Publications

[an evaluation of the effect of phytobacteriomycin on the malarial parasite in the mosquito].		1992	1331733
[a spectrophotometric study of the interaction of neutral red with lysates of erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei].		1992	1340261
immunopathology of malaria: role of cytokine production and adhesion molecules.		1992	1342724
deletion, insertion and translocation of dna sequences contribute to chromosome size polymorphism in plasmodium berghei.	extensive chromosome size polymorphism arises in plasmodium berghei during in vivo mitotic multiplication. size differences between homologous chromosomes mainly involve rearrangements in the subtelomeric regions while internal chromosomal regions are more conserved. size differences are almost exclusively due to differences in the copy number of a 2.3 kb subtelomeric repeat unit. not only deletion of 2.3 kb repeats occurs, but addition of new copies of this repeat sometimes results in the forma ...	1992	1343732
interrelationship between schistosomiasis and concomitant diseases.	the biological literature contains many examples of mutual influences between different species of parasites, especially with respect to concomitant helminth infections. several situations are known in which the association of infection by schistosoma mansoni with other pathogens in the same host results in a type of disease which differs from the simple summation of the individual effects of each infection. the present study concerns concomitant infections involving s. mansoni and enterobacteri ...	1992	1343911
distinct t cell specificities are induced with the authentic versus recombinant plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein.	plasmodium berghei sporozoite (spz)-immune lymph node (ln) cells obtained from mice of different h-2 haplotypes were analyzed for the presence of circumsporozoite (cs) protein-reactive t cells in proliferative assays. although lymphocytes from each strain responded in vitro to the priming ag and to the soluble rcs protein, they did not respond to cs protein synthetic peptides. parallel analysis of rcs protein-primed ln cells revealed that the two ag are unequal in generating t cell specificities ...	1992	1348519
antimalarial activity of orotate analogs that inhibit dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.	dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, two enzymes of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, were purified from plasmodium berghei to apparent homogeneity. orotate and a series of 5-substituted derivatives were found to inhibit competitively the purified enzymes from the malaria parasite. the order of effectiveness as inhibitors on pyrimidine ring cleavage reaction for dihydroorotase was 5-fluoro orotate greater than 5-amino orotate, 5-methyl orotate greater than orotate greater than 5-b ...	1992	1348618
the role of t cells in pathogenesis and protective immunity to murine malaria.	t-cell-mediated immunity to a virulent strain of plasmodium berghei nk65 (pb nk65) and to an attenuated derivative (pb xat) of the strain were examined in cba mice by the administration of monoclonal antibodies against t-cell subsets or interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). the injection of anti-cd8+ or anti-ifn-gamma delayed the mortality of mice infected with pb nk65, although it did not affect the parasitaemia. in the late stage of pb nk65 infection, t cells, especially cd8+ t cells, were increased i ...	1992	1350570
mini- and micro-satellites in the genome of rodent malaria parasites.	higher eukaryotes contain within their dna numerous arrays of repetitive dna, many of which are known as satellite dnas and display extensive variability. the presence of these repeats has been demonstrated for various species and they have been used for genetic identification and classification. here, it is demonstrated that southern hybridisation of dna from rodent malaria parasites allows detection of micro- and minisatellite sequences in the genome of plasmodium species. closely related line ...	1992	1355061
attenuation of malaria infection, paralysis and lesions in the central nervous system by low protein diets in rats.	young wistar rats developed a fulminant infection when inoculated with the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. rats that died during the infection exhibited a progressive paralysis of the extremities, a rapidly decreasing body temperature and minute haemorrhages in the brain. increasing the level of protein in the diet from 4 to 8 and 16% was accompanied by an increase in morbidity and mortality from 15 to 40 and 90% respectively on day 6 of the infection. increasing the level of dietary ...	1992	1356299
inhibition of the growth of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei in vitro by an extract of cochlospermum angolense (welw.).	an extract of cochlospermum angolense (welw.) is used in the traditional medicine of angola for the therapy of icterus and for the prophylaxis of malaria. from the roots of this plant red crystalline substances have been isolated and tested for their effect on plasmodium falciparum in vitro and on the dna and protein synthesis of plasmodium berghei. the multiplication of p. falciparum was decreased to 50% of the control in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml extracted material and there was a total ...	1992	1356304
most residues on the floor of the antigen binding site of the class i mhc molecule h-2kd influence peptide presentation.	a panel of 15 single alanine substitutions on the floor of the peptide binding groove of the murine class i histocompatibility molecule h-2kd has been analyzed. all but two mutant molecules were expressed on the cell surface, and were tested for peptide binding and presentation to specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. eleven out of 13 mutant molecules appeared to be functionally altered. five of the substituted residues were involved in the presentation of all peptides tested. three participated in ...	1992	1358191
identification and quantification of rodent malaria strains and species using gene probes.	a dna probe pcsv4 and a subclone thereof pcsv4.1, hybridize specifically to rodent malaria dna. dna purified from a small volume (10 microliters) of infected mouse blood was used to determine the composition of the parasite population present. the hybridization signal following pcsv4 probing of slot-blotted dna correlated directly with parasitaemia. the hybridization pattern and intensity, resulting from probing restriction enzyme digested and southern-blotted genomic dna, determined the identit ...	1992	1359498
a protective monoclonal antibody with dual specificity for plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite proteins.	an igm monoclonal antibody (mab 36) which reacts with the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of both p. falciparum and p. berghei was isolated from plasmodium falciparum sporozoite-immunized mice. in assays of biological activity, mab 36 induces the cs precipitation reaction with live sporozoites and blocks the invasion of hepatoma cells by sporozoites in vitro at concentrations much lower than those observed for previously reported cs protein-specific monoclonal antibodies. mab 36 also provided com ...	1992	1375561
