Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| persistence of herpes simplex virus type 2 vp16-specific cd4+ t cells. | patients with genital herpes have frequent viral reactivations. the repeated antigenic rechallenges can modulate the cd4+ memory t-cell repertoires during the course of infection. in this study, the cd4+ t-cell responses against the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) tegument protein vp16 were studied in two hsv-2-infected subjects at two different time points that spanned a 5-year period. although the vp16-specific t cells did exhibit variation of t-cell receptor vbeta usages at the two time p ... | 2005 | 16112025 |
| amplification of herpes simplex type 1 and human herpes type 5 viral dna from formalin-fixed alzheimer brain tissue. | it is known that nucleic acids from formalin-fixed tissues are not nearly as good templates for dna amplification as those extracted from fresh tissues. however, specimens stored in most pathologic archives are initially fixed in formalin. the possibility of an infectious etiology of several diseases including alzheimer's underscores the usefulness of archived tissue in assessing the association of infectious agents with specific pathology. in this report, we describe in detail a method resultin ... | 2005 | 16118038 |
| neonatal herpes should be a reportable disease. | neonatal herpes is a devastating disease, the most serious complication of genital herpes, one of the most common serious congenital or perinatal infections, and the most frequent complication of sexually transmitted infections among children. nevertheless, neonatal herpes is not reportable to health authorities in most states. the potential for prevention has been enhanced by recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances, and the disease meets widely accepted criteria for reporting, including inci ... | 2005 | 16118598 |
| the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in low-income urban populations in coastal peru. | the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in general and socially marginalized populations of low-income, urban, coastal peru. | 2005 | 16118601 |
| risk factors for bacterial vaginosis among bar and hotel workers in northern tanzania. | to determine risk factors for bacterial vaginosis (bv) among women working in the bars and hotels in moshi, northern tanzania. | 2005 | 16122097 |
| effect of resveratrol on herpes simplex virus vaginal infection in the mouse. | resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural component of certain foods, such as grapes, that, when topically applied, has been shown to limit hsv-1 lesion formation in the skin of mice [antiviral res. 61:19-26, 2004]. to determine if it is active on genital hsv infection, the vagina of mice were infected with hsv-2 or hsv-1 and treated with a cream formulation of resveratrol. mice were evaluated daily for extravaginal disease and vaginal swabs were taken regularly and assayed for infect ... | 2005 | 16125258 |
| structural analysis and antiviral activity of a sulfated galactan from the red seaweed schizymenia binderi (gigartinales, rhodophyta). | aqueous extraction of gametophytic schizymenia binderi afforded a polysaccharide composed of galactose and sulfate groups in a molar ratio of 1.0:0.89 together with uronic acids (6.8 wt%) and minor amounts of other neutral sugars. alkali-treatment of the polysaccharide afforded a polysaccharide devoid of 3,6-anhydrogalactose. 13c nmr spectroscopy of the desulfated alkali-treated polysaccharide showed a backbone structure of alternating 3-linked beta-d-galactopyranosyl and 4-linked alpha-galactop ... | 2005 | 16125685 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 6'(alpha)-methyl-branched carbovir analogues. | a new stereoselective synthesis of 6'-branched carbovir analogues was accomplished in this study. the introduction of a methyl group in the requisite 6'(alpha)-position was carried out using an ester enolate alkylation (lhmds, ch3i). the desired cyclopentenol 7 was synthesized via a felkin-anh-controlled grignard addition and ring-closing metathesis using second-generation grubbs' catalyst. the natural bases (adenine, cytosine) were efficiently coupled using a pd(0) catalyst. when the synthesize ... | 2005 | 16143957 |
| herpes simplex virus 2 modulates apoptosis and stimulates nf-kappab nuclear translocation during infection in human epithelial hep-2 cells. | virus-mediated apoptosis is well documented in various systems, including herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1). hsv-2 is closely related to hsv-1 but its apoptotic potential during infection has not been extensively scrutinized. we report that (i) hep-2 cells infected with hsv-2(g) triggered apoptosis, assessed by apoptotic cellular morphologies, oligosomal dna laddering, chromatin condensation, and death factor processing when a translational inhibitor (chx) was added at 3 hpi. thus, hsv-2 induced ap ... | 2005 | 16150474 |
| stress up-regulates neuronal expression of the herpes simplex virus type 2 large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (r1; icp10) by activating activator protein 1. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genes expressed in neuronal cells in response to stress stimuli that trigger latency reactivation are largely unknown. using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter assay we found that stress caused a significant (p < .001) increase in icp10 expression in neuronal cells. up-regulation correlated with activator protein (ap)-1 activation, notably c-jun and c-fos that bind cognate elements in the icp10 promoter. it was blocked by mutation of the ap-1 m ... | 2005 | 16162476 |
| dna polymerase gene locus of cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 is a suitable target for specific and rapid identification of viral infection by pcr technology. | the family herpesviridae comprises at least 100 herpesviruses. numerous human and animal pathogenic herpesviruses have been identified so far, including cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (cehv-1). this virus is a member of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae and is the most hazardous herpesvirus to man. cehv-1 is also known as b-virus or monkey b virus and as herpesvirus simiae. in order to gain more genetic information, the viral dna polymerase (dpol) gene was identified using polymerase chain reaction ... | 2005 | 15830148 |
| advances in antiviral therapy. | infections with five of the herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus 1 [hsv-1], hsv-2, varicella zoster virus, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus) are treated with topical or systemic antiviral therapies. there are more than 100 genotypes of human papillomaviruses (hpvs), which may manifest as warts, skin cancers, cervical cancer, anogenital cancers, and upper digestive tract cancers. molluscum contagiosum (mc) is a common, benign viral infection of the skin. immunomodulating agents, such as imi ... | 2005 | 15837157 |
