Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identification and characterization of the neutralization epitope(s) of the hepatitis e virus. | the neutralization epitope(s) of the hepatitis e virus (hev) was studied by an in vitro neutralization assay using antibodies obtained by immunization of mice with 51 overlapping 30-mer synthetic peptides spanning the region 221-660 amino acids (aa) of the hev open reading frame 2 encoded protein (porf2) and 31 overlapping recombinant proteins of different sizes derived from the entire porf2 of the hev burma strain. antibodies against synthetic peptides and short recombinant proteins of approxim ... | 2001 | 11601892 |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection presenting as a prolonged cholestatic jaundice. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric virus that usually causes a self-resolving hepatitis; although, it may be fatal, especially in pregnant women. although hev is endemic in israel, there have been no recent local outbreaks. we report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with painless jaundice. ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography scan revealed gallstones, with no evidence of cholecystitis and no dilatation of the intra-or extrahepatic bile ducts. an open cholecystectomy was per ... | 2001 | 11606863 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in canadian swine herds and identification of a novel variant of swine hepatitis e virus. | swine hepatitis e virus is a newly identified potentially zoonotic virus from pigs of particular concern for possible direct transmission to a human xenotransplant recipient by organ transplantation. in the present study, prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus was examined in canadian swine herds. a total of 998 serum samples collected from 6-month-old healthy slaughter hogs were examined by enzyme immunoassay and western blot analysis for antibodies to the recombinant open reading ... | 2001 | 11687465 |
| [viral hepatitis e. current knowledge and future problems]. | hepatitis e is the principal enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis, responsible for large epidemics of acute hepatitis associated with fecal contamination of drinking water in under-developed and developing countries. in contrast, in the industrialized world, the infection occurs rarely and sporadically, usually in individuals who originated from or traveled to regions of known endemism. however, serological and virological studies have provided evidence that hepatitis e virus ma ... | 2001 | 11688345 |
| experimental studies on subclinical hepatitis e virus infection in cynomolgus macaques. | serial subclinical transmission among susceptible humans may serve as a reservoir of hepatitis e virus (hev) in areas in which hev is endemic. this hypothesis was investigated in an experimental primate model. four groups of 4 cynomolgus macaques each were inoculated intravenously with 10(4)-10(5) (group 1), 10-100 (group 2), and 1-10 (group 3) cynomolgus macaque hev infectious doses. all 4 animals in group 1 had clinical disease marked by alanine aminotransferase (alt) elevation, fecal virus ex ... | 2001 | 11709779 |
| the effect of mosquito passage on the la crosse virus genotype. | the genetic consequences of passing three different strains of la crosse (lac) virus orally and transovarially in aedes triseriatus mosquitoes were examined. two of the lac strains (wt lac and lac ori) had been passaged numerous times in cell culture; the third strain (sm1-78) had been passaged only once in suckling mice. genetic changes were monitored in three regions of the lac genome after oral infection and dissemination in the mosquito, and transovarial transmission (tot) of the virus to pr ... | 2001 | 11714967 |
| detection of sporadic cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in china using immunoassays based on recombinant open reading frame 2 and 3 polypeptides from hev genotype 4. | we reported previously on the complete sequence of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4, isolated from patients with sporadic cases of acute hev infection in china. at least eight hev genotypes have now been described worldwide, and further isolates await classification. current immunoassays for the detection of anti-hev antibodies are based on polypeptides from genotypes 1 and 2 only and may be inadequate for the reliable detection of other genotypes. because genotypes 1 and 4 predominate in chin ... | 2001 | 11724847 |
| self-association and mapping of the interaction domain of hepatitis e virus orf3 protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major human pathogen in the developing world. in the absence of an in vitro culture system, very little information on the basic biology of the virus exists. a small protein (approximately 13.5 kda) of unknown function, porf3, is encoded by the third open reading frame of hev. the n-terminal region of porf3 is associated with the cytoskeleton using one of its hydrophobic domains. the c-terminal half of porf3 is rich in proline residues and contains a putative src hom ... | 2001 | 11160756 |
| viral hepatitis during pregnancy. | a great degree of controversy prevails over the existing reports on the severity and outcome of acute viral hepatitis (avh) during pregnancy. the present study describes the outcome of avh associated with pregnancy. a correlation was also assessed for gestation period, viral etiology and outcome of avh. | 2001 | 11166742 |
| viraemia and faecal shedding of hev in symptom-free carriers. | 2001 | 11197383 | |
| new hepatitis viruses: contenders and pretenders. | following the development of tests for hepatitis c virus and hepatitis e virus infection, it became clear that there remained cases of hepatitis that were non-a-e. such cases provided impetus for the search for additional hepatitis viruses and, by using molecular techniques, several candidates were identified. an enteric agent responsible for sporadic non-a and non-e hepatitis was tentatively called hepatitis f virus. however, the lack of any corroborating reports has cast doubt on its status as ... | 2001 | 11207890 |