use of human universally antigenic tetanus toxin t cell epitopes as carriers for human vaccination.	synthetic constructs were assembled as multiple ag peptide systems containing repetitive sequences of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei, the causative agents of human and murine malaria respectively, and two universal human tetanus toxin t cell epitopes 830-843 and 947-967. these constructs were tested for antibody production in mice and for their capacity to stimulate human pbl and tetanus toxin-specific t cell clones. a high antibody titer can be obtained in mice when multiple ag pe ...	1992	1378079
h-2-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes specific for hla display t cell receptors of limited diversity.	we previously showed that h-2kd-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones specific for a single nonapeptide derived from the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) protein displayed t cell receptors (tcrs) of highly diverse primary structure. we have now analyzed the tcr repertoire of ctls that recognize a peptide derived from the human class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecule hla-cw3 in association with the same murine class i mhc molecule h-2kd. we first sequenced the t ...	1992	1380061
immunogenic properties of multiple antigen peptide systems containing defined t and b epitopes.	immunization with chemically defined synthetic polymers, multiple ag peptide (map) systems, containing t and b epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein of p. berghei induce high levels of circulating antibodies that are detectable several months after boosting. the anti-map secondary antibody response is characterized by an increase in the levels of circulating igg and a concomitant decrease in the igm levels. in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that th epitopes included in the map are re ...	1992	1382101
t helper epitopes enhance the cytotoxic response of mice immunized with mhc class i-restricted malaria peptides.	we have previously derived mhc class i (h-2kd) restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) from balb/c mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites from plasmodium (p.) berghei and p. yoelii. the ctl recognize synthetic peptides corresponding to a region of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein that is homologous in the two species. in the present study, we have attempted to induce cs-specific ctl by immunization with those peptides in incomplete freund's adjuvant. only a low level ctl response was detec ...	1992	1383348
[the blood schizontocidal effects of pyronaridine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and qinghaosu on mice infected with plasmodium berghei].	the asexual stages of p. berghei anka were completely eliminated as revealed in a "4-day suppressive test" with the daily dose of pyronaridine 12.5 mg base/kg or amodiaquine 25 mg base/kg. mefloquine 25 mg base/kg and qinghaosu 100 mg/kg though exerted obvious suppressive effect, the cure rates were only 50% and 0%, respectively. in treating chloroquine-sensitive p. berghei anka strain pyronaridine exhibited the best therapeutic activity, which was followed by amodiaquine, mefloquine and quingha ...	1992	1394908
[observation of ultrastructure and drug sensitivity of in vitro cultured exoerythrocytic form of plasmodium berghei].	the ultrastructure of in vitro cultured exoerythrocytic stage (ee) of plasmodium berghei (p. b.) was observed under transmission electron microscope (tem). the drug sensitivity of ee was also measured in vitro. the ee was cultured in monolayer host cell, fixed and embedded in situ. the ultrathin sections were prepared and examined by routine methods. the tem pictures showed that the fine structure of in vitro cultured ee was similar with that of ee grown in rat hepatocytes in vivo, as described ...	1992	1394909
synthesis and antimalarial properties of 1-imino derivatives of 7-chloro-3-substituted-3,4-dihydro-1,9(2h,10h)-acridinediones and related structures.	to improve upon the activity and properties of the 3-aryl-7-chloro-3,4- dihydro-1,9(2h,10h)-acridinediones, a variety of 1-[(alkylamino)alkylene]imino derivatives (3) were prepared and shown to be highly active antimalarial agents in both rodents and primates. among structural modifications prepared, including n10-alkyl and c2-substituted analogs, removal of the c9 oxygen, and introduction of an imino side chain at c9, the imines of the n10-h acridinediones were the most active compounds obtaine ...	1992	1404226
extensive turnover of telomeric dna at a plasmodium berghei chromosomal extremity marked by a rare recombinational event.	the dynamics of telomere turnover were studied in plasmodium, whose telomeric structures consist of linear, recognisable sequences of two distinct repeats (tttaggg and ttcaggg). independent recombinant clones containing a well-defined chromosomal extremity of plasmodium berghei, both before and after a rare insertion event took place, were obtained from clonal parasite populations and analysed. the insertion, which splits the original telomere and causes a significant reduction in the size of th ...	1992	1408751
development of a model ribosomal rna hybridization assay for the detection of sarcocystis and other coccidia.	two regions of the primary structure of the small subunit rrna of sarcocystis muris bradyzoites were compared with nucleotide sequences of s. gigantea, toxoplasma gondii, plasmodium berghei and mus musculus and used to design genus- and species-specific probes for the detection and identification of coccidia. total cellular rna of purified s. muris, s. cruzi, t. gondii and eimeria nieschulzi and coccidia-infected tissues of mouse, ox, sheep and pig, were assayed using twenty-base oligomers label ...	1992	1423056
plasmodium berghei: sporozoites are sensitive to human serum but not susceptible host serum.	human complement was activated by rodent malaria, plasmodium berghei, sporozoites through the alternative pathway, as revealed by c3 deposition on sporozoites using the fluorescent antibody technique. sporozoites exposed to fresh human serum decreased in infectivity to hepg2 cells, but those exposed to heated or c3-deficient human serum showed normal infectivity to hepg2 cells. in contrast, c3 deposition was not observed on the sporozoites treated with mouse or rat serum even in the presence of ...	1992	1426138
immunization against cerebral pathology in plasmodium berghei-infected mice.	the development of cerebral lesions in plasmodium berghei-infected mice was dependent on the strain of mice and the size of the infectious inoculum. in particular, c57bl/6j mice develop cerebral lesions when infected with low numbers of parasitized erythrocytes. by increasing the number of parasites in the infectious inoculum, the percentage of animals that develop cerebral malaria is decreased. varying degrees of protection against the development of cerebral malaria can be obtained by several ...	1992	1437278
plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei: detection of sporozoites and the circumsporozoite proteins in the saliva of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.	sporozoites and free circumsporozoite (cs) protein were stained immunoenzymatically in 1-min saliva samples collected from anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with either plasmodium berghei or p. falciparum. the number of sporozoites in 1-min saliva-streak samples significantly increased as the salivary gland index rose from 3+ to 4+. for p. berghei-infected mosquitoes from which saliva had been collected before 30 days postfeed, the median sporozoite counts for 3+ and 4+ gland indexes were ...	1992	1438147
