Publications

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[effect of pyriproxyfen for the aedes (s) aegypti control (diptera: culicidae) in strains with various degrees of temephos resistance].the continuous use of the organophosphate temephos for aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) has prompted the emergence of resistance to this product in several countries. pyriproxyfen is an analogue of the juvenile hormone recommended by the world health organization as one of the alternative regulators of the dengue vector in drinking waters.201623437553
optimal repellent usage to combat dengue fever.dengue fever is one of the most important vector-borne diseases. it is transmitted by aedes stegomyia aegypti, and one of the most effective strategies to combat the disease is the reduction of exposure to bites of these mosquitoes. in this paper, we present a game-theoretical model in which individuals choose their own level of protection against mosquito bites in order to maximize their own benefits, effectively balancing the cost of protection and the risk of contracting the dengue fever. we ...201627142427
[the filaria dipetalonema dessetae: phenomena of regulation and parasite yield in the aedes vector].numerical observations were made on the various steps of the cycle of dipetalonema dessetae in aedes aegypti: -- ingestion of microfilariae: the numbers of the ingested microfilariae correspond to a negative binomial distribution, but the over-dispersion is less important than in the bancroft's filaria as observed by pichon; in this last case the microfilariae are thicker and thus are more slowed in the capillari; -- crossing of the stomach wall: the "limitation" is caused by a precociously esta ...2016754621
[the ability of sumah virus of the ukuniemi group to reproduce in aedes aegypti mosquitoes]. 20165141615
[limits of the possibilities of acquisition of resistance to ddt of a strain of aedes aegypti subjected to known larval selection for 11 successive generations]. 201613886805
[increased artificial resistance to ddt in adult aedes aegypti by contact of larvae with the insecticide]. 201613585041
[entomological evaluation of the risk of urban outbreak of yellow fever in 2008 in abidjan, côte d'ivoire].in april 2008, seven years after the outbreak of 2001, abidjan faced another epidemic of yellow fever. three weeks after the case detected in the commune of treichville at 28(th) of april 2008, two other cases were notified, the first one in port-bouet and the second one in cocody located respectively in the south and north of the city of abidjan. in order to determine a large-scale risk of urban yellow fever epidemic, epidemiological and entomological investigations were conducted by the minist ...201623693032
[ultrastructural alterations in larvae of aedes aegypti subject to labdane diterpene isolated from copaifera reticulata (leguminosae) and a fraction enriched with tannins of magonia pubescens (sapindaceae)].dengue is an important public health problem in many countries and its main vector aedes aegypti, is the mosquito most adapted to urban areas. for the first time, the mechanism of action of labdane diterpenoid extracted from copaifera reticulata and the fraction enriched of catechin tannins extracted from magonia pubescens is demonstrated through ultrastructural alterations of aedes aegypti larvae.201621468474
comparative identification of protein profiles and major allergens of saliva, salivary gland and whole body extracts of mosquito species in thailand.allergic reactions to mosquito bites, such as generalized urticaria or severe local reactions are common problems worldwide. the diverse sources of allergen prepared from different mosquito body parts usage are a major obstacle to obtaining safe and effective tests and immunotherapy for mosquito bite allergy. thus, the reactions are often not recognized and allergen immunotherapy is seldom used for severe reaction to mosquito bites. in a search for appropriate allergen sources, the protein profi ...201621038786
calibration and evaluation of field cage for oviposition study with aedes (stegomyia) aegypti female (l.) (diptera: culicidae).differences among results gathered from insect behavior studies conducted in laboratory and field situations are due to ambient variables that differ greatly between both environments. in laboratory studies the environmental conditions can be controlled whereas in field temperature, humidity and air velocity vary uncontrollably. the objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate an experimental area (field cage) (14 x 7 x 3.5 m) subdivided into eight test cages (2.5 x 2.5 x 2 m) for use i ...201618813752
[comprehensive surveillance system for dengue prevention].a comprehensive ecosystem approach-based surveillance system was designed and implemented for dengue prevention in cotorro municipality at the city of havana. cuba, geographically situated near those countries with high dengue incidence, and having a preventive approach as a premise of its public healthcare system, has to adopt measures to prevent new dengue epidemics. the environmental, entomological and clinical/epidemiological elements of the surveillance system were integrated and combined w ...201623427456
[persistence and efficacy of growth regulator pyriproxyfen in laboratory conditions for aedes aegypti].the persistence and efficacy of growth regulator pyriproxyfen were evaluated in two final concentrations 0.01 and 0.05 ppm against aedes aegypti larvae in laboratory conditions using three types of containers: cement box (45 liters), glass bottle (5 liters) and plastic bucket (20 liters). the tests were carried after 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days of treatment against aedes aegypti larvae 3rd and 4th instar. the percentages of larvae, pupae and adult mortality, the percentage of adult eme ...201616501771
[updating the larval habitats of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in camagüey, cuba].several illnesses of vectorial origin have a great medical and veterinary relevance, due to the adaptations developed by the species involved in their transmission. to support preventive programs with updated ecological information of ae. aegypti populations, an entomological survey was carried out in three health areas of camagüey, cuba, during low and high rain seasons of 2013. for this, we assessed the type and number of positive containers, quantified larvae and pupae in positive containers, ...201629465911
chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of essential oil from a moroccan endemic plant: bubonium imbricatum.the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties of essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation from bubonium imbricatum cav. have been investigated. the essential oil of aerial parts was analyzed by gc-fid and gc-ms. a total of 63 compounds were identified representing more than 82% of the oil. the major components were cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (31.2%) and thymol isobutyrate (3.4%). the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the dpph and reducing power test. the ...201630475515
