Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| characterization and partial purification of entomocin 110, a newly identified bacteriocin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus hd110. | a new bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus was identified. the antibacterial activity termed entomocin 110 was produced starting at mid-logarithmic growth phase, reaching its maximum at the early and during stationary phase. the bacteriocin obtained from culture supernatant was inhibitory to several gram-positive bacteria including listeria monocytogenes, paenibacillus larvae and other bacillus species. entomocin 110 was shown to be heat stable and resistant to ph va ... | 2008 | 19216106 |
| aptamer selection express: a novel method for rapid single-step selection and sensing of aptamers. | here we describe a new dna capture element (dce) sensing system, based on the quenching and dequenching of a double-stranded aptamer. this system shows very good sensitivity and thermal stability. while quenching, dequenching, and separating the dce systems made from different aptamers (all selected by selex), an alternative method to rapidly select aptamers was developed-the aptamer selection express (asexp). this process has been used to select aptamers against different types of targets (baci ... | 2008 | 19183794 |
| [response of bacteria to earthworm surface excreta]. | response of bacteria to the surface excreta of the aporrectodea caliginosa earthworm was studied. the excreta were obtained by a 1 h incubation of the earthworms in petri dishes with subsequent collection of the slime. both inhibition and stimulation of growth were revealed, as well as suppression of the respiratory activity of some bacterial species treated with a. caliginosa surface excreta. the organisms studied included various taxa of soil bacteria (19 strains), bacteria isolated from a. ca ... | 2008 | 19137725 |
| [soluble expression of aiia protein and analysis of its antimicrobial activity]. | ahls are signaling molecules produced by gram-negative bacterium during their proliferation. these molecules are closely related with bacteria pathogenicity. aiia protein, functioning as a intracellular lactonase, hydrolyses ahls at lactone loop in the molecule to reduce its biological activity and also dramatically reduces pathogenicity of bacterium at the same time. in this study, dna fragment encoding aiia gene was amplified from the plasmid derived from bacillus thuringiensis by pcr. express ... | 2008 | 19137818 |
| use of by-products rich in carbon and nitrogen as a nutrient source to produce bacillus thuringiensis (berliner)-based biopesticide. | the amount and sources of carbon and nitrogen used to produce bacillus thuringiensis (berliner)-based biopesticide may influence the quality of the final product. the objective of this research was to test different levels of carbon and nitrogen: medium 1 - 1.5% maize glucose + 0.5% soy flour, medium 2 - 3.0% maize glucose + 1.0% soy flour, medium 3 - 1.0% maize glucose + 3.0% soy flour and medium 4 - luria bertani (lb) + salts (feso4, znso4, mnso4, mgso4). the seed culture was produced in lb me ... | 2008 | 19169559 |
| riceland mosquito management practices for anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae. | two separate but related studies were conducted regarding management of anopheles quadrimaculatus larval populations in commercial rice fields near cleveland, ms, in 2004. study 1 was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 treatments of aerially applied ultra-low volume applications of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) against an. quadrimaculatus larvae in dense, high-canopy mid- to late-season rice crop. study 2 was to investigate the effect of preflood treatments of lambda-cyhalothrin ... | 2008 | 19181061 |
| efficacy of vectobac dt and culinexcombi against mosquito larvae in unused swimming pools in malindi, kenya. | the efficacy and persistence of 2 bacterial larvicides, vectobac-dt (bacillus thuringiensis israelensis [bti]) and culinexcombi (bti and bacillus sphaericus [bs]), were tested against anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus in temporarily unused swimming pools with rainwater in malindi, kenya. pre- and posttreatment larval densities were recorded by sampling with the standard who dipping technique for 8 consecutive days. the larvicides were applied to the pools with a knapsack sprayer. the ... | 2008 | 19181062 |
| [relationship between structure and function of loops from bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cry1ba]. | to indicate the relationship between structure and function of loops from bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cry1ba, and the influence of amino acids mutation on toxicity against diamond back moth plutella xylostella, five mutations at the loops of cry1ba were constructed by overlapping primer pcr, and expressed in e. coli bl21 (de3). bioassay results showed that the toxicity of mutation m1 (loop1: 340wsntr344-deletion), compared with that of cry1ba (lc50 0.96 microg/ml), decrea ... | 2008 | 19160848 |
| selective isolation of bacillus thuringiensis from soil by use of l-serine as minimal medium supplement. | the influence of l-serine on the growth of different strains of the genus bacillus was investigated. it has been observed that the addition of l-serine to minimal synthetic media results in an inhibition in the growth of certain strains of bacillus spp. but not b. thuringiensis. then l-serine-resistance phenomenon was used in isolation of b. thuringiensis strains from soil. an isolation method with media supplied with l-serine was compared to the previously applied procedure (isolation on nutrie ... | 2008 | 19275048 |
| kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for heat denaturation of cry1a(b) protein from transgenic maize (zea mays). | the effect of heat treatment on the denaturation of cry1a(b) protein expressed in transgenic maize was studied over a temperature range of 69 to 77 degrees c. denaturation of cry1a(b) protein was measured by the loss of reactivity with its specific antibodies using a sandwich elisa. the process of denaturation was studied by analyzing the values of inmunoreactive protein after each heat treatment by kinetic analysis. denaturation of cry1a(b) protein was best described assuming a reaction order o ... | 2008 | 19241533 |
| evaluation of larvicides in developing management guidelines for long-term control of pest blackflies (diptera: simuliidae) along the orange river, south africa. | in 2000 and 2001 orange river levels were higher than normal: associated serious outbreaks of blackfly had a substantial detrimental impact on the local economy. the poor control was attributed to the suspected development of larval resistance to temephos. a long-term solution to blackfly control, through the identification of a suitable replacement to temephos for use during high flow conditions, was proposed. this study, however, failed to identify or register a suitable larvicide for use duri ... | 2008 | 19294986 |
| bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic crop: an environment friendly insect-pest management strategy. | introduction of ddt (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) and following move towards indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical insecticides led to the contamination of water and food sources, poisoning of non-target beneficial insects and development of insect-pests resistant to the chemical insecticides. increased public concems about the adverse environmental effects of indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides prompted search of altemative methods for insect-pest control. one of the promising ... | 2008 | 19295059 |