appearance of adherent cells suppressive to erythropoiesis during an early stage of plasmodium berghei infection in mice.	we examined the effect of adherent cells from bone marrow or spleen of mice infected with plasmodium berghei on dyserythropoiesis. significant reduction in number of erythroid progenitors (erythroid colony-forming units: cfu-e and erythroid burst-forming units: bfu-e) was observed in bone marrow as early as 1 day after p. berghei infection. when adherent cells were removed from bone marrow or spleen cells of infected mice, the number of cfu-e and bfu-e was clearly increased. furthermore, additio ...	1992	1439968
purification and ligand binding of a soluble class i major histocompatibility complex molecule consisting of the first three domains of h-2kd fused to beta 2-microglobulin expressed in the baculovirus-insect cell system.	a recombinant baculovirus encoding a single-chain murine major histocompatibility complex class i molecule in which the first three domains of h-2kd are fused to beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) via a 15-amino acid linker has been isolated and used to infect lepidopteran cells. a soluble, 391-amino acid single-chain h-2kd (sc-kd) molecule of 48 kda was synthesized and glycosylated in insect cells and could be purified in the absence of detergents by affinity chromatography using the anti-h-2kd mo ...	1992	1447172
placental pathology in plasmodium berghei-infected rats.	the pathologic changes in placentae of pregnant rats infected with plasmodium berghei at different stages of gestation were studied using light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. the major changes observed were thickening and duplication of the trophoblastic basement membrane, and accumulation of parasitized erythrocytes and occasional mononuclear cells in the maternal blood space. immunohistochemical examination of nine placentae revealed that six stained positively for igg, two ...	1992	1449205
the effect of malaria infection on 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and paracetamol glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes.	the effect of malaria infection on udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt) activity was investigated in rat liver microsomes using 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and paracetamol. the michaelis-menten parameters, km and vmax were calculated and intrinsic clearance values were estimated for normal and infected livers. the results show that malaria infection alters the activity of udpgt.	1992	1449539
electron microscopic analysis of circumsporozoite protein trail formation by gliding malaria sporozoites.	immunoelectron microscopic techniques were utilized to characterize the morphology of circumsporozoite protein-containing trails deposited on various substrates by gliding plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. the basic components of the trails are beadlike particles, 25 to 90 nm in diameter, which are devoid of unit membrane and have an electron-lucent center. trails were captured on formvar-covered grids coated with anticircumsporozoite protein monoclonal antibodies and com ...	1992	1453354
reversal of chloroquine resistance with verapamil in p. berghei in vivo.	the effects of verapamil on the parasite susceptibility to chloroquine were examined in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant lines of plasmodium berghei. verapamil in a dose of 10-50 mg/kg daily s.c. for 4 days did not affect the growth of both sensitive and resistant parasites. when verapamil in the same dose range was combined with 1.5 mg/kg chloroquine diphosphate, the chloroquine-sensitive parasites became more susceptible to chloroquine. similarly, verapamil se ...	1992	1459299
effect of picroliv on glutathione metabolism in liver and brain of mastomys natalensis infected with plasmodium berghei.	administration of picroliv, the active principle from picrorhiza kurrooa, at a dose of 6 mg/kg, po for two weeks showed significant protection against changes in liver and brain glutathione metabolism of plasmodium berghei infected mastomys natalensis. the depletion of reduced glutathione level and inhibition of glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities due to p. berghei infection were markedly recovered by picroliv. the increased levels of lipid pero ...	1992	1459651
plasmodium berghei and plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi: development of simple in vitro erythrocyte invasion assays.	erythrocyte invasion assays are described for two species of rodent malaria, namely plasmodium berghei and p.c. chabaudi. these invasion assays are simple, are carried out using a candle jar and allow a number of assays to be performed simultaneously. our results demonstrate that both rodent malaria species show an in vitro preference for reticulocytes although the preference of p. c. chabaudi for these cells is not as marked as that of p. berghei. the details of our invasion assays and our resu ...	1992	1461676
assessment of parasite population dynamics in mixed infections of rodent plasmodia.	cloned lines of the four rodent plasmodium species can be differentiated by the rflp pattern generated following southern blotting and probing with pcsv4.1, a probe derived from a p. chabaudi chabaudi genomic library. groups of cba/ca mice were inoculated simultaneously with cloned lines from two parasite species or strains. six mixed species and three mixed strain infections using rodent malaria lines were initiated. the composition of the parasite population in each group was determined qualit ...	1992	1461677
heme polymerase: modulation by chloroquine treatment of a rodent malaria.	the biosynthesis of the beta-hematin of malarial pigment (hemozoin) is catalyzed by a newly discovered enzyme, heme polymerase, which is described for plasmodium berghei in this report. this novel enzyme is present in the insoluble fraction of hemolysates of infected erythrocytes but is not present in normal erythrocytes. the substrate is ferriprotoporphyrin ix (fp) released from hemoglobin. at ph 5 and 37 degrees c the enzyme is saturated by 100 microm fp. the ph optimum is between 5 and 6 and ...	1992	1474861
ultrastructural changes in the blood-brain barrier of mice infected with plasmodium berghei.	mice infected with the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei exhibit ultrastructural changes of the blood-brain barrier during the course of infection. firm adherence including cellular interdigitation of infected cells or leucocytes and even clusters of cells to the vascular-endothelial lining is repeatedly observed early during infection. ghosts and membrane remnants can be found engulfed in the surface of the endothelial cells. frequently leucocytes migrate between endothelial cells and ...	1992	1485495
application of a simple culture of plasmodium berghei for assessment of antiparasitic activity.	mouse erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei were incubated for a short period in microplate wells. the parasites changed morphologically from the immature ring form to mature schizonts, and free merozoites were released. however, reinvasion of the erythrocytes appeared not to be possible in this system. this intraerythrocytic one-step growth of the parasite could be determined quantitatively by counting incorporation of 3h-hypoxanthine. the incorporation was markedly decreased by additio ...	1992	1487372