lantana montevidensis essential oil: chemical composition and mosquito repellent activity against aedes aegypti.the essential oil (eo) of lantana montevidensis (spreng.) briq. (l. sellowiana link & otto) was investigated for its chemical composition and mosquito repellent activity. the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial plant parts was analyzed by gc-fid and gc-ms. the major constituents were p-elemene (22.0%), β-caryophyllene (20.1%), and germacrene d (9.4%). sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were present.in considerable quantities (78.9%) in the l. montevidensis eo, followed by oxygenated se ...201630475514
toxicity of compounds isolated from white snakeroot (ageratina altissima) to adult and larval yellow fever mosquitoes (aedes aegypti).botanicals have been the source for several classes of pesticides for mosquitoes. however, increasing resistance to these products and reduced numbers of choices necessitate the search for new active ingredients. ageratina altissima (l.) king & h. rob. or white snakeroot, is found throughout the eastern united states and contains known toxic compounds. we examine chromenes (benzopyrans) and benzofurans isolated fiom this plant for larvicidal and adulticidal activity against the dengue vector aed ...201630475505
preparative capillary gc for characterization of five dracocephalum essential oils from mongolia, and their mosquito larvicidal activity.the chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal and adulticidal activity of five essential oils (eos), dracocephalum ruyschiana l. (dr), d. foetidum bunge (df), d. moldavica l. (dm), d. fruticulosum steph. ex willd. (dfr) and d. peregrinum l. (dp) were evaluated. simultaneous gc-fid and gc-ms analyses revealed in the eos of dr, df and dm an unidentified compound (1) ([m'122], 5.4%, 57.9% and 74.0%, respectively). therefore, we aimed to isolate compound 1 using preparative capillary gc (pcgc) co ...201630549618
chemical composition and biting deterrent activity of essential oil of tagetes patula (marigold) against aedes aegypti.the hydrodistilled leaf essential oil (eo) of tagetes patula l. was analyzed by gc-fid and gc-ms. the main components of the oil were characterized as caryophyllene oxide (18.4%), p-caryophyllene (18.0%) and spathulenol (9.1%). the eo was screened for its biting deterrent activity against aedes aegypti l. using the in vitro k&d module system. t. patula eo exhibited good biting deterrent activity. the results suggest that these sesquiterpenes may contribute to biting deterrent activity, but the r ...201630549616
essential oil composition of pimpinella cypria and its insecticidal, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activity.a water-distilled essential oil (e) from the aerial parts of pimpinella cypria boiss. (apiaceae), an endemic species in northern cyprus, was analyzed by gc- fid and gc-ms. forty-five compounds were identified in the oil, which comprised 81.7% of the total composition. the compound classes in the oil were oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.9%), sesquiterpenes (22.0%), monoterpenes (11.4%), oxygenated monoterpenes (2.6%), and phenylpropanoids (7.5%). the main components of the oil were (z)-β-farnesene ...201630549615
11-hydroxy-2,4-cycloeudesmane from the leaf oil of juglans regia and evaluation of its larvicidal activity.leaves of juglans regia l. collected from two different locations [adana (a) and ankara (b)] from turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation in a clevenger type apparatus to yield the essential oils (eos). gc/ms and gc-fid analyses revealed that the a eo was rich in thymol (23.1%), while caryophyllene oxide (33.8%) was found as the main constituent of b eo. both contained p-eudesmol (1.4% - 9.5 %), (e)-geranyl acetone (3.7% - 5.8%) and the eudesmane type constituent juglaterpene a (3.1% - 11.0%) ...201630549590
repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a combination of dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen and permethrin (vectra® 3d) against culex pipiens in dogs.culex pipiens is an important vector of pathogens of substantial medical and veterinary importance such as dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens or the west nile virus. the control of these mosquitoes is therefore essential to control the transmission of mosquito-borne agents to humans and animals. a combination of dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen (vectra® 3d) has already shown its efficacy against aedes aegypti. the aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy of this combination ...201629988200
[construction of aaldv-3 mediated mirrna sponge delivery system and its effect on cell and larva of aedes aegypti].micrornas (mirnas) not only play the key roles in regulation of the growth and development of mosquito, but also has an important function in interaction between the pathogen and vector. so, mirnas can be used as the molecular target for development of an alternative method for mosquito and mosquito-borne disease control. however, an effective delivery system is still need. mosquito densovirus have the potential for vector control as transducing agents to express foreign toxins or small interfer ...201629979549
bioefficacy of ecbolin a and ecbolin b isolated from ecbolium viride (forsk.) alston on dengue vector aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae).ecbolin a and ecbolin b were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of ecbolium viride (forsk.) alston root and evaluated for larvicidal and growth disturbance activities against aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). for larvicidal activity, the third instar larvae of a. aegypti were exposed to different concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 ppm for each compound. among the two compounds screened, ecbolin b recorded highest larvicidal activity with lc50 and lc90 values of 0.70 and 1.42 ppm, re ...201629988190
effect of gamma radiation on life history traits of aedes aegypti (l.).aedes aegypti is an important vector for dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. considering its medical importance and its relevance as a model system, this study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of different doses of gamma radiation for three generations of a. aegypti. two to three days old virgin males of a. aegypti were irradiated with 15 doses of gamma radiation, ranging from 1 to 50 gy and were immediately mass mated with the same aged virgin females. observations were made for changes o ...201629988174
[identification and expression of the yellow gene family in aedes aegypti].to identify the yellow family genes in aedes aegypti and analyze the gene structure, phylogenetic evolution and their expression at various developmental stages and in different tissues.201630120914
