Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| k252a, an indrocarbazole derivative, causes the membrane of myoblasts to enter a fusion-capable state. | k252a, an indrocarbazole derivative and protein kinase inhibitor, is reported to promote myogenic differentiation in c2 mouse myoblasts. we examined the effects of k252a on qm-rsv cells, quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus. k252a promoted myotube formation of qm-rsv cells. presumptive qm-rsv cells also formed multinucleated cells when exposed to k252a. however, the expression of myogenin, a muscle regulatory factor, was not stimulated in the pres ... | 2001 | 11478789 |
| mammalian cell production of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) candidate vaccine recovered using a product-specific affinity column. | the recombinant production of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) candidate vaccine bbg2na in baby hamster kidney cells (bhk-21 cells) was investigated. bbg2na consists of a serum-albumin-binding region (bb) fused to a 101-amino-acid fragment of the rsv g-protein. semliki forest virus-based expression vectors encoding both intracellular and secreted forms of bbg2na were constructed and found to be functional. affinity recovery of bbg2na employing human serum albumin columns was found to be ineff ... | 2001 | 11483151 |
| role of interleukin-12 and stat-4 in the regulation of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a respiratory pathogen that can cause significant morbidity in infants and young children. interestingly, the majority of children who acquire a rsv infection do not exhibit severe symptoms. development of a th1 response has been associated with resolution of symptoms in viral infections and may explain mild rsv illness. the current study investigated the cytokine response observed in mild disease in c57bl/6 mice that had low airway resistance and mucus produ ... | 2001 | 11485921 |
| antiviral activity and structural characteristics of the nonglycosylated central subdomain of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (g) glycoprotein. | segments of the cystine noose-containing nonglycosylated central subdomain, residues 149-197, of the attachment (g) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) have been assessed for impact on the cytopathic effect (cpe) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). nalpha-acetyl residues 149-197-amide (g149-197), g149-189, and g149-177 of the a2 strain of hrsv protected 50% of human epithelial hep-2 cells from the cpe of the a2 strain at concentrations (ic(50)) between 5 and 80 microm. cys ... | 2001 | 11487583 |
| evaluation of the prodesse hexaplex multiplex pcr assay for direct detection of seven respiratory viruses in clinical specimens. | we evaluated the hexaplex assay (prodesse, waukesha, wi) for the detection of 7 respiratory viruses (influenza a and b, parainfluenza 1-3, and respiratory syncytial virus [rsv] a and b). the hexaplex assay was performed on 300 respiratory samples during the 1999-2000 respiratory virus season. results of this assay were compared with shell vial cell culture and/or direct fluorescent antibody stain. the overall sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 96.6% and 94.1%, respectively. the respec ... | 2001 | 11488068 |
| community respiratory virus infections following lung transplantation. | respiratory infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. in addition to cytomegalovirus, the community respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus (piv), influenza virus, and adenovirus, are important causes of infection in transplant recipients, often involve the lower respiratory tract, and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. in this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge ... | 2001 | 11493396 |
| etiology of childhood community acquired pneumonia and its implications for vaccination. | pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children throughout the world. vaccines are available for some organisms, but they are underutilized and/or still in development. to evaluate the potential impact of vaccines, we review studies in which the etiology of childhood community-acquired pneumonia was recorded. in north america and europe (9 studies), the etiology of pneumonia was established in 62% of studied children (range 43%-88%) by use of noninvasive specific method ... | 2001 | 11493414 |
| the influence of placental malaria infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental transfer of antibodies and igg subclasses in a rural west african population. | two hundred thirteen mother-baby pairs in the gambia were studied to determine the influence of placental malaria infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental antibody transfer. antibody transfer for herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was significantly reduced by placental malaria infection by 69%, 58%, and 55%, respectively. maternal hypergammaglobulinemia was associated with a significant reduction in antibody ... | 2001 | 11494168 |
| production of transgenic quails with high frequency of germ-line transmission using vsv-g pseudotyped retroviral vector. | we report here the production of transgenic quails using a replication-defective pantropic retroviral vector based on moloney murine leukemia virus (momlv) pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus g protein (vsv-g). the retroviral vector was injected into laid quail embryos at the blastodermal stage, and the embryos were incubated to hatch to produce g(0) transgenic quails. among 134 embryos subjected to viral injection, 37 hatched. the viral vector sequence was detected in the tissues of all ... | 2001 | 11511080 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in previously healthy working adults. | during 1975-1995, a total of 2960 healthy adults, 18-60 years of age, were prospectively evaluated for respiratory virus infections. of these subjects, 211 (7%) acquired respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the infections were symptomatic in 84% of subjects, involved only the upper respiratory tract in 74%, and included lower respiratory tract symptoms in 26%. overall, 40% of the subjects were febrile. lower respiratory tract signs developed in 26%. rsv illnesses were more prolonged than ... | 2001 | 11512084 |
| (-)-terpestacin and l-tenuazonic acid, inducers of pigment and aerial mycelium formation by fusarium culmorum jp 15. | surface cultures of fusarium culmorum jp15 were found to respond to extracts of other fungi by enhanced production of orange-red fusarubin pigments and formation of aerial mycelium. two inducers from strain ulocladium sp. hki 0226, the new (-)-terpestacin (1) and l-tenuazonic acid (2), were isolated. 1 inhibited syncytium formation by cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2001 | 11512450 |
| construction and characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses co-expressing a respiratory syncytial virus protein and a cytokine. | recombinant vaccinia viruses are well-characterized tools that can be used to define novel approaches to vaccine formulation and delivery. while vector co-expression of immune mediators has enormous potential for optimizing the composition of vaccine-induced immune responses, the impact on antigen expression and vector antigenicity must also be considered. co-expression of il-4 increased vaccinia virus vector titres, while ifn-gamma co-expression reduced vaccinia virus replication in balb/c mice ... | 2001 | 11514719 |
| genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus over four consecutive seasons in south africa: identification of new subgroup a and b genotypes. | the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied over four consecutive seasons (1997-2000) in a single tertiary hospital in south africa: 225 isolates were subgrouped by rt-pcr and the resulting products sequenced. subgroup a predominated in two seasons, while a and b co-circulated approximately equally in the other seasons. the nucleotide sequences of the c-terminal of the g-protein were compared to sequences representative of previously defined rsv genotypes. south a ... | 2001 | 11514720 |
| immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) for nasal vaccination. | the immunostimulating complex (iscom) is documented as a strong adjuvant and delivery system for parenteral immunization. its effectiveness for mucosal immunization has also been proven with various incorporated antigens. lövgren et al. were the first to demonstrate the capacity of influenza virus iscoms to induce mucosal immune response and protection after one comparatively low nasal dose. further studies show that similar to cholera toxin (ct) and escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (lt), isco ... | 2001 | 11516786 |
| modeling epidemics caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. in this paper we use models of rsv transmission to interpret the pattern of seasonal epidemics of rsv disease observed in different countries, and to estimate epidemic and eradication thresholds for rsv infection. we compare the standard sirs model with a more realistic model of rsv transmission in which individuals acquire immunity gradually after repeated exposure to infection. th ... | 2001 | 11520501 |
| activated, cytotoxic cd8(+) t lymphocytes contribute to the pathology of asthma death. | this study investigates the presence of cd8(+) t lymphocytes and their possible association with viral infection in bronchi of victims of fatal asthma. postmortem samples from the peribronchial region of the lung were obtained from seven patients who died an asthma death (ad), seven asthmatic patients who died of unrelated causes (auc), and seven postmortem cases with no history of lung disease (control subjects). using immunohistochemical techniques, the cd8(+) cytotoxic t-cell population in pe ... | 2001 | 11520715 |
| reliable detection of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children for adequate hospital infection control management. | by using a rapid test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) detection (abbott testpack rsv), a number of patients were observed, showing repeatedly positive results over a period of up to 10 weeks. a prospective study was initiated to compare the rapid test with an antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) and a nested reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) protocol for detection of rsv serotypes a and b. only respiratory samples from children exhibiting the prolonged presence of rsv (> or =5 days) a ... | 2001 | 11526141 |
| eosinophil counts and urinary eosinophil protein x in children hospitalized for wheezing during the first year of life: prediction of recurrent wheezing. | early identification of wheezing children with an increased risk of recurrent wheezing or subsequent asthma is important. the aim of the study was to determine the role of markers of eosinophil activation, along with other parameters, in the prediction of recurrent wheezing and allergic sensitization in children with early and severe wheezing. we examined 105 children without atopic dermatitis, hospitalized for wheezing during the first year of life. at a 20-mo follow-up, 101 of the children wer ... | 2001 | 11529528 |
| mechanism of selective inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by a benzodithiin compound (rd3-0028). | rd3-0028, a compound with a benzodithiin structure, was found to be a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication. its action is specific; no activity is seen against influenza a virus, measles virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2, or human cytomegalovirus. a time-dependent drug addition experiment indicated that the antiviral activity occurs in the late stage of the rsv replication cycle, since this compound completely inhibited syncytium formation even when added up to ... | 2001 | 11529559 |
| expression of respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine gene networks in lower airway epithelial cells revealed by cdna microarrays. | the paramyxovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary etiologic agent of serious epidemic lower respiratory tract disease in infants, immunosuppressed patients, and the elderly. lower tract infection with rsv is characterized by a pronounced peribronchial mononuclear infiltrate, with eosinophilic and basophilic degranulation. because rsv replication is restricted to airway epithelial cells, where rsv replication induces potent expression of chemokines, the epithelium is postulated t ... | 2001 | 11533168 |
| cpg containing oligodeoxynucleotides are potent adjuvants for parenteral vaccination with the fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | the feasibility of using oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing unmethylated cpg motifs as parenteral adjuvants for subunit vaccines against rsv was tested in balb/c mice. compared with immunization with natural f protein adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (f/aloh) adjuvant alone, coadministration of f/aloh with cpg odn resulted in statistically significant increases in serum neutralization titers, an enhanced generation of splenic antigen-dependent killer cell precursors, and accelerated clearance ... | 2001 | 11535341 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in autologous blood and marrow transplant recipients with breast cancer: combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and parenteral immunoglobulins. | scant data are available concerning the impact and response to therapy of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in patients undergoing autologous blood and marrow transplantation (bmt) for breast cancer. during eight winter seasons from 1992-1993 to 1999-2000, nine (4%) of 249 such patients were hospitalized with rsv infections. six patients, including all five patients who were early post transplant in the pre-engraftment period, developed pneumonia and were treated with a combination of ... | 2001 | 11535995 |
| long-term persistence and reactivation of t cell memory in the lung of mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | in mice acutely infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), more than 20% of pulmonary cd8(+) t cells, but only 2-3% of cd8(+) t cells in the draining lymph node secreted interferon-gamma in response to a single peptide. surprisingly, the percentage of virus-specific t cells in the lung remained at these high levels long after the acute infection. pulmonary memory t cells were further studied in a sensitive adoptive transfer system, which allows visualizing polyclonal cd4(+) and cd8(+) viru ... | 2001 | 11536155 |
| occurrence and severity of infections caused by subgroup a and b respiratory syncytial virus in children in southeast brazil. | the frequency and severity of infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were assessed in children <2 years of age seen at the emergency department. the frequency of rsv detection in the clinical virology laboratory during the past 3 years was also analyzed retrospectively. rsv was found in 21.6% (188/869) of the samples collected from children seen at the emergency department and was found to be more frequent during the autumn, being less frequent or negligible by midwinter. rsv sub ... | 2001 | 11536252 |