peptide binding to mhc class i proteins measured with a novel fluorescent technique.	an n-dansylated peptide derived from the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein (pbcs 253-260) bound in an allele-specific manner to a single-chain kd molecule (sc-kd), and its binding resulted in significant fluorescent enhancement. the binding kinetics of unlabelled peptides could be determined by pre-incubating dansylated pbcs with a concentrated suspension of sc-kd, and then diluting this mixture in the presence of unmodified peptide. the time-dependence of the ensuing fluorescence decr ...	1992	1493573
cyclical transmission of plasmodium berghei (coccidiida: plasmodiidae) by anopheles omorii (diptera: culicidae).	anopheles omorii, a tree-hole breeding anopheline collected in japan, transmitted a rodent malaria, plasmodium berghei anka strain, in the laboratory. mice with 0.2-15% parasitemia, 0.01-1.5% gametocytemia, and 0.001-0.5% exflagellations were used as infective hosts. oocyst numbers ranged from 2 to 171 (mean 44) on the midgut 8-16 d after the blood meal. several to hundreds of sporozoites were detected in the salivary glands 14 d after feeding. the mosquitoes were infective to mice from 13 to 40 ...	1992	1495055
immunoprotection in mice susceptible to waning memory against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria after validated immunisation with irradiated sporozoites of plasmodium berghei.	the induction of immunity by irradiated sporozoites has been a bench-mark of immunological protection against the malaria parasite. herein we confirm that different mouse strains exhibit different susceptibilities to sporozoite-induced infection of plasmodium berghei. we note, however, that after hepatic schizogony, early parasite growth in the blood demonstrates no strain preference between c57bl/6 and balb/c mice. sporozoite-susceptible c57bl/6 mice, although initially protected by irradiated ...	1992	1495922
dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes: a new class of antimalarial peroxides.	dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes 2-4 were synthesized as potential peroxide antimalarial drugs. they had curative activity against plasmodium berghei in vivo at single doses of 320 and 640 mg/kg which confirms earlier unpublished data. moreover, artemisinin (1) and 4 had equivalent ed50's against p. berghei in vivo in the multiple-dose thompson test; neither showed any evidence of acute toxicity at total doses of more than 12 g/kg. dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane 4 had ic50's comparable to those of 1 agai ...	1992	1501229
[the search for new antiparasitic agents. 10. the synthesis, toxicological and antimalarial properties of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with a 4-(4-alkylpiperazinyl-1) phenylamine substituent (the preparation quinoprazine)].	synthesis is described and acute toxicity and antimalaria action is studied in new derivatives of quinoline and benzo(g)quinoline containing a 4-(4-alkylpiperazinyl-1)phenylamine substitute. only the derivatives of benzo(g)quinoline were found to have a high antimalaria effect and to have advantages over the standard agent chloroquine on their tolerance and protective action. one of the compounds, 4-[4-(4-ethylpiperazinyl-1)phenylamino] benzo(g)quinoline, named quinoprazine, showed some action a ...	1992	1508078
cytokines inhibit the development of liver schizonts of the malaria parasite plasmodium berghei in vivo.	the effect of induction of an acute-phase response and its mediators on the development of liver schizonts of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei was investigated in brown norway rats. subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil 24 h or 5 min before inoculation of sporozoites resulted in 80% and 35% reduction of schizont development, respectively. turpentine oil induced high plasma levels of interleukin-6 (il-6). intraperitoneal administration of il-1, il-6 or both, significantly reduced ...	1992	1516619
a t cell clone directed at the circumsporozoite protein which protects mice against both plasmodium yoelii and plasmodium berghei.	clone b is a cytotoxic t cell clone induced by immunization with plasmodium yoelii sporozoites which recognizes an epitope on both the p. yoelii and plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite proteins. it is cd8, uses the v beta 8.1 tcr, and is kd restricted. when adoptively transferred, it protects mice against infection by both species of malaria sporozoites, and this protection is dependent on ifn-gamma. clone b cells are more broadly reactive and protective than previously described murine t cell c ...	1992	1517574
binding of malarial circumsporozoite protein to sulfatides [gal(3-so4)beta 1-cer] and cholesterol-3-sulfate and its dependence on disulfide bond formation between cysteines in region ii.	region ii of the malaria circumsporozoite (cs) protein is highly conserved between the cs proteins of different species of malaria. amino acid sequences homologous to that of region ii are found in thrombospondin, properdin, von willebrand factor and a few other proteins. we show here that the native cs protein from the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei, and recombinant plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum cs proteins containing region ii, but not recombinant proteins lacking region ii, s ...	1992	1518521
comparison of effects of pyronaridine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and qinghaosu on rodent malaria.	blood schizontocidal effect of antimalarials were compared by 4-day suppressive test with an extended observation period of 31 days. on a drug-sensitive plasmodium berghei anka strain, pyronaridine (pnd) exhibited the best effect, followed by amodiaquine (adq), mefloquine (mfq), and qinghaosu (qhs). on a moderately chloroquine-resistant p. berghei ns line, the order of effects was the same, pnd greater than adq greater than mfq greater than qhs. on a highly pyronaridine-resistant p. berghei rp l ...	1992	1523480
gametocytocidal and sporontocidal activity of antimalarials against plasmodium berghei anka in icr mice and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.	the gametocytocidal and sporontocidal activity of three 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine, wr-238605, and wr-242511), three dihydroacridine-diones (floxacrine, wr-250547, and wr-250548), a 1,4-naphthoquinone (menoctone), a synthetic aminoalcohol (halofantrine), and a guanide (wr-182393) was determined against a cloned line of plasmodium berghei anka. gametocytocidal activity was assessed by treating mice with a single intraperitoneal inoculation of a given compound (25 mg base drug/kg mouse body wei ...	1992	1539752
antimalarial properties of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: in vitro effects on plasmodium falciparum and in vivo effects on p. berghei.	the polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (c22:6,n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid caused marked in vitro growth inhibition of plasmodium falciparum, assessed by a radiometric assay. in contrast, negligible parasite killing was seen with oleic acid or docosanoic acid. parasite killing was significantly increased when oxidized forms of polyunsaturated fatty acids were used. antioxidants greatly reduced the fatty acid-induced killing. mice infected with p. ...	1992	1541684