a review of swertia chirayita (gentianaceae) as a traditional medicinal plant.swertia chirayita (gentianaceae), a popular medicinal herb indigenous to the temperate himalayas is used in traditional medicine to treat numerous ailments such as liver disorders, malaria, and diabetes and are reported to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. its medicinal usage is well-documented in indian pharmaceutical codex, the british, and the american pharmacopeias and in different traditional medicine such as the ayurveda, unani, siddha, and other conventional medical syst ...201526793105
hessian fly larval feeding triggers enhanced polyamine levels in susceptible but not resistant wheat.hessian fly (mayetiola destructor), a member of the gall midge family, is one of the most destructive pests of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. probing of wheat plants by the larvae results in either an incompatible (avirulent larvae, resistant plant) or a compatible (virulent larvae, susceptible plant) interaction. virulent larvae induce the formation of a nutritive tissue, resembling the inside surface of a gall, in susceptible wheat. these nutritive cells are a rich source of proteins and ...201525592131
proteomic analysis of interaction between a plant virus and its vector insect reveals new functions of hemipteran cuticular protein.numerous viruses can be transmitted by their corresponding vector insects; however, the molecular mechanisms enabling virus transmission by vector insects have been poorly understood, especially the identity of vector components interacting with the virus. here, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to study proteomic interactions of a plant virus (rice stripe virus, rsv, genus tenuivirus) with its vector insect, small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus). sixty-six proteins of l. striatellu ...201526091699
purification and characterization of a novel nad(p)+-farnesol dehydrogenase from polygonum minus leaves.juvenile hormones have attracted attention as safe and selective targets for the design and development of environmentally friendly and biorational insecticides. in the juvenile hormone iii biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme farnesol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of farnesol to farnesal. in this study, farnesol dehydrogenase was extracted from polygonum minus leaves and purified 204-fold to apparent homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography using deae-toyopearl, sp-toyopearl, and super-q ...201526600471
cecropins from plutella xylostella and their interaction with metarhizium anisopliae.cecropins are the most potent induced peptides to resist invading microorganisms. in the present study, two full length cdna encoding cecropin2 (px-cec2) and cecropin3 (px-cec3) were obtained from p. xylostella by integrated analysis of genome and transcriptome data. qrt-pcr analysis revealed the high levels of transcripts of px-cecs (px-cec1, px-cec2 and px-cec3) in epidermis, fat body and hemocytes after 24, 30 and 36 h induction of metarhizium anisopliae, respectively. silencing of spätzle an ...201526544076
lipopeptides as the antifungal and antibacterial agents: applications in food safety and therapeutics.a lot of crops are destroyed by the phytopathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast leading to economic losses to the farmers. members of the bacillus genus are considered as the factories for the production of biologically active molecules that are potential inhibitors of growth of phytopathogens. plant diseases constitute an emerging threat to global food security. many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic and nonbiodegradable and thus cause extend ...201525632392
sweetgum: an ancient source of beneficial compounds with modern benefits.sweetgum trees are large, deciduous trees found in asia and north america. sweetgum trees are important resources for medicinal and other beneficial compounds. many of the medicinal properties of sweetgum are derived from the resinous sap that exudes when the outer bark of the tree has been damaged. the sap, known as storax, has been used for centuries to treat common ailments such as skin problems, coughs, and ulcers. more recently, storax has proven to be a strong antimicrobial agent even agai ...201526009686
the mutualistic side of wolbachia-isopod interactions: wolbachia mediated protection against pathogenic intracellular bacteria.wolbachia is a vertically transmitted endosymbiont whose radiative success is mainly related to various host reproductive manipulations that led to consider this symbiont as a conflictual reproductive parasite. however, lately, some wolbachia have been shown to act as beneficial symbionts by protecting hosts against a broad range of parasites. still, this protection has been mostly demonstrated in artificial wolbachia-host associations between partners that did not co-evolved together. here, we ...201526733946
ornamental exterior versus therapeutic interior of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus): the two faces of a versatile herb.catharanthus roseus (l.) known as madagascar periwinkle (mp) is a legendary medicinal plant mostly because of possessing two invaluable antitumor terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias), vincristine and vinblastine. the plant has also high aesthetic value as an evergreen ornamental that yields prolific blooms of splendid colors. the plant possesses yet another unique characteristic as an amiable experimental host for the maintenance of the smallest bacteria found on earth, the phytoplasmas and spiropl ...201525667940
nmr structure and function of helicoverpa armigera sterol carrier protein-2, an important insecticidal target from the cotton bollworm.the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, has developed strong resistance to many insecticides. sterol carrier protein-2 (scp-2) is an important non-specific lipid transfer protein in insects and appears to be a potential new target. in order to elucidate the structure and function of helicoverpa armigera scp-2 (hascp-2), nmr spectroscopy, docking simulations, mutagenesis and bioassays were performed. hascp-2 composed of five α-helices and four stranded β-sheets. the folds of α-helices and β-sh ...201526655641
variation in the ribosome interacting loop of the sec61α from giardia lamblia.the interaction between the ribosome and the endoplasmic reticulum-located sec61 protein translocon is mediated through an arginine residue of sec61α, which is conserved in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic orthologues characterized to date. using in silico approaches we report that instead of arginine, this ribosome-interaction function is most likely discharged by a lysine residue in the protist giardia lamblia. this functional substitution of the r with a k in glsec61α may have taken place to ac ...201526424409
no time to waste--the ethical challenges created by crispr: crispr/cas, being an efficient, simple, and cheap technology to edit the genome of any organism, raises many ethical and regulatory issues beyond the use to manipulate human germ line cells. 201526450575
