Publications

dna packaging and the pathway of bacteriophage t4 head assembly.	a cold-sensitive mutation in the structural gene for a minor phage t4 capsid protein (p20) leads to formation of heads containing p20 and cleaved head proteins and empty of dna. such heads can be filled with dna and converted to active phages in vivo uponshift to high temperature. it appears that p20 has two distinct roles in head assembly: first, in construction of the prehead shell (blocked by ts and am mutation) and, second,in dna packaging (blocked by cs mutation). the latter function is clo ...	1977	269421
2-aminopurine-induced mutagenesis in t4 bacteriophage: a model relating mutation frequency to 2-aminopurine incorporation in dna.	we measured the in vivo incorporation of 2-aminopurine into dna of t4 bacteriophage allelic for gene 43 (dna polymerase), mutator (l56), 43+, and antimutator (l141). the magnitude of incorporation (mol/mol of thy) was 1/1500 in l56, 1/1600 in 43+, and 1/8900 in l141. the incorporation ratio l56:43+:l141 in vivo was equal to that mediated by the purified dna polymerases of these allelic phages in vitro. a model for 2-aminopurine-induced a-t in equilibrium g-c transitions is discussed. the model i ...	1977	270713
phage t4-modified rna polymerase transcribes t4 late genes in vitro.	initiation of t4 late rna synthesis has been achieved in an in vitro system prepared from escherichia coli cells infected with wild-type or maturation-defective mutant t4 phage. the system uses a cellophane membrane as a mechanical support for concentrated cell lysates and for added streptolydigin-resistant rna polymerases. transcriptional activity and selectivity of added rna polymerases are tested while endogenous rna polymerase activity is inhibited by streptolydigin. t4-modified rna polymera ...	1977	271954
new method for localizing proteins in periodic structures: fab fragment labeling combined with image processing of electron micrographs.	fab fragments prepared from antisera directed against purified bacteriophage t4 structural proteins and head-related structures were used to label proteins on the surface of t-even giant phage capsids. optically filtered electron micrographs of the fab-labeled capsids reveal both the location of specific proteins within the capsomeres and differing conformational states of the protein subunits. we describe parameters affecting the utility of this technique for the study of molecular organization ...	1977	271974
effects of triiodothyronine administration in patients with chronic renal failure.	clinically euthyroid patients with severe, chronic, non-thyroidal illnesses usually have decreased serum total and absolute free t3 concentrations. since t3 is the metabolically more active of the two thyroid hormones, it has been suggested that these patients may be hypothyroid and thus may benefit from t3 therapy. to test this hypothesis, five patients with chronic renal failure requiring maintenance haemodialysis were treated with 5 microgram t3 eight hourly, increasing at three weekly interv ...	1977	274939
the mechanism of damping of the serum thyroxine and triidothyronine levels caused by increasing thyrotropin dosage in mice.	the time course of the effect of bovine tsh (btsh) on serum concentrations of thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) was measured in the normal mouse. the basal, unstimulated levels were 3.2+/-1.1 mug/100 ml t4 and 104+/-25 ng/100 ml t3 (mean+/-sd). with doses of btsh from 0.5 to 100 mu the peak levels of the thyroid hormones were only 2.6 and 1.8 times the basal level for t4 and t3, respectively. with increasing doses of btsh there was a proportional prolongation of the increased serum levels ...	1977	189993
phosphorylation of trna by t4 polynucleotide kinase.	the phosphorylation of various intact trna species by t4 polynucleotide kinase has been studied. the apparent michaelis constant was on the average found to be 100 times lower than for some single-stranded dnas previously studied. (j.r. lillehaug and k. kleppe, (1975) biochemistry, 14, 1221). conditions which result in complete phosphorylation of different trna species have also been established. studies on equilibrium constants and the reversibility of the reaction revealed that the phosphoryla ...	1977	190592
physicochemical properties of t4 polynucleotide kinase.	some physicochemical properties of t4 polynucleotide kinase (ec2.7.1.78) have been studied. the enzyme is an oligomer of one polypeptide chain. the molecular weight of the monomer is 33000, as determined from the amino acid analysis. phenylalanine is the n-terminal amino acid. each monomer contains two --sh groups, one exposed and one more buried. circular dichroic spectra suggest a high content of alpha-helical structure, 45--55%. excitation at 280 nm gave a strong emission fluorescence spectru ...	1977	191256
initiation of synthesis of messenger rna of deoxynucleotide kinase by oligoribonucleotides.	the effects of nucleoside triphosphates and oligoribonucleotides on the initiation of synthesis of messenger rna of the t4 phage-specific enzyme, deoxynucleotide kinase, have been studied. the procedure involved incubation of t4 dna, purified rna polymerase from escherichia coli, and selected nucleotide compounds during a brief period to permit initiation of rna synthesis. further initiation was arrested by the addition of ribampicin, and completion of the transcription of the newly initiated rn ...	1977	191458
effect of thyroxine and of thyrotropin releasing hormone on cyclic amp concentration in the anterior pituitary gland in vitro.	the effect trh and thyroxine (t4) in vitro on the content of camp in the anterior pituitary gland in rat have been investigated. thyroxine did not significantly affect this concentration, but trh produced approximately a two-fold increase in the pituitary camp content. preincubation of the anterior pituitary together with t4--under the conditions when the latter inhibited both proliferative and secretory response of the gland to trh--did not prevent the elevation of camp due to trh. it is assume ...	1977	192536
binding characteristics of l-triiodothyronine to isolated rat liver chromatin.	the binding characteristics of [125i]-labeled l-triiodothyronine (t3) to chromatin isolated from rat liver nuclei were investigated. binding of t3 to chromatin showed temperature-, incubation time-, and dna concentration-dependence. according to scatchard analysis, the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant was 225 pm, with a maximum binding capacity of about 0.2 pmoles per mg dna. displacement studies with unlabeled thyroxine (t4) and t3 showed that the binding sites for t4 might be the sam ...	1977	192615