immunization with synthetic peptides containing a defined malaria epitope induces a highly diverse cytotoxic t lymphocyte response. evidence that two peptide residues are buried in the mhc molecule.	in the present study, we have explored ways of inducing a ctl response to a previously defined h-2kd mhc class i restricted epitope in the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium berghei, and studied in detail the fine specificity of the response. we found that the s.c. injection of a variety of synthetic peptides emulsified in freund's adjuvant efficiently induced a specific ctl response in (balb/c x c57bl/6)f1 (h-2d x h-2b) mice. in contrast, balb/c mice responded only marginally, consiste ...	1992	1541825
immunoenzymatic labeling of multiple plasmodial salivary gland sporozoites in a single test.	a direct, double- and triple-staining immunoenzymatic method detected and differentiated sporozoites by color in anopheles stephensi salivary glands and in mixed sporozoite slide preparations. a double-staining method used beta-galactosidase- and alkaline phosphatase-labeled monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of plasmodium berghei and p. falciparum in mosquito salivary glands. the cs proteins were distinguished clearly by the blue-green and red substrate products of beta ...	1992	1558271
effect of malaria on phenol conjugation pathways in perfused rat liver.	the effect of malaria infection (mi) on sulphation and glucuronidation of phenol was investigated in single-pass perfused livers from rats infected with the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. at a hepatic inflow (cin) phenol concentration of 1 microgram/ml in controls, 52% was metabolized to sulphate conjugate and 37% to glucuronide conjugate at steady state. at this cin, mi had no effect on phenol clearance (cl) (control: 9.63 +/- 0.38 vs mi: 9.65 +/- 0.36 ml/min; p greater than 0.05) ...	1992	1562275
defined medium supporting development of cleansed plasmodium berghei ookinetes in anopheles stephensi.	hamsters blood infected with plasmodium berghei was cultured in vitro for the development of ookinetes. the ookinetes were separated from blood components, suspended in various defined media and fed to anopheles stephensi through a membrane. the development of the oocysts and infective sporozoites was recorded. mosquitoes infected with ookinetes suspended in l15 formulated into l15-b, l15-d (a medium specially modified for this purpose), ipl-41 or 199 media with no proteins added, developed at l ...	1992	1563917
a comparative study of the kinetic changes of hemopoietic stem cells in mice infected with lethal and non-lethal malaria.	the kinetic changes of hemopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and spleen were compared between lethal plasmodium berghei- and non-lethal p. yoelii 17x-infected mice. p. yoelii 17x-infected mice showed more severe splenomegaly than those infected with p. berghei. p. yoelii 17x-infected mice also showed a greater degree of sustained increase in number of multipotent hemopoietic stem cells (colony-forming units in spleen: cfu-s) and committed stem cells for granulocytes and macrophages (cfu-gm) and ...	1992	1563919
embryotoxic and growth-retarding effects of malaria on pregnant mice.	the effect of the malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei berghei, on reproductive physiology was studied in mice. three groups of randomly bred mice consisting of two groups of pregnant females and one group of nonpregnant females were used for the study. blood-induced infections in mice were used. endocrinologic evidence was found of an imbalance in endocrine function in the mice with infections. although there was an elevation in white blood cell counts, the red blood cell counts decreased as th ...	1992	1564714
dietary fish-oil supplementation in experimental gram-negative infection and in cerebral malaria in mice.	dietary fish-oil supplementation interferes with eicosanoid production and appears to decrease production of interleukin-1 (il-1) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf). the effect of fish oil was investigated in an intramuscular klebsiella pneumoniae infection in swiss mice and in cerebral malaria induced by plasmodium berghei in c57b1/6 mice. after a low inoculum of k. pneumoniae, 90% of fish oil-fed mice survived; survival in control mice fed equal amounts of corn or palm oil or normal chow was 30%, ...	1992	1569340
development of plasmodium berghei ookinetes to young oocysts in vitro.	the mosquito stage of plasmodium berghei was cultivated in vitro, with special attention to ookinete transformation into early oocyst. the ookinetes were obtained by in vitro culture of gametocytes taken from infected mice, purified by density gradient of metrizoic acid or a lymphocyte separation medium, and incubated either in acellular culture or in co-cultivations with mosquito cells. in acellular culture, the ookinetes were found to aggregate with each other and transformed from banana to ro ...	1992	1578408
antimalarial activity of new dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 5. sugar analogues.	a series of dihydroartemisinin derivatives containing a sugar moiety was prepared in the search for analogues with good water solubility and high antimalarial activity. the preparation of the new compounds was achieved by treatment of dihydroartemisinin (2) with chlorotrimethylsilane in pyridine solution at -10 degrees c to give a nearly quantitative yield of 10-o-(trimethylsilyl)dihydroartemisinin (3), which was then condensed with 1-hydroxypolyacetylated sugars 5 to give dihydroartemisinin der ...	1992	1578492
rapid transport of the acidic phosphoproteins of plasmodium berghei and p. chabaudi from the intraerythrocytic parasite to the host membrane using a miniaturized fractionation procedure.	a miniaturized procedure for the separation of the host erythrocyte membrane from malarial parasites based on saponin lysis and density-gradient centrifugation with percoll is described. the procedure requires only 20-35 microliters packed infected erythrocytes, is simple to perform, needs no sophisticated equipment, and can be completed in less than 2 h. analysis of the isolated erythrocyte membranes and parasites using marker enzymes and electron microscopy revealed that both the purity and th ...	1992	1589427
the role of the mosquito peritrophic membrane in bloodmeal digestion and infectivity of plasmodium species.	secretion and luminal formation of the peritrophic membrane (pm) were induced in female anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti by feeding the mosquitoes on a warmed suspension of latex particles in ringer's solution. the pm in a. stephensi was produced from apical secretion vesicles stored in the midgut epithelial cells and secreted into the lumen during feeding. in a. aegypti, the pm was formed de novo. when the latex feeding was followed 24 hr later by a meal of lyophilized pig blood, the 2 mos ...	1992	1597785