| comparative pathogenesis of infection of pigs with hepatitis e viruses recovered from a pig and a human. | specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated with one of two hepatitis e viruses (hev) (one recovered from a pig and the other from a human) to study the relative pathogenesis of the two viruses in swine. fifty-four pigs were randomly assigned to three groups. seventeen pigs in group 1 served as uninoculated controls, 18 pigs in group 2 were intravenously inoculated with the swine hev recovered from a pig in the united states, and 19 pigs in group 3 were intravenously inoculated with the us-2 str ... | 2001 | 11230404 |
| the 3' end of hepatitis e virus (hev) genome binds specifically to the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of acute epidemic and sporadic hepatitis in the developing world. it is a positive-strand rna virus with a genome length of about 7.2 kb. the replication mechanism of this virus is virtually unexplored. identification of the regulatory elements involved in initiation of replication may help in designing specific inhibitors for therapy. in the positive-stranded rna viruses the initiation of replication requires interaction of the 3' end of genome with it ... | 2001 | 11259193 |
| serological and molecular testing in viral hepatitis: an update. | the routine serological diagnoses of the three major forms of viral hepatitis - a, b and c - as well as delta hepatitis, are important in the evaluation of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. increasingly, molecular virology is also being used to evaluate patients with chronic hepatitis c, with genotype and viral load testing to plan therapy. | 2001 | 11264571 |
| molecular characteristic-based epidemiology of hepatitis b, c, and e viruses and gb virus c/hepatitis g virus in myanmar. | we carried out a molecular characteristic-based epidemiological survey of various hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis e virus (hev), and gb virus c (gbv-c)/hepatitis g virus (hgv), in myanmar. the study population of 403 subjects consisted of 213 healthy individuals residing in the city of yangon, myanmar, and the surrounding suburbs and 190 liver disease patients (155 virus-related liver disease patients and 35 nonviral disease patients). the ... | 2001 | 11283083 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in selected brazilian populations. | a retrospective study on the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was conducted in selected populations in rio de janeiro, brazil. a total of 1,115 subjects were tested including 146 patients with acute non-a non-b non-c (nanbnc) viral hepatitis, 65 hemodialysis patients, 93 blood donors, 102 intravenous drug users (ivdus), 304 pregnant women, 145 individuals living in the rural area and 260 individuals living in the urban area. in order to characterize a favorable epidemiological set ... | 2001 | 11285473 |
| hepatitis e virus dna vaccine elicits immunologic memory in mice. | injection of an expression vector pjhev containing hepatitis e virus (hev) structural protein open reading frame 2 gene generates a strong antibody response in balb/c mice that can bind to and agglutinate hev. in this study, we tested for immunologic memory in immunized mice whose current levels of igg to hev were low or undetectable despite 3 doses of hev dna vaccine 18 months earlier. mice previously vaccinated with vector alone were controls. all mice were administered a dose of hev dna vacci ... | 2001 | 11287754 |
| [viral liver diseases. current status of therapy] ]. | viral liver diseases, particularly hepatitides of type b (hbv) and c (hcv) show an increasing trend, the number of infected people in the world being several hundred million people. with the exception of other forms (hav, hdv, hev, and hgv), where infectivity is also high, possible transmission and infection in hbv and hcv are often independent of the affected person (blood transfusion, stomatological operations, surgery, etc.). treatment of hepatitides not proceeding into a chronic stage is wit ... | 2001 | 11288593 |
| sporadic hev hepatitis in italy. | 2001 | 11288737 | |
| oral administration of hepatitis e virus-like particles induces a systemic and mucosal immune response in mice. | we evaluated the potential of recombinant hepatitis e virus (rhev) virus-like particles (vlps) as an oral immunogen by analyzing the response of serum igm, igg, and iga and fecal iga in mice after oral administration. the capsid proteins of hev with its n-terminal 111 amino acids truncated were expressed with a recombinant baculovirus in insect cells, where the capsid proteins self-assembled into vlps. mice were orally inoculated four times with purified rhev vlps in concentrations ranging from ... | 2001 | 11348714 |
| sero-epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) in urban and rural children of north india. | to estimate the prevalence of anti-hev igg and igm antibodies to orf3 peptide of hepatitis e virus genome in an age stratified urban and rural population of children. | 2001 | 11359972 |
| conformational antigenic determinants generated by interactions between a bacterially expressed recombinant peptide of the hepatitis e virus structural protein. | a 23 kda peptide locating to amino acid residues 394 to 604 of the major hepatitis e virus (hev) structural protein was expressed in e. coli. this peptide was found to interact naturally with one another to form homodimers and it was recognized strongly and commonly in its dimeric form by hev reactive human sera. the antigenic activity associated with the dimeric form was abrogated when the dimer was dissociated into monomer and the activity was reconstituted after the monomer was re-associated ... | 2001 | 11360244 |
| prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies in different indian animal species. | prevalence of igg antibodies to hepatitis e virus (igg-anti-hev) was determined among different animal species from india. seropositivity varied from 4.4% to 6.9% in cattle, 54.6-74.4% in pigs and 2.1-21.5% in rodents. of the 44 dogs screened, 10 were positive (22.7%). none of the 250 goat sera tested were found to be anti-hev positive. among rodents, over 50% serum samples collected in 1985 from bandicota bengalensis were positive for anti-hev antibodies. no evidence of hev infection was obtain ... | 2001 | 11380801 |
| seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus infection in japan using a newly developed antibody assay. | a seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was conducted in japan, where hev infection is not considered endemic. | 2001 | 11388394 |
| a bacterially expressed peptide prevents experimental infection of primates by the hepatitis e virus. | a 23 kda peptide of the major structural protein of the hepatitis e virus (hev) expressed in e. coli was found to naturally interact with one another to form homodimers and the peptide was recognized strongly in its dimeric form by hev reactive human sera. to determine if the peptide may confer protection against hev infection, three monkeys were immunized with the purified peptide and three were given placebo. both groups of animals were challenged with 10(5) genome equivalent dose of the homol ... | 2001 | 11395207 |
| a yeast two-hybrid study on self-association of the orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus is a human rna virus containing three open reading frames. of these, orf2 encodes the major capsid protein (porf2) and may possess regulatory functions, in addition to a structural one. in this study, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro immobilization experiments that full-length porf2 is capable of self-association, thus forming a homodimer. using mutational analysis we have studied dimerization of various truncated versions of the orf2 capsid protein ... | 2001 | 11396945 |
| plasmodium falciparum and hepatitis e virus co-infection in fulminant hepatic failure. | acute hepatitis e and falciparum malaria can each present with fulminant hepatic failure and are common in tropical countries. however, co-existence of these two conditions has not been reported. we report a 20-year-old girl who presented with fever and altered sensorium. peripheral smear was positive for plasmodium falciparum, and igm anti-hev was positive. she died despite antimalarial drugs and supportive management. postmortem liver tissue showed changes suggestive of acute viral hepatitis. | 2001 | 11400804 |
| simultaneous amplification of dna and rna virus using multiplex pcr system. | a large number of disease-causing bacteria and viruses are being sequenced and pcr is increasingly used for the diagnosis of the diseases. we have designed a multiplex pcr system for hepatitis b virus (hbv), a dna virus, and hepatitis e virus (hev), an rna virus. a modified technique has been standardized for simultaneous extraction of dna and rna, followed by a one-step rt-pcr/pcr. | 2001 | 11412831 |
| virus-specific mrna capping enzyme encoded by hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a positive-strand rna virus, is an important causative agent of waterborne hepatitis. expression of cdna (encoding amino acids 1 to 979 of hev nonstructural open reading frame 1) in insect cells resulted in synthesis of a 110-kda protein (p110), a fraction of which was proteolytically processed to an 80-kda protein. p110 was tightly bound to cytoplasmic membranes, from which it could be released by detergents. immunopurified p110 catalyzed transfer of a methyl group from ... | 2001 | 11413290 |
| acute hepatitis caused by a novel strain of hepatitis e virus most closely related to united states strains. | a unique hepatitis e virus (hev) strain was identified as the aetiological agent of acute hepatitis in a united states (us) patient who had recently returned from vacation in thailand, a country in which hev is endemic. sequence comparison showed that this hev strain was most similar, but not identical, to the swine and human hev strains recovered in the us. phylogenetic analysis revealed that this new hev isolate was closer to genotype 3 strains than to the genotype 1 strains common in asia. th ... | 2001 | 11413380 |
| autoimmune liver disease in children. | autoimmune liver disease (aild) in children progresses to cirrhosis and liver failure if not diagnosed and managed in time. we prospectively analyzed our patients with liver disease for autoimmune etiology and their outcome with treatment. | 2001 | 11422621 |
| [detection of anti-hav igm and anti-hev igm in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis in beijing between 1995-2000]. | to investigate the age ranges, liver function lesion and outcomes of sporadic acute hepatitis a and e in beijing. | 2001 | 11436647 |
| a guinea-pig model of hendra virus encephalitis. | subcutaneous inoculation, but not intradermal (footpad) or intranasal inoculation, with high doses of hendra virus (hev) consistently produced disease in guinea-pigs. of 15 subcutaneously inoculated animals, 14 developed vascular disease with positive hev immunohistochemical labelling in a range of tissues. a new observation was the presence of lesions, including syncytial cells, with immunolabelling in the transitional epithelium of the bladder. virus isolation from the urine rather than from n ... | 2001 | 11437503 |
| [propagation of hepatitis e virus in several cell lines including human embryo lung diploid cell kmb17]. | to investigate the hepatitis e virus (hev) sensitive cells and its tissue culture conditions. | 2001 | 12901104 |
| [expression of hepatitis e virus orf3 gene fragment in baculovirus system and its immunological character]. | to express hepatitis e virus (hev) orf3 protein by baculovirus system and provide basis for immunological character research. | 2001 | 12940081 |
| [purification and immunological characterization of hepatitis e virus recombinant chimeric antigen encoded by orf2 fragments and orf3]. | to study immunological characteristics of recombinant chimeric hev antigen. | 2001 | 12940082 |
| a c-terminal hydrophobic region is required for homo-oligomerization of the hepatitis e virus capsid (orf2) protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e, an acute form of viral hepatitis. the open reading frame 2 (orf2) of hev encodes the viral capsid protein, which can self-oligomerize into virus-like particles. to understand the domains within this protein important for capsid biogenesis, we have carried out in vitro analyses of association and folding patterns of wild type and mutant orf2 proteins. when expressed in vitro or in transfected cells, the orf2 protein assembled as dimer ... | 2001 | 12488605 |