| predicting the potential individual- and population-level effects of imperfect herpes simplex virus type 2 vaccines. | the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 in the united states has increased dramatically since the 1970s. vaccines are being developed to control the epidemic. we determined the potential public health impact that imperfect, preexposure hsv-2 vaccines could have on reducing the incidence of infection. | 2005 | 15838802 |
| study of the viral infections and cytokines associated with recurrent aphthous ulceration. | mouth ulcers are one of the most common oral complaints. however, the association between oral ulceration and viruses and cytokines is uncertain. we detected the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1, hsv-2 and human herpesvirus (hhv)-8 dna in oral tissues by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern hybridization techniques, and quantified the serum levels of cytokines including interleukin (il)-2, il-4, granulo ... | 2005 | 15840465 |
| recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of the hand complicated by persistent lymphoedema. | a 33-year-old, immunocompetent woman had recurrent herpes simplex virus reactivation of the right hand presenting with a cellulitis-like picture. she continued to have monthly debilitating recrudescences for more than 3 years until an adequate dosage of prophylactic antiviral therapy was achieved. after 2 years of repeated episodes she had chronic dull pain and developed persistent acquired lymphoedema of the left hand and forearm, which is an extremely rare complication. this case highlights th ... | 2005 | 15842407 |
| genital tract shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 in women: effects of hormonal contraception, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal group b streptococcus colonization. | genital infections due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) are characterized by frequent reactivation and shedding of the virus and by the attendant risk of transmission to sexual partners. we investigated the effects of vaginal coinfections and hormonal contraceptive use on genital tract shedding of hsv-2 in women. | 2005 | 15844064 |
| a case of ramsay hunt-like syndrome caused by herpes simplex virus type 2. | we report an immunocompetent patient with recurrent auricular and facial vesicles associated with painful paresthesias and facial paralysis, consistent with ramsay hunt syndrome, due to herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2. clinical and laboratory-proven acyclovir resistance developed during therapy. immunologic assays revealed normal reactivity to hsv-2. | 2005 | 15844081 |
| immunomodulatory effects of hsv-2 infection on immature macaque dendritic cells modify innate and adaptive responses. | herpes simplex viruses (hsv) infect human and murine dendritic cells (dcs) and interfere with their immunostimulatory functions in culture. hsv-2 infection increases human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) spread in patients, and dcs also promote hiv infection. we have studied these topics in rhesus macaque monocyte-derived dcs (modcs) to set the stage for future studies of these issues in animals. we provide the first evidence that macaque dcs become infected by hsv-2. structural viral proteins (icp ... | 2005 | 15845898 |
| development and characterization of bioadhesive vaginal films of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (pss), a novel contraceptive antimicrobial agent. | polystyrene sulfonate (pss) is a novel noncytotoxic antimicrobial contraceptive agent. a gel formulation of pss was found safe for vaginal administration in phase i clinical trials. the purpose of the current study was to develop and evaluate novel bioadhesive vaginal film formulations of pss. | 2005 | 15846466 |
| [99mtc-hmpao brain spect in a case of hsv encephalitis]. | we present a case of encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus in a 57 year old woman. the acute picture was suggestive of viral infection without associated neurological symptoms. due to the posterior appearance of neurological focality, cerebral spinal fluid (csf) was analyzed. it showed pleocytosis and lymphocytosis, inflammatory process data, and serological test with positivity for simple herpes virus (shv) subtypes i and ii. during admission, other complementary tests were performed: eeg ... | 2005 | 15847788 |
| detection and typing of herpes simplex dna in genital swabs by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | the lightcycler polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a sensitive assay for the detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna in muco-cutaneous swabs. software-based analysis of the probe melting temperature (tm) can be used to discriminate between hsv types (hsv-1 and hsv-2). among 76 hsv dna positive genital swabs, atypical tms were observed in 14 (18%). the 14 samples were all typed as hsv-2 by sequence alignment. in 4/14 samples, the atypical tm was associated with sequence variation at the probe ... | 2005 | 15847938 |
| spectrum of antiviral activity of o-(acetoxyphenyl)hept-2-ynyl sulphide (aphs). | since some antiviral drugs have a broad spectrum of action, the aim of this study was to assess whether o-(acetoxyphenyl)hept-2-ynyl sulphide (aphs), a recently described inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication, has an effect on the replication of other retroviruses, (-) and (+) rna viruses and dna viruses. aphs did not affect the replication of feline immunodeficiency virus, hiv-2 and a hiv-1 strain resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nnrti ... | 2005 | 15848298 |
| biocatalysed synthesis of beta-o-glucosides from 9-fluorenon-2-carbohydroxyesters. part 3: ifn-inducing and anti-hsv-2 properties. | in pursuing research on the antiviral, interferon (ifn)-inducing tilorone congeners, a new series of fluoren-carboxyhydroxyesters has been prepared and biologically explored. these esters have subsequently been used as sugar acceptors in the enzymatic transglycosylation reaction using the 'retaining' beta-glycosidase from the archaeon sulfolobus solfataricus (ssbeta-gly). both aglycones (1-6) and corresponding beta-glucosides (beta-glu 1-beta-glu 6) have been screened for cytotoxicity, interfero ... | 2005 | 15848749 |
| demographic, behavioral, and knowledge factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among men whose current female partner has genital herpes. | objective/goal: the objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection among men whose female partners have genital herpes (gh). | 2005 | 15849532 |
| acceptance of herpes simplex virus type 2 screening among sexually transmitted disease clinic clients. | 2005 | 15849535 | |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 membrane protein ul56 associates with the kinesin motor protein kif1a. | the herpes simplex virus ul56 gene product is a c-terminal-anchored, type ii membrane protein of unknown function. ul56 was found to interact with kif1a, a member of the kinesin-3 family, in a yeast two-hybrid screen and a gst pull-down assay. kif1a mediates the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors and is essential for the function and viability of neurons. when overexpressed, kif1a co-localized with full-sized ul56, but no clear co-localization was observed when co-expressed with the ul56 m ... | 2005 | 15722511 |