| chitinases produced by paenibacillus illinoisensis and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. pakistani degrade nod factor from bradyrhizobium japonicum. | chitinases are enzymes that hydrolyze internal beta-1,4-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine linkages of chitin. since the backbone of nod factors is a chitin oligomer, we investigated whether chitinases produced by soil bacteria paenibacillus illinoisensis kja-424 and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. pakistani hd 395 are able to degrade nod factor produced by bradyrhizobium japonicum, a phenomenon that could disrupt b. japonicum-soybean signaling and nodule establishment when chitinases are present. purified no ... | 2008 | 16904303 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis immobilized on chromosorb 101: a new solid phase extractant for preconcentration of heavy metal ions in environmental samples. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis immobilized on chromosorb 101 that is a new solid phase extractor has been presented at this work for the preconcentration and separation of cadmium(ii), lead(ii), manganese(ii), chromium(iii), nickel(ii) and cobalt(ii) in environmental samples. the analytical parameters including ph of aqueous solutions, sample volume, eluent types, etc. were investigated for the quantitative recoveries of the analytes. the influences of the some metal ions as concomitant ... | 2008 | 17543450 |
| interactions of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin in genetically engineered cotton with predatory heteropterans. | a number of cotton varieties have been genetically transformed with genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to continuously produce bt endotoxins, offering whole plant and season-long protection against many lepidopteran larvae. constant whole-plant toxin expression creates a significant opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and bio-accumulate the toxin for higher trophic levels. in the present study we investigated movement of cry1ac toxin from the transgenic cotton plant through spec ... | 2008 | 17570072 |
| b. thuringiensis is a poor colonist of leaf surfaces. | the ability of several bacillus thuringiensis strains to colonize plant surfaces was assessed and compared with that of more common epiphytic bacteria. while all b. thuringiensis strains multiplied to some extent after inoculation on bean plants, their maximum epiphytic population sizes of 10(6) cfu/g of leaf were always much less than that achieved by other resident epiphytic bacteria or an epiphytically fit pseudomonas fluorescens strain, which attained population sizes of about 10(7) cfu/g of ... | 2008 | 17587074 |
| [effectiveness of aerial application of vectobac g larvicide granules against mosquitoes in the olomouc region in spring 2006]. | in the spring 2006, a flood emergency occurred in the olomouc region after a rapid snow thaw, with the formation of multiple periodic pools and overflows persisting for long periods. in the floodplain forests, as expected, mass occurrence of adult mosquitoes was observed, infesting the nearby villages. the mosquito emergency continued until august and mosquitoes of both the spring species, in particular, ochlerotatus cantans, and summer species were implicated in it. to control this emergency, a ... | 2007 | 17593805 |
| a highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of cry1ac insecticidal crystal protein in transgenic widestrike cotton. | a highly selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed for the quantitative detection of the cry1ac protein expressed in transgenic cotton. two cry1ac-specific monoclonal antibodies (mab), kbt and 158e6, were developed and selected to form a sandwich format elisa. the mab kbt was used as a capture antibody, and 158e6 was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and served as a detection antibody. the assay was optimized and validated with different cotton matrices. tissues ... | 2007 | 17595107 |
| a rice promoter containing both novel positive and negative cis-elements for regulation of green tissue-specific gene expression in transgenic plants. | the tissue-specific expression of transgenes is essential in plant breeding programmes to avoid the fitness costs caused by constitutive expression of a target gene. however, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of tissue-specific gene expression and practicable tissue-specific promoters is limited. in this study, we identified the cis-acting elements of a tissue-specific promoter from rice, p(d54o), and tested the application of original and modified p(d54o) and its cis-elements in the regulat ... | 2007 | 17596180 |
| the 20-kda protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis enhances bacillus sphaericus 2362 bin toxin synthesis. | improving the amount of protein endotoxins synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus per unit of culture medium is important because higher yields typically correlate with higher insecticidal activity per unit weight of spore/toxin mixtures. higher levels of synthesis can also result in larger crystals that could persist for longer periods in the environment. improving endotoxin production in b. thuringiensis can be achieved by manipulating genetic elements that regulate protein sy ... | 2007 | 17597341 |
| characterization of a highly pathogenic bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated from common cockchafer, melolontha melolontha. | a bacterial isolate (mm2) of melolontha melolontha was identified and characterized. based on various morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, it was identified as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. this isolate was compared to the reference strains by electron microscopy, sds-page analysis, plasmid pattern, cry gene content and insecticidal activity. cells of the isolate harbored flat square inclusions containing a protein component of approximately equal ... | 2007 | 17575913 |
| effect of bt cotton expressing cry1ac and cry2ab, non-bt cotton and starvation on survival and development of trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | effects of bollgard ii cotton containing two bacillus thuringensis var. kurstaki berliner (bt) toxin proteins (cry1ac and cry2ab), non-bt cotton (dpl 491) and starvation on survival and development of cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner), were determined in the laboratory. larvae of the first four larval instars died when they fed on the terminal leaves of bt cotton plants at 50 days after planting (dap). however, 51.3% of fifth instars that fed on 50 dap bt cotton leaves pupated, and 87.1% ... | 2007 | 17421053 |
| [expression and identification of cry 1ie in bacillus coli]. | in this study, cry1ie expressed protein in the transgenic cry1ie maize was used as a model protein to establish a technical platform for the safety assessment of other genetically modified plants. | 2007 | 17424848 |
| toxicity of chromobacterium subtsugae to southern green stink bug (heteroptera: pentatomidae) and corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | diabrotica spp. (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) beetles and southern green stink bugs, nezara viridula (l.) (heteroptera: pentatomidae), are pests on corn, zea mays l., and soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., as well as on cucurbits. control of these insects has depended on chemicals. an alternative to chemical control is the use of biologicals. use of bacteria, fungi, viruses, pheromones, and metabolites to control these insects can potentially improve resistance management and reduce pesticide use. o ... | 2007 | 17598525 |
| resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab in a strain of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in australia. | transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., expressing the crylac and cry2ab genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner variety kurstaki in a pyramid (bollgard ii) was widely planted for the first time in australia during the 2004-2005 growing season. before the first commercial bollgard ii crops, limited amounts of cotton expressing only the crylac gene (ingard) was grown for seven seasons. no field failures due to resistance to crylac toxin were observed during that period and a monitoring ... | 2007 | 17598553 |