triodothyronine and thyroxine nuclear receptors in lyphocytes from normal, hyper- and hypothyroid subjects.	in an investigation of thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) receptors in humans, the lymphocyte was chosen as the target cell. this study was performed to elucidate whether t3 and t4 bind to different receptors, if t4 is bound only after conversion into t3, and whether there is any modification of the receptors in hyper- and hypothyroidism. lymphocytes were found to possess a high-affinity, limited-capacity bindings sites for both t4 and t3. the mean equilibrium affinity constant (ka) was 2. ...	1977	193338
inhibition of thyrotropin- and dibutyryl cyclic amp-induced secretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by catecholamines.	thyrotropin (tsh), 1 mu/ml and n6, o2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5-cyclic monophosphoric acid (dbcamp) greatly enhanced the release of thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) from mouse thyroids incubated in vitro. l-epinephrine (e) and l-norepinephrine (ne) strongly inhibited the tsh and dbcamp-stimulated release of thyroid hormones; l-isoproterenol (ipne) exerted a relatively weak inhibition. the inhibition by catecholamines was prevented by the alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine; l-proprano ...	1977	193681
[epitheliomas of the retro-molar trigone and of the inside surface of the cheeks (author's transl)].	the authors have made a study of 53 cases of tumours of the retro-molar trigone and of the internal surface of the cheeks which were treated between 1959 and 1972; these were malphigian epitheliomas except for one case of cylindroma. the research is concerned with the choice of methods and the therapeutic indications. retro-molar trigones call for combined telecobaltherapy-electrontherapy;--curie-therapy is too difficult in this area. electrontherapy may be used on alternate days with telecobalt ...	1977	195510
a novel approach to study the dna of herpes zoster virus.	herpes zoster virus dna was isolated from infected human embryo lung cells because it is released into the "hirt supernatant". the buoyant density of the virus dna was found to be slightly higher than that of cellular dna. the molecular weight of this dna was estimated to be 92 x 10(6) daltons by cosedimentation with t4 dna in neutral sucrose gradients. as with the dna of other herpesviruses, the dna of herpes zoster virus is fragmented when denatured under alkaline conditions and is therefore " ...	1977	195912
anatomy of herpes simplex virus dna viii. properties of the replicating dna.	this paper concerns the properties of herpes simplex virus 1 dna replicating in hep-2 and human embryonic lung cells. the results were as follows. (i) only a small fraction of input viral dna entered the replicative pool. the bulk of the input viral dna cosedimented with marker viral dna and did not appear to be degraded or dissociated into l and s components. (ii) nascent dna sedimented faster and banded at a higher density than that of mature viral dna extracted from virions. pulse-chase exper ...	1977	196115
preferential binding of tri-substituted thyronine analogs by bullfrog tadpole tail fin cytosol.	the relative strength of binding of several triiodothyronine (t3) analogs by cytosol prepared from the tail fin of the bullfrog tadpole has been tested and compared with their thyromimetic activity in tail tissue. in competitive binding experiments, four tri-substituted analogs were bound much more strongly than two tetra-derivatives. correlation between binding and relative thyromimetic activity was observed only for three triiodo-substituted compounds, triiodothyronine, its methylene bridge an ...	1977	299742
interaction of thyroid hormones with human muscular tissue, leucocytes and adipose tissue in vitro.	the uptake of triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) by human leucocytes as well as by adipose and muscular tissues in vitro was markedly dependent on the extracellular protein concentration. the presence of extracellular protein was responsible for the difference in the uptake of t3 and t4 by leucocytes (the incorporation of t4 was significantly lower than that of t3), whereas its presence in the medium containing adipocytes did nto influence the incorporation values. in a protein-free medium ...	1977	301819
translation of bacteriophage t4 mrna into active lysozyme by a wheat germ cell-free system.		1977	319790
simple isolation method and assay for t4 dna ligase and characterization of the purified enzyme.	a method for the isolation of t4-amber-n82-induced dna ligase is described which results in a nearly homogeneous enzyme preparation after two column chromatographic steps. the enzyme is detected during the purification by its ability to form a stable acid-precipitable enzyme-adenylate complex. some properties of the assay, such as the effect of salt, temperature and incubation time, are presented. the isolated enzyme and its adenylate complex are characterized by acrylamide gel electrophoresis u ...	1977	320008
mutants of escherichia coli "cryptic" for certain periplasmic enzymes: evidence for an alteration of the outer membrane.	mutants in which the expression of periplasmic enzymes by whole cells is reduced (termed "cryptic") are also found to show greatly reduced uptake of labeled adenosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-amp), providing a rapid assay for crypticity. the crypticity of 3'- and 5'-nucleotidase has been examined as a function of substrate concentration. the km for 3'- or 5'-amp increases in the cryptic mutants when whole cells are used as the enzyme source. the vmax is not altered. electrophoretic analysis of prote ...	1977	320175
bacteriophage t4 rna ligase. reaction intermediates and interaction of substrates.	bacteriophage t4 rna ligase catalyzes the atp-dependent ligation of a 5'-phosphoryl-terminated nucleic acid donor to a 3'-hydroxyl-terminated nucleic acid acceptor. we have identified adenylylated dna and rna reaction intermediates in which the amp moiety is attached by a pyrophosphate bond to the 5'-phosphoryl group of the donor. a large amount of dna-adenylate accumulates during the reaction and the dependence of joining and adenylylation on chain length are similar. the adenylylated donor is ...	1977	320212
plasmid replication and hfr formation in strains of escherichia coli carrying seg mutations.	several conditional-lethal mutantions that do not permit the replication of f-factors of escherichia coli k-12 are located at a site called seg. this gene is located on the e. coli chromosome between ser b and thr. it is unrelated to other known genes involved in dna replication. strains carrying seg mutations were unable to replicate f'-lac+, several f'-gal+s, f'-his+ and bacteriophage gamma at 42 degrees. however, neither phage t4, cole1, nor any of the r factors tested were prevented from rep ...	1977	320453