| fluorosubstitution and 7-alkylation as prospective modifications of biologically active 6-aryl derivatives of tricyclic acyclovir and ganciclovir analogues. | a series of fluorine containing tricyclic analogues of acyclovir (acv, 1) and ganciclovir (gcv, 2) were synthesized and evaluated for their activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and cytostatic activity against hsv-1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene-transduced human osteosarcoma tumour cells. it was found that fluorine substitution reduced the antiviral activity, but most of the new compounds were pronounced cytostatic agents with potency and selectivity similar to tho ... | 2005 | 15727862 |
| infection with human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus type 2, and human herpes virus 8 in remote villages of southwestern papua new guinea. | to investigate the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other sexually transmitted viruses, two serosurveys (the first in 1999 among 56 adults and the second in 2001 among 351 adults) were conducted in remote villages of the southwestern part of papua new guinea. only one individual was positive for antibodies to hiv. in 2001, the seroprevalence of human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) was 32.2%, and the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was 27.4%. both prevalence rates in ... | 2005 | 15728864 |
| in vitro activity and mechanism of action of methylenecyclopropane analogs of nucleosides against herpesvirus replication. | we have reported previously that methylenecyclopropane analogs of nucleosides have excellent activity against certain members of the herpesvirus family. a second generation, the 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl derivatives, were synthesized, and 18 compounds were tested for activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), human and murine cytomegalovirus (hcmv and mcmv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and epstein-barr virus (ebv). selected analogs were also evaluated against h ... | 2005 | 15728900 |
| efficacy and toxicity of zinc salts as candidate topical microbicides against vaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. | zinc salt solutions administered as topical microbicides provided significant protection against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a mouse vaginal challenge model. however, at the therapeutic concentration, the salt solutions caused sloughing of sheets of vaginal epithelial cells. these observations limit the utility of zinc salts as microbicides and suggest that the application of zinc solutions to mucosal surfaces has the potential to cause damage that might increase susceptibility to s ... | 2005 | 15728922 |
| sexually transmitted infections in rural madagascar at an early stage of the hiv epidemic: a 6-month community-based follow-up study. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) in madagascar have primarily been monitored in selected groups of patients attending sti clinics in major cities as part of the hiv surveillance program in madagascar. | 2005 | 15729151 |
| isolated herpes simplex keratoconjunctivitis in a neonate born by cesarean delivery. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection can be devastating in the neonate. the disease most commonly presents as 1 of 3 clinical manifestations: disseminated visceral infection (with and without central nervous system involvement), isolated meningoencephalitis, and infection limited to the skin, eyes, and/or mucous membranes (sem). exposure leading to neonatal infection typically occurs as peripartum vertical transmission, most typically by direct contact with urogenital lesions or infected genital ... | 2005 | 15956951 |
| serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infectious burden: correlation to inflammation and atherosclerosis in haemodialysis patients. | infectious agents may be implicated in the inflammatory atherosclerotic process. not only specific microorganisms but also the infectious burden, defined as the number of pathogens to which a patient is exposed, has been associated with atherosclerosis. in the present study, the infectious burden, determined directly (by identification of viable pathogens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc)) and indirectly (by serum antibodies detection) is correlated to the inflammatory and atheroscler ... | 2005 | 15958038 |
| us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2 is required for the stability of the ul46-encoded tegument protein and its association with virus particles. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) us3 gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase (pk). although us3 pk is not essential for virus replication in cell culture, it plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis in infected cells. however, the role of us3 pk in virus replication and pathogenicity is not well understood. the ul46 gene encodes virion tegument phosphoproteins, the properties and functions of which are poorly understood. in this study, it is shown that the ul46 protein of hsv ... | 2005 | 15958677 |
| developments in std/hiv interactions: the intertwining epidemics of hiv and hsv-2. | antiviral agents aimed at treating hsv-2 chronically infected individuals have proven to be effective in the prevention of symptomatic genital herpes and the reduction of viral shedding. these agents play a key role in current hiv prevention trials that will assess the role of suppression of hsv-2 infection on the risk for hiv acquisition and transmission. an added clinical benefit of treating hsv-2/hiv-coinfected individuals is the potential survival benefit, as suggested by earlier studies and ... | 2005 | 15963880 |
| managing patients with genital herpes and their sexual partners. | there is increasing recognition of the growing size and significance of the genital herpes epidemic. recent developments in the wide-scale availability of type-specific herpes simplex virus (hsv) sero-logic assays have meant that many previously undiagnosed mild,atypical, and subclinical infections may now be diagnosed with some degree of confidence without the use of western blots. the value of such diagnostics is controversial. however, the importance of hsv with its facilitation of hiv transm ... | 2005 | 15963881 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 encodes a heat shock protein homologue with apoptosis regulatory functions. | the decision to undergo apoptosis lies in the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. since virus replication relies on the cellular machinery, viruses have evolved various strategies to alter this balance. they target the bcl-2 and signaling protein kinase (pk) apoptosis modulatory families by encoding homologues or altering the expression of the cellular proteins. the heat shock proteins (hsp) are emerging as a new family of apoptosis modulatory proteins and are also a target of viru ... | 2005 | 15970534 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 2 protein icp10pk: a master of versatility. | herpes simplex viruses types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) are associated with a wide range of diseases related to infection of epithelial or neuronal tissues. the two viruses evidence distinct pathogenesis aspects, which are likely mediated by distinct viral genes. one such gene is ul39, which codes for the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (r1, also known as icp6 and icp10 for hsv-1 and hsv-2 respectively). the hsv-2 r1 has serine-threonine protein kinase (pk) activity, which is located with ... | 2005 | 15970536 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 acute retinal necrosis 9 years after neonatal herpes. | many cases of acute retinal necrosis caused by hsv-2 have been reported in children, teenagers, and young adults as a result of reactivation of congenital or neonatal infections, which may have been subclinical. pediatricians should be aware of this entity and alert to recurrences that may be delayed by years. | 2005 | 15973328 |