| mating compatibility among helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) occurring on selected host plants and bt cotton survivors. | helicoverpa armigera (hiibner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a well-known polyphagous insect pest. mating compatibility among the insects occurring on different host plants is essential for free gene flow among populations. we tested the extent of crossability and fecundity of the insects that survived on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton with those occurring on pigeon pea, cajanus cajun (l.) millsp., non-bt cotton, gossypium hirsutum l.; sunflower, helianthus annuus; sorghum, sorghum bicolor l. ... | 2007 | 17598554 |
| cross-resistance studies of cry1ac-resistant strains of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry2ab. | bioassays and binding tests between cry toxins (crylaa, crylab, crylac, and cry2ab) and brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) from larvae of a bacillus thurningiensis (bt)-susceptible (96s) and two crylac-resistant strains (btr and lfr10) were conducted for investigating cross-resistance of crylac-resistant strains to cry2ab in helicoverpa armigera (hiibner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). the resistance ratio (rr) values of the btr and lfr10 strains to crylac and cry2ab were 2,971- and 1.1-fold and ... | 2007 | 17598555 |
| susceptibility of bollworm and tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry2ab2 insecticidal protein. | susceptibilities of 82 bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and 44 tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), populations to cry2ab2 protein were measured in diet incorporated assays at the university of arkansas from 2002 to 2005. resulting data were used to calculate overall (pooled data) estimates of species susceptibility for future benchmarks of resistance. variabilities among populations also were studied by comparing regressions for individual populations and calcu ... | 2007 | 17598557 |
| indicated detection of two unapproved transgenic rice lines contaminating vermicelli products. | we analyzed the dna fragments extracted from four rice vermicelli products. the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice line, which has a construct similar to the gm shanyou 63 line, was detected in some vermicelli products by identification of the junction region sequence between rice act1 promoter and the cry1ac gene, and that between cry1ac and nos. in addition, we also detected a different bt rice line by means of the junction region sequence between the maize ubiquitin promoter and cry1ab gene and ... | 2007 | 17608495 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxin binding novel gpi anchored aminopeptidase from fat body of the moth spodoptera litura. | aminopeptidase n (apn) isoforms were identified as candidate receptors for bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins from the midgut of several insect species. in this study a partial cdna encoding aminopeptidase (slfbapn) was cloned from fat body of the moth spodoptera litura. in the deduced amino acid sequence the characteristic metallopeptidase sequences, hexxhx(18)e and gamenwg were conserved but the sequence showed only 33-39% identity to other insect apns, which were also reported to be cry toxin ... | 2007 | 17609853 |
| effects of quorum sensing autoinducer degradation gene on virulence and biofilm formation of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the aiia gene from bacillus thuringiensis was cloned into the pseudomonas/e. coli shuttle vector and transformed into pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao1. western blotting showed that the aiia protein was expressed in pao1. after induction by iptg for 6 h and 18 h, expression of the aiia gene in pao1 completely degraded the quorum sensing autoinducers n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls): n-oxododecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (oddhl) and n-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (bhl). the reduced amount of ahls ... | 2007 | 17609896 |
| [monitoring of pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic bt cotton]. | by the methods of pollen grain dyeing and pcr analysis, this paper measured the distance and intensity of pollen dispersal, and determined the frequency of gene flow (fgf) of transgenic bt cotton. the results showed that the frequency of pollen dispersal (fpd) among flowers was significantly higher on the same cotton plant than on different ones (p < 0.01). the average fpd at a distance of 1 m from the dyed bt cotton plot to its east, south, west and north was estimated to be 44.8%, 48.9%, 57.1% ... | 2007 | 17615875 |
| the status of gm rice r&d in china. | 2007 | 17621287 | |
| a membrane associated metalloprotease cleaves cry3aa bacillus thuringiensis toxin reducing pore formation in colorado potato beetle brush border membrane vesicles. | insect proteases are implicated in bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins mode of action determining toxin specificity and sensitivity. few data are available on the involvement of proteases in the later steps of toxicity such as protease interaction with toxin-receptor complexes and the pore formation process. in this study, a colorado potato beetle (cpb) midgut membrane metalloprotease was found to be involved in the proteolytic processing of cry3aa. interaction of cry3aa with bbmv membr ... | 2007 | 17643388 |
| evidence for positive darwinian selection of vip gene in bacillus thuringiensis. | vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips), produced during the vegetative stage of their growth in bacillus thuringiensis, are a group of insecticidal proteins and represent the second generation of insecticidal trans-genes that will complement the novel delta-endotoxins in future. fewer structural and functional relationships of vip proteins are known in comparison with those of delta-endotoxins. in this study, both the maximum-likelihood methods and the maximum parsimony based sliding window ana ... | 2007 | 17643951 |
| acute, sublethal and combination effects of azadirachtin and bacillus thuringiensis toxins on helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae. | the efficacy of neem (1500 ppm azadirachtin (ai)), delfin wg, a biological insecticide based on selected strain of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) subspecies kurstaki, and cry1ac protein, either individually or in combination, were examined against first to fourth instar helicoverpa armigera (hübner) larvae. using an oral administration method, various growth inhibitory concentrations (ec) and lethal concentrations (lc) were determined for each bioagent. combinations of sublethal concentrat ... | 2007 | 17645816 |
| a new cry toxin with a unique two-component dependency from bacillus sphaericus. | highly pathogenic strains of bacillus sphaericus produce the mosquitocidal bin proteins, but resistance to this toxin can be produced under laboratory and field conditions. analysis of strains able to overcome this resistance revealed the presence of a previously undescribed type of two-component toxin. one subunit, cry48aa1, is related to the 3-domain crystal toxins of bacillus thuringiensis. uniquely for this type of protein, insect toxicity is only achieved in the presence of a second, access ... | 2007 | 17646596 |
| [experimental models for creation of transgenic plants resistant to stress factors]. | experimental models of the potato primary transgenic plants which express the hybrid gene cry3am-licbm2 have been created. modecular analysis and the biotests of the experimental models allow proposing a new system of cry genes expression in plants. the system is based on the expression of hybrid genes possessing the sequence of reporter lichenase gene and the use as a regulator element of a light-induced promoter providing preferential expression of the controled genes only in green plant tissu ... | 2007 | 17649623 |
