences of four plasmids hosted by a salmonella enterica serovar. derby strain 6mk1 isolated from pork were determined by shotgun sanger sequencing. a 107,637 base pairs (bp) conjugative plasmid psd107 containing 150 putative coding sequences (cds) could be assigned to the narrow host range incompatibility group inci1. a detailed annotation of all cds was carried out, revealing the presence of genes needed for plasmid replication, conjugal transfer, plasmid partitioning ...201323333216
antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of monofloral bee pollen.the main aim of this study was to determine antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of monofloral bee pollen samples to pathogenic bacteria. these samples were collected in different localities in slovakia. the antioxidant properties of examined plant species were different and decreasing in the following order: brassica napus subsp. napus l > papaver somniferum l. > helianthus annuus l. the antimicrobial effect of the bee product samples were tested by using the agar well diffusion me ...201323305281
[genetic determinants of secreted lysozyme inhibitors and enterobacteria anti-lysozyme phenotype].determination of interconnection of genetic determinants of secreted lysozyme inhibitors with enterobacteria anti-lysozyme phenotype.201323297624
[role of pathogen surveillance and subtyping in outbreak recognition of food-borne bacterial infections. microbiological perspective - aims, methods and prospects of pathogen subtyping].the recognition of infection clusters via determination of clonal relationships between pathogen isolates represents the major aim of pathogen subtyping during outbreaks. in addition, a continuing and comprehensive subtyping of pathogen isolates is a prerequisite for early recognition of changes within pathogen populations, especially of new pathogen types and variants. here, in an exemplary manner, we outline the current practice in germany for three important agents of food-borne infections, s ...201323275955
a non-classical assembly pathway of escherichia coli pore-forming toxin cytolysin a.cytolysin a (clya) is an α-pore forming toxin from pathogenic escherichia coli (e. coli) and salmonella enterica. here, we report that e. coli clya assembles into an oligomeric structure in solution in the absence of either bilayer membranes or detergents at physiological temperature. these oligomers can rearrange to create transmembrane pores when in contact with detergents or biological membranes. intrinsic fluorescence measurements revealed that oligomers adopted an intermediate state found d ...201324019520
differences in biofilm formation of produce and poultry salmonella enterica isolates and their persistence on spinach plants.spinach plants were irrigated biweekly with water containing 2.1 log cfu salmonella/100 ml water (the maximum escherichia coli mpn recommended by the leafy greens marketing agreement; lgma), or 4.1 cfu salmonella/100 ml water to determine salmonella persistence on spinach leaves. green fluorescent protein expressing salmonella were undetectable by most-probable number (mpn) at 24 h and 7 days following each irrigation event. this study indicates that salmonella are unlikely to persist on spinach ...201324010621
synthesis and characterization of nano-encapsulated black pepper oleoresin using hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin for antioxidant and antimicrobial applications.previous studies have reported antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of black pepper oleoresin which is associated to its phenolic compounds and piperine. the ability of cyclodextrins to form an inclusion complex with a guest molecule could improve black pepper oleoresin application, bioavailability, and stability in foods. hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (hpbcd) inclusion complex with black pepper olereosin were synthesized using the kneading method and characterized for its physico-chemical p ...201324329956
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