aerobic bacterial flora of biotic and abiotic compartments of a hyperendemic zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) focus.identification of the microflora of the sand fly gut and the environmental distribution of these bacteria are important components for paratransgenic control of leishmania transmission by sand flies.201525630498
bacterial diversity associated with wild caught anopheles mosquitoes from dak nong province, vietnam using culture and dna fingerprint.microbiota of anopheles midgut can modulate vector immunity and block plasmodium development. investigation on the bacterial biodiversity in anopheles, and specifically on the identification of bacteria that might be used in malaria transmission blocking approaches, has been mainly conducted on malaria vectors of africa. vietnam is an endemic country for both malaria and bancroftian filariasis whose parasitic agents can be transmitted by the same anopheles species. no information on the microbio ...201525747513
paratransgenesis: a promising new strategy for mosquito vector control.the three main mosquito genera, anopheles, aedes and culex, transmit respectively malaria, dengue and lymphatic filariasis. current mosquito control strategies have proved unsuccessful, and there still is a substantial number of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. genetic control methods have now arisen as promising alternative strategies, based on two approaches: the replacement of a vector population by disease-refractory mosquitoes and the release of mosquitoes carrying a lethal gene ...201526104575
the genome of diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains.the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is one of the most important pests of small grains throughout the temperate regions of the world. this phytotoxic aphid causes severe systemic damage symptoms in wheat, barley, and other small grains as a direct result of the salivary proteins it injects into the plant while feeding.201526044338
mutualism breakdown by amplification of wolbachia genes.most insect species are associated with vertically transmitted endosymbionts. because of the mode of transmission, the fitness of these symbionts is dependent on the fitness of the hosts. therefore, these endosymbionts need to control their proliferation in order to minimize their cost for the host. the genetic bases and mechanisms of this regulation remain largely undetermined. the maternally inherited bacteria of the genus wolbachia are the most common endosymbionts of insects, providing some ...201525668031
evolutionary history of the photolyase/cryptochrome superfamily in eukaryotes.photolyases and cryptochromes are evolutionarily related flavoproteins, which however perform distinct physiological functions. photolyases (phr) are evolutionarily ancient enzymes. they are activated by light and repair dna damage caused by uv radiation. although cryptochromes share structural similarity with dna photolyases, they lack dna repair activity. cryptochrome (cry) is one of the key elements of the circadian system in animals. in plants, cry acts as a blue light receptor to entrain ci ...201526352435
oviposition responses of aedes mosquitoes to bacterial isolates from attractive bamboo infusions.the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are vectors of pathogenic viruses that cause major human illnesses including dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya. both mosquito species are expanding their geographic distributions and now occur worldwide in temperate and tropical climates. collection of eggs in oviposition traps (ovitraps) is commonly used for monitoring and surveillance of container-inhabiting aedes populations by public health agencies charged with managing mosquito-transmitt ...201526399712
nanoparticles as potential new generation broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains to conventional antimicrobial agents has complicated and prolonged infection treatment and increased mortality risk globally. furthermore, some of the conventional antimicrobial agents are unable to cross certain cell membranes thus, restricting treatment of intracellular pathogens. therefore, the disease-causing-organisms tend to persist in these cells. however, the emergence of nanoparticle (np) technology has come with the promising broad ...201526329777
the waal gene mutation compromised the inhabitation of enterobacter sp. ag1 in the mosquito gut environment.the mosquito gut harbors a variety of bacteria that are dynamically associated with mosquitoes in various contexts. however, little is known about bacterial factors that affect bacterial inhabitation in the gut microbial community. enterobacter sp. ag1 is a predominant gram negative bacterium in the mosquito midgut.201526306887
the dimerization state of the mammalian high mobility group protein at-hook 2 (hmga2).the mammalian high mobility group protein at-hook 2 (hmga2) is a chromosomal architectural transcription factor involved in cell transformation and oncogenesis. it consists of three positively charged "at-hooks" and a negatively charged c-terminus. sequence analyses, circular dichroism experiments, and gel-filtration studies showed that hmga2, in the native state, does not have a defined secondary or tertiary structure. surprisingly, using combined approaches of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) ...201526114780
the wolbachia wo bacteriophage proteome in the aedes albopictus c/wstr1 cell line: evidence for lytic activity?wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales), an obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium in insects, manipulates host reproduction to maximize invasion of uninfected insect populations. modification of host population structure has potential applications for control of pest species, particularly if wolbachia can be maintained, manipulated, and genetically engineered in vitro. although wolbachia maintains an obligate mutualism with genome stability in nematodes, arthropods can be co-infected with dist ...201526427709
dengue virus infection of aedes aegypti requires a putative cysteine rich venom protein.dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes serious human disease and mortality worldwide. there is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine for denv infection. alterations in gene expression during denv infection of the mosquito and the impact of these changes on virus infection are important events to investigate in hopes of creating new treatments and vaccines. we previously identified 203 genes that were ≥5-fold differentially upregulated during flavivirus infection of the ...201526491875