bisquinolines. 1. n,n-bis(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)alkanediamines with potential against chloroquine-resistant malaria.	on the basis of observations that several bisquinolines such as piperaquine possess notable activity against chloroquine-resistant malaria, 13 n,n-bis-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)alkanediamines were synthesized and screened against plasmodium falciparum in vitro and plasmodium berghei in vivo. twelve of the thirteen bisquinolines had a significantly lower resistance index than did chloroquine; the resistance index was apparently unrelated to either in vitro or in vivo activity. except for two compoun ...	1992	1597862
probing behaviour and sporozoite delivery by anopheles stephensi infected with plasmodium berghei.	we observed that plasmodium berghei sporozoite-infected anopheles stephensi was not impaired in its ability to locate blood on a host. when probing rats, infected mosquitoes took as long as non-infected mosquitoes to locate blood. contrary to previous suggestions, infective mosquitoes delivered sporozoites into mineral oil even after extensively probing a vertebrate host. we observed that, in mosquitoes having probed a host, both the mean number of sporozoites ejected over 3 min into oil (35.9 v ...	1992	1600229
biochemical studies on mouse liver following plasmodium berghei infection.	the lipid composition of mouse liver following infection with p. berghei was investigated. the liver lipid contents of infected animals were greatly increased mainly due to the accumulation of triacylglycerides. there was enhanced lipid concentration (85.29%). significantly (23.7%) depleted liver cholesterol was also found in the mice. similarly, phospholipid contents of liver were also decreased by 19.90 per cent. the liver from p. berghei infected mouse produced more lipid peroxide, as compare ...	1992	1601476
survey of medicinal plants used as antimalarials in the amazon.	plants traditionally employed for the treatment of malaria in certain areas of brazil, where this disease is prevalent, were surveyed by interviewing natives and migrants in the amazon region. forty-one plants used for malarial treatment and/or for the related symptoms (fever and liver disorders) were collected and identified. given the potential of brazil's forests and medicinal plants, research on traditional plant-based remedies in this country may lead to the development of new drugs.	1992	1608275
binding of low concentration of peptide to h-2kd produced in insect cells requires mouse beta 2-microglobulin co-expression.	a recombinant baculovirus expressing the murine class i mhc heavy chain h-2kd cdna under the transcriptional control of autografa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) polyhedrin promoter has been isolated and used to infect sf9 lepidopteran cells either alone or in association with a previously isolated virus expressing mouse beta 2-microglobulina (beta 2-ma). when infected with the heavy chain-encoding virus alone, h-2kd was produced in a beta 2-m-free conformation detected on the sur ...	1992	1622899
stage-specific expression of aldolase isoenzymes in the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei.	we have cloned two gene (aldo-1 and aldo-2) encoding the glycolytic enzyme aldolase of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. the amino acid sequence of one gene product, aldo-1, is virtually identical to p. falciparum aldolase whereas aldo-2, the second gene product, is different and has 13% sequence diversity to aldo-1. we expressed aldo-2 as an active enzyme in escherichia coli and compared the biochemical and kinetic properties to that of p. falciparum recombinant aldolase (aldo-1 t ...	1992	1625704
protective immunization with invariant peptides of the plasmodium falciparum antigen msa2.	three octapeptides from the n and c terminal c regions of the merozoite surface ag 2 (msa2) of plasmodium falciparum elicit anti-msa2 antibody when given as diphtheria toxoid conjugates. these antibodies also bind to the msa2 homolog from the rodent malaria plasmodium berghei. all mice vaccinated with these conjugates and challenged with an otherwise lethal inoculum of p. berghei showed substantial protection with most surviving. there was a inverse correlation between the development of the par ...	1992	1727867
early hepatic stages of plasmodium berghei: release of circumsporozoite protein and host cellular inflammatory response.	after injection of plasmodium berghei sporozoites into norway-brown rats, we were able to localize these sporozoites and the early hepatic trophozoites developing from them in histological sections of the liver stained with a sensitive immunogold-silver procedure. sporozoites invading hepatocytes released substantial quantities of circumsporozoite protein into the hepatocyte cytoplasm. this intrahepatic cytoplasmic distribution reached a maximal level at about 4 h post-sporozoite injection. as t ...	1992	1729189
plasmodium berghei: in vivo generation and selection of karyotype mutants and non-gametocyte producer mutants.	we previously reported that karyotype and gametocyte-producer mutants spontaneously arose during in vivo asexual multiplication of plasmodium berghei. here we studied the rate of selection of these mutants in vivo. gametocyte production and karyotype pattern were established at regular intervals during prolonged periods of asexual multiplication of clone 8417 of p. berghei. we found that karyotype mutants and mutants which do not produce gametocytes can replace the original high-producer parasit ...	1992	1730264
effect of nifedipine treatment on oxidative metabolism of peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils of plasmodium berghei-infected mice.	the oxidative metabolism of peritoneal macrophages (pm) and neutrophils from nifedipine (calcium channel blocker)-treated, plasmodium berghei (nk 65)-infected and normal infected swiss albino mice was studied. a significant fall in oxidative metabolism as evidenced by decreased chemiluminescence (cl) response (p less than 0.001) was recorded both in pm and neutrophils from nifedipine-treated mice compared to the control animals. when the oxidative metabolism of these phagocytes was studied after ...	1992	1730270
interaction of antigenic peptides with mhc class i molecules on living cells studied by photoaffinity labeling.	using a direct binding assay based on photoaffinity labeling, we have studied the interaction of antigenic peptides with murine mhc class i molecules on living cells. photoreactive derivatives were prepared by n-terminal amidation with iodo, 4-azido salicylic acid of the kd restricted plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (p.b. cs) peptide 253-260 (yipsaeki) and the db-restricted adenovirus 5 early region 1a (ad5 e1a) peptide 234-243 (sgpsntppei). as assessed in functional competition experiments, ...	1992	1737923
malaria mimicry with tumor necrosis factor. contrasts between species of murine malaria and plasmodium falciparum.	because plasmodium berghei anka induces cerebral malaria and p. vinckei does not, the former has often been studied as a model for human falciparum malaria. it lacks, however, many of the systemic changes seen in the human disease. because both of these murine models and the human disease have now been defined in terms of excess tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production, the authors have more closely examined the two murine models in this light to see which provides the better overall model for fal ...	1992	1739126