| intratumoral adenovirus-mediated suicide gene transfer for hepatic metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma: results of a phase i clinical trial. | animal studies have shown that direct injection of an adenoviral vector (adv.rsv-tk) expressing the herpes thymidine kinase gene into established tumors in the liver, followed by systemic ganciclovir administration, was effective in inducing tumor necrosis. toxicities were minimal at therapeutically effective vector doses, although severe hepatic necroinflammation was seen at much higher supratherapeutic doses. we conducted a clinical phase i trial in patients with metastatic colorectal adenocar ... | 2001 | 11545608 |
| different respiratory syncytial virus and quillaja saponin formulations induce murine peritoneal cells to express different proinflammatory cytokine profiles. | the recognition of a pathogen or a vaccine antigen formulation by cells in the innate immune system leads to production of proinflammatory cytokines, which will determine the ensuing acquired immune response quantitatively and qualitatively. tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1 and il-6 are the first set of cytokines produced upon such an encounter, which have roles both in protective immunity and immunopathogenesis evident with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv antigens i ... | 2001 | 11549417 |
| developing a synagis clinic for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can be devastating to premature infants and children with chronic lung disease. palivizumab (synagis) is a monoclonal antibody that is administered monthly by injection to prevent rsv infection in infants at high risk. this article describes a nurse-run ambulatory clinic to provide rsv prophylaxis. coordination with other agencies, including community neonatal intensive care units, was essential to the clinic's success. for each of its first 2 years of operation ... | 2001 | 11552574 |
| targeting of nasal mucosa-associated antigen-presenting cells in vivo with an outer membrane protein a derived from klebsiella pneumoniae. | administration of vaccines by the nasal route has recently proven to be one of the most efficient ways for inducing both mucosal and systemic antibody responses in experimental animals. our results demonstrate that p40, a well-defined outer membrane protein a from klebsiella pneumoniae, is indeed a carrier molecule suitable for nasal immunization. using fragments from the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) g protein as antigen models, it has been shown that p40 is able to induce both ... | 2001 | 11553588 |
| alternative mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus clearance in perforin knockout mice lead to enhanced disease. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes are key effectors for the clearance of virus-infected cells and are required for the normal clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in mice. although perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis of infected cells is thought to be the major molecular mechanism used by cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes for elimination of virus, its role in rsv has not been reported. here, we show that viral clearance in perforin knockout (pko) mice is slightly delayed but that both p ... | 2001 | 11559824 |
| immune induction and modulation in mice following immunization with dna encoding f protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the principal agents of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. thus, there is a strong need to make a safe and effective vaccine against the rsv infection. dna immunization is very effective at inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses. in this study, we inserted the rsv-f gene into expression vectors, pcdna3.1 and pqe. these constructs were transformed into c2c12 and e. coli m15 cells, respectively. the expression of the rsv-f protei ... | 2001 | 11561730 |
| incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-positive hospitalizations in germany. | epidemiological data, especially population-based data, on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in germany have been lacking to date. since palivizumab (synagis, abbott, usa) is already available and new vaccines for active immunization are under development, these data are urgently needed. from july 1996 to june 1999, nasopharyngeal aspirates of children hospitalized in kiel with an acute respiratory tract infection were tested by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase ... | 2001 | 11561800 |
| proteins related to the nedd4 family of ubiquitin protein ligases interact with the l domain of rous sarcoma virus and are required for gag budding from cells. | the late assembly (l) domain of retrovirus gag, required in the final steps of budding for efficient exit from the host cell, is thought to mediate its function through interaction with unknown cellular factors. here, we report the identification of the nedd4-like family of e3 ubiquitin protein ligases as proteins that specifically interact with the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) l domain in vitro and in vivo. we screened a chicken embryo cdna expression library by using a peptide derived from the rsv ... | 2001 | 11562473 |
| passively acquired antibodies suppress humoral but not cell-mediated immunity in mice immunized with live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine will need to be administered by 1 mo of age to protect young infants; therefore, it will need to be effective in the presence of maternally acquired rsv abs. in the present study, the immunogenicity and efficacy of two live attenuated rsv vaccine candidates of different level of attenuation were evaluated in mice passively immunized with varying quantities of rsv abs. the replication of the rsv vaccines was suppressed in the lower, but not the upper, r ... | 2001 | 11564809 |
| a comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of respiratory infections in children with bronchiolitis, and the implications for a cohorting strategy. | cohorting bronchiolitis patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and/or influenza viruses is paramount in preventing cross-infection of these viruses in hospital. nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) was compared with immunofluorescence (if) for the detection of rsv subtypes a and b in children with suspected bronchiolitis. co-infection with influenza a(h3n2), chlamydia spp. and picornavirus/rhinovirus was also investigated using molecular techniques.a total of 50 nasopharynge ... | 2001 | 11567557 |
| the who vaccine trial registry. | the who vaccine trial registry prospectively registers clinical vaccine studies supported by who. through december 1999, the registry includes 103 studies from 43 countries, with nearly 80% in developing countries. the registry documents an expanding research capacity, with an average of 3.9 new studies per year during 1987-1993, rising to 10.7 per year during 1994-2000. the studies concern a broad spectrum of infectious organisms, including: clostridium tetani (tetanus), dengue virus, enterotox ... | 2001 | 11567743 |
| antiviral action of euphorbium compositum and its components. | euphorbium compositum sn (biologische heilmittel heel gmbh, baden-baden, germany, a homeopathic combination preparation available in form of drops, nasal spray, and injection solution), is prescribed for inflammation of the mucosae of the nose and sinuses. infections in these areas are primarily of viral origin although bacterial superinfections are also common. | 2001 | 11574744 |
| respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a in hospitalized children in zarqa, jordan. | the epidemiology of rsv infection was investigated in 271 children aged less than 2 years admitted to the zarqa government hospital, jordan with bronchiolitis or bronchopneumonia. nasopharyngeal washings were cultured and rsv antigen was detected by the direct immunofluorescence technique. of the 271 specimens, 69 (25.46%) were positive for rsv, representing 50.36% of the respiratory viruses. all rsv isolates were typed as subgroup a by monoclonal antibody and confirmed by rt-pcr. rsv was preval ... | 2001 | 11579865 |