| the impact of incident and prevalent herpes simplex virus-2 infection on the incidence of hiv-1 infection among commercial sex workers in south africa. | this study investigated the impact of prevalent and incident hsv-2 infection on the incidence of hiv-1 infection in a cohort of female commercial sex workers in kwazulu-natal, south africa. prior to a vaginal microbicide trial, 416 women were screened for antibodies to hiv-1 and herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) infections and a questionnaire was used to establish behavioral, social, and demographic characteristics. a total of 187 hiv-1-seronegative women were followed up at monthly intervals when ... | 2005 | 15980695 |
| successful treatment of antifungal- and cryotherapy-resistant subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent case with topical 5% imiquimod cream. | hyalohyphomycosis is an unusual opportunistic mycotic infection where the tissue morphology of the causative organism is mycelial. etiological agents, which are not responsible for the otherwise-named infections like aspergillosis, are the species of non-dematiaceous hyaline hyphomycetes including penicillium, paecilomyces, acremonium (formerly known cephalosporium), beauveria, fusarium, and scopulariopsis. several cases of acremonium infection have been described in immunocompromised patients; ... | 2005 | 15983738 |
| rna-dependent protein kinase is required for alpha-1 interferon transgene-induced resistance to genital herpes simplex virus type 2. | we investigated the mechanism of resistance to genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection in mice transfected with the murine alpha-1 interferon (ifn-alpha1) transgene. in situ transfection of mice with the ifn-alpha1 transgene resulted in an elevation in an ifn-responsive gene, rna-dependent protein kinase (pkr), but not 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetases (oas), in vaginal tissue. coupled with the finding that mice lacking a functional pkr pathway were no longer resistant to genital hs ... | 2005 | 15994831 |
| herpes simplex virus type ii infection of ileum mesothelium: a case report and review of the literature. | disseminated herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection usually manifests in the immunocompromised. however, anecdotal examples of visceral hsv disease and viremia have complicated type i diabetes. a case of a 53-year-old type i diabetic patient with bowel obstruction one week subsequent to bronchitis is reported. at laparotomy, a perforated segment of ileum was associated with an adhesive peritoneal band. hsv cytopathic atypia and hsv immunohistochemical staining were confined to fibrocytes and mesot ... | 2005 | 15997270 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus dna by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method in which reagents react rapidly and efficiently, with a high specificity, under isothermal conditions. we used a lamp assay for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv). the virus specificities of primers were confirmed by using 50 hsv-1, 50 hsv-2, and 8 vzv strains. the assay was performed for 45 min at 65 degrees c. the la ... | 2005 | 16000450 |
| is sexually transmitted infection management among sex workers still able to mitigate the spread of hiv infection in west africa? | to assess the role of sexually transmitted infection (sti) management to prevent hiv acquisition among sex workers in burkina faso. | 2005 | 16010169 |
| age-dependent role for ccr5 in antiviral host defense against herpes simplex virus type 2. | elimination of viral infections is dependent on rapid recruitment and activation of leukocytes with antiviral activities to infected areas. chemokines constitute a class of cytokines that have regulatory effects on leukocyte migration and activity. in this study we have studied the role of cc chemokine receptor 1 (ccr1) and ccr5 in host defense during a generalized herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. whereas both 4- and 8-week-old ccr1(-/-) mice resembled wild-type mice (c57bl/6) with ... | 2005 | 16014944 |
| reporter cell lines for the detection of herpes simplex viruses. | virus culture has played significant roles in basic and clinical virology, with a number of advantages that cannot be attainable by modern molecular techniques. however, virus culture is generally a slower process, as it inevitably takes the period of a full replication cycle of a given virus. a genetically modified cell culture with a virus-inducible marker is described here, using a frequently isolated dna virus (herpes simplex virus) as a model. the assay system relies on expression of the re ... | 2005 | 15507702 |
| design of a herpes simplex virus type 2 long oligonucleotide-based microarray: global analysis of hsv-2 transcript abundance during productive infection. | the design and construction of a long (75-mer) oligonucleotide-based dna microarray for herpes simplex virus type 2 transcripts is described. this array is utilized to generate an analysis of hsv-2 transcript abundance as a function of conditions of infection of human cells, and global patterns of hsv-2 transcript abundance are compared with those for hsv-1. general similarities in patterns along with notable differences in specific details are noted. these results reveal a marked conservation i ... | 2005 | 15507724 |
| oral herpetic infections (hsv 1-8). | oral herpes virus infections are commonly seen by the dental practitioner. saliva is a reservoir for the herpes virus, and a variety of infections, both localized and systemic, may be induced by the virus. patients who are immunocompromised may be at risk for serious and potentially life-threatening complications of herpes virus infections. this article highlights the basic virology and clinical manifestations of herpetic infections and the differential diagnosis and management of oral herpes vi ... | 2005 | 15567358 |