genetic control of mrna decay in t4 phage-infected escherichia coli.		1977	320754
inhibition of dna-enzyme binding by an rna polymerase inhibitor from t4 phage-infected escherichia coli.		1977	321024
treatment of functional amenorrhea-galactorrhea with 2-bromoergocryptine.	the present study was undertaken to investigate not only the effectiveness of bromoergocryptine therapy in 13 women with amenorrhea-galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia without evidence of organic pathology, but also to assess the value of pretreatment evaluation in predicting the response to therapy. sella turcica tomography, base line serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (lh), thyroid-stimulating hormone, t4, plasma cortisol levels, and the growth hormone reserve were normal ...	1977	321260
shutoff of host rna synthesis in bacteriophage t4-infected escherichia coli in the absence of host dna degradation and nuclear disruption.	in contrast to its effect on host dna synthesis, nuclear disruption in phage t4-infected escherichia coli b/5 cells has no effect on the shutoff of host rna synthesis. host rna synthesis is shut off normally after infection with t4 multiple mutants that fail to induce both nuclear disruption and host dna degradation.	1977	321802
isolation and characterization of conditional-lethal rho mutants of escherichia coli.	temperature-sensitive nita (rho) mutants of e. coli were isolated; one of them was characterized as an amber mutant. these strains show the nit phenotype (transcription of phage lambda dna independent of the n gene) at low temperatures and are inviable at high temperatures. the mutated sites appear to be between cya and mete on the chromosome. temperature-sensitive nita bacteria not only permit leftward transcription of the lambda genome at a high rate in the absence of the lambda n protein, but ...	1977	322147
atomic coordinates for t4 phage lysozyme.		1977	322662
[effect of mutation in the polynucleotide ligase gene of t4 phage on recombination and unequal crossing over].		1977	322973
metabolic characterization of the viable, residually dividing and nondividing cell classes of recombination-deficient strains of escherichia coli.	the abilities of rec+, recb- recc-, reca-, and reca- recb- rec c- strains to support growth of bacteriophage t4, to take up oxygen, and to maintain cell integrity have been measured. (i) with respect to bacteriophage t4 growth, t4 phage is produced with identical lysis time in single -step growth curves with all strains tested. rec- strains show reduced phage production (fewer infected centers), but the average burst size per infected center is the same for all strains tested. some rec- cells ar ...	1977	323225
adriamycin interactions with t4 dna polymerase. two modes of template-mediated inhibition.	we examined the effect of adriamycin on kinetics of dna synthesis catalyzed by dna polymerase purified from bacteriophage t4-infected escherichia coli. two distinct modes of enzyme inhibition occur: uncompetitive and competitive at "low" and "high" drug:dna nucleotide molar ratios, respectively. competitive inhibition is not observed unless an unblocked amino group is present on the sugar (daunosamine) moiety. a model is proposed to relate the enzyme inhibition kinetics to intercalative and ioni ...	1977	323251
intracellular dna-protein complexes from bacteriophage t4-infected cells isolated by a rapid two-step procedure. characterization and identification of the protein components.	a simple technique has been developed for isolating intracellular dna and its bound proteins from uninfected and phage-infected bacteria. this technique, which utilizes aqueous salt concentrations in the physiological range, is based upon the fact that dna exists in normal cell lysates in a stiff random coil conformation, and has an unusually large excluded volume to mass ratio. such stiff coils display a unique combination of low sedimentation coefficient and large stokes radius, enabling them ...	1977	323253
regulation of deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis during in vivo bacteriophage t4 dna replication. intrinsic control of synthesis of thymine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine deoxyribonucleotides at precise ratio found in dna.	the kinetics of the de novo formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides is the same after infection by wild type bacteriophage t4, which generate very low steady state levels of deoxytibonucleotides, and by t4 dna synthesis-negative mutatants (dna-), which accumulate high levels, suggesting that the control is not by a feedback mechanism. in this study, the ratio of the de novo synthesis of dtmp to hmdcmp derivatives was measured by determining the total thymine and 5-hydroxylxytosine (hmcyt) d ...	1977	323259
regulation of the expression of bacteriophage t4 genes 32 and 43.		1977	324117
the effect of baseplate mutations on the requirement for tail-fiber binding for irreversible adsorption of bacteriophage t4.		1977	325213
alteration of the escherichia coli membrane by addition of bacteriophage t4 protein synthesized after infection.	many t4-induced proteins were found associated with the escherichia coli membrane during infection. some of these were apparently ionically bound, but many could be identified as integral parts of the inner and outer bacterial membranes by their selective solubilities in guanidine or sarkosyl. the synthesis and insertion of these proteins into the bacterial membrane were temporally controlled and, once in the membrane, these proteins were stably integrated. host membrane protein synthesis contin ...	1977	325233
effect of salt on the transcription of t7 dna by rna polymerase from t4 phage-infected e.coli.	transcription of t7 dna by t4 core enzyme with host sigma is more sensitive to kci than that by host core enzyme with host sigma. when salt is added after initiation of rna chains has occurred, it is not inhibitory. salt affects the binding of t4 enzyme to t7 dna to the same degree as the binding of host enzyme. active preinitiation complex formation is inhibited more by salt with the t4 enzyme and the inhibition is temperature-dependent.	1977	325528
a temperature-sensitive riib mutation which affects the synthesis of bacteriophage t4 riib protein.		1977	325880