| comparative study on effect of different promoters on expression of cry1ac in bacillus thuringiensis chromosome. | the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of cry3a promoter on the expression of cry1ac in bacillus thuringiensis chromosome and stably enhance the production of different cry genes under the control of cry3a promoter. | 2007 | 17650206 |
| [effects of transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin on population increase of rhopalosiphum maidis fitch]. | a laboratory study was made on the effects of transgenic corn expressing cry1ab toxin from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) on the life table of an experimental population of corn leaf aphid rhopalosiphum maidis fitch. the results showed that no obvious negative effects of two bt corn hybrids dk647bty (event mon810) and nx4777 (event bt11) were observed on the net reproductive rate, average generation time, innate capacity for increase, and finite rate of increase of r. maidis, and ther ... | 2007 | 17650861 |
| analysis of cry gene profiles in bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated during epizootics in cydia pomonella l. | the crystal morphology and the profiles of genes encoding protein toxins (cry and cyt) were analyzed in 12 bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated during epizootics in laboratory culture lines of cydia pomonella, 2 isolates cultured from leucoma salicis larvae, and 9 reference strains. epizootic isolates produced crystals of the same bipyramidal shape; however, they revealed a variety of number and type of cry genes. genes cry1i, cry2ab, and cry9b were the most frequently observed in epizootic s ... | 2007 | 17657530 |
| modeling of growth and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis in an intermittent fed batch culture with total cell retention. | an extended dynamical model for growth and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in an intermittent fed-batch culture with total cell retention is proposed. this model differs from reported models, by including dynamics for natural death of cells and substrate consumption for cell maintenance. the proposed model uses sigmoid functions to describe these kinetic parameters. equations for time evolution of substrate, vegetative, sporulated and total cell concentration were taken fro ... | 2007 | 17659391 |
| no evidence of an impact on the rhizosphere diazotroph community by the expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin by bt white spruce. | nitrogen fixation is one of the most important roles played by soil bacterial communities, as fixation supplies nitrogen to many ecosystems which are often n limited. as impacts on this functional group of bacteria might harm the ecosystem's health and reduce productivity, monitoring that particular group is important. recently, a field trial with bt white spruce, which constitutively expresses the cry1ab insecticidal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis, was established. the bt white spruce was show ... | 2007 | 17660307 |
| larvicidal activities against agricultural pests of transgenic escherichia coli expressing combinations of four genes from bacillus thuringiensis. | the genes cry1ac and cry1ca from bacillus thuringiensis subsps. kurstaki hd-73 and aizawai 4j4, respectively, encoding delta-endotoxins against lepidopteran larvae were isolated, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, with and without cyt1aa (encoding cytolytic protein) and p20 (accessory protein) from subsp. israelensis. nine combinations of the genes under control of an early t7, p a1 inducible promoter, produced the encoding proteins. toxicities were examined against larvae of three major ... | 2007 | 17665174 |
| biology and taxonomy of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, and bacillus thuringiensis. | three species of the bacillus cereus group (bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, and bacillus thuringiensis) have a marked impact on human activity. bacillus cereus and b. anthracis are important pathogens of mammals, including humans, and b. thuringiensis is extensively used in the biological control of insects. the microbiological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of these three species are reviewed, together with a discussion of several genomic studies conducted on strains of b. cereu ... | 2007 | 17668027 |
| characterization of bacillus and pseudomonas strains with suppressive traits isolated from tomato hydroponic-slow filtration unit. | bacillus and pseudomonas spp. are known to be involved in plant pathogenic fungi elimination during the slow filtration process used in tomato soilless cultures. we isolated 6-8 strains of both bacillus and pseudomonas from the top, middle, and bottom sections of filters and identified them after 16s rdna sequencing. four pseudomonas strains were identified as pseudomonas fulva, 5 as pseudomonas plecoglossicida, and 12 as pseudomonas putida. the use of specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain r ... | 2007 | 17668039 |
| [detection of some toxin genes related to pathogenicity in bacillus cereus group strains]. | bacillus thuringiensis is a member of the b. cereus group, which also contains b. cereus, b. mycoides, b. pseudomycoides , b. anthracis and b. weihenstephanensis. among them, b. thuringiensis and b. cereus share a high level chromosomal similarity and are phenotypically similar except that b. thuringiensis has insecticidal plasmid encoding crystal proteins. twenty-six b. cereus group strains were surveyed in this study for the presence of enterotoxin genes and other toxin genes related to pathog ... | 2007 | 17672293 |
| [the synergism between mtx1 from bacillus sphaericus and cyt1 aa from bacillus thuringiensis to culex quinquefasciatus]. | mosquitocidal toxin 1 (mtx1) was synthesized during vegetative phase of bacillus sphaericus and it had been proved to have higher activity to aedes spp. larvae and binary toxin (bin) resistance culex larvae. the truncated 97 kda mtx1 with a deletion of the signal peptide and the cyt1 aa crystal protein, a 27.3 kda delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti), were purified from escherichia coli and b. thuringiensis recombinant strains respectively. both purified toxins ha ... | 2007 | 17672305 |
| [display of avian influenza virus nucleoprotein on bacillus thuringiensis cell surface]. | s-layer protein ctc surface display system of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was used to test the possibility of displaying avian influenza virus nucleoprotein (np) on bt cell surface. four recombinant plasmids were constructed by replacing 3'-terminal or central part below the surface anchor sequence slh of s-layer protein gene ctc with full length of np gene or part np gene (npp). the four resulting plasmids were psnp (harboring fusion gene ctc-np), pcsa-snp (harboring fusion gene csa-ctc-up, csa ... | 2007 | 17672311 |
| bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cyt1aa enhances activity of cry11aa toxin by facilitating the formation of a pre-pore oligomeric structure. | bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (bti) has been used worldwide for the control of dipteran insect pests. this bacterium produces several cry and cyt toxins that individually show activity against mosquitoes but together show synergistic effect. previous work demonstrated that cyt1aa synergizes the toxic activity of cry11aa by functioning as a membrane-bound receptor. in the case of cry toxins active against lepidopteran insects, receptor interaction triggers the formation of a pre-pore ol ... | 2007 | 17672866 |