| survey of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus in the netherlands: prevalence and characterization. | widespread and frequent use of acyclovir (acv) for treatment, suppressive therapy and prophylaxis of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections and its over the counter availability may be associated with emergence of hsv resistance. | 2005 | 15572000 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus dna in atherosclerotic plaques and in unaffected bypass grafts. | herpes virus infections are suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. | 2005 | 15572003 |
| comparative efficacy and immunogenicity of replication-defective, recombinant glycoprotein, and dna vaccines for herpes simplex virus 2 infections in mice and guinea pigs. | many candidate vaccines are effective in animal models of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. among them, clinical trials showed moderate protection from genital disease with recombinant hsv-2 glycoprotein d (gd2) in alum-monophosphoryl lipid a adjuvant only in hsv women seronegative for both hsv-1 and hsv-2, encouraging development of additional vaccine options. therefore, we undertook direct comparative studies of the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies and immunogenicit ... | 2005 | 15596834 |
| association of viral factors with non-familial breast cancer in taiwan by comparison with non-cancerous, fibroadenoma, and thyroid tumor tissues. | to study the etiologic factors of non-familial breast cancer, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern hybridization were used to detect six viruses including human papillomavirus (hpv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1, hsv-2, and human herpesvirus (hhv)-8 dna in 69 patients with breast cancer and 60 specimens from non-cancerous or other individuals with thyroid tumors or fibroadenoma (non-breast cancer controls). two specimens from patients ... | 2005 | 15602723 |
| immunotherapeutic activity of a recombinant combined gb-gd-ge vaccine against recurrent hsv-2 infections in a guinea pig model. | the guinea pig model of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection was used to test the immunotherapeutic activity of a glycoprotein subunit vaccine. vaccine formulation consisted of three recombinant herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoproteins, namely gb1s, gd2t and ge1t, plus aluminium hydroxide [al(oh)3)] adjuvant. one month after viral challenge, infected animals were therapeutically immunised by seven subcutaneous injections of a low dose of antigens with a weekly interval ... | 2005 | 15603886 |
| potential effect of hiv type 1 antiretroviral and herpes simplex virus type 2 antiviral therapy on transmission and acquisition of hiv type 1 infection. | biological strategies for interrupting transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 should be directed at reducing infectiousness of and susceptibility to hiv-1. potential antiretroviral interventions include reducing the likelihood of transmission of hiv-1 by reducing hiv-1 load in the blood and genital tract of hiv-1--infected person, prophylaxis after high-risk exposure, and pre-exposure prophylaxis for very high risk populations. antiviral treatment of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ... | 2005 | 15627220 |
| patterns of sex worker-client contacts and their implications for the persistence of sexually transmitted infections. | sex workers (sws) and their clients are often identified as being central in transmission of sexually transmitted infections (stis). little is known about how patterns of contact between sws and their clients influence the persistence of stis. we developed an individual-based simulation model to explore how variation in number of client contacts per sw, whether clients repeatedly visited the same sw, and the relative sizes of the sw and client populations influence the endemic prevalence of gono ... | 2005 | 15627229 |
| role of herd immunity in determining the effect of vaccines against sexually transmitted disease. | vaccination programs provide both direct protection to those immunized and herd immunity, which is indirect protection of those who remain susceptible, owing to a reduced prevalence of infections. | 2005 | 15627236 |
| herpes virus infection in peritoneal fluid: a case report and review of literature. | herpetic infections in body cavity fluids are unusual and are rarely reported in the cytology literature. we report a case of a 74-yr-old woman who developed ascites after undergoing an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary colic. cytology of peritoneal fluid revealed changes in a herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection that was confirmed by immunocytological staining. | 2005 | 15584045 |
| modelling of anti-hsv activity of lactoferricin analogues using amino acid descriptors. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) causes a number of diseases and new therapies are being pursued vigorously. earlier studies have shown that modified peptides based on lactoferricins reduce hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection, and structure-activity studies indicate that the anti-viral activity correlates with the binding affinity for heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. in this study it is shown that theoretically derived amino acid descriptors can be used to model the anti-viral activity of peptides, as ... | 2005 | 15635641 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence of epidemic proportions in rural zimbabwean women: association with other sexually transmitted infections. | syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections (stis) is one important strategy in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevention in developing countries, but there is a scarcity of rural community-based data on the relative prevalences of the stis. we sought to determine the prevalences of the stis and their clinical correlates in rural zimbabwean women. | 2005 | 15647913 |
| growth of herpes simplex virus in epidermal keratinocytes determines cutaneous pathogenicity in mice. | herpes simplex viruses (hsv)-1 and -2 isolated from genital lesions were examined for cutaneous pathogenicity and its correlation with cellular tropism. hsv-1 caused vesiculation, erosion/ulcer, and zosteriform lesions successively, but skin lesions of hsv-2 developed without vesiculation in some mice, and with statistically significantly less frequent vesiculation than hsv-1. thus, the virological type of hsv was correlated with its cutaneous pathogenicity. the growth characteristics of hsv-1 a ... | 2005 | 15648069 |