| requirements for minus-strand transfer catalyzed by rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase. | we have examined the specific minus-strand transfer reactions that occur after the synthesis of minus strong-stop dna and nonspecific strand switching on homopolymeric poly(ra) templates with different types of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) reverse transcriptases. three different types of reverse transcriptases can be isolated from virions of rsv: heterodimeric alphabeta and homodimeric alpha and beta. the mechanism of minus-strand transfer was examined using a model primer-template substrate corresp ... | 2001 | 11581381 |
| effect of rsv bronchiolitis practice guidelines on resource utilization. | we sought to determine whether institution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) practice guidelines decreased resource utilization for a heterogeneous population of children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis. patients less than 24 months old with rsv bronchiolitis at a pediatric referral center were identified by retrospective chart review for consecutive rsv seasons. before the guidelines were instituted patients were less likely to have a documented physician's assessment of response to albu ... | 2001 | 11583047 |
| community and nosocomially acquired respiratory syncytial virus infection in a german paediatric hospital from 1988 to 1999. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. since epidemiological data from germany are scarce, a large retrospective hospital based analysis was performed. in the first part of the study, laboratory records were checked for rsv positive specimens from january 1988 to december 1997. a total of 1664 specimens were positive corresponding to 1171 episodes in 1064 patients; 88% were up to 4 years old and 47% up to 3 months old. the percentag ... | 2001 | 11585076 |
| immunopathogenesis of vaccine-enhanced rsv disease. | inducing a strong immune response is an essential aim of vaccination. although immune responses to virus infections are usually protective, they can also be harmful. the best-documented examples of an immune response increasing disease severity are with dengue, measles and respiratory syncytial virus infections. in the 1960s, administration of formalin-inactivated, tissue culture grown rsv (fi-rsv) was found to induce strong elisa binding but poor virus-neutralising antibody. infants given this ... | 2001 | 11587806 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | development of an rsv vaccine for infants has been hindered by the lack of an ideal animal model that exhibits disease, and the challenge of effectively immunizing very young infants who are immunologically immature. nevertheless, significant progress has been made recently in developing live attenuated viruses and protein subunit vaccine candidates. numerous vaccine candidates are currently in early clinical trials. this paper reviews the significant obstacles to development of rsv vaccines, an ... | 2001 | 11587807 |
| visualization and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus f-specific cd8(+) t cells during experimental virus infection. | ctl play a major role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during experimental pulmonary infection. the fusion (f) glycoprotein of rsv is a protective ag that elicits ctl and ab response against rsv infection in balb/c mice. we used the strategy of screening a panel of overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the rsv f protein and identified an immunodominant h-2k(d)-restricted epitope (f(85-93); kyknavtel) recognized by cd8(+) t cells from balb/c mice. we enumerated the ... | 2001 | 11591747 |
| respiratory virus infections after stem cell transplantation: a prospective study from the infectious diseases working party of the european group for blood and marrow transplantation. | community-acquired respiratory virus infections are a cause of mortality after stem cell transplantation (sct). a prospective study was performed at 37 centers to determine their frequency and importance. additional cases were also collected to allow the analysis of risk factors for severe infection. forty episodes were collected in the prospective study and 53 additional episodes through subsequent case collection. the frequency of documented respiratory virus infections was 3.5% among 819 allo ... | 2001 | 11593321 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants. | the incidence of serious rsv illness in premature infants and in infants with cld can be reduced. prophylaxis in infants with chd and cystic fibrosis seem prudent as well, and clinical trials are currently under way to evaluate the use of synagis in these high-risk groups. synagis is preferred for most high-risk children because of its ease of administration, safety and effectiveness. the dose for synagis is 15 mg/kg i.m. monthly during rsv season. | 2001 | 11594047 |
| synergistic effects of gene-end signal mutations and the m2-1 protein on transcription termination by respiratory syncytial virus. | individual mononegavirus genes terminate with a short cis-acting element, the gene-end (ge) signal, that directs polyadenylation and termination and might also influence the efficiency of reinitiation at the next downstream gene. the 12-13 nucleotide (nt) ge signals of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) consist of a conserved pentanucleotide (3'-ucaau, negative sense), followed by a 3-nt middle region that is au-rich but otherwise not conserved, followed by a 4- or 5-nt poly(u) region that ... | 2001 | 11601901 |
| involvement of toll-like receptor 4 in innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus. | the mammalian toll-like receptor 4, tlr4, is an important component in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infection. the role of tlr4 in antiviral immunity has been largely unexplored. in this study, the in vivo immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus infection were examined in tlr4-deficient (c57bl/10scncr) and tlr4-expressing (c57bl/10sn) mice. tlr4-deficient mice challenged with rsv, but not influenza virus, exhibited impaired natural kille ... | 2001 | 11602714 |
| replication-competent or attenuated, nonpropagating vesicular stomatitis viruses expressing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens protect mice against rsv challenge. | foreign glycoproteins expressed in recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) can elicit specific and protective immunity in the mouse model. we have previously demonstrated the expression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g (attachment) and f (fusion) glycoprotein genes in recombinant vsv. in this study, we demonstrate the expression of rsv f and g glycoproteins in attenuated, nonpropagating vsvs which lack the vsv g gene (vsvdeltag) and the incorporation of these rsv proteins into recombi ... | 2001 | 11602747 |
| increased replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pulmonary infiltrates is associated with enhanced histopathological disease in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) pre-immunized with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine. | the pathology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in bonnet monkeys parallels findings with human rsv disease. rsv-infected animals pre-immunized with a formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv vaccine develop inflammation in peribronchiolar, perivascular, interstitial and intra-alveolar sites with lung inflammation scores significantly higher than animals with a primary rsv infection and those pre-immunized with an fi-vero cell control vaccine (p=0.05). animals previously infected and re-exposed ... | 2001 | 11602778 |