study of the transfer rnas coded by t2, t4, and t6 bacteriophages.	t2, t4, and t6 bacteriophage trnas coding for arginine, leucine, proline, isoleucine, and glycine were isolated under conditions of short term and long term infection of escherichia coli b cells. the corresponding phage trna species were examined for sequence homology by rna-dna hybridization analysis and by their relative behavior on reversed phase chromatography. the results indicate that all three t-even phages code for similar trna species; however, some trna species are homologous, others a ...	1977	326783
multiple interactions of a dna-binding protein in vivo. ii. effects of host mutations on dna replication of phage t4 gene 32 mutants.		1977	327075
the use of bacteriophages as indicators in host-mediated assays. longevity of phages lambda, t4 and kappa in the blood-stream of mice.		1977	327317
proteolysis during t4 head maturation: evidence against the involvement of a phage-induced trypsin-like enzyme.		1977	327685
inhibition of beta-galactosidase synthesis in escherichia coli after infection with different dna and rna phages.	infection of escherichia cooi with t1, t2r+, t3 and t4 phages leads to an immediate inhibition of beta-galactosidase synthesis. similar results were obtained with the virulent mutant of phage lambda. the degree of inhibition of beta-galactosidase synthesis depends on the time delay between the addition of the inducer and the phage particles, and on the amount of phage dna, which has penetrated into the host cell. rna phage ms2 exhibited no inhibitory effect on enzyme synthesis.	1977	328356
further studies on bacteriophage t4 dna synthesis in sucrose-plasmolyzed cells.	this paper describes several technical improvements in the sucrose-plasmolyzed cell system used in earlier experiments on dna synthesis in situ with escherichia coli infected by dna-defective mutants of bacteriophage t4 (w. l. collinsworth and c. k. mathews, j. virol. 13:908-915, 1974). using this system, which is based primarily on that of m. g. wovcha et al. (proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 70:2196-2200, 1973), we reinvestigated the properties of mutants bearing lesions in genes 1, 41, and 62, a ...	1977	328926
bacteria with defective rho factors suppress the effects of n mutations in bacteriophage lambda.	a prediction based on the model for n-gene function of bacteriophage lambda proposed by roberts (1971) is confirmed by showing that a lambdan- double mutant is able to grow in strains of e. coli with defective rho transcription termination factors. the burst sizes for lambdan- in these strains range from 5 to 24% the burst sizes for lambdan+ in the same strain. this low level of suppression is also evident in the levels of synthesis of the lambda exonuclease and is consistent with other evidence ...	1977	329106
water-to-air transfer of virus.	bubbles rising through suspensions of the bacteriophages t2 and t4 and of escherichia coli adsorb and eject these particles in droplets that are formed when the bubbles burst. the concentration of the viruses in ejected droplets, determined from electron microscopy, exceeded the suspension concentration by 50 times. similar results were obtained for escherichia coli. the viability of some of the adsorbed particles was established by biological counts.	1977	329413
effects of pyrrol-carboxylic acid derivatives on the growth of coliphages.	effects of 14 pyrrol-carboxylic acid derivatives and analogues (py-compounds) on the growth of coliphage ms2 using e. coli e102 (hfr) as the host were measured by the agar double-layer method. enlargements of plaque size were observed with 7 py-compounds but increase in plaque numbers was not induced. these enlargements of plaque size were specific to rna coliphages ms2, ga and qbeta and not found with dna coliphages delta ac and t4. furthermore, the interaction between py-compound py-10 and the ...	1977	330014
[mutation of bacteriophage t4 restoring phage supressor psul+ activity in bacterial strain escherichia coli bn].	the mutant of bacteriophage t4psu1+xf2 carrying a mutational aleration in the central region of proline-serine trna precursor is isolated. the mutational alteration results in the recovery of amber suppressor activity of phage psu1+ serine trna in escherichia coli bn in which the synthesis of this trna is normally blocked. since the amber suppressor activity of mutant serine trna becomes sensitive to a restrictive action of strr mutations, its structure seems to be different from that of parenta ...	1977	330314
[recombination of amber mutants of bacteriophage t4b. ii. localization of amber mutants on maps of genes 30, 34, 35, 36 and 38].	localization of 275 amber mutants of five genes of phage t4b (30, 34, 35, 36 and 38) on genetic maps allowed us to determine the recombination length of these genes. gene 34 substantially differs from the rest studied genes by numbers of amber mutants isolated in each gene and by recombination frequency. in particular, according to the results of crossing the flank markers, the recombination length of gene 34 is 10 times greater than in gene 38; using the summary value of recombination frequenci ...	1977	330318
[effect of amino acid substitutions in the polypeptide chain of dna-polymerase on manifestation of the mutator effect].	thin map of gene 43, controlling the synthesis of t4 dna polymerase, is obtained by mapping experiments performed with 39 amber mutants, and is used for analysis of the sites of dna polymerase gene from the point of view of displaying the mutator effect. the mutant sites studied possessed different reaction on amino acid substitutions in the polypeptide chain of the enzyme. most of sites of the dna polymerase gene, with the exception of two "supersensitive", responsed only on the apparent type o ...	1977	330319
inhibitory effect of agents altering the structure of dna on the synthesis of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides in bacteriophage t4 dna replication.		1977	330522
micrococcus luteus correndonucleases. ii. mechanism of action of two endonucleases specific for dna containing pyrimidine dimers.	py pyrimidine dimers py correndonucleases i and ii from micrococcus luteus act exclusively on thymine-thymine, cytosine-cytosine, and thymine-cytosine cyclobutyl dimers in dna, catalyzing incision 5' to the damage and generating 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphoryl termini. both enzymes initiate excision of pyrimidine dimers in vitro by correxonucleases and dna polymerase i. the respective incised dnas, however, differ in their ability to act as substrate for phage t4 polynucleotide ligase or bacterial ...	1977	330526