| complete genomic sequence and mass spectrometric analysis of highly diverse, atypical bacillus thuringiensis phage 0305phi8-36. | to investigate the apparent genomic complexity of long-genome bacteriophages, we have sequenced the 218,948-bp genome (6479-bp terminal repeat), and identified the virion proteins (55), of bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage 0305phi8-36. phage 0305phi8-36 is an atypical myovirus with three large curly tail fibers. an accurate mode of dna pyrosequencing was used to sequence the genome and mass spectrometry was used to accomplish the comprehensive virion protein survey. advanced informatic techni ... | 2007 | 17673272 |
| effects of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab on membrane currents of isolated cells of the ruminal epithelium. | a previous study has shown that cry1ab, a lepidopteran-specific toxin derived from bacillus thuringiensis, does not affect the vitality of cultured cells of the ruminal epithelium of the sheep. while this may be due to lack of specific receptors for toxin action, other mechanisms of resistance should also be considered. in order to directly assess the pore-forming potential of cry1ab, we studied the interaction of this toxin with isolated, perfused cells of the ruminal epithelium using the whole ... | 2007 | 17676405 |
| two conformational states of the membrane-associated bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba delta-endotoxin complex revealed by electron crystallography: implications for toxin-pore formation. | the insecticidal nature of cry delta-endotoxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis is generally believed to be caused by their ability to form lytic pores in the midgut cell membrane of susceptible insect larvae. here we have analyzed membrane-associated structures of the 65-kda dipteran-active cry4ba toxin by electron crystallography. the membrane-associated toxin complex was crystallized in the presence of dmpc via detergent dialysis. depending upon the charge of the adsorbed surface, 2d cryst ... | 2007 | 17681273 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins to brush border membrane vesicles of midgut from cry1ac susceptible and resistant plutella xylostella. | plutella xylostella strain resistant (pxr) to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin was not killed at even more than 1000 microg cry1ac/g diet but killed by cry1ab at 0.5 microg/g diet. in contrast, susceptible strain (pxs) was killed by cry1ac at 1 microg/g diet. cy3-labeld cry1a(s) binding to brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) prepared from both strains were analyzed with direct binding assay. the kd value of cry1aa to both bbmv was almost identical: 213.2 and 205.8 nm, and 263.5 and 265.0 nm ... | 2007 | 17543562 |
| [changes in diversity of culturable microorganisms on leaf surface of transgenic bt cotton]. | in a field study, the quantitative changes of bacterial, actinomycetic and fungal populations on the leaf surface of transgenic bt cotton (gk-12) and non-transgenic bt cotton (simian no. 3) were monitored at seedling, squaring, flowering and boll-opening stages, respectively, and the diversity of bacterial physiological groups was analyzed at flowering and boll-opening stages. the results showed that there was a positive correlation between the quantity of culturable microorganisms and the devel ... | 2007 | 17552191 |
| [expression of mosquitocidal cyt1aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in asticcacaulis excentricus]. | asticcacaulis excentricus, who lives in upper-layer waters providing food resource to the mosquito larvae and has been proven to be a successful host to produce the mosquitocidal binary toxins or cry11aa toxin from bacilli (liu et al., 1996, nat biotech 14: 343; armengol, et al. , 2005, curr microbiol 51: 430), was developed to express cyt1aa gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti). two a. excentricus transformants were constructed with the attempt of producing cytlaa alone and ... | 2007 | 17552223 |
| role of receptors in bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin activity. | bacillus thuringiensis produces crystalline protein inclusions with insecticidal or nematocidal properties. these crystal (cry) proteins determine a particular strain's toxicity profile. transgenic crops expressing one or more recombinant cry toxins have become agriculturally important. individual cry toxins are usually toxic to only a few species within an order, and receptors on midgut epithelial cells have been shown to be critical determinants of cry specificity. the best characterized of th ... | 2007 | 17554045 |
| characterization of a small plcr-regulated gene co-expressed with cereolysin o. | in the human pathogen bacillus cereus, the expression of most extracellular virulence factors is controlled by the transcriptional activator plcr. among these virulence factors, cereolysin o (clo) is an haemolysin belonging to the cholesterol-dependant cytolysins, a protein family extensively studied in gram-positive bacteria. | 2007 | 17555563 |
| microbial larvicides for malaria control in the gambia. | mosquito larval control may prove to be an effective tool for incorporating into integrated vector management (ivm) strategies for reducing malaria transmission. here the efficacy of microbial larvicides against anopheles gambiae s.l. was tested in preparation for a large-scale larviciding programme in the gambia. | 2007 | 17555570 |
| a meta-analysis of effects of bt cotton and maize on nontarget invertebrates. | although scores of experiments have examined the ecological consequences of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops, debates continue regarding the nontarget impacts of this technology. quantitative reviews of existing studies are crucial for better gauging risks and improving future risk assessments. to encourage evidence-based risk analyses, we constructed a searchable database for nontarget effects of bt crops. a meta-analysis of 42 field experiments indicates that nontarget invertebrate ... | 2007 | 17556584 |
| leucine transport is affected by bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins in brush border membrane vesicles from ostrinia nubilalis hb (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre (lepidoptera: noctuidae) midgut. | the pore-forming activity of cry1ab, cry1fa and cry1ca toxins and their interaction with leucine transport mediated by the k(+)/leucine cotransporter were studied in brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) isolated from the midgut of ostrinia nubilalis and sesamia nonagrioides. in both species, as in other lepidoptera, leucine uptake by bbmvs can take place in the absence of cations, but it can also be driven by a k(+) gradient. experiments with the voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye 3,3'-diethylt ... | 2007 | 17558532 |
| structurally conserved aromaticity of tyr249 and phe264 in helix 7 is important for toxicity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin. | functional elements of the conserved helix 7 in the poreforming domain of the bacillus thuringiensis cry delta- endotoxins have not yet been clearly identified. here, we initially performed alanine substitutions of four highly conserved aromatic residues, trp(243), phe(246), tyr(249) and phe(264), in helix 7 of the cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein. all mutant toxins were overexpressed in escherichia coli as 130-kda protoxins at levels comparable to the wild-type. bioassays against stegomyia ae ... | 2007 | 17394765 |
| differentiation of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) method was developed for discriminating bacillus anthracis from b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. a worldwide collection of 25 b. anthracis isolates showed high-profile homology, and these isolates were unambiguously distinguished from b. cereus and b. thuringiensis isolates by cluster analysis of the whole-genome macrorestriction enzyme digestion patterns generated by noti. | 2007 | 17400781 |