| fatal outcome in a patient developing epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (ebv-lpd) without measurable disease. | a 51-year-old female patient in the first chronic phase of cml received an allogeneic pbsct from a matched unrelated donor. the transplant was manipulated by cd34+ cell selection. on day +193 after transplantation the patient was readmitted to the hospital with recurrent fever of unknown origin and cough. clinical, radiographic and sonographic evaluation revealed no characteristic findings besides a mild splenomegaly. screening for ebv, cmv, rsv and hsv did not indicate an active infection. on d ... | 2001 | 11607777 |
| factors predicting compliance with palivizumab in high-risk infants. | palivizumab must be administered monthly by intramuscular injection throughout the rsv season to maintain the serum concentration at a level sufficient to provide protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the objective of this study is to determine factors associated with completing all doses of palivizumab. the method was a survey mailed to the families of 385 high-risk children who were eligible to receive palivizumab at columbus children's hospital in 1998-1999. seventy-eight perc ... | 2001 | 11607852 |
| immunopathology in rsv infection is mediated by a discrete oligoclonal subset of antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells. | vaccination with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein results in immune-mediated lung injury after natural rsv infection with pathogenic features characteristic of an exaggerated th2 response. here we demonstrate that approximately half of the cd4(+) t cells infiltrating the lungs of g-primed mice utilize a single v beta gene (v beta 14) with remarkably limited cdr3 diversity. furthermore, elimination of these v beta 14-bearing cd4(+) t cells in vivo abolishes the type 2- ... | 2001 | 11672545 |
| a combination vaccine confers full protection against co-infections with influenza, herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial viruses. | combined/composite vaccines should be useful in reducing the number of vaccinations and provide more flexibility in confronting biological warfare scenarios. we tested the effectiveness of a composite genetic vaccine designed from previously known protective antigens directed against influenza a virus (inf-a), herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a mouse-based challenge. immunizing mice with a pool of four plasmids; inf-a haemagglutinin (ha), inf-a nucleop ... | 2001 | 11672920 |
| a cost-benefit analysis of rsv prophylaxis in high-risk infants. | to determine the cost and benefit of using rsv-ig and palivizumab as prophylactic therapy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated illness in high-risk infants. | 2001 | 11675842 |
| gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are viruses of the family paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. the respiratory epithelial target cells respond to viral infection with specific alterations in gene expression, including production of chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, elements that are related to the apoptosis response, and others that remain incompletely ... | 2001 | 11686888 |
| an improved protocol for measuring cytotoxic t cell activity in anatomic compartments with low cell numbers. | the study of target cell lysis and cytokine production are valuable tools to characterize antigen-specific t and nk cell function during virus infections. after localized infections in compartments such as the lung or the brain, however, cell numbers isolated from these organs are too low to perform standard assays with individual mice. here, we report a few simple modifications of the classical 51cr release assay allowing reduction of the number of required effector cells by a factor of 10 with ... | 2001 | 11687249 |
| bronchiolitis-associated mortality and estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated deaths among us children, 1979-1997. | a 1985 estimate that 4500 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated deaths occur annually among us children has not been updated using nationally representative data. thus, 1979-1997 multiple cause-of-death records for children <5 years old listing bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or any respiratory tract disease were examined. deaths among children associated with any respiratory disease declined from 4631 in 1979 to 2502 in 1997. during the 19-year study period, 1806 bronchiolitis-associated death ... | 2001 | 11076709 |
| viral dna synthesis defects in assembly-competent rous sarcoma virus ca mutants. | the major structural protein of the retroviral core (ca) contains a conserved sequence motif shared with the ca-like proteins of distantly related transposable elements. the function of this major region of homology (mhr) has not been defined, in part due to the baffling array of phenotypes in mutants of several viruses and the yeast ty3. this report describes new mutations in the ca protein of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) that were designed to test whether these different phenotypes might indicate ... | 2001 | 11119594 |
| genetic variability among group a and b respiratory syncytial viruses in mozambique: identification of a new cluster of group b isolates. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children and vulnerable adults, but little is known regarding rsv infection in africa. in this report, a recent rsv outbreak in mozambique was studied and results showed that 275 of 3192 (8.6%) nasopharyngeal aspirates tested were rsv-positive by elisa. rsv presents two antigenic groups (a and b) with a high genetic and antigenic variability between and within them. analysis by a new rflp assay of ... | 2001 | 11125163 |
| inducible expression of inflammatory chemokines in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice: role of mip-1alpha in lung pathology. | lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is characterized by profound airway mucosa inflammation, both in infants with naturally acquired infection and in experimentally inoculated animal models. chemokines are central regulatory molecules in inflammatory, immune, and infectious processes of the lung. in this study, we demonstrate that intranasal infection of balb/c mice with rsv a results in inducible expression of lung chemokines belonging to the cxc (mip-2 a ... | 2001 | 11134301 |
| an endoplasmic reticulum-specific stress-activated caspase (caspase-12) is implicated in the apoptosis of a549 epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induced programmed cell death or apoptosis in the cultured lung epithelial cell line, a549. the apoptotic cells underwent multiple changes, including fragmentation and degradation of genomic dna, consistent with the activation of the dna fragmentation factor or caspase-activated dnase (dff or cad). the infection led to activation of fasl; however, a transdominant mutant of fas-downstream death domain protein, fadd, did not inhibit apoptosis. similarly, ... | 2001 | 11135374 |
| respiratory viral infections among pediatric inpatients and outpatients in taiwan from 1997 to 1999. | the present study examined the association of specific virus infections with acute respiratory tract conditions among hospitalized and outpatient children in a subtropical country. a total of 2,295 virus infections were detected in 6,986 patients between 1997 and 1999, including infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (1.7%), parainfluenza virus (2.0%), influenza b virus (2.6%), adenovirus (4.0%), herpes simplex virus type 1 (4. 4%), influenza a virus (5.5%), and enterovirus (12.7 ... | 2001 | 11136758 |