analysis of the structure of t4 bacteriophage-modified valyl-trna synthetase by limited proteolysis and isoelectric focusing.	the new form of valyl-trna synthetase (ec 6.1.1.9) that appears immediately after infection of escherichia coli with bacteriophage t4 was purified and subjected to mild proteolysis using five different proteases. the inactivation of aminoacylation activity was both more extensive and rapid than that obtained with valyl-trna synthetase purified from uninfected e. coli. the addition of bulk trna from e. coli b protected the phage-specific form of valyl-trna synthetase from proteolysis, but atp and ...	1977	330535
bacteriophage t4 virion dihydrofolate reductase: approaches to quantitation and assessment of function.	this paper is concerned with the physiological role(s) of t4 phage-coded dihydrofolate reductase, which functions both in dna precursor metabolism and as a virion protein. (i) we have detected enzyme activity in noninfectious particles produced under restrictive conditions by gene 11 mutants. this supports the conclusion of kozloff et al. (j. virol. 16:1401-1408, 1975) that the protein lies in the baseplate, covered by the gene 11 protein. (ii) we have obtained further evidence for virion dihydr ...	1977	330880
conditional lethal mutants of bacteriophage t4 unable to grow on a streptomycin resistant mutant of escherichia coli.	sixteen conditional lethal mutants of bacteriophage t4d have been isolated which grow on escherichia coli cr63 (a su+ streptomycin-sensitive k12 strain) but are restricted by cr/s (a streptomycin-resistant derivative of cr63). these mutants have been given the prefix str. four of these mutants are amber and 12 appear to be missense. eleven of the 12 missense mutants appear to be "pseudo-amber" (i.e. they are restricted by a su- e. coli b strain but not by a su- k12 strain); the other missense mu ...	1977	331100
t4 phage-coded deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase: purification and studies on intermolecular interactions.		1977	332172
[in vivo and in vitro studies of phage t4 lysozyme mrna translation].	translation of phage t4 lysozyme mrna is studied in vivo and in vitro. polyribosomes, carrying growing lysozyme polypeptides, are found to be homogenous enough and to contain 6 ribosomes. complete molecules of phage lysozyme, which possess an enzymatic activity and are similar to the native enzyme in its electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel, have been synthetized in vitro on rna isolated from phage-infected cells. the efficiency of rna translation in cell-free system is discussed on th ...	1977	332238
bacteriophage t4 rna ligase: preparation of a physically homogeneous, nuclease-free enzyme from hyperproducing infected cells.	infection of escherichia coli by a bacteriophage t4 rega, gene 44 double mutant leads to about a 7-fold increase in the amount of rna ligase obtained after infection by wild-type phage. using cells infected by the double mutant, rna ligase was purified to homogeneity with a 20% yield. unlike previous preparations of this enzyme, the ligase is free of contaminating nuclease and is therefore suitable for intermolecular ligation of dna substrates. in the course of these studies it was discovered th ...	1977	333400
bacteriophage t4 rna ligase is gene 63 product, the protein that promotes tail fiber attachment to the baseplate.	rna ligase and tail fiber attachment activities, normally induced following bacteriophage t4 infection of escherichia coli, are not induced when gene 63 amber mutants of t4 infect nonpermissive host cells. both activities are induced when these mutants infect permissive hosts, or when revertants of these mutants infect nonpermissive hosts. when one of these mutants infects a host that carries supf, both activities are more than normally heat labile. rna ligase, purified to homogeneity, promotes ...	1977	333436
biochemical mechanism of uracil uptake regulation in escherichia coli b. allosteric effects on uracil phosphoribosyltransferase under stringent conditions.	the regulation of uracil uptake in bacteria was studied in bacteriophage t4-infected cells, where host-specific, stable rna synthesis is completely shut-off by phage, and where phage-specific rna synthesis, which is not stringently regulated, could be followed by a continuous incorporation of uracil. this incorporation into phage rna was found to be dependent on the allelic state of the rel gene and it was thus severely restricted under stringent conditions. this was not the case with adenine, w ...	1977	334763
[regulation of anti-late rna synthesis in bacteriophage t4: a delayed early control].		1977	335074
repair of pyrimidine dimers in radiation-sensitive mutants rad3, rad4, rad6 and rad9 of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the ability to remove ultraviolet (uv)-induced pyrimidine dimers was examined in four radiation-sensitive mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the susceptibility of dna from irradiated cells to nicking by either the t4 uv-endonuclease or an endonuclease activity found in crude extracts of micrococcus luteus was used to measure the presence of dimers in dna. the rad3 and rad4 mutants are shown to be defective in dimer excision whereas the rad6 and rad9 mutants are proficient in dimer excision.	1977	335235
endonucleolytic cleavage of parental dna and t4 late-gene expression: distribution analysis of single-strand and double-strand breaks.	in order to investigate the dependency of late transcription on concurrent dna replication during bacteriophage t4 development, we analyzed the endonucleolytic cleavage kinetics of the dna of a t4 mutant lacking dna polymerase, dna ligase and exonuclease by using the sucrose gradient sedimentation technique. our results can be summarized as follows. 1. the single-strand endonucleolytic cleavage of the t4 mutant dna is not a random process. 2. the number of single-strand nicks reaches a plateau l ...	1977	336368
purification and some novel properties of escherichia coli rnase ii.	rnase ii of escherichia coli (ec 3.1.4.23) has been purified to apparent homogeneity. the k+-activated diesterase activity against poly(u), which defines rnase ii, cochromatographs with activity against t4 mrna or pulse-labeled e. coli rna successively on deae-cellulose, hydroxyapatite or phosphocellulose, and sephadex g-150 columns. activities with both substrates are selectively reduced to less than 2% of the wild type level in a newly isolated mutant strain, s296, or after thermal inactivatio ...	1977	336625
stimulation of cell division by t4 infection in escherichia coli dnaets at nonpermissive temperature.	filamentous cells resulting from growth of a dnaets mutant of escherichia coli at high temperature were stimulated to divide by infection with bacteriophage t4. the effect appears to be related to t4 dna synthesis; no increase in cell number took place in chloramphenicol-treated. t4-infected cells nor in cells infected with dna synthesis-less mutants of t4. the ability of cells to divide after t4 infection was dependent on the length of time that the cells had been grown at 42 degrees c, indicat ...	1977	337113