| a novel aminopeptidase in the fat body of the moth achaea janata as a receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins and its comparison with midgut aminopeptidase. | bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins bind to cell-surface receptors which represent a family of aminopeptidases [apn (aminopeptidase n)] present on the brush border membrane of insect midgut cells of susceptible insects leading to pore formation and death of the insect. we report here for the first time the presence of a novel apn in the fat body of the moth achaea janata. northern blotting detected at least one apn-specific transcript in the fat body, whereas two transcripts of ... | 2007 | 17402938 |
| toward metrological traceability for dna fragment ratios in gm quantification. 1. effect of dna extraction methods on the quantitative determination of bt176 corn by real-time pcr. | an international ccqm-p60 pilot study involving eight national metrological institutes was organized to investigate if the quantification of genetically modified (gm) corn powder by real-time pcr was affected by the dna extraction method applied. four commonly used extraction methods were compared for the extraction of dna from a gm bt176 corn powder. the ctab-based method yielded the highest dna template quantity and quality. a difference in the 260 nm/230 nm absorbance ratio was observed among ... | 2007 | 17407305 |
| toward metrological traceability for dna fragment ratios in gm quantification. 2. systematic study of parameters influencing the quantitative determination of mon 810 corn by real-time pcr. | this paper is part of a set of three papers investigating metrological traceability of the quantification of dna fragments as, for instance, used for quantification of genetic modifications. this paper evaluates the possible impact of several factors on results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) measurements. it was found that the particle size of the powder samples does not have an influence, whereas the nature of the calibrant (plasmidic or genomic dna) has a significant effect. more ... | 2007 | 17407306 |
| toward metrological traceability for dna fragment ratios in gm quantification. 3. suitability of dna calibrants studied with a mon 810 corn model. | the quantification of gmos by real-time pcr relies on an external calibrant. in this paper the suitability of two dna calibrants, genomic dna from plant leaves and plasmidic dna, was investigated. the pcr efficiencies, the correlation coefficients of the calibration curves, and the ratios between pcr efficiencies of transgenic and endogenous sequences were compared for both calibrants using 59 data sets produced by 43 laboratories. there were no significant differences between plasmidic and geno ... | 2007 | 17407307 |
| adjuvant effects of crystal proteins from a mexican strain of bacillus thuringiensis on the mouse humoral response. | in this study, we determined the adjuvant effects of the crystal (cry) proteins, p130, p98, and p64-62, on the immune response of mice to both sheep red blood cells (srbc) and ovalbumin (ova). the administration of p130, p98, and p64-62 cry proteins to balb/c mice induced a significant (p<0.01) increase in the production of anti-srbc antibody-secreting cells (asc). the p64-62 cry proteins demonstrated the best ability to induce the production of iga and igg antibodies to srbc (p<0.05), and igm, ... | 2007 | 17408965 |
| evaluation of bt-toxin uptake by the non-target herbivore, myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae), feeding on transgenic oilseed rape. | as consequence of the concern about the biosafety of genetically modified plants, biological and ecological studies are considered crucial for environmental risk assessment. laboratory experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the transfer of the cry1ac bt-toxin from a transgenic bt-oilseed rape to a non-target pest, myzus persicae sulzer. cry1ac protein levels in plants and aphids were determined using a double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. phloem sap from (bt+) and (bt-) ... | 2007 | 17411484 |
| bitrophic and tritrophic effects of bt cry3a transgenic potato on beneficial, non-target, beetles. | insect-resistant transgenic plants have been suggested to have unpredictable effects on the biodiversity of the agro-ecosystem, including potential effects on insect natural enemies, beneficial in control of crop pests. whilst carnivorous as adults, many of these predators may also consume plant tissues, in particular plant pollen and nectar. coleoptera are important in terms of agro-ecological research not only because of the large number of species in this order, but also because of their role ... | 2007 | 17415673 |
| binding of cyt1aa and cry11aa toxins of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis to brush border membrane vesicles of tipula paludosa (diptera: nematocera) and subsequent pore formation. | bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) produces four insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) (cry4a, cry4b, cry11a, and cyt1a). toxicity of recombinant b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strains expressing only one of the toxins was determined with first instars of tipula paludosa (diptera: nematocera). cyt1a was the most toxic protein, whereas cry4a, cry4b, and cry11a were virtually nontoxic. synergistic effects were recorded when cry4a and/or cry4b was c ... | 2007 | 17416690 |
| exposing cryptic antibacterial activity in cyt1ca from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis by genetic manipulations. | in an attempt to endow cyt1ca with cyt1aa-like antibacterial activity, both derived from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, two amino acids were replaced, e117v and n125a, so as to raise the hydrophobicity of the corresponding region, considered to be the membrane-active motif. the clones obtained included multiple repeats of vievlksllgiala, corresponding to head-to-tail polymerization of the primer, translated in frame with cyt1ca. these versions of cyt1ca caused instant arrest in bioma ... | 2007 | 17418824 |
| [a prediction model for the activity of insecticidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis based on support vector machine]. | a quantitative structure-property relationship (qspr) model in terms of amino acid composition and the activity of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins was established. support vector machine (svm) is a novel general machine-learning tool based on the structural risk minimization principle that exhibits good generalization when fault samples are few; it is especially suitable for classification, forecasting, and estimation in cases where small amounts of samples are involved such ... | 2007 | 17366901 |
| a beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase and brainiac/bre5 homolog expressed in the midgut did not contribute to a cry1ab toxin resistance trait in ostrinia nubilalis. | post-translational glycosylation of midgut epithelial protein and lipid receptors may be required prior to binding of activated bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins. a 931bp cdna encoding a putative 297-residue beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3galt5) was cloned from larval ostrinia nubilalis midgut tissue, and showed homology to drosophila brainiac (brn) and caenorhabditis elegans bre5 proteins. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were detected in coding and promoter regions of o. nubil ... | 2007 | 17368198 |