an insight into the functional role of thioredoxin reductase, a selenoprotein, in maintaining normal native microbiota in the gulf coast tick (amblyomma maculatum).tick selenoproteins have been associated with antioxidant activity in ticks. thioredoxin reductase (trxr), also a selenoprotein, belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase family of proteins and is an important antioxidant. molecular interactions between native microbiota and tick hosts have barely been investigated to date. in this study, we determined the functional role of trxr in tick feeding and in maintenance of the native microbial community. trxr transcript levels remai ...201526184979
nuclease tudor-sn is involved in tick dsrna-mediated rna interference and feeding but not in defense against flaviviral or anaplasma phagocytophilum rickettsial infection.tudor staphylococcal nuclease (tudor-sn) and argonaute (ago) are conserved components of the basic rna interference (rnai) machinery with a variety of functions including immune response and gene regulation. the rnai machinery has been characterized in tick vectors of human and animal diseases but information is not available on the role of tudor-sn in tick rnai and other cellular processes. our hypothesis is that tick tudor-sn is part of the rnai machinery and may be involved in innate immune r ...201526186700
movement of regulatory rna between animal cells.recent studies suggest that rna can move from one cell to another and regulate genes through specific base-pairing. mechanisms that modify or select rna for secretion from a cell are unclear. secreted rna can be stable enough to be detected in the extracellular environment and can enter the cytosol of distant cells to regulate genes. mechanisms that import rna into the cytosol of an animal cell can enable uptake of rna from many sources including other organisms. this role of rna is akin to that ...201526138457
infectious uveitis.infectious uveitis is one of the most common and visually devastating causes of uveitis in the us and worldwide. this review provides a summary of the identification, treatment, and complications associated with certain forms of viral, bacterial, fungal, helminthic, and parasitic uveitis. in particular, this article reviews the literature on identification and treatment of acute retinal necrosis due to herpes simplex virus, varicella virus, and cytomegalovirus. while no agreed-upon treatment has ...201526618074
abstracts from the 38th annual meeting of the society of general internal medicine. 201525869016
anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor h from the blood meal.hematophagous vectors strictly require ingesting blood from their hosts to complete their life cycles. exposure of the alimentary canal of these vectors to the host immune effectors necessitates efficient counteractive measures by hematophagous vectors. the anopheles mosquito transmitting the malaria parasite is an example of hematophagous vectors that within seconds can ingest human blood double its weight. the innate immune defense mechanisms, like the complement system, in the human blood sho ...201525679788
prolyl oligopeptidase from the blood fluke schistosoma mansoni: from functional analysis to anti-schistosomal inhibitors.blood flukes of the genus schistosoma cause schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that infects over 240 million people worldwide, and for which there is a need to identify new targets for chemotherapeutic interventions. our research is focused on schistosoma mansoni prolyl oligopeptidase (smpop) from the serine peptidase family s9, which has not been investigated in detail in trematodes.201526039195
non-specific esterases in several organs of aedes aegypti (l.) during female adult life. 20154709581
developmental effects of ionizing radiation in aedes aegypti. 20155080436
[effects of 2 antimetabolites on the development of aedes aegypti larvae]. 20154662010
infectious chikungunya virus in the saliva of mice, monkeys and humans.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a reemerging, ordinarily mosquito-transmitted, alphavirus that occasionally produces hemorrhagic manifestations, such as nose bleed and bleeding gums, in human patients. interferon response factor 3 and 7 deficient (irf3/7-/-) mice, which are deficient for interferon α/β responses, reliably develop hemorrhagic manifestations after chikv infection. here we show that infectious virus was present in the oral cavity of chikv infected irf3/7-/- mice, likely due to hemorrh ...201526447467
tracking dengue virus intra-host genetic diversity during human-to-mosquito transmission.dengue virus (denv) infection of an individual human or mosquito host produces a dynamic population of closely-related sequences. this intra-host genetic diversity is thought to offer an advantage for arboviruses to adapt as they cycle between two very different host species, but it remains poorly characterized. to track changes in viral intra-host genetic diversity during horizontal transmission, we infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes by allowing them to feed on denv2-infected patients. we then p ...201526325059
in-depth characterization of trypsin-like serine peptidases in the midgut of the sugar fed culex quinquefasciatus.culex quinquefasciatus is a hematophagous insect from the culicidae family that feeds on the blood of humans, dogs, birds and livestock. this species transmits a wide variety of pathogens between humans and animals. the midgut environment is the first location of pathogen-vector interactions for blood-feeding mosquitoes and the expression of specific peptidases in the early stages of feeding could influence the outcome of the infection. trypsin-like serine peptidases belong to a multi-gene famil ...201526174750
detection of persistent chikungunya virus rna but not infectious virus in experimental vertical transmission in aedes aegypti from malaysia.vertical transmission may contribute to the maintenance of arthropod-borne viruses, but its existence in chikungunya virus (chikv) is unclear. experimental vertical transmission of infectious clones of chikv in aedes aegypti mosquitoes from malaysia was investigated. eggs and adult progeny from the second gonotrophic cycles of infected parental mosquitoes were tested. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), 56.3% of pooled eggs and 10% of adult progeny had detectable chikv rna, but no samples had ...201526598564
the phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine receptor cd300a binds dengue virus and enhances infection.dengue virus (denv) is the etiological agent of the major human arboviral disease. we previously demonstrated that the tim and tam families of phosphatidylserine (ptdser) receptors involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells mediate denv entry into target cells. we show here that human cd300a, a recently identified phospholipid receptor, also binds directly denv particles and enhances viral entry. cd300a facilitates infection of the four denv serotypes, as well as of other mosquito-borne vir ...201526468529