regulation of the intracellular concentration of t4 induced trna.	we have studied the biosynthesis of t4 induced trna's upon infection of e. coli be cells in low phosphate (l.p.) medium (10(-4) m po---4). under out experimental conditions the onset of phage dna synthesis occurs about 15 min after infection, while the first intracellular phage appears one hour later. amounts of newly synthesized dna and phage burst size are equivalent to the values obtained in standard (m9) medium (10(-1) m po---4). we present evidence that the synthesis of mature trna's and of ...	1977	337117
[agglutinin-like behavior of human haptoglobins toward streptococci with the t4-antigen].		1977	337163
the "patchy" immunodeficiency of cba/n mice.	the in vivo responses of cba/n (which have an x-linked defect of b lymphocyte differentiation) and cba/j normal mice to 2,4,6-trinitrophenylated (tnp) bacteriophage t4 and diplococcus pneumoniae cs variant have been compared. both antigens are thymus-independent (ti), and tnp-cs additionally contains the phosphorylcholine (pc) epitope, cba/n and cba/j mice give tnp plaque-forming cell responses similar in magnitude and avidity although only cba/j give a pc response when challenged with tnp-cs. t ...	1977	338312
purification and properties of deoxythymidine kinase induced by bacteriophage t4 infection.		1977	338602
[results of using dibunol in bladder tumors].	intravesical instillations of 10% dibunol liniment were used for the treatment of 132 patients with bladder tumors. an objective improvement was noted in 62.4%, including considerable lessening of the tumor size in 20% and its disappearance in 8.8% of patients. an efficacy of the treatment was considerably greater in bladder cancer in stages t1--t2 than in stages t3 and t4. the frequency of bladder cancer recurrence is found to be lowered following surgery associated with application of dibunol, ...	1977	339536
phenotypic correction of nonsense mutation carrying non-converting pe5 phages in shigella flexneri with suppressor gene.	(i) phenotypic suppression by aminoglycoside antibiotics of a polyauxotrophic shigella flexneri var. y strain on partially completed minimal medium has shown that its thr dependence is associated with nonsense mutation. induced thr+ revertants selected from the culture yielded clones correcting the lytic cycle of nonsense t4 mutant phages. transfer of r1am plasmid to these clones carrying a nonsense mutation of ampicillin resistance was performed. in this manner a s. flexneri var. y derivative w ...	1977	341654
[immunogenic dna of shigella sonnei bacteriophage].	immunogenic and some other properties of sh, sonnei "ufa" phage dna were investigated. this dna has been shown to possess high immunogenic activity indicating the presence of an unusual base. the base is distinct from 5-omc, glucosylated 5-omc, 5-omu or dihydroxypentyluracil. the phage dna is double stranded and has the molecular weight of 1.11.10(8) daltons and tm=85.5 degrees c. base sequences common with t4 dna have been found using the competition dna-dna hybridization technique. experiments ...	1977	379597
[topological model of bacteriophage-t4 dna replication].	the structure and function of the dna--membrane complex in e. coli cells infected with bacteriophage t4 was studied. the dna--membrane complex was isolated from the cells pulse or uniformly labeled with 3h-thymidine, fractionated by detergent treatment and separated on a discontinuous sucrose gradient. the attachment of small dna fragments to the plasma membrane was analysed. replicating bacteriophage t4 dna was reversibly associated with the cytoplasmic membrane in the wall/membrane adhesion zo ...	1977	377048
the relative contribution of thyroxine and triiodothyronine to the hormone secretion from the perfused canine thyroid during various degrees of stimulation.	the effect of constant infusions of bovine tsh in different concentrations on the pattern of t4 and t3 secretion was examined in perfused canine thyroids isolated in situ. each of the thyroid lobes was isolated and perfused in each animal. it was thus possible to examine the effect of two different concentrations of tsh in the same animal. the latency period was found to be shorter and the increase in hormone release was steeper when a high concentration of tsh (100 microu/ml) was infused than a ...	1977	401020
role of tsh in the changes in thyroidal metabolism of [35s]methimazole in phenobarbital and thyroxine-treated rats.	the effect of phenobarbital (pb) and/or thyroxine on the thyroidal accumulation and oxidation of [35s]methimazole (mmi) and serum tsh levels was studied in rats. pb treatment increased the accumulation of mmi and the serum tsh levels, but concurrent administration of t4 reversed these effects. it was concluded that increased tsh secretion in pb-treated animals was likely to be the major mechanism involved in the increased mmi accumulation. pb also increased the intrathyroidal oxidation of mmi to ...	1977	401027
induction of hypothyroidism and hypoprolactinemia by growth hormone producing rat pituitary tumors.	the gh3 rat pituitary tumor cell line which secretes both growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) stopped releasing prl when transplanted to animals; furthermore, it suppressed prl production by the hosts' pituitary glands. when the same tumor was transferred back to cell culture, prl production resumed. the prl to gh ratio in cell culture medium and cells ranged from 5 to 1 while in the tumor and serum of the host animals it averaged 0.09 and 0.001, respectively. to investigate further this phe ...	1977	401484
the pituitary-thyroid axis in klinefelter's syndrome.	conventional thyroid function indices (serum t4, t3, tsh and thyroidal raiu before and after tsh) appeared to be normal in most of 25 clinically euthyroid patients with chromatine positive klinefelter's syndrome. administration of trh, however, revealed a decreased tsh reserve in the klinefelter patients, both off or on testosterone treatment, in comparison to euthyroidal eugondal male controls. preliminary data suggest that this blunted tsh respnse to trh is not a characteristic of klinefelter' ...	1977	401552
long-term haemodialysis and thyroid function.	several indices of thyroid function were assessed in 74 patients with chronic renal failure. sixty patients had undergone haemodialysis for varying periods. within the first six months of haemodialysis treatment protein-bound iodine and total thyroxine (t4) levels rose, but after this t4 levels and the free thyroxine index fell progressively. three out of the 12 patients who had undergone haemodialysis for longer than three years had subnormal t4 and supranormal thyrotrophin concentrations and a ...	1977	401663