| molecular epidemiology of outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus within bone marrow transplantation unit. | during the winter of 1995-1996, eight of nine bone marrow transplantation (bmt) unit patients were infected with the same strain of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this rsv strain was not detected in 20 hospitalized patients from the community, suggesting that the bmt unit infections did not occur by independent incidents of transmission from the community. | 2001 | 11158157 |
| ifn-beta mediates coordinate expression of antigen-processing genes in rsv-infected pulmonary epithelial cells. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) clear respiratory tract infections caused by the pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and also mediate vaccine-induced pulmonary injury. herein we examined the mechanism for rsv-induced mhc class i presentation. like infectious viruses, conditioned medium from rsv-infected cells (rsv-cm) induces naive cells to coordinately express a gene cluster encoding the transporter associated with antigen prese ... | 2001 | 11159003 |
| exaggerated neurogenic inflammation and substance p receptor upregulation in rsv-infected weanling rats. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in adult rats causes exaggerated inflammation after sensory nerve stimulation in the extrapulmonary, but not in the intrapulmonary airways. the goal of this study was to analyze neurogenic inflammation in weanling f-344 rats infected with rsv 18 +/- 2 d after birth. five days after rsv inoculation, the extravasation of evans blue-labeled albumin after nerve stimulation was significantly greater in the intrapulmonary airways of rsv-infected weanling rat ... | 2001 | 11159042 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection results in activation of multiple protein kinase c isoforms leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen that preferentially infects epithelial cells in the airway and causes a local inflammatory response. very little is known about the second messenger pathways involved in this response. to characterize some of the acute response pathways involved in rsv infection, we used cultured human epithelial cells (a549) and optimal tissue culture-infective doses (tcid(50)) of rsv. we have previously shown that rsv-induced il-8 release i ... | 2001 | 11160332 |
| cd4(+) t cell frequencies and th1/th2 cytokine patterns expressed in the acute and memory response to respiratory syncytial virus i-e(d)-restricted peptides. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific frequencies and cytokine expression patterns of acute and memory cd4(+) t cells from rsv strain-a- and strain-b-infected balb/c mice were determined following restimulation with a panel of 14 predicted rsv i-e(d) peptides from nsp-2, m, sh, f, and l proteins. ten of fourteen peptides stimulated intracellular th1 and/or th2 cytokines in cd4(+) t cells from the mediastinal lymph nodes (mln) and spleens of rsv strain-a- or strain-b-immune balb/c mice. ... | 2001 | 11161454 |
| blocking intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human epithelial cells decreases respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes potentially fatal lower respiratory tract infection in infants. the molecular mechanism of rsv infection is unknown. our data show that rsv colocalizes with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) on the hep-2 epithelial cell surface. furthermore, a neutralizing anti-icam-1 mab significantly inhibits rsv infection and infection-induced secretion of proinflammatory chemokine rantes and mediator et-1 in hep-2 cells. similar decrease in rsv infection ... | 2001 | 11162498 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection does not increase allergen-induced type 2 cytokine production, yet increases airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced disease is associated with childhood asthma and atopy. we combined murine models of allergen-sensitization and rsv infection to explore the interaction of allergic and virus-induced airway inflammation and its impact on airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr). we found that rsv infection during ova-sensitization (ova/rsv) increased and prolonged ahr compared to mice only rsv-infected (rsv) or ova-sensitized (ova). ahr is known to be associated with an in ... | 2001 | 11170055 |
| reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults: use of a single-tube "hanging droplet" nested pcr. | rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is difficult in elderly persons due to the low quantities of virus shed. therefore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to detect viral rna in respiratory secretions. a single-tube nested rt-pcr that used primers from a conserved f gene sequence was developed using a "hanging droplet" to physically separate outer and inner primer pairs during the first round of the pcr reaction. this was accomplished by ... | 2001 | 11170067 |
| implication of the proprotein convertases furin, pc5 and pc7 in the cleavage of surface glycoproteins of hong kong, ebola and respiratory syncytial viruses: a comparative analysis with fluorogenic peptides. | fluorogenic peptides encompassing the processing sites of envelope glycoproteins of the infectious influenza a hong kong virus (hkv), ebola virus (ebov) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were tested for cleavage by soluble recombinants of the proprotein convertases furin, pc5 and pc7. kinetic studies with these intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic peptides revealed selective cleavages at the physiological dibasic sites. the hkv peptide is cleaved by both furin and pc5 with similar efficacy; ... | 2001 | 11171050 |
| an update on respiratory syncytial virus antiviral agents. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children, is a ubiquitous respiratory pathogen, infecting or reinfecting much of the population every year and causing severe, sometimes fatal disease in high-risk populations of infants and adults, particularly in developing countries. spurred by the medical and economic burdens of rsv disease and enticed by the economic potential of therapeutic drugs, particularly in the absence to ... | 2001 | 11178342 |
| induction and regulation of nitric oxide synthase in airway epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus. | in this study, we evaluated the effects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on nitric oxide (no) production in human airway epithelial cells. in addition, we evaluated whether t-helper type 1 (th1)- and th2-type cytokines modulate the release of no in response to rsv infection. to do this, we infected monolayers of a549 cells with rsv and determined nitrite levels in the supernatant fluids. we also measured nitrite levels in human small-airway epithelial cells (saec) in primary cultur ... | 2001 | 11179135 |
| hla-restricted cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-4 responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and children. | cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity, interferon (ifn)-gamma, and interleukin (il)-4 production were evaluated in a blinded manner among respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected newborns and their mothers for 3 epidemic seasons. most mothers (80%) exhibited rsv-specific cd8+ ctl activity. twenty (80%) of the 26 infants exhibited significant rsv-specific ctl activity during or after their first rsv season. ctl frequency increased with rsv infection rate, reaching 75% by the end of the thi ... | 2001 | 11181144 |