| global epidemiology and medical aspects of hepatitis e. | hepatitis e is a self-limited enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis that occurs frequently in epidemic outbreaks and as sporadic hepatitis in the indian sub-continent, southeast and central asia, the middle east, parts of africa, and mexico. hepatitis e virus (hev) is excreted in faeces and is transmitted predominantly by the faecal-oral route, usually through contaminated water. the reservoir of the virus during the inter-epidemic periods in disease-endemic countries may reside in the e ... | 2001 | 11948361 |
| prevalence of hepatitis virus infections in kosovar refugees. | to assess the prevalence of viral hepatitis infections in a sample of kosovar refugees having arrived in southern italy as a result of the 1999 war in the balkans. | 2001 | 11953219 |
| the hepatitis viruses. rationales for treatment, occupation health issues and current guidelines for best practice. | nurses are likely to come across any one, or all, of the hepatitis viruses a, b, c, d, e, (f) and g at some point in their career. it is important, therefore, that they are familiar with basic details concerning the viruses, such as their mode of transmission, methods of diagnosis and the prognosis for those who are infected. it is also important that they are aware of the implications for the health of individuals and the communities in which they live. hepatitis b virus remains a global proble ... | 2001 | 11966287 |
| hepatitis e, g, and tt virus. | 2001 | 11910971 | |
| [pathological and virological studies of the liver tissues from the patients with sporadic hepatitis e]. | to study the pathological feature, viral distribution and replication in the liver tissue of sporadic hepatitis e(he), and to explore the mechanism of the liver injury induced by hepatitis e virus(hev). | 2001 | 11986684 |
| [detection of anti-hav, anti-hbv, anti-hcv and anti-hev antibodies in the patients with sporadic acute hepatitis in beijing during 1995-2000]. | to investigate distribution of acute hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c and hepatitis e in beijing area. | 2001 | 11986727 |
| waterborne viruses associated with repeated abortion. | in this study we tried to find the role of some waterborne viruses in repeated abortion of women. the study includes maternal blood serum and fetal tissue. the serum of full-term delivered women was taken as a control. all collected samples were inoculated on bgm and hep2g cells to detect entero and hepatitis e viruses. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was also carried out for igm and igg antibodies against hev in all serum samples. hev-ag was determined by dot-elisa, which used also for entero ... | 2001 | 17216939 |
| serological profile of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in an area of hyper-endemic hepatitis b virus infection. | located in the south western part of saudi arabia, the gizan region is largely a rural community in which hepatitis b and chronic liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma are highly prevalent. | 2001 | 19861776 |
| outcome of hepatitis e virus infection in indian pregnant women admitted to a tertiary care hospital. | information on the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in indian pregnant women is scanty. only a few studies have been done so far to document the vertical route of transmission of this virus. we therefore studied the prevalence of hev infection in pregnant women with hepatitits and the outcome of their pregnancy. | 2001 | 21910283 |
| examination for hepatitis e virus in wastewater treatment plants and workers by nested rt-pcr and elisa. | water and sera were collected from 4 sewage treatment plants whose workers were exposed to raw untreated sewage samples, which may accumulate the hev virus. two methods of water concentration were used (peg and u-apb) and samples analyzed by nested rt-pcr. the 24 samples (inlet and outlet) of sewage treatment plants were negative for virus. hev igg was detected in 205 workers sera, the age of 20-40 years old, exhibited the highest hev igg infection (50.9% - 50.4), between 41-50 and 51-60 years o ... | 2000 | 17219857 |
| [can we foresee the end of the alphabet in viral hepatitis?]. | there is a number of viruses which may cause acute or chronic liver damage. only some of them belong into the group of hepatotropic viruses and only the latter are the cause of acute or chronic viral hepatitis. so far we know seven hepatotropic viruses. the virus of hepatitis a (hav), virus of hepatitis b (hbv), virus of hepatitis c (hcv), virus of hepatitis d (hdv), virus of hepatitis e (hev), virus of hepatitis g (hgv) and transfusion-transmitted-virus (ttv). for hav and hev orofaecal transmis ... | 2000 | 11227176 |
| [studies on the subgenomic rnas of hepatitis e virus]. | through labeling hev rnas with [32p]-phosphate, two subgenomic rnas at 6.5 to 7.5 h post-infection, one subgenomic rna at 8.5 to 10.5 h post-infection and none subgenomic rnas were detected at 21 post-infection or in purified virus. hybridization results illustrated that the hev subgenomic rnas form a 3' nested set which is situated at the 3' end of genome, but their 5' ends do not share a common leader sequence. uv transcription results showed that the hev subgenomic rnas were transcribed indep ... | 2000 | 12549057 |
| [construction of plasmids expressing hepatitis e virus antigen fragments and their combinations]. | several different regions of the hev antigen were expressed in escherichia coli and their immunological characteristics were simply evaluated. | 2000 | 12903405 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e antibody in flying airline personnel. | the aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in flying airline personnel, and to determine the necessity of hepatitis a vaccination to prevent such infections related to occupational exposure. | 2000 | 11439715 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis e in northern namibia, 1983. | in 1983 in namibia's kavango region, epidemic jaundice affected hundreds of people living in settlements lacking potable water and waste disposal facilities. many were angolan refugees. the disease, which after investigation was designated non-a non-b hepatitis, was most common in males (72%), in persons aged 15-39 years, and was usually mild except in pregnant women, who incurred 6 (86%) of the 7 fatal infections. fifteen years later, archived outbreak-associated samples were analyzed. hepatiti ... | 2000 | 11289674 |