chromosome translocation in plasmodium berghei.	we describe a chromosome translocation in a karyotype mutant of the rodent malarial parasite plasmodium berghei. in this mutant (named ep) a small chromosome (chromosome 7), which has exhibited a size range between 0.9 and 1.4 mb in other clones of p. berghei, is translocated to chromosome 13 or 14 with a size of about 3 mb. by comparison of apa-i restriction fragments of the chromosomes from mutant ep and from a reference clone (named hp) of p. berghei, we found evidence for a junction of subte ...	1992	1741291
trial of antimalarial potential of extracts of artemisia annua grown in myanmar.		1991	1755047
detection of mature malaria infections in live mosquitoes.	a method has been developed which detects malaria parasites in the salivary glands of live anopheles stephensi. the method exploits the sugar feeding behaviour of the mosquito and requires only routine western blotting techniques on nitrocellulose membrane (ncm). infectivity can be determined without any direct manipulation of individual mosquitoes. female a. stephensi were infected with the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, and after 14-16 d were starved of fructose overnight (12-18 ...	1991	1755048
[the computer processing of data from experimental research on malaria. 2. the quantitative characteristics of parasitemia dynamics].	models of simple and modified logistic function have been used for the quantitative characteristics of malaria infection development. the approach could be successfully used, which was demonstrated on experimental infection dynamics in rodents during parasitemia assessment both in absolute and logarithmic scales. regression analysis of experimental data and choice of an optimal form of logistic equation are performed with the help of specially elaborated software. the calculated values of logist ...	1991	1770882
[the search for new antiparasitic agents. 4. the study of the antimalarial activity of n-(halogen naphthyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3,5-dihalogen benzamides].	antimalarial activity of 10 n-(haloidnaphthyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3,5-dihaloidbenzamide compounds earlier synthesized as potential anthelmintics has been studied. it has been shown that antimalarial activity is typical only of amides of 2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodinebenzoic acid.	1991	1770883
antiamoebic and antiplasmodial activities of alkaloids isolated from strychnos usambarensis.	seven alkaloids isolated from strychnos usambarensis have been assessed for in vitro activities against entamoeba histolytica and plasmodium falciparum and for in vivo activity against plasmodium berghei in mice. strychnopentamine and 3',4'-dihydrousambarensine were highly active against p. falciparum in vitro, but were inactive and non-toxic against p. berghei in vivo. usambarensine, usambarine, and 18,19-dihydrousambarine were highly active against e. histolytica in vitro, but were less active ...	1991	1775573
studies using a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium berghei.	a recombinant vaccinia virus was constructed which expressed the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium berghei. four different strains of mice belonging to different haplotypes were immunized with the recombinant virus. the antibody response to the circumsporozoite protein as well as to vaccinia virus varied among the strains, independently of each other. the anti-circumsporozoite protein titers were comparable to that obtained on immunization with irradiated sporozoites. spleen cells from h2d ...	1991	1779992
[trends of tissue hypoxia following chemotherapy of acute malaria in mice].	the effects of antimalarial treatment on the blood oxygen-transporting properties and on the tissue hypoxia were investigated in severe murine malaria, using mice infected with plasmodium berghei (nk65). five week old male ddy mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 x 10(7) of p. berghei-infected red blood cells and treated with fansidar (20 mg/kg body weight sulfadoxine and 1 mg/kg body weight pyrimethamine orally) on day 5 after inoculation. parasitemia in these mice decreased rapidly on ...	1991	1783800
malaria infection impairs glucuronidation and biliary excretion by the isolated perfused rat liver.	1. the effect of the erythrocyte stage of malaria infection on hepatic glucuronidation, biliary excretion and oxidation processes was investigated using harmol, salbutamol, taurocholate and propranolol. livers from rats infected with the rodent malaria parasite p. berghei were isolated and perfused in a single-pass (harmol, taurocholate, propranolol) or recirculating (harmol, salbutamol) design. the degree of erythrocytic parasitaemia ranged from 16% to 63%. 2. the hepatic clearance (cl) of harm ...	1991	1785204
susceptibility of multipotent haemopoietic stem cell deficient w/wv mice to plasmodium berghei-infection.	the susceptibility of haemopoietic stem cell deficient w/wv mice to infection with plasmodium berghei was examined. the mean survival time of w/wv mice after the infection was shorter than that of the +/+ mice. splenomegaly, a characteristic pathological change of the host after infection with malaria parasites was not observed in w/wv mice. when haemopoietic activity of the infected mice was examined, a substantial increase in number of multipotent haemopoietic stem cells (cfu-s) and the commit ...	1991	1787005
malaria sporozoites release circumsporozoite protein from their apical end and translocate it along their surface.	plasmodium sporozoites, the causative agents of malaria, release circumsporozoite (cs) protein into medium when under conditions simulating those that the parasites encounter in the bloodstream of the vertebrate host. cs protein of the rodent parasite, plasmodium berghei, is released as the lower molecular weight form, pb44. this release is substratum- and antibody-independent. previous studies show that cs protein is released at the trailing, posterior end of motile sporozoites. video and elect ...	1991	1787427
nucleotide status in erythrocytes of rats infected with plasmodium berghei.		1991	1789198
the mode of action of chloroquine. non-weak base properties of 4-aminoquinolines and antimalarial effects on strains of plasmodium.	the mode of action of chloroquine was investigated by studying the properties of its 7-h derivatives, which retain the weak base properties of the quinolines but exhibit low antimalarial activity. using a specific probe [4-(1-amino-butylamino)quinoline] it has been shown that weak base properties are sufficient to induce concentration of the drug in the parasite's food vacuole. however, the chloroquine uptake we measured for the 7-h derivatives revealed a significantly low concentration of drug ...	1991	1796865
the effect of defined media, additive nutrients and metabolites on the development of the sporogony cycle of plasmodium berghei in anopheles stephensi.	anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were infected with plasmodium berghei by feeding on parasitaemic hamsters. after the infective blood meal they were separated into groups that were maintained on sugar solutions containing different additives. the numbers of oocysts developing in the various groups were then compared. when either casein, haemoglobin or foetal bovine serum was added to the sugar, the yield of oocysts was 1.6-2.1 times higher than that in controls fed only on sugar solutions. when ei ...	1991	1796879