| the iarc commitment to cancer prevention: the example of papillomavirus and cervical cancer. | every year approximately half a million women worldwide develop cervical cancer (cc) of whom 80% live in poor countries where population-based screening programmes are virtually non-existent. the role of sexually transmitted agents in the aetiology of cervical cancer has been suspected for more than a century, but knowledge in this field has rapidly expanded only in the last 20 years, after major improvements were made in detection methods for human papillomavirus (hpv). a dozen types of hpv hav ... | 2005 | 15648196 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of cis-substituted cyclohexenyl and cyclohexanyl nucleosides. | starting from commercially available (rac)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, a series of purine and pyrimidine cis-substituted cyclohexenyl and cyclohexanyl nucleosides were synthesized through a key mitsunobu reaction. antiviral evaluations were performed on hiv, coxsackie b3, and herpes viruses (hsv-1, hsv-2, vzv, hcmv). three compounds showed moderate activity against hsv-1 and coxsackie viruses. specific computer modeling studies were performed on hsv-1 thymidine kinase in order to understand ... | 2005 | 15658858 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of helioxanthin analogues. | a series of natural product analogues based on helioxanthin (2), with particular attention to modification of the lactone ring and methylenedioxy group, were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities. among them, lactam derivative 18 and helioxanthin cyclic hydrazide 28 exhibited significant in vitro antiviral activity against hepatitis b virus (ec(50) = 0.08 and 0.03 microm, respectively). compound 18 showed the most potent antiviral activity against hepatitis c virus (55% inhibi ... | 2005 | 15658867 |
| type-specific reactivity of anti-glycoprotein g antibodies from herpes simplex virus-infected individuals is maintained by single or dual type-specific residues. | glycoprotein g-1 (gg-1) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and gg-2 of hsv-2 are the only known hsv proteins that induce type-specific human antibody responses. recently, it was shown that purified human anti-gg-1 and anti-gg-2 antibodies presented a type-specific reactivity to immunogenic stretches with high similarity between gg-1 and gg-2. in this study, the molecular basis for this type-specific recognition was investigated employing synthetic peptides covering the indicated regions, inc ... | 2005 | 15659743 |
| the significance of herpes simplex for school nurses. | herpes simplex is a common recurrent viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. the two closely related but distinct viruses that cause herpes simplex infections are herpes simplex 1 (hsv-1) and herpes simplex 2 (hsv-2). hsv-1 is commonly associated with infections around the oral mucosa and is the cause of herpes labialis, often referred to as a fever blister or cold sore. hsv-2 infections are usually acquired sexually. genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease with the highest ... | 2005 | 15660490 |
| seroprevalence, incidence of prenatal infections and reliability of maternal history of varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and parvovirus b19 infection in south-western finland. | to study seroprevalence and incidence and fetal transmission of varicella zoster virus (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 and parvovirus b19 infections during pregnancy and to evaluate the reliability of maternal past history of vzv, hsv and parvovirus infections. | 2005 | 15663397 |
| mucosal delivery of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides expands functional dendritic cells and macrophages in the vagina. | antigen-presenting cells (apc) are specialized sentinel cells that sense pathogens within tissues and then activate appropriate immune effector cells in lymphoid organs. recent evidence, however, suggests that apc can also induce effector cells in non-lymphoid organs. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravaginal (ivag) delivery of cpg-oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) on expansion of resident genital apc. our results show that delivery of cpg-odn to the murine genital tract ind ... | 2005 | 15667566 |
| herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and risk factors in 2 canadian sexually transmitted disease clinics. | the objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 in patients attending 2 canadian sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics. | 2005 | 15668615 |
| the appropriateness of core group interventions using presumptive periodic treatment among rural zimbabwean women who exchange sex for gifts or money. | to map the characteristics of rural based sex workers in zimbabwe with regard to demographics, mobility, behavior, hiv and sexually transmitted infection (sti) prevalence, to explore the appropriateness and feasibility of presumptive periodic treatment (ppt) for bacterial stis as an hiv prevention intervention among these women, and to compare tolerability of 2 ppt regimens (1 g of azithromycin and 2 g of metronidazole+/-500 mg of ciprofloxacin). five commercial farms and 2 mines in mashonaland ... | 2005 | 15671806 |
| virucidal activities of medium- and long-chain fatty alcohols, fatty acids and monoglycerides against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: comparison at different ph levels. | previous studies have shown that certain lipids and fatty alcohols have microbicidal activities against a number of pathogens. in this study, virucidal activities of fatty alcohols and lipids were tested against hsv types 1 and 2 at various concentrations, times, and ph levels. the aim was first, to determine which compounds are most virucidal against hsv and could possibly be used as active ingredients in topical drug formulations and second, to attempt to throw light on the mode of action of v ... | 2005 | 15676016 |
| genital herpes in adolescents. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections occur commonly among adolescents. most hsv-2 infections are genital, but genital herpes can be caused by either hsv-1 or hsv-2. weighted means were calculated based on published seroprevalence data on adolescents from the united states and found hsv-1 rates of 53.1 percent for adolescent males and 49.4 percent for adolescent females. the weighted means for hsv-2 was 15 percent for adolescent females and 12 percent for adolescent males. most individuals who a ... | 2005 | 15685146 |
| the role of toll-like receptors in herpes simplex infection in neonates. | toll-like receptors (tlrs)--and their associated signal-transducing proteins--on the surface of cells have been demonstrated to account for most, if not all, of the events associated with bacterial sepsis. using human cells expressing different tlrs, we demonstrated that the interaction between tlr2 and herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1-2 leads to the production of cytokines. using peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, we tested the ability of cells from people of different age groups to make cytokines ... | 2005 | 15688290 |
| seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among young adults in a low-income minority neighborhood. | 2005 | 15688303 | |
| herpes simplex virus-2 quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction in acute retinal necrosis. | 2005 | 15692781 | |
| seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in former east and west germany, 1997-1998. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in representative samples of the total former east german (feg) and total former west german (fwg) populations. type-specific testing with the hsv-1 (gg1) and hsv-2 (gg2) indirect elisa was performed on an age- and sex-stratified random subsample of 3,792 sera collected during the 1997-1998 german national health survey. weighted seroprevalence estimates were calculated for the t ... | 2005 | 15692814 |