| duplex rt-pcr for simultaneous detection of hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus isolated from drinking water samples. | a duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol for simultaneous detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in water samples has been developed and demonstrated. both hav and hev were concentrated from drinking water samples through a one-step concentration protocol. different cdna could be produced in the rt step carried out with a random primer in a single reaction tube. two different sets of primers specific for hav-cdna and hev-cdna were used ... | 2000 | 11296746 |
| [partial nucleotide sequences of hepatitis e viruses isolated from patients in 14 cities of china]. | to investigate the genotypes of hepatitis e viruses isolated in china. | 2000 | 11236627 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e in two rural egyptian communities. | a population-based serosurvey in two rural egyptian communities was used to assess age-specific prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev). one community is in the nile delta (11,182 inhabitants; 3,997 participants) and the other in upper egypt (10,970 inhabitants; 6,029 participants). samples were tested for anti-hev with a commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) based on antigens derived from open reading frame (orf)2 and orf3. although there was a clear difference in sensitiv ... | 2000 | 11220771 |
| a serological re-evaluation of acute non-a non-b hepatitis from the early 1970s. | the epidemiology and natural history of recently discovered viruses, which may be responsible for cases of seronegative infectious hepatitis, are currently being investigated. retrospective studies of stored sera can provide a historical perspective of these infections. | 2000 | 11198574 |
| hepatitis: still a concern? | although some forms of viral hepatitis were identified more than 50 years ago, hepatitis continues to have an impact on the practice of dentistry. possible transmission in the dental setting, management of the chronically ill, and legal issues related to treatment of infectious patients combine to emphasize that hepatitis is still an important issue for dental health care workers. currently, 7 viral forms are recognized. those with predominantly enteral modes of transmission--including hav, hev, ... | 2000 | 11203900 |
| hendra virus disease in horses. | the author provides an account of the discovery of a previously undescribed disease of horses and a description of the studies involved in determining the aetiology of the disease. the causative virus, now named hendra virus (hev), is the reference virus for a proposed new genus within the virus family paramyxoviridae. the virus is a lethal zoonotic agent able to cause natural disease in humans and horses and experimentally induced disease in cats, guinea-pigs and mice. the virus also naturally ... | 2000 | 11189712 |
| the complete sequence of hepatitis e virus genotype 4 reveals an alternative strategy for translation of open reading frames 2 and 3. | isolates of hepatitis e virus (hev) have recently been described from china that are distinct from burmese, mexican and us viruses and constitute a novel genotype (genotype 4). here, the complete genomic sequence of a representative isolate of genotype 4 hev, amplified directly from the stool of an acutely infected patient, is presented. analysis of the entire sequence confirms our previous conclusion, based upon partial sequence data, that these chinese isolates belong to a novel genotype. typi ... | 2000 | 10859372 |
| 93g, a novel sporadic strain of hepatitis e virus in south china isolated by cell culture. | the nucleotide sequence of hepatitis e virus (hev) serous isolates (g-9 and g-20) from guangzhou, south china, which has been reported previously, are divergent significantly from those of other reported hev isolates. in order to investigate more extensively the guangzhou isolate, the 93g strain was isolated from the faecal sample of the same individual as g-9 by a549 cell culture and identified immunologically and by molecular biological techniques. the results showed that strain 93g could be p ... | 2000 | 10861638 |
| the inhibitory effect of the imidazoquinolinamine s-28828 on the pathogenesis of a type ii adenovirus in turkeys. | in this study we show that a type i-ifn inducing compound, s-28828, modulated the pathogenesis of an avian type ii adenovirus in turkeys. by itself, s-28828 induced a strong reaction in the spleen characterized by hyperplasia of the red and white pulps as well as an increase in lymphoid cell aggregations. oral administration of s-28828 before the time of virus inoculation suppressed significantly (p<0.05) the replication of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) in turkeys. two doses of 5 or 50 mg of ... | 2000 | 10867157 |
| hepatitis e virus: recent advances. | 2000 | 10881621 | |
| identification of 2 novel isolates of hepatitis e virus in argentina. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been identified in 2 argentine patients with acute hepatitis who reported no history of travel to regions in which hev is considered endemic. these isolates are the first to be identified in south america. by use of degenerate primers from open reading frames 1 and 2, hev sequences were obtained from these patients' serum and compared with published hev sequences. the argentine isolates are different from all previously identified hev isolates and are most closely rel ... | 2000 | 10882610 |