| sublethal effects of mosquito larvicides on swimming performance of larvivorous fish melanotaenia duboulayi (atheriniformes: melanotaeniidae). | laboratory studies were conducted to determine the sublethal effects of exposure to selected larvicides on the critical swimming speed (ucrit) of crimson-spotted rainbowfish, melanotaenia duboulayi (castlenau). this native fish is common throughout southeastern queensland, and it is increasingly being distributed as a biological control agent of mosquitoes. the selected larvicides included, two organophosphate (op) compounds (temephos and pirimiphos-methyl), two microbial larvicides (bacillus th ... | 2007 | 17370810 |
| sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) resistance to transgenic bacillus thuringiensis maize. | transgenic maize, zea mays l., expressing the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crylab toxin has been planted to extensive areas across the united states and several other countries, but no resistance has been documented in field populations oflepidopteran target pests. this article describes the first report of resistance alleles to commercially available cry1ab bt maize in a louisiana population of sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae). two hundred thirteen two-parent i ... | 2007 | 17370824 |
| resistance to tecia solanivora (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) in three transgenic andean varieties of potato expressing bacillus thuringiensis crylac protein. | transgenic potato, solanum tuberosum l., plants containing a synthetic cry1ac gene coding for the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystalline insecticidal protein were produced and evaluated for resistance to tecia solanivora povolny (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), the larvae of which attack potato tubers. in total, 43 transgenic lines of commercial andean potato varieties diacol capiro, pardo pastusa, and pandeazúcar were obtained. these transgenic lines were found to have one to four copies of cry1ac ... | 2007 | 17370825 |
| cross-resistance responses of crylac-selected heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to the bacillus thuringiensis protein vip3a. | one susceptible and three cry1ac-resistant strains of tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were used in laboratory studies to determine the level of cross-resistance between the bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) toxins cry1ac and vip3a by using concentration-mortality and leaf tissue experiments. concentration-mortality data demonstrated that the three cry1ac-resistant h. virescens strains, yhd2, kcbhyb, and cxc, were at least 215- to 316-fold resistant to cry1ac c ... | 2007 | 17370826 |
| a polymerase chain reaction screen of field populations of heliothis virescens for a retrotransposon insertion conferring resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin. | the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crop plants producing insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner poses a continuing threat to their sustainable use in agriculture. one component of the u.s.-wide resistance management plan for bt cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., involves monitoring the frequency of resistance alleles in field populations. however, existing methods are expensive and may not detect recessive resistance alleles until their frequencies are too high for ... | 2007 | 17370827 |
| frequency of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin crylab in greek and spanish population of sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the high-dose/refuge strategy is considered as the main strategy for delaying resistance in target pests to genetically modified crops that produce insecticidal proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis berliner. this strategy is based on a key assumption that resistance alleles are initially rare (<10(-3)). to test this assumption, we used an f2 screen on natural populations of sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from greece and spain. in total, 75 lines from greece and 85 ... | 2007 | 17370828 |
| potentiating effect of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki on pathogenicity of entomopathogenic bacterium xenorhabdus nematophila k1 against diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | xenorhabdus nematophila is the symbiotic bacterium of an entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae. when the nematode enters a target insect, the symbiotic bacteria are released into the hemocoel. after inducing host immunosuppression, the bacteria multiply in the hemocoel and cause fatal septicemia. for optimal field application to control insect pests, culturing mass numbers of the nematodes would be costly. in this study, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was chosen as an alternative natur ... | 2007 | 17370835 |
| standard practice for bulk sample collection and swab sample collection of visible powders suspected of being biological agents from nonporous surfaces: collaborative study. | the draft astm standard, "standard practice for bulk sample collection and swab sample collection of visible powders suspected of being biological agents from nonporous surfaces," was validated in a collaborative study consisting of 6 teams comprised of civil support personnel and first responders, 2 levels of bacillus anthracis sterne and bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki spores, and 7 nonporous surfaces. the sample collection standard includes collection of the bulk sample (method a) using a dry ... | 2007 | 17373464 |
| culturable bacteria present in the fluid of the hooded-pitcher plant sarracenia minor based on 16s rdna gene sequence data. | the culturable microbial community within the pitcher fluid of 93 sarracenia minor carnivorous plants was examined over a 2-year study. many aspects of the plant/bacterial/insect interaction within the pitcher fluid are minimally understood because the bacterial taxa present in these pitchers have not been identified. thirteen isolates were characterized by 16s rdna sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. the proteobacteria were the most abundant taxa and included representatives from s ... | 2007 | 17380356 |
| effect of bovicin hc5 on growth and spore germination of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis isolated from spoiled mango pulp. | to use bovicin hc5 to inhibit predominant bacteria isolated from spoiled mango pulp. | 2007 | 17381743 |
| kinetics of pore formation by the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac. | after binding to specific receptors, cry toxins form pores in the midgut apical membrane of susceptible insects. the receptors could form part of the pore structure or simply catalyze pore formation and consequently be recycled. to discriminate between these possibilities, the kinetics of pore formation in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from manduca sexta was studied with an osmotic swelling assay. pore formation, as deduced from changes in membrane permeability induced by cry1ac during ... | 2007 | 17382289 |
| bacillus thuringiensis pulmonary infection: critical role for bacterial membrane-damaging toxins and host neutrophils. | the occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis bacteremia in a neutropenic patient suffering from severe pulmonary disease addressed the question of whether the aggressive behavior of b. thuringiensis depended on the host status and/or on the membrane-damaging toxins the isolate produced. after intratracheal injection, balb/c mice developed pneumonia followed by fatal dissemination into deep organs, with mice rendered neutropenic by cyclophosphamide injection being extremely more susceptible to infect ... | 2007 | 17387030 |
| a fundamental regulatory role of formate on thuringiensin production by resting cell of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-032. | in this work, a fundamental regulatory role of formate on thuringiensin production by resting cell of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-032 was investigated. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh) production and formate dehydrogenase activity increased with formate addition from 0.5 to 2.0 g/l, respectively. however, with the formate addition of 1.5 g/l, the activities of pyruvate kinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase reached a peak and increased by 316 and 150% relative to those of the contro ... | 2007 | 17387519 |