low serum triiodothyronine (t3) and hypothyroidism in anorexia nervosa.	measurements of serum thyroid hormones were compared in 22 patients with typical anorexia nervosa and 22 euthyroid control subjects. serum total triiodothyronine (t3) was (mean +/- (se) 62.1 +/- 7.1 ng/100 ml in anorexia patients and 115.2 +/- 8.4 ng/100 ml in control subjects (p less than 0.001). serum adjusted thyroxine (t4adj) was significantly different in the anorexia (7.1 +/- 0.4) and control (8.2 +/- 0.4) groups. serum t3 was subnormal in 63% and t4adj subnormal in 36% of the 22 anorexia ...	1977	401822
studies on the nature of thyroidal suppression during acute falciparum malaria: integrity of pituitary response to trh and alterations in serum t3 and reverse t3.	the nature of the suppression of the pituitary-thyroid axis during infection was studied by testing the integrity of thyrotropin (tsh) and prolactin (prl) responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) during acute falciparum malaria in human volunteers. during infection, tsh responses to trh were found to be intact while prl secretion was slightly increased. that serum t3 levels abruptly declined during infection while serum t4 was stable or increasing suggested an alteration in peripheral de ...	1977	401826
molecular conformation of ammonium 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate hemihydrate. a fluorescent probe for thyroxine binding to thyroxine binding globulin.	the crystal and molecular structure of the ammonium hemihydrate salt of the fluorescent dye, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ans), has been determined. there are two conformationally distinct molecules in the triclinic p1 lattice. the anilino nitrogen of one molecule has slightly distorted planar geometry, and the overall conformation of the molecule is similar to that observed for the potassium salt of the fluorescent dye 2-p-toluidinyl-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid (tns). the anilino nitrog ...	1977	401889
selective screening procedure for the isolation of heat- and cold-sensitive, dna replication-deficient mutants of bacteriophage spo1 and preliminary characterization of the mutants isolated.	a procedure is described for the selective isolation of temperature-sensitive replication-deficient mutants of bacillus subtilis phage spo1. a modification of the procedure permits the isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants in specific cistrons of interest. the applicability of these procedures to other viral systems is discussed. the mutations isolated were assigned to eight replication-deficient cistrons, with the cold-sensitive mutations showing a distribution strikingly different from th ...	1977	401897
[trh refractory tsh values, triiodothyronine levels and t3/t4 quotients in hypothyroid children treated with t3/t4 preparations (author's transl)].	trh-tests, triiodothyronine (t3), tbi, and thyroxine (t4) determinations were carried out in 23 children with primary hypothyroidism treated with t3/t4-preparations. t3/t4 quotients were calculated. 7 out of 10 patients with trh refractory tsh values and normal t4 levels had t3 values above normal range. in 6 of them pathologically elevated t3/t4 quotients could be observed. a tsh refractory tsh suppression was only found in patients with superior normal t4 values. after a reduction of the repla ...	1977	401919
[thyroid function following thyroidectomy determined by the trh-induced release of thyrotropin (author's transl)].	the response of htsh to trh (400 mug i.v.) was studied in 45 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for various reasons. euthyroid values of t4 and eti were observed in all but one patient. an increased response of htsh to trh (as compared with 15 control subjects) was observed in 12 out of 30 patients operated upon for non-toxic goitre, in one out of nine operated upon for toxic goitre and in three out of six patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma or proliferating adenoma of ...	1977	402051
the effect of basal hypothalamic isolation on pituitary-thyroid activity and the response to propylthiouracil.	basal hypothalamic deafferentation extending from the posterior border of the optic chiasm to the mid-mammillary bodies resulted in depression of plasma tsh, thyroxine (t4), and triiodothyronine (t3) concentration to 50% of normal controls within 7 days. administration of 0.15% propylthiouracil (ptu) in the diet form postoperative day 26 caused a pronounced drop in the plasma t3 level and a rise in plasma tsh level within two days in the control animals, but had little effect during this interva ...	1977	402261
effect of dexamethasone on prolactin and tsh responses to trh and metoclopramide in man.	we studied the effects of administration of dexamethasone, 2 mg orally every 6 h, for 5 days on the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh)-induced release of prolactin (prl), thyrotropin (tsh), triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) in 9 normal men and on the metoclopramide-induced release of prl in 7 normal men. dexamethasone suppressed the baseline serum levels of prl, tsh and t3. the administration of dexamethasone blunted the prl and tsh response to trh; the blunted tsh response resulted in a ...	1977	402375
graves' disease associated with familial deficiency of thyroxine-binding globulin.	five patients presented with symptoms of graves' disease and a marked decrease in their thyroxine-binding globulin (tbg) capacity. while thyrotoxic, mean values +/- sd for the 5 patients were: total thyroxine (tt4) 8.8+/-2.0 mug/100 ml (normal range 4.4-9.3); tbg capacity 6.1+/-1.1 mug t4/100 ml (normal range 16-24); free thyroxine index (fti) 25.3+/-8.9 (normal range 3.6-9.3); and total triiodo-thyronine (tt3) 244+/-56 ng/100 ml (normal range 80-160). when euthyroid, both tt4 (2.8+/-0.8 mug/100 ...	1977	402376
thyroid function in molar pregnancy.	various aspects of thyroid hormone economy were examined in 15 patients with molar pregnancy and in 5 patients with choriocarcinoma. none of the patients with molar pregnancy was clinically thyrotoxic, though serum thyroxine (t4) was increased in 13 and free t4 concentrations were above normal in four of ten in whom measurements were made. in 2 patients with elevated serum t4 levels and in one patient with normal serum t4 levels, the daily rate of t4 disposal was increase, and most of 131i deriv ...	1977	402378