| augmentation of immune responses to hepatitis e virus orf2 dna vaccination by codelivery of cytokine genes. | dna vaccines encoding a viral structural protein have been shown to induce antiviral immune responses and provide protection against subsequent viral challenge. in the present study we show that dna immunization with a plasmid expressing the hepatitis e virus orf2 structural protein (pcdna-orf2) induced low levels of long-lasting antibody responses in the murine model. the use of plasmids expressing interleukin-2 (il-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (gm-csf) in conjunction ... | 2000 | 10892997 |
| molecular characterization of a hepatitis e virus isolate from namibia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes sporadic and epidemic acute viral hepatitis in many developing countries. in africa, hepatitis e has been documented by virus detection (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, rt-pcr) in egypt, chad, algeria, morocco and tunisia. cases of presumptive hepatitis e also have been documented by detection of antibody to hev in the sudan, kenya, ethiopia, somalia, djibouti and south africa. recently, we reported the recovery of 9 isolates of hev from feces coll ... | 2000 | 10895057 |
| distribution of hammerhead and hammerhead-like rna motifs through the genbank. | hammerhead ribozymes previously were found in satellite rnas from plant viroids and in repetitive dna from certain species of newts and schistosomes. to determine if this catalytic rna motif has a wider distribution, we decided to scrutinize the genbank database for rnas that contain hammerhead or hammerhead-like motifs. the search shows a widespread distribution of this kind of rna motif in different sequences suggesting that they might have a more general role in rna biology. the frequency of ... | 2000 | 10899150 |
| isolation of hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of hendra virus. | since it was first described in australia in 1994, hendra virus (hev) has caused two outbreaks of fatal disease in horses and humans, and an isolated fatal horse case. our preliminary studies revealed a high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to hev in bats of the genus pteropus:, but it was unclear whether this was due to infection with hev or a related virus. we developed the hypothesis that hev excretion from bats might be related to the birthing process and we targeted the reproductive tr ... | 2000 | 10900029 |
| acute and chronic viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis is the most common cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. the term viral hepatitis generally refers to infections resulting from one of the hepatotrophic viruses: hepatitis a, b, c, d, and e. the last 10 years have brought many important advances in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular biology, and immunoprophylaxis of infections caused by hepatotrophic viruses. development of sensitive and specific immunoassays has enabled detection of specific agents. this has ... | 2000 | 10916125 |
| comparison of the prevalence of igg antibodies to hepatitis e virus and hepatitis a virus in members of households in the mekong delta region of vietnam. | 2000 | 10761716 | |
| sporadic acute hepatitis e in the united kingdom: an underdiagnosed phenomenon? | hepatitis e (hev) is the primary cause of enterically transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis worldwide. case reports of hev in individuals in the united kingdom relate to travel to endemic areas or contact with individuals who have visited these areas. | 2000 | 10764721 |
| identification and phylogenetic comparison of salem virus, a novel paramyxovirus of horses. | a virus that could not be identified as a previously known equine virus was isolated from the mononuclear cells of a horse. electron microscopy revealed enveloped virions with nucleocapsid structures characteristic of viruses in the paramyxoviridae family. the virus failed to hemabsorb chicken or guinea pig red blood cells and lacked neuraminidase activity. two viral genes were isolated from a cdna expression library. multiple sequence alignments of one gene indicated an average identity of 45% ... | 2000 | 10793001 |
| taxonomy of the caliciviruses. | the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv) has recently approved several proposals submitted by the present caliciviridae study group. these proposals include the division of the family into 4 new genera designated lagovirus, vesivirus, "norwalk-like viruses (nlvs), and "sapporo-like viruses (slvs); the latter 2 genera were assigned temporary names until acceptable names can be determined by the scientific community. the genera have been further divided into the following species: ... | 2000 | 10804145 |
| short report: phylogenetically distinct hepatitis e viruses in pakistan. | hepatitis e, which is enterically transmitted, is the most common cause of acute hepatitis in much of asia. phylogenetic analysis of several isolates of hepatitis e virus (hev) from asia suggests that transmission of this virus is geographically restricted. in sarghoda, pakistan, hev sar-55 was isolated from a 1987 outbreak. it belongs to the central-asian cluster of the asian sub-genotype. we now report the complete sequence of a second pakistan hev from a 1988 outbreak in abbottabad. the abbot ... | 2000 | 10813471 |
| nepal calls the shots in hepatitis e virus vaccine trial. | 2000 | 10821375 | |
| identification by phage display and characterization of two neutralizing chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies to the hepatitis e virus capsid protein. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the orf2 protein of the sar-55 strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) were isolated by phage display from a cdna library of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) gamma1/kappa antibody genes. both mabs, hev#4 and hev#31, bound to reduced, denatured open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein in a western blot, suggesting that they recognize linear epitopes. the affinities (equilibrium dissociation constants, k(d)) for the sar-55 orf2 protein were 1.7 nm for hev#4 and 5.4 nm for ... | 2000 | 10823861 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies in immigrants from developing countries. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies among indigenous spanish blood donors and immigrants from developing countries in order to determine whether immigrants pose a significant risk for the transmission of hev to the healthy spanish population. the seroprevalence of hev was determined in a cohort of 90 asymptomatic immigrants (mostly from countries in sub-saharan africa) who had recently arrived in madrid, spain, and in 863 bloo ... | 2000 | 10834823 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus as a causative agent of acute hepatitis. | 2000 | 10835866 | |