| difference between the spore sizes of bacillus anthracis and other bacillus species. | to determine the size distribution of the spores of bacillus anthracis, and compare its size with other bacillus species grown and sporulated under similar conditions. | 2007 | 17241334 |
| high level of soluble expression in escherichia coli and characterisation of the cloned bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba domain iii fragment. | similar to the other known structures of bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins, the crystal structure of the 65-kda activated cry4ba toxin comprises three domains which are, from the n- to c-terminus, a bundle of alpha-helices, a three-beta-sheet domain, and a beta-sandwich. to investigate the properties of the c-terminal domain iii in isolation from the rest of the toxin, the cloned cry4ba-domain iii was over-expressed as a 21-kda soluble protein in escherichia coli, which cross-reacted w ... | 2007 | 17244483 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac to multiple sites of cadherin in pink bollworm. | toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used for pest control. in particular, bt toxin cry1ac produced by transgenic cotton kills some key lepidopteran pests. we found that cry1ac binds to recombinant peptides corresponding to extracellular regions of a cadherin protein (btr) in a major cotton pest, pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella) (pbw). in conjunction with previous results showing that pbw resistance to cry1ac is linked with mutations in the btr gene, the results reported he ... | 2007 | 17244539 |
| altered gene expression in choristoneura fumiferana and manduca sexta in response to sublethal intoxication by bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin. | in order to understand how lepidopteran insects react physiologically to bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin ingestion, transcriptional profiling of choristoneura fumiferana larvae exposed to sublethal doses of cry1ab protoxin were monitored using a c. fumiferana-specific cdna microarray derived from a protoxin-specific subtractive library. differential gene expression occurred primarily between 2 and 5 h postingestion. metabolic enzymes such as lipases and proteases were generally repressed, w ... | 2007 | 17257206 |
| of spore opsonization and passive protection against anthrax. | 2007 | 17259600 | |
| method of measuring bacillus anthracis spores in the presence of copious amounts of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus. | a sensitive and reliable method for the detection of bacillus anthracis (ba; sterne strain 7702) spores in presence of large amounts of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and bacillus cereus (bc) is presented based on a novel pzt-anchored piezoelectric excited millimeter-sized cantilever (papemc) sensor with a sensing area of 1.5 mm2. antibody (anti-ba) specific to ba spores was immobilized on the sensing area and exposed to various samples of ba, bt, and bc containing the same concentration of ba at 3 ... | 2007 | 17263347 |
| fluorescence assay based on aptamer-quantum dot binding to bacillus thuringiensis spores. | a novel assay was developed for the detection of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) spores. the assay is based on the fluorescence observed after binding an aptamer-quantum dot conjugate to bt spores. the in vitro selection and amplification technique called selex (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) was used in order to identify the dna aptamer sequence specific for bt. the 60 base aptamer was then coupled to fluorescent zinc sulfide-capped, cadmium selenide quantum dots (qd). t ... | 2007 | 17265180 |
| structural characterisation of the insecticidal toxin xpta1, reveals a 1.15 mda tetramer with a cage-like structure. | a recently identified class of proteins conferring insecticidal activity to several bacteria within the enterobacteriaceae family have potential for control of commercially important insect pests. here, we report the first purification, biophysical characterisation and 3-d structural analysis of one of the toxin components, xpta1, from xenorhabdus nematophila pmfi296 to a resolution of 23 a. membrane binding studies indicate that the three-component toxin system has a different mode of action fr ... | 2007 | 17266984 |
| increased response to cadmium and bacillus thuringiensis maize toxicity in the snail helix aspersa infected by the nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. | to determine the effect of nematode infection on the response of snails to selected toxins, we infected helix aspersa with 0-, 0.25-, 1-, or 4-fold the recommended field dose of a commercial nematode application for agricultural use. in the first experiment, the snails also were exposed to cadmium via food and soil at concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg in a full-factorial design. in the second experiment, snails were infected with nematodes and also fed either bt (expressing bacillus ... | 2007 | 17269462 |
| differential sensitivity to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and temephos in field mosquito populations of ochlerotatus cataphylla (diptera: culicidae): toward resistance? | in the present study, four populations of the same field mosquito species, ochlerotatus cataphylla, were sampled over the rh6ne-alpes region (france), and their respective sensitivity to the organophosphate temephos and the bacterio-insecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) was measured. the results obtained in toxicological tests showed significant differences in the larval sensitivities of the four populations for both insecticides. these differences appeared to be related to t ... | 2007 | 17269473 |
| a fundamental dual regulatory role of citrate on the biosyntheses of thuringiensin and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in bacillus thuringiensis ybt-032. | the production of alpha-ketoglutarate, adenine, thuringiensin production rate and thuringiensin yield on glucose consumed increased by 22%, 36%, 40% and 40%, respectively, in presence of 2 g citrate/l. however, citrate decreased pyruvate production, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) production rate and phb yield by 62%, 31% and 45%, respectively. the activities of pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were 36%-45% lower and 50%-120% higher than those of the control, respectively. t ... | 2007 | 17279445 |
| biodegradation of cry1ab protein from bt transgenic rice in aerobic and flooded paddy soils. | degradation of cry1ab protein from bt transgenic rice was examined under both aerobic and flooded conditions in five paddy soils and in aqueous solutions. the hydrolysis rate of cry1ab protein in aqueous solutions was correlated inversely with the solution ph in the range of 4.0 to 8.0, and positively with the initial concentration of cry1ab protein. rapid degradation of cry1ab protein occurred in paddy soils under aerobic conditions, with half-lives ranging from 19.6 to 41.3 d. the degradation ... | 2007 | 17288444 |
| on-line monitoring of changes in host cell physiology during the one-step growth cycle of bacillus phage bam35. | in this study an on-line electrochemical method was developed to examine the one-step growth cycle (osgc) of the bacteriophage bam35. the on-line conditions for monitoring the osgc and the effect of aeration on the duration of the osgc were defined. the data indicate that binding of phenyldicarbaundecaborane anions to bacillus thuringiensis cells infected with bam35 can be used as a sensitive indicator of cell lysis. | 2007 | 17289190 |