| production of herpes b virus recombinant glycoproteins and evaluation of their diagnostic potential. | b virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) is the only deadly alphaherpesvirus that is zoonotically transmissible from macaques to humans. the detection of humoral immune responses is the method of choice for the rapid identification of b virus-infected animals. we evaluated the diagnostic potential of recombinant b virus glycoproteins for the detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies in monkey and human sera. glycoproteins b, c, and e and secreted (sgg) and membrane-associated (mgg) segments o ... | 2005 | 15695655 |
| rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | primers for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1)-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method amplified hsv-1 dna, while hsv-2-specific primers amplified only hsv-2 dna; no lamp products were produced by reactions performed with other viral dnas. the sensitivities of the hsv-1- and hsv-2-specific lamp methods, determined by agarose gel electrophoresis, reached 500 and 1,000 copies/tube, respectively. the turbidity assay, however, determined the sensitivity of the hsv-1- and hsv-2 ... | 2005 | 15695716 |
| the cost-effectiveness of routine antenatal screening for maternal herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 antibodies. | the purpose of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of routine antenatal screening for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in women without a known history of genital herpes. | 2005 | 15695991 |
| herpes simplex virus infection of human dendritic cells induces apoptosis and allows cross-presentation via uninfected dendritic cells. | hsv efficiently infects dendritic cells (dcs) in their immature state and induces down-regulation of costimulatory and adhesion molecules. as in mice, hsv infection of human dcs also leads to their rapid and progressive apoptosis, and we show that both early and late viral proteins contribute to its induction. because topical hsv infection is confined to the epidermis, langerhans cells are expected to be the major apcs in draining lymph nodes. however, recent observations in murine models show t ... | 2005 | 15699155 |
| a proinflammatory peptide from herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g affects neutrophil, monocyte, and nk cell functions. | we have identified a synthetic peptide derived from the secreted portion of hsv type 2 glycoprotein g, denoted gg-2p20, which has proinflammatory properties in vitro. the gg-2p20 peptide, corresponding to aa 190-205 of glycoprotein g-2, was a chemoattractant for both monocytes and neutrophils in a dose-dependent fashion, and also induced the release of reactive oxygen from these cells. the receptor mediating the responses was identified as the formyl peptide receptor. the gg-2p20-induced activat ... | 2005 | 15699157 |
| performance of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits using recombinant glycoprotein g2 antigen for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 specific antibodies. | for 93 stored serum samples tested by herpeselect2 and the euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies, the concordance of positive and negative results was 100%. moreover, all the results that were equivocal by herpeselect2 (negative by euroimmun) were confirmed as being negative by a western blot assay. | 2005 | 15699434 |
| bell's palsy and herpes simplex virus: fact or mystery? | in recent years, progress has been made in the understanding of bell's palsy, the most common form of acute facial weakness. herpes simplex virus (hsv) reactivation within the geniculate ganglion with subsequent inflammation and entrapment of the nerve at the meatal foramen has been proposed to be the pathogenetic mechanism. we challenged its accuracy by analyzing our own data on the presence of viral genomic dna of hsv-1 and 2, human herpes virus (hhv)-6a/b, as well as varizella zoster virus (v ... | 2005 | 15699730 |
| estradiol regulates susceptibility following primary exposure to genital herpes simplex virus type 2, while progesterone induces inflammation. | we report here that sex hormones modulate susceptibility to a sexually transmitted viral agent, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), in a mouse model. ovariectomized mice were administered either saline (control), estradiol (e(2)), progesterone (p(4)), or a combination of both estradiol and progesterone (e+p) and infected intravaginally with hsv-2. with an inoculation dose of 10(5) pfu, the saline- and p(4)-treated mice were found to be highly susceptible to genital hsv-2 infection. both groups ... | 2005 | 15709030 |
| protection against genital herpes infection in mice immunized under different hormonal conditions correlates with induction of vagina-associated lymphoid tissue. | the present study was undertaken to examine the effect of the hormonal environment on immunization with an attenuated strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2 tk(-)) and subsequent protection against challenge. ovariectomized mice were administered saline (s; control), estradiol (e(2)), progesterone (p(4)), or a combination of estradiol and progesterone (e+p) and immunized intravaginally (ivag) with hsv-2 tk(-). three weeks later, the immunized mice were challenged ivag with wild-type hsv-2. ... | 2005 | 15709031 |
| comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification, real-time pcr, and virus isolation for the detection of herpes simplex virus in genital lesions. | this study compares herpes simplex virus (hsv) type-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) with virus isolation and real-time pcr. genital tract specimens were obtained from 25 patients with genital lesions; two swab samples were collected from the vulva and cervix of each patient, for a total of 50 specimens. after culturing, 10 of 50 (20%) samples were positive for hsv-1 and 12 of 50 (24%) samples were positive for hsv-2. none of the patients excreted both hsv-1 and hsv-2 virus ... | 2005 | 15714482 |
| phenolics with antiviral activity from millettia erythrocalyx and artocarpus lakoocha. | from the leaves of millettia erythrocalyx, a new flavone named 3',5'-dimethoxy-[2",3": 7,8]-furanoflavone and three known compounds were isolated. assays for anti-herpes simplex virus activity (hsv-1 and hsv-2) were performed on 24 phenolic compounds obtained from m. erythrocalyx and artocarpus lakoocha. it was found that the flavones ovalifolin, pongol methyl ether and millettocalyxin a, and the stilbene oxyresveratrol possessed moderate activity against both types of hsv. in addition, oxyresve ... | 2005 | 15715263 |