| anti-hev in blood donors: what is test and what is virus? | 2000 | 10838522 | |
| the 20th united states-japan joint hepatitis panel meeting. | 2000 | 10706578 | |
| immunopathogenesis of haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) in turkeys. | infection of turkeys with the haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), a type ii avian adenovirus, results in varying rates of morbidity and mortality. the disease is characterised by splenomegaly, intestinal haemorrhage, sudden death and immunosuppression. the mechanisms of hev immunopathogenesis and immunosuppression are not fully understood. recent studies indicate that immune responses play a central role in disease pathogenesis. hev infects b cells and macrophages and induces necrosis as well as ... | 2000 | 10717290 |
| hepatitis e: an overview and recent advances in clinical and laboratory research. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a non-enveloped rna (7.5 kb) virus that is responsible for large epidemics of acute hepatitis and a proportion of sporadic hepatitis cases in southeast and central asia, the middle east, parts of africa and mexico. hepatitis e virus infection spreads by the faecal-oral route (usually through contaminated water) and presents after an incubation period of 8-10 weeks with a clinical illness resembling other forms of acute viral hepatitis. clinical attack rates are the hig ... | 2000 | 10719741 |
| acute hepatitis e infection acquired in california. | 2000 | 10722465 | |
| identification of a novel hepatitis e virus in nigeria. | sporadic cases of acute hepatitis e among ten native nigerian adults were reported in port-harcourt (nigeria). hepatitis e virus (hev) was detected in serum and/or faecal samples of seven patients by rt-pcr of the open reading frame (orf)-1 polymerase region and the 3'-end of orf2. restriction analysis widely used to distinguish genotypes i and iii showed that all nigerian strains have a pattern similar to the mexican strain (noti, nt 286; smai, nt 397; no kpni restriction site) but displayed a ... | 2000 | 10725415 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of the hepatitis e virus (hev) nonstructural open reading frame 1 (orf1). | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes enterically transmitted epidemic and sporadic viral hepatitis affecting millions of people in the developing world. different geographical isolates of hev show a high degree of homology at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. the approximately 7.2 kb rna genome has three open reading frames of which orf1 is predicted to code for the viral nonstructural polyprotein. the expression, processing and properties of the nonstructural orf1 polyprotein have not been report ... | 2000 | 10630959 |
| acute hepatic failure in india: a perspective from the east. | acute hepatic failure (ahf) in india almost always presents with encephalopathy within 4 weeks of the onset of acute hepatitis. further subclassification of ahf into hyperacute, acute and subacute forms may not be necessary in this geographical area, where the rapidity of onset of encephalopathy does not seem to influence survival. viral hepatitis is the cause in approximately 95-100% of patients, who therefore constitute a more homogeneous population than ahf patients in the west. in india, hep ... | 2000 | 10847431 |
| viral hepatitis: recent experiences from serological studies in bangladesh. | infections due to hepatitis a (hav), hepatitis b (hbv), hepatitis c (hcv) and hepatitis e (hev) viruses are the major causes of hepatitis and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries like bangladesh. the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hbsag, anti-hcv antibody, anti-hav antibody and anti-hev antibody in patients suspected of having infection by hbv, hcv, hav and hev, respectively. antibody to hav was detected in 39% of subjects ... | 2000 | 10928622 |
| identification of immunodominant and conformational epitopes in the capsid protein of hepatitis e virus by using monoclonal antibodies. | antibody to the capsid (porf2) protein of hepatitis e virus (hev) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of b-cell epitopes in the intact capsid is limited. a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was generated following immunization with recombinant orf2.1 protein, representing the c-terminal 267 amino acids (aa) of the 660-aa capsid protein. two mabs reacted exclusively with the conformational orf2.1 epitope (f. li, j. torresi, s. a. locarnini, h. zhuang, w. zhu, x. guo, and d. ... | 2000 | 10933710 |
| expression of the hepatitis e virus orf1. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an unclassified, plus-strand rna virus whose genome contains three open reading frames (orfs). orf1, the 5' proximal orf of hev, encodes nonstructural proteins involved in rna replication which share homology with the products of the corresponding orf of members of the alphavirus-like superfamily of plus-strand rna viruses. among animal virus members of this superfamily (the alphavirus and rubivirus genera of the family togaviridae), the product of this orf is a nonstr ... | 2000 | 10963340 |
| reclassification of the caliciviridae into distinct genera and exclusion of hepatitis e virus from the family on the basis of comparative phylogenetic analysis. | caliciviridae and picornaviridae belong to the same subphylum and genera within picornaviridae are well characterized. until 1998, caliciviridae included one genus calicivirus, containing strains with distinct structural and genomic features. phylogenetic analyses of capsid genes revealed five clusters within caliciviridae corresponding to differences in genome organization. in order to determine to what taxonomic level these clusters correspond, genomic sequences of caliciviruses, picornavirus ... | 2000 | 10963346 |