the comparative effect of t4 and t3 on the tsh response to trh in young adult men.	the effect of graded increments of chronically administered oral t4 or t3 on the tsh response to trh was studied in normal young adult men. the tsh response was assessed in the baseline state and after each increment of each hormone (two weeks at each dose level) using both 30 mug and 500 mug doses of trh. each thyroid hormone caused a dose-related decrease in the tsh response to trh; thus the tsh response could be used as a bioassay for the biologic activity of the thyroid hormones in man. the ...	1977	402379
serum levels of thyrotropin, thyroid hormones and their response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in infective febrile illnesses.	in 25 patients suffering from fever of infection, serum levels of thyrotropin (tsh), thyroxine (t4), triiodothyronine (t3), and thyroxine binding globulin (tbg) were estimated on two consecutive days during the febrile period and again 3 to 10 days after the fever had subsided. the serum tsh and t3 responses to 100 mug iv trh were also studied during fever. hormones were estimated by specific radioimmunoassays and tbg by radioligand binding assay. as compared with age and sex matched normal cont ...	1977	402380
age-related change in pituitary threshold for tsh release during thyroxine replacement therapy for cretinism.	nine patients with athyrotic or ectopic cretinism ages 6 mo.-17 yrs-were studied to examine the relation between age and the quantities of oral l-thyroxine (t4) adequate to restore tsh hypersecretion to normal levels by feedback control. all but one patient had very low levels of endogenous t4 (below 1.0 mug/100 ml) before treatment. however, based on clinical signs and serum t4-1 values, all were judged to be euthyroid or sub-clinically hyperthyroid by l-t4 replacement during the observation pe ...	1977	402383
carcinoma of the tonsil: results of radical irradiation with surgery reserved for radiation failure.	this analysis reviews the treatment results of 58 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil who were treated by radical irradiation to the primary, with operation reserved for radiation failures. postirradiation radical neck dissection was sometimes added as part of the initial treatment plan. the local control and absolute survival rates for t1-t2 lesions were quite good, and complications were minimal. on the other hand, the local control and absolute survival for t3-t4 lesions were ...	1977	402523
[the estimation of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyro-binding-index, and free-thyroxine-index in the newborn (author's transl)].	because of the importance of early diagnosis of hypothyroidism normal values of thyroxine (t4), thyro-binding-index (tbi), free thyroxine-index (fti) and triiodothyronine (t3) in the serum of newborns were established. in extremely premature babies as in early fetal life the total thyroxine is relatively low. the lowest serum thyroxine in newborns without hypothyroidism was found in a premature infant with a birth weight of 750 g, i.e. 4.8 mug/100 ml on the 4th day of life. otherwise the t4 valu ...	1977	402548
serum prolactin in patients with "functionless" chromophobe adenomas before and after therapy.	the immunoreactive serum human prolactin (prl) level was measured before and after intravenous administration of 500 mug of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (trh) in 11 patients with "functionless" chromophobe adenomas before and after surgery and after radiotherapy in 6 of these patients. the results were compared to other pituitary function tests. two of the patients studied had recurrent disease after previous pituitary surgery and radiotherapy. five patients had pituitary surgery through the t ...	1977	402758
treatment of endogenous depressions with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) under oral administration.	in a double-blind study among six patients suffering from endogenous depression, three patients received thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) administered orally in doses of 20 mg three times a day for 3 weeks. in an open controlled study of three patients suffering from endogenous depression, two patients received oral trh 20 mg four times a day for 2 weeks. degree of depression according to hamilton's rating scale measured during the study showed that trh had no antidepressant effect. thyroxine ...	1977	402795
influence of d-thyroxine on plasma thyroid hormone levels and tsh secretion.	triiodothyronine (t3), thyroxine (t4), basal tsh and tsh after stimulation with trh were determined in healthy subjects and patients treated with d-thyroxine (dt4). after a dosage of 6 mg dt4 the d/l t4 plasma concentration rose about 4-fold 4 hours after application and was only moderately elevated 14 hours later. to achieve constantly elevated t4 levels 3 mg dt4 were applied in the further experiment every 12 hours. the d/l t4 plasma concentration rose 2.5-4-fold and there was a small but sign ...	1977	403117
in vitro interaction of neisseria gonorrhoeae type 1 and type 4 with tissue culture cells.	as a basis for studies of gonococcal pathogenicity, tissue culture cells were infected with type 1 or type 4 neisseria gonorrhoeae to determine intracellular viability. a simple and objective means of measurement was devised, based on the uptake of tritiated protein and deoxyribonucleic acid precursors by cycloheximide-inhibited cells infected with gonococci. cycloheximide was found to inhibit protein synthesis by over 97% tissue culture cells at a concentration of 100 microng/ml. in contrast, n ...	1977	403139
selective inhibition of bacillus subtilis sporulation by acridine orange and promethazine.	two structurally similar compounds were found to inhibit sporulation in bacillus subtilis 168. a dye, acridine orange, and an antischizophrenic drug, promethazine, blocked spore formation at concentrations subinhibitory to vegetative growth, while allowing synthesis of serine protease, antibiotic, and certain catabolite-repressed enzymes. the sporulation process was sensitive to promethazine through t2, whereas acridine orange was inhibitory until t4. the drug-treated cells were able to support ...	1977	403172
altered outer membrane protein in different colonial types of neisseria gonorrhoeae.	dark-colored colony types of neisseria gonorrhoeae (t3 and dark variants of t1 and t2) had markedly increased amounts of an approximately 28,000-dalton outer membrane protein, as compared with light-colored colony types (t4 and light variants of t1 and t2). the presence of this protein appeared to be unrelated to piliation. the apparent molecular weight of this protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels varied, depending on methods used to solubilize envelope proteins. in view of the ...	1977	403181