| possible mechanism underlying the antiherpetic activity of a proteoglycan isolated from the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum in vitro. | glpg (ganoderma lucidum proteoglycan) was a bioactive fraction obtained by the liquid fermentation of the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum, etoh precipitation, and deae-cellulose column chromatography.glpg was a proteoglycan with a carbohydrate: protein ratio of 10.4: 1. its antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) were investigated using a cytopathic inhibition assay. glpg inhibited cell death in a dose-dependent manner in hsv-infected cells. in addition, ... | 2005 | 15715944 |
| the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) ns3 protein, when expressed alone in mammalian cells, induces apoptosis which correlates with caspase-8 and caspase-9 activation. | the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains exist as two biotypes, cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp), according to their effects on tissue culture cells. it has been previously reported that cell death associated to cp bvdv in vitro is mediated by apoptosis. here, experiments were conducted to determine the involvement of the ns3 protein in the induction of apoptosis. the ns3- and ns3delta50 (deleted from the nh2-terminal 50 amino acids)-cdna encoding sequences of bvdv nadl cp reference ... | 2005 | 15720974 |
| challenges in the diagnosis and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus encephalitis. | 2005 | 15741389 | |
| herpes simplex virus encephalitis during suppressive therapy with acyclovir in a premature infant. | cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection was recognized at 19 days of age in a 1415-g female infant born at 31 weeks of gestation. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) hsv polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was negative, and mri of the brain was normal. after a 14-day course of high-dose intravenous acyclovir, the infant developed a cutaneous recurrence at 38 days of age. csf hsv pcr again was negative. she was subsequently begun on oral acyclovir to prevent cutaneous reactivation of hsv. at 3 ... | 2005 | 15741392 |
| design and synthesis of a potent macrocyclic 1,6-naphthyridine anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) inhibitors. | a novel class of macrocyclic 1,6-napthyridines designed to adopt the presumed bioactive conformation of anti-hcmv acyclic 1,6-napthyridines are described. both 14- and 15-membered macrocycles were shown to be highly potent against hcmv hsv-1 and hsv-2. | 2005 | 15745823 |
| [herpesvirus infection in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. | virological examinations of blood, urine and saliva in 75 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (cg) revealed, in 95% of them, herpes-virus infections caused by herpes simplex virus, type 1 (34.4%), herpes simplex virus, type 2 (2.6%) and cytomegalovirus (12%) or mixed infections (46%). the infection rate in the control group of children without renal pathology was reliably lower. a majority of cg patients (94%) had a diagnostically significant level of antiherpetic antibodies, class igg, whi ... | 2005 | 15747870 |
| the vomeronasal chemosensory system as a route of neuroinvasion by herpes simplex virus. | we have investigated the potential of neurotropic microbes to invade the central nervous system (cns) via the peripheral nervous system. herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain kh6 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strain 186 were found to infect chemosensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ (the pheromone detector) following intranasal inoculation of mice. hsv-1 strain kh6 infection was further transmitted to the accessory olfactory bulb (first relay), the medial amygdala (second relay ... | 2005 | 15749122 |
| characterization of t-cell reactive epitopes in glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 using synthetic peptides. | we have previously shown that the cd4+ t-cell response to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g-2 is type-specific and can thus be used to evaluate herpes simplex virus type 2-specific t-cell responses in individuals with a concomitant herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. in this study we have followed the glycoprotein g-2-specific t-cell responses over time, and also tried to identify t-cell epitopes in the membrane bound portion and the secreted portion of glycoprotein g-2 using synthet ... | 2005 | 15750862 |
| development of a therapeutic vaccine for hsv-2. | a therapeutic vaccine for genital herpes is clearly needed. vaccines recently developed for hsv-2 in humans have been aimed at eliciting cd4+ t cell responses and neutralizing antibody responses to two hsv-2 glycoproteins (gb and gd). these vaccines have had no therapeutic effect against hsv-2 in human clinical trials. to enable development of an efficacious vaccine, corixa corporation has made a major effort to identify novel antigens that can be recognized by human hsv-2-specific cd8+ and cd4+ ... | 2005 | 15755634 |
| homing in on the cellular immune response to hsv-2 in humans. | genital herpes simplex infections are generally limited to epithelia and neurons. vaccines have had activity in herpes simplex virus (hsv)-seronegative women only. understanding how hsv-specific t cells traffic to infected sites may assist in vaccine design. | 2005 | 15760378 |
| nk and nkt cell-independent contribution of interleukin-15 to innate protection against mucosal viral infection. | interleukin-15 (il-15) is essential for the development, maturation, and function of nk and nkt cells, which are critical components of the innate immune defense against viral infections. we recently showed that mice lacking il-15 and/or nk/nkt cells are significantly more susceptible to intravaginal (ivag) herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection than control mice. for this study, we examined whether il-15 has any direct antiviral activity, independent of nk/nkt cells, in innate protection ... | 2005 | 15767447 |
| amphipathic and membrane-destabilizing properties of the cationic acrylate polymer eudragit e100. | the cationic acrylate polymer eudragit e100 (e100) produces a biphasic effect on the stability of casein micelles disrupting their internal structure. these results suggested that this polymer could have some amphipathic character. therefore, in this study the polymer was characterized with respect to its interaction with different amphipathic systems (bile-acid micelles, lipoproteins and liposomes), cell membranes (red blood cells) and virus membranes (herpes simplex type 2 virus). as with case ... | 2005 | 15768439 |
| induction of secretory aspartyl proteinase of candida albicans by hiv-1 but not hsv-2 or some other microorganisms associated with vaginal environment. | the most common type of candidiasis involves mucosal sites such as the oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract and the vagina. among many of virulence factors, the production of secretory aspartyl proteinase (sap) by candida albicans (c. albicans) has gained much attention, and factors leading to sap induction are thus under intense study. the aim of this study was to examine whether some microorganisms such as lactobacillus, gardnerella vaginalis (g. vaginalis), human immunodeficiency virus typ ... | 2005 | 15770446 |