| hepatitis e virus immunoglobulin g antibodies in different populations in campinas, brazil. | the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies was investigated by enzyme immunoassay in 205 volunteer blood donors, 214 women who attended a center for anonymous testing for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and 170 hospital employees in campinas, a city in southeastern brazil. the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies ranged from 2.6% (3 of 117) in health care professionals to 17.7% (38 of 214) in women who considered themselves at risk for hiv. the prevalence of anti-he ... | 2000 | 10973460 |
| [sequential antibody determination in hepatitis e virus]. | twenty-four patients with presumptive diagnosis of hve with a mean age of 37.7 years are presented. a qualitative antihve by elisa was performed in all of them, and repeated at monthly intervals during a 6 month period, and 18 gave a positive result for acute hve. the majority were detected 60 days after the initiation of their signosintomatology. clinical characterization are outlined. | 2000 | 10975019 |
| hepatitis e. | hepatitis e, previously known as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphologic features of acute hepatitis. its causative agent, hepatitis e virus, consists of small, 32- to 34-nm diameter, icosahedral, nonenveloped particles with a single-stranded, positive-sense, 7.5-kb rna. the virus has two main geographically distinct strains, asian and mexican; recently, novel isolates from nonendemic areas and a genetically related swine hev h ... | 2000 | 10987115 |
| pathogenic avian adenovirus type ii induces apoptosis in turkey spleen cells. | wild-type mammalian adenoviruses are known to inhibit programmed cells death in infected cells. this study demonstrated for the first time that an avian type ii adenovirus, the hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys, induced apoptosis in turkey spleen cells at 3 and 4 days post infection. the increased apoptosis rate in spleens of hev-infected turkeys was associated with increased virus replication. increased apoptosis preceded extensive virus-induced cellular necrosis. at 3 days post infe ... | 2000 | 11003476 |
| risk of hepatitis e infection to travelers. | hepatitis e virus (hev), previously referred to as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, is a major cause of epidemic hepatitis and acute, sporadic hepatitis in endemic areas of the world. the existence of hev was suspected based upon epidemiological grounds for many years. however, it was only in the early 1990s that confirmation occurred when two prototype strains of hev from burma and mexico were sequenced.1-3 outbreaks of hev infection as well as sporadic transmission commonly occu ... | 2000 | 11003732 |
| lack of hepatitis e infection among backpackers to tropical countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a feco-orally transmitted virus that occurs primarily among the indigenous populations of the indian subcontinent, central america and africa. most recognized cases of hev occur after contamination of water supplies such as after monsoon flooding.1,2 in contrast with hepatitis a infection, secondary person-to-person spread is rare. most cases of hev are reported in epidemics, but sporadic cases also occur. backpackers traveling from developed to developing countries ar ... | 2000 | 11003735 |
| duration of viraemia and faecal viral excretion in acute hepatitis e. | data on duration of viral excretion and viraemia during hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are limited. we tested serial stool and serum samples from 20 patients with acute hepatitis e for hev rna. faecal excretion and viraemia in these patients were found to be short lived. in 19 patients, all samples obtained after biochemical resolution of hepatitis tested negative; in the remaining patient, hev rna was detected in the serum samples but not in stool after biochemical resolution. long-term pers ... | 2000 | 11009149 |
| the cleavage activation and sites of glycosylation in the fusion protein of hendra virus. | hendra virus (hev) is an unclassified member of the paramyxoviridae family that causes systemic infections in humans, horses, cats, guinea pigs and flying foxes. the fusion protein (f(0)) of members of the paramyxoviridae family that cause systemic infections in vivo contains a basic amino acid-rich region at which the protein is activated by cleavage into two subunits (f(1) and f(2)). hev f(0) lacks such a domain. we have determined the cleavage site in hev f(0) by sequencing the amino terminus ... | 2000 | 11018278 |
| the exceptionally large genome of hendra virus: support for creation of a new genus within the family paramyxoviridae. | an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in hendra, a suburb of brisbane, australia, in september 1994 resulted in the deaths of 14 racing horses and a horse trainer. the causative agent was a new member of the family paramyxoviridae. the virus was originally called equine morbillivirus but was renamed hendra virus (hev) when molecular characterization highlighted differences between it and members of the genus morbillivirus. less than 5 years later, the closely related nipah virus (niv) emerged ... | 2000 | 11024125 |
| [algorithm for specific laboratory diagnosis in viral hepatitis among inpatients (lecture)]. | 2000 | 11031429 | |
| xenotransplantation and the potential risk of xenogeneic transmission of porcine viruses. | the clinical success of allotransplantation and the shortage of donor organs have led to a proposal for the use of animal organs as alternative therapeutic materials for humans. in that regard, swine are preferable to non-human primates as a source of donor organs. while applications for clinical trials for xenotransplantation have not yet been received in canada, several trials have already been authorized in the united states. a major concern, however, is the potential for xenogeneic transmiss ... | 2000 | 11041495 |