direct pcr of indigenous and invasive mosquito species: a time- and cost-effective technique of mosquito barcoding.millions of people die each year as a result of pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes. however, the morphological identification of mosquito species can be difficult even for experts. the identification of morphologically indistinguishable species, such as members of the anopheles maculipennis complex (diptera: culicidae), and possible hybrids, such as culex pipiens pipiens/culex pipiens molestus (diptera: culicidae), presents a major problem. in addition, the detection and discrimination of newly ...201526663040
chikungunya nsp2 protease is not a papain-like cysteine protease and the catalytic dyad cysteine is interchangeable with a proximal serine.chikungunya virus is the pathogenic alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever in humans. in the last decade millions of cases have been reported around the world from africa to asia to the americas. the alphavirus nsp2 protein is multifunctional and is considered to be pivotal to viral replication, as the nsp2 protease activity is critical for proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein during replication. classically the alphavirus nsp2 protease is thought to be papain-like with the enzyme r ...201526597768
antiviral phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers are protective against chikungunya virus infection on cell-based and murine models.chikungunya virus (chikv) infection in human is associated with debilitating and persistent arthralgia and arthritis. currently, there is no specific vaccine or effective antiviral available. anti-chikv phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (cpmo) was evaluated for its antiviral efficacy and cytotoxcity in human cells and neonate murine model. two cpmos were designed to block translation initiation of a highly conserved sequence in chikv non-structural and structural polyprotein, respectively. ...201526224141
circumsporozoite protein as a potential target for antimalarials.since the discovery of circumsporozoite protein (csp), a major sporozoite surface antigen, by ruth nussenzweig and victor nussenzweig in the early 1980s, the role of csp in protection against malaria has been extensively investigated. several monoclonal antibodies against csp have been generated to date, with some of them mediating antimalarial protection upon passive transfer into animals. genetically engineered transgenic mosquitoes producing the anti-csp antibody have recently been generated ...201526081442
sequence-independent characterization of viruses based on the pattern of viral small rnas produced by the host.virus surveillance in vector insects is potentially of great benefit to public health. large-scale sequencing of small and long rnas has previously been used to detect viruses, but without any formal comparison of different strategies. furthermore, the identification of viral sequences largely depends on similarity searches against reference databases. here, we developed a sequence-independent strategy based on virus-derived small rnas produced by the host response, such as the rna interference ...201526040701
the baculovirus antiapoptotic p35 protein functions as an inhibitor of the host rna interference antiviral response.rna interference (rnai) is considered an ancient antiviral defense in diverse organisms, including insects. virus infections generate double-strand rnas (dsrnas) that trigger the rnai machinery to process dsrnas into virus-derived short interfering rnas (vsirnas), which target virus genomes, mrnas, or replication intermediates. viruses, in turn, have evolved viral suppressors of rnai (vsrs) to counter host antiviral rnai. following recent discoveries that insects mount an rnai response against d ...201526018163
a neuron-specific antiviral mechanism prevents lethal flaviviral infection of mosquitoes.mosquitoes are natural vectors for many etiologic agents of human viral diseases. mosquito-borne flaviviruses can persistently infect the mosquito central nervous system without causing dramatic pathology or influencing the mosquito behavior and lifespan. the mechanism by which the mosquito nervous system resists flaviviral infection is still largely unknown. here we report that an aedes aegypti homologue of the neural factor hikaru genki (aahig) efficiently restricts flavivirus infection of the ...201525915054
a small antigenic determinant of the chikungunya virus e2 protein is sufficient to induce neutralizing antibodies which are partially protective in mice.the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (chikv) causes high fever and severe joint pain in humans. it is expected to spread in the future to europe and has recently reached the usa due to globalization, climate change and vector switch. despite this, little is known about the virus life cycle and, so far, there is no specific treatment or vaccination against chikungunya infections. we aimed here to identify small antigenic determinants of the chikv e2 protein able to induce neutralizing immune resp ...201525905779
the hub protein loquacious connects the microrna and short interfering rna pathways in mosquitoes.aedes aegypti mosquitoes vector several arboviruses of global health significance, including dengue viruses and chikungunya virus. rna interference (rnai) plays an important role in antiviral immunity, gene regulation and protection from transposable elements. double-stranded rna binding proteins (dsrbps) are important for efficient rnai; in drosophila functional specialization of the mirna, endo-sirna and exo-sirna pathway is aided by the dsrbps loquacious (loqs-pb, loqs-pd) and r2d2, respectiv ...201525765650
impacts of the creation, expansion and management of english wetlands on mosquito presence and abundance - developing strategies for future disease mitigation.the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases is increasing in europe, partly due to the incursion of a number of invasive species known to be vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses, but also due to the involvement of native species in the transmission of west nile virus and malaria. for some of these pathogens, there is a risk of the re-emergence of vector-borne diseases that were once widespread in europe, but declined partly due to large-scale land-drainage projects. some mosquito species explo ...201525889666
rapid selection against arbovirus-induced apoptosis during infection of a mosquito vector.millions of people are infected each year by arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) such as chikungunya, dengue, and west nile viruses, yet for reasons that are largely unknown, only a relatively small number of mosquito species are able to transmit arboviruses. understanding the complex factors that determine vector competence could facilitate strategies for controlling arbovirus infections. apoptosis is a potential antiviral defense response that has been shown to be important in other virus-ho ...201525713358