| characterization of rous sarcoma virus gag particles assembled in vitro. | purified retrovirus gag proteins or gag protein fragments are able to assemble into virus-like particles (vlps) in vitro in the presence of rna. we have examined the role of nucleic acid and of the nc domain in assembly of vlps from a rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag protein and have characterized these vlps using transmission electron microscopy (tem), scanning tem (stem), and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-em). rnas of diverse sizes, single-stranded dna oligonucleotides as small as 22 nucleotides, ... | 2001 | 11222698 |
| mice genetic immunization with plasmid dna encoding a secreted form of hsv-1 gb induces a protective immune response against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | intramuscularly (i.m.) delivered plasmid dna encoding a secreted form of glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1 gb1s) was evaluated for the ability to elicit a protective immune response in balb/c mice. animals received three i.m. injections of a gb1s expression plasmid (prp-rsv-gb1s) or of a wild-type transmembrane gb1 coding plasmid (prp-rsv-gb1), while control mice were injected with the vector alone (prp-rsv). a specific antibody response was observed in almost all immunized an ... | 2001 | 11223713 |
| medical consumption and socioeconomic effects of infection with respiratory syncytial virus in the netherlands. | to calculate both medical consumption and socioeconomic effects related to hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the netherlands. | 2001 | 11224834 |
| differing manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus-associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and uninfected children. | background: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. the outcome of rsv-associated lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in hiv-infected children, is less well described. methods: children from a prospective study evaluating the etiology of | 2001 | 11224836 |
| variable immune-driven natural selection in the attachment (g) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | a maximum-likelihood analysis of selection pressures acting on the attachment (g) glycoprotein gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from humans (hrsv) and bovines (brsv) is presented. six positively selected sites were identified in both group a and group b of hrsv, although only one site was common between them, while no positively selected sites were detected in brsv. all positively selected sites were located within the ectodomain of the g protein and showed some association with positio ... | 2001 | 11231898 |
| [epidemiology of infant bronchiolitis in france]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis has become a major public health concern in france during the last decade. this winter epidemic mobilizes each year considerable means through the private ambulatory and public hospital nets. the epidemiology of rsv bronchiolitis remains difficult to characterize because of the lack of consensus for its definition. several french studies are described here which suggest an increase in severity of the epidemics since 10 years in france. peaks are mo ... | 2001 | 11232449 |
| detection of iga and igg but not ige antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in nasal washes and sera from infants with wheezing. | the capacity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to stimulate an ige antibody response and enhance the development of atopy and asthma remains controversial. nasal washes and sera from 40 infants (20 with wheezing, 9 with rhinitis, and 11 without respiratory tract symptoms) were obtained to measure ige, iga, and igg antibody to the immunodominant, f and g, virion proteins from rsv. | 2001 | 11241035 |
| structural analysis of the n-terminal domain of the human t-cell leukemia virus capsid protein. | the n-terminal domain of the retroviral capsid (ca) protein is one of the least conserved regions encoded in the genome. surprisingly, the three-dimensional structures of the ca from different genera exhibit alpha-helical structural features that are highly conserved. the n-terminal residues of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and rous sarcoma virus (rsv) capsid proteins form a beta-hairpin. to determine if this feature is conserved in the retroviral family, we cloned, expressed, ... | 2001 | 11243788 |
| persistence of respiratory syncytial virus in macrophages alters phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. | functions of macrophage are known to be altered by acute infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). however, it is unknown whether the persistent presence and expression of the rsv genome have any effect on the functions of these cells. we used a murine macrophage-like cell line (p388d1) persistently infected with rsv to determine: (i) phagocytic activity mediated by fcgamma receptors, (ii) expression of fcgamma receptors, and (iii) production of il-1beta, il-6 and tnf-alpha. viral persis ... | 2001 | 11270594 |
| a comparison of cytokine responses in respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a infections in infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants while influenza a infection usually manifests as upper respiratory tract infection. we hypothesised that the immunological responses of infants to rsv infection and influenza a infection are different. this prospective study was undertaken to compare the cytokine responses during rsv and influenza a infection. sera and nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) were collected from infants with a coryzal illness with or ... | 2001 | 11271383 |
| membrane-associated respiratory syncytial virus f protein expressed from a human rhinovirus type 14 vector is immunogenic. | human rhinovirus (hrv) replicons have the potential to serve as respiratory vaccine vectors for mucosal immunization in humans. however, since many vaccine immunogens of interest are glycosylated, an important concern is whether hrv replicons are capable of expressing glycosylated proteins. the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein was chosen as a model glycoprotein and the hrv replicon deltap1fvp3 was generated by inserting the f protein-coding sequence in frame and in lieu ... | 2001 | 11277694 |
| pathogenesis of rsv lower respiratory tract infection: implications for vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most prevalent cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. it also causes considerable morbidity in older children and adults with underlying risk factors. rsv vaccine development has been complicated by the need to administer the vaccine at a very young age and by enhanced disease observed after vaccination with formalin inactivated rsv. for infants live attenuated vaccines, which may not be expected to predispose for vaccine induced enhanc ... | 2001 | 11282187 |
| inhibition of t1/st2 during respiratory syncytial virus infection prevents t helper cell type 2 (th2)- but not th1-driven immunopathology. | t cells secreting interleukin (il)-4 and il-5 (t helper cell type 2 [th2] cells) play a detrimental role in a variety of diseases, but specific methods of regulating their activity remain elusive. t1/st2 is a surface ligand of the il-1 receptor family, expressed on th2- but not on interferon (ifn)-gamma-producing th1 cells. prior exposure of balb/c mice to the attachment (g) or fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) increases illness severity during intranasal rsv challenge, due ... | 2001 | 11283151 |
| respiratory syncytial virus groups a and b in porto alegre, brazil, from 1990 to 1995 and 1998. | we analyzed the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) groups and their epidemiological pattern that were detected over the course of seven years in southern brazil. the two rsv groups co-circulated each year, but frequencies of groups a and b varied both between and within yearly outbreaks. in 1991, group a predominated over group b (p=0.0016). rsv outbreaks analyzed showed a temperature-dependent pattern and no association with rainfall, similarly to other countries from southern south america. kno ... | 2001 | 11285489 |