bromo-deoxyuridine is not incorporated into dna of malaria parasites.		1991	1801336
don't kill the parasite: control the disease.	it is clear from both laboratory and clinical studies that the blood-stage malaria parasite does not itself directly cause most of the serious complications of the disease, with the possible exception of anaemia. for example, t cell- deprived mice with lethal infections survive longer and mice can be protected against early death by vaccines that appear not to affect parasitaemia. in certain cases antibodies to tnf have the same effect. clinically it has been known for over 50 years that childre ...	1991	1820705
the need for live parasites for long-term immunity in malaria.	all of the results of the various experiments support a role for living, proliferating parasites in the efficient induction of anti-parasitic as well as anti-disease (cm) immunity. non-proliferating parasites or material from disrupted parasites are poor or non-antigens in this respect. three possibilities as to why living parasites are important in immunity could be considered: 1. circulating parasites contain insufficient antigen to induce protective immunity, but sufficient antigen can be pro ...	1991	1820706
variation in karyotype and gametocyte production during asexual multiplication of plasmodium berghei.		1991	1820712
antimalarial activity of crude extracts from brazilian plants studied in vivo in plasmodium berghei-infected mice and in vitro against plasmodium falciparum in culture.	1. ninety-five crude extracts obtained with either organic solvents or water from 48 brazilian plants or parts of plants were evaluated experimentally as blood schizontocides. seventy-three extracts were obtained from 33 plants randomly collected using an empirical approach, and 22 from 15 "medicinal" plants. 2. the crude extracts were screened in vivo at up to 1.0 g/kg, po, for 4 days in mice infected with blood forms of plasmodium berghei and parasitemia was determined on the fifth day. 3. six ...	1991	1823001
[synthesis and biological activities of 2,4-diamino-5-chloro-6-substituted quinazolines].	title compounds were synthesized by condensation of 5-chloro-2,4,6-triaminoquinazoline (8) with various substituted benzaldehydes to produce the corresponding schiff bases, followed by reduction with nabh4, ii and iii were obtained by formylation or nitrosation of i respectively. primary screening for suppressive therapeutic effects against p. berghei in mice showed that eight of the twelve compounds produced 100% suppression when administered orally at dose of 20 mg/kg. the results against l121 ...	1991	1823976
[effects of alpha-dimethylamino-cyclohexoxyl-dimethyl gallium on ultrastructure of erythrocytic stage of plasmodium berghei and p yoelii].	the effects of alpha-dimethylamino-cyclohexoxyl-dimethyl gallium (dcdg), a new antimalarial drug developed in china, on the ultrastructure of murine malaria parasites in vivo was studied in comparison with those of chloroquine (cq) and artemisinin (art). all these 3 antimalarials were administered ig to mice at dosages of 1-3, 40-80, and 200-400 mg.kg-1 for dcdg, cq, and art respectively, based on a similar intensity of morphological changes in the parasites. blood samples were collected for ele ...	1991	1824007
dietary modulation of malaria infection in rats.	feeding of wistar albino rats on low protein and energy diet (4% protein) caused suppression of parasitaemia when infected with plasmodium berghei besides causing a depressed immune response. the refeeding of protein energy deficient rats on normal protein and energy diet (18% protein) for four weeks resulted in the normal course of parasitaemia after p. berghei infection. the present study was carried out to find the cause of suppression of malaria in protein energy deficient rats. the experime ...	1991	1824358
histopathological studies in relation to protection induced by using mdp as an adjuvant in malaria.	different immunomodulators were tried for their efficacy to protect against the lethal infection of plasmodium berghei in mice. since mdp was the most effective non-fca adjuvant imparting a significant degree of protection, histopathological studies were undertaken in mice protected by using this adjuvant in comparison with mice suffering from acute malaria. the malarious mice revealed abnormalities of the liver, spleen and kidney, whereas these abnormalities were minimal in the mdp-immunized mi ...	1991	1824359
evaluation of ayush-64 for blood schizontocidal activity against rodent and simian malaria parasites.	ayush-64, a new herbal antimalarial drug developed by the central council for ayurveda and siddha, was evaluated for direct parasiticidal action against p. berghei and p. yoelii nigeriensis in swiss mice and p. cynomolgi b and p. knowlesi in rhesus monkeys. no blood schizontocidal activity could be demonstrated against any of the four malaria parasites.	1991	1824361
a cytochemical study of cerebrovascular lesions in mice infected with plasmodium berghei.	mice with a plasmodium berghei infection exhibit morphological and cytochemical changes in the blood-brain barrier. changes in activity and localization of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase, enzymes with important functions in the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, were observed. changes in activity and localization of those enzymes in and near the endothelial cells of the microvasculature, concomitant with an increase in pinocytotic activity, and formation of irregular cyto ...	1991	1827497
glomerular filtration rate and plasma solutes in balb/c mice infected with plasmodium berghei.	immune-complex glomerular nephritis (icgn) is known to develop during malarial infections, but little is known of its impact on renal function. a total of 24 male balb/c mice were infected with plasmodium berghei, and measurements of the glomerular filtration rate (gfr), parasitemia, and plasma solute concentrations were made on days 0, 7, 14, and 19 post-infection. identical observations were made on 24 uninfected controls. the gfr declined progressively in infected mice from a mean of 201 +/- ...	1991	1832494
resistance to malaria in ankyrin and spectrin deficient mice.	inbred mice carrying mutations in ankyrin and/or spectrin synthesis and assembly were studied for their ability to support the growth of the rodent malarias, plasmodium chabaudi adami and p. berghei, in vivo. mice carrying the nb/nb (normoblastosis) mutation which do not synthesize ankyrin and therefore also have a deficiency in membrane-bound spectrin, were refractory to p. chabaudi adami, which invades mature erythrocytes and to p. berghei, which invades reticulocytes. similarly, sph/sph mice ...	1991	1832936
t cell receptor genes in a series of class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte clones specific for a plasmodium berghei nonapeptide: implications for t cell allelic exclusion and antigen-specific repertoire.	we report here the first extensive study of a t cell repertoire for a class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response. we have found that the t cell receptors (tcrs) carried by 28 h-2kd-restricted ctl clones specific for a single plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite nonapeptide are highly diverse in terms of v alpha, j alpha, and j beta segments and aminoacid composition of the junctional regions. however, despite this extensive diversity, a high pr ...	1991	1836010