small interfering rna pathway modulates initial viral infection in midgut epithelium of insect after ingestion of virus.numerous viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by insect vectors. persistent viruses establish their initial infection in the midgut epithelium, from where they disseminate to the midgut visceral muscles. although propagation of viruses in insect vectors can be controlled by the small interfering rna (sirna) antiviral pathway, whether the sirna pathway can control viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium is unknown. infection by a rice virus (southern rice black streaked dwarf vir ...201526537672
arbovirus-mosquito interactions: rnai pathway.arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses infect hematophagous arthropods (vectors) to maintain virus transmission between vertebrate hosts. the mosquito vector actively controls arbovirus infection to minimize its fitness costs. the rna interference (rnai) pathway is the major antiviral response vectors use to restrict arbovirus infections. we know this because depleting rnai gene products profoundly impacts arbovirus replication, the antiviral rnai pathway genes undergo positive, diversifying selection a ...201526629932
ixodes scapularis and ixodes ricinus tick cell lines respond to infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus: transcriptomic and proteomic analysis.ixodid ticks are important vectors of a wide variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. although several studies have elucidated tick responses to bacteria, little is known about the tick response to viruses. to gain insight into the response of tick cells to flavivirus infection, the transcriptomes and proteomes of two ixodes spp cell lines infected with the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) were analysed.201526582129
the impact of wolbachia on virus infection in mosquitoes.mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue, west nile and chikungunya viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in human populations. since current methods are not sufficient to control disease occurrence, novel methods to control transmission of arboviruses would be beneficial. recent studies have shown that virus infection and transmission in insects can be impeded by co-infection with the bacterium wolbachia pipientis. wolbachia is a maternally inherited endosymbiont that is commonly found ...201526556361
identifying the role of e2 domains on alphavirus neutralization and protective immune responses.chikungunya virus (chikv) and other alphaviruses are the etiologic agents of numerous diseases in both humans and animals. despite this, the viral mediators of protective immunity against alphaviruses are poorly understood, highlighted by the lack of a licensed human vaccine for any member of this virus genus. the alphavirus e2, the receptor-binding envelope protein, is considered to be the predominant target of the protective host immune response. although envelope protein domains have been stu ...201526473963
kinetic characterization of trans-proteolytic activity of chikungunya virus capsid protease and development of a fret-based hts assay.chikungunya virus (chikv) capsid protein (cvcp) is a serine protease that possesses cis-proteolytic activity essential for the structural polyprotein processing and plays a key role in the virus life cycle. chikv being an emerging arthropod-borne pathogenic virus, is a public health concern worldwide. no vaccines or specific antiviral treatment is currently available for chikungunya disease. thus, it is important to develop inhibitors against chikv enzymes to block key steps in viral reproductio ...201526439734
nonhuman primate models of chikungunya virus infection and disease (chikv nhp model).chikungunya virus (chikv) is a positive-sense rna virus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. chikv is a reemerging alphavirus that causes acute febrile illness and severe and debilitating polyarthralgia of the peripheral joints. huge epidemics and the rapid spread of chikv seen in india and the indian ocean region established chikv as a global health concern. this concern was further solidified by the recent incursion of the virus into the western hemisphere, a region without pre-existing immunity. ...201526389957
distinct sets of piwi proteins produce arbovirus and transposon-derived pirnas in aedes aegypti mosquito cells.the piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathway is essential for transposon silencing in many model organisms. its remarkable efficiency relies on a sophisticated amplification mechanism known as the ping-pong loop. in alphavirus-infected aedes mosquitoes, pirnas with sequence features that suggest ping-pong-dependent biogenesis are produced from viral rna. the piwi family in aedes mosquitoes is expanded when compared to other model organisms, raising the possibility that individual piwi proteins have ...201526068474
interplay between the virus and host in rift valley fever pathogenesis.rift valley fever virus (rvfv) belongs to the genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae, and carries single-stranded tripartite rna segments. the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and has caused large outbreaks among ruminants and humans in sub-saharan african and middle east countries. the disease is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, photophobia, and weakness. in most cases, patients recover from the disease after a period of weeks, but some also develop ...201525766761
the role of rna interference (rnai) in arbovirus-vector interactions.rna interference (rnai) was shown over 18 years ago to be a mechanism by which arbovirus replication and transmission could be controlled in arthropod vectors. during the intervening period, research on rnai has defined many of the components and mechanisms of this antiviral pathway in arthropods, yet a number of unexplored questions remain. rnai refers to rna-mediated regulation of gene expression. originally, the term described silencing of endogenous genes by introduction of exogenous double- ...201525690800
suppression of shrimp melanization during white spot syndrome virus infection.the melanization cascade, activated by the prophenoloxidase (propo) system, plays a key role in the production of cytotoxic intermediates, as well as melanin products for microbial sequestration in invertebrates. here, we show that the propo system is an important component of the penaeus monodon shrimp immune defense toward a major viral pathogen, white spot syndrome virus (wssv). gene silencing of pmpropo(s) resulted in increased cumulative shrimp mortality after wssv infection, whereas incuba ...201525572398
of elic and evolution. 201525548134
insect-specific virus discovery: significance for the arbovirus community.arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), especially those transmitted by mosquitoes, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals worldwide. recent discoveries indicate that mosquitoes are naturally infected with a wide range of other viruses, many within taxa occupied by arboviruses that are considered insect-specific. over the past ten years there has been a dramatic increase in the literature describing novel insect-specific virus detection in mosquitoes, which has p ...201526378568