| predictors of a normal chest x-ray in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) accounts for the majority of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in infants and young children. a chest x-ray is frequently performed in infants with lrti caused by rsv. the aim of this study was to develop and validate a prediction model to estimate the probability for a normal chest x-ray in children with rsv infection. for this purpose, easy obtainable diagnostic parameters were used. this prediction model may be applied to decide which patients do not ... | 2001 | 11288209 |
| benefits of thickened feeds in previously healthy infants with respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. | infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis have an increased risk of aspiration. the optimal feeding strategy for these patients has not been described. fifteen previously healthy and clinically stable infants with rsv bronchiolitis underwent video-fluoroscopy studies to assess swallowing using thin barium. those with abnormal studies underwent a repeat study, using barium that was thickened with rice cereal. nine of 15 infants had abnormal studies with thin barium. laryngeal o ... | 2001 | 11288213 |
| validation of synthetic peptide enzyme immunoassays in differentiating two subgroups of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus. | subgroup-specific peptide-based enzyme immunoassays from each respective g-glycoprotein of the ovine and the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were developed to detect rsv-specific igg responses in cattle. antigenic peptides from the respective g-glycoprotein were identified from the extracellular central hydrophobic region (amino acids 158-189) located between 2 mucin-rich regions. these antigenic peptides identified by epitope mapping from each g-glycoprotein were synthesized and used t ... | 2001 | 11289207 |
| prevalence of ovine and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in cattle determined with a synthetic peptide-based immunoassay. | subgroup-specific peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from the g-protein of the ovine and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), respectively, were used to determine the prevalence of the ovine and bovine subgroup strains of rsv infections in cattle. a total of 1,102 bovine serum samples were obtained from 6 diagnostic laboratories located in the northwestern and the southeastern usa and were tested for antibody to either the bovine or ovine subgroups of rsv. antibody to viruses ... | 2001 | 11289208 |
| self-replicative rna vaccines elicit protection against influenza a virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and a tickborne encephalitis virus. | in genetic vaccination, recipients are immunized with antigen-encoding nucleic acid, usually dna. this study addressed the possibility of using the recombinant alpha virus rna molecule, which replicates in the cytoplasm of transfected cells, as a novel approach for genetic vaccination. mice were immunized with recombinant semliki forest virus rna-encoding envelope proteins from one of 3 viruses: influenza a virus, a tickborne flavivirus (louping ill virus), or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). ... | 2001 | 11294672 |
| airflow limitation during respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection predicts recurrent wheezing. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is frequently followed by recurrent wheezing. thus far no clinical risk factors have been identified to predict which infants will have wheezing episodes subsequent to rsv lrti. | 2001 | 11303830 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants]. | the authors describes the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in high risk infants in ten hospitals, between 01.02.1999.-15.03.1999. rsv antigen test were performed from the nasopharyngeal or throat swabs of 58 infants with respiratory tract infections. thirteen patients were positive. among them 11 were prematures. six infants were still receiving treatment in neonatal intensive care unit, while seven infants were readmitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. distribution ... | 2001 | 11305233 |
| recombinant bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (b/hpiv3) expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g and f proteins can be used to achieve simultaneous mucosal immunization against rsv and hpiv3. | recombinant bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rb/hpiv3), a recombinant bovine piv3 (rbpiv3) in which the f and hn genes were replaced with their hpiv3 counterparts, was used to express the major protective antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in order to create a bivalent mucosal vaccine against rsv and hpiv3. the attenuation of rb/hpiv3 is provided by the host range restriction of the bpiv3 backbone in primates. rsv g and f open reading frames (orfs) were placed under the contro ... | 2001 | 11312329 |
| importance of the n terminus of rous sarcoma virus protease for structure and enzymatic function. | all retrovirus proteases (prs) are homodimers, and dimerization is essential for enzymatic function. the dimer is held together largely by a short four-stranded antiparallel beta sheet composed of the four or five n-terminal amino acid residues and a similar stretch of residues from the c terminus. we have found that the enzymatic and structural properties of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) pr are exquisitely sensitive to mutations at the n terminus. deletion of one or three residues, addition of one r ... | 2001 | 11312348 |
| chimeric subgroup a respiratory syncytial virus with the glycoproteins substituted by those of subgroup b and rsv without the m2-2 gene are attenuated in african green monkeys. | using the existing reverse genetics system developed for the subgroup a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a chimeric virus (designated ra-g(b)f(b)) that expresses subgroup b-specific antigens was constructed by replacing the g and f genes of the a2 strain with those of the 9320 strain of subgroup b rsv. ra-g(b)f(b) grew well in tissue culture, but it was attenuated in the respiratory tracts of cotton rats and african green monkeys. to further attenuate this chimeric rsv, the m2-2 open reading f ... | 2001 | 11312662 |
| immunoregulatory role of secreted glycoprotein g from respiratory syncytial virus. | the secretory glycoprotein (gs) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was enriched and investigated for its effects on t cells specific for rsv and unrelated antigens. gs exhibited a dose dependent suppression of lymphoproliferative responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), specific for mycobacterial lysates or tetanus toxoid. however, gs did not inhibit live rsv specific t cell responses. these results suggest that gs may suppress immune response to unrelated antigens, but should ... | 2001 | 11325469 |
| evaluation of the hexaplex assay for detection of respiratory viruses in children. | the hexaplex assay (prodesse, inc., milwaukee, wis.) is a multiplex reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr assay for the detection of parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) types a and b, and influenza virus types a and b. we evaluated the hexaplex assay in comparison with conventional viral cell cultures and rapid enzyme immunoassays (eias) for rsv (directigen; becton dickinson inc., cockeysville, md.) and influenza a virus (abbott test pack; abbott laboratories, abbot ... | 2001 | 11325976 |