insect-specific flaviviruses: a systematic review of their discovery, host range, mode of transmission, superinfection exclusion potential and genomic organization.there has been a dramatic increase in the number of insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) discovered in the last decade. historically, these viruses have generated limited interest due to their inability to infect vertebrate cells. this viewpoint has changed in recent years because some isfs have been shown to enhance or suppress the replication of medically important flaviviruses in co-infected mosquito cells. additionally, comparative studies between isfs and medically important flaviviruses can ...201525866904
global climate anomalies and potential infectious disease risks: 2014-2015.the el niño/southern oscillation (enso) is a global climate phenomenon that impacts human infectious disease risk worldwide through droughts, floods, and other climate extremes. throughout summer and fall 2014 and winter 2015, el niño watch, issued by the us national oceanic and atmospheric administration, assessed likely el niño development during the northern hemisphere fall and winter, persisting into spring 2015.201525685635
dissecting the role of e2 protein domains in alphavirus pathogenicity.alphaviruses represent a diverse set of arboviruses, many of which are important pathogens. chikungunya virus (chikv), an arthritis-inducing alphavirus, is the cause of a massive ongoing outbreak in the caribbean and south america. in contrast to chikv, other related alphaviruses, such as venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) and semliki forest virus (sfv), can cause encephalitic disease. e2, the receptor binding protein, has been implicated as a determinant in cell tropism, host range, pa ...201526676771
resource limitation, controphic ostracod density and larval mosquito development.aquatic environments can be restricted with the amount of available food resources especially with changes to both abiotic and biotic conditions. mosquito larvae, in particular, are sensitive to changes in food resources. resource limitation through inter-, and intra-specific competition among mosquitoes are known to affect both their development and survival. however, much less is understood about the effects of non-culicid controphic competitors (species that share the same trophic level). to ...201526558896
larval temperature-food effects on adult mosquito infection and vertical transmission of dengue-1 virus.temperature-food interactions in the larval environment can affect life history and population growth of container mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus skuse, the primary vectors of chikungunya and dengue viruses. we used ae. aegypti, ae. albopictus, and dengue-1 virus (denv-1) from florida to investigate whether larval rearing temperature can alter the effects of larval food levels on ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus life history and denv-1 infection and vertical transmission. altho ...201526489999
ross river virus: many vectors and unusual hosts make for an unpredictable pathogen. 201526335937
a potent neutralizing igm mab targeting the n218 epitope on e2 protein protects against chikungunya virus pathogenesis.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a medically important human viral pathogen that causes chikungunya fever accompanied with debilitating and persistent joint pain. host-elicited or passively-transferred monoclonal antibodies (mab) are essential mediators of chikv clearance. therefore, this study aimed to generate and characterize a panel of mabs for their neutralization efficacy against chikv infection in a cell-based and murine model. to evaluate their antigenicity and neutralization profile, indire ...201526305993
the usual suspects: comparison of the relative roles of potential urban chikungunya virus vectors in australia.the global re-emergence of chikungunya virus (chikv) over the last decade presents a serious public health risk to australia. an increasing number of imported cases further underline the potential for local transmission to occur if local mosquitoes bite an infected traveller. laboratory experiments have identified a number of competent australian mosquito species, including the primary vectors of chikv abroad, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, and local endemic species aedes vigilax and aedes ...201526247366
the chikungunya virus capsid protein contains linear b cell epitopes in the n- and c-terminal regions that are dependent on an intact c-terminus for antibody recognition.chikungunya virus (chikv) is an arthropod-borne agent that causes severe arthritic disease in humans and is considered a serious health threat in areas where competent mosquito vectors are prevalent. chikv has recently been responsible for several millions of cases of disease, involving over 40 countries. the recent re-emergence of chikv and its potential threat to human health has stimulated interest in better understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of the virus, and requirement for impro ...201526061335
alphaviruses in gene therapy.alphavirus vectors present an attractive approach for gene therapy applications due to the rapid and simple recombinant virus particle production and their broad range of mammalian host cell transduction. mainly three types of alphavirus vectors, namely naked rna, recombinant particles and dna/rna layered vectors, have been subjected to preclinical studies with the goal of achieving prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy, particularly in oncology. in this context, immunization with alphavirus vect ...201525961488
native wolbachia from aedes albopictus blocks chikungunya virus infection in cellulo.wolbachia, a widespread endosymbiont of terrestrial arthropods, can protect its host against viral and parasitic infections, a phenotype called "pathogen blocking". however, in some cases wolbachia may have no effect or even enhance pathogen infection, depending on the host-wolbachia-pathogen combination. the tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is naturally infected by two strains of wolbachia, walba and walbb, and is a competent vector for different arboviruses such as dengue virus (denv) and chiku ...201525923352
fighting arbovirus transmission: natural and engineered control of vector competence in aedes mosquitoes.control of aedine mosquito vectors, either by mosquito population reduction or replacement with refractory mosquitoes, may play an essential role in the fight against arboviral diseases. in this review, we will focus on the development and application of biological approaches, both natural or engineered, to limit mosquito vector competence for arboviruses. the study of mosquito antiviral immunity has led to the identification of a number of host response mechanisms and proteins that are required ...201526463078
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