Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
respiratory syncytial virus induces leukotriene c4 synthase expression in bronchial epithelial cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) results in acute wheezing in infants and is frequently associated with recurrent wheezing. although rsv-induced wheezing clinically resembles that of asthma, corticosteroids are not equivalently effective in rsv-associated wheezing. the study sought to determine the mechanisms of rsv-induced wheezing by establishing an in vitro model of rsv-infected human bronchial epithelial cells (16-hbec).201324188202
discovery of a potent respiratory syncytial virus rna polymerase inhibitor.targeting viral polymerases has been a proven and attractive strategy for antiviral drug discovery. herein we describe our effort in improving the antiviral activity and physical properties of a series of benzothienoazepine compounds as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rna polymerase inhibitors. the antiviral activity and spectrum of this class was significantly improved by exploring the amino substitution of the pyridine ring, resulting in the discovery of the most potent rsv a polymerase inhi ...201324211022
respiratory syncytial virus-associated intensive care unit admission in children in southern china.there are incomplete data on the global burden of viral lower respiratory tract infection, in particular the role of respiratory syncytial virus, in children requiring health services.201324206961
palivizumab prophylaxis during respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in neonatal intensive care unit: author's reply. 201324205516
safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated rsv vaccine in healthy rsv-seronegative children 5 to 24 months of age.despite substantial morbidity associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, there is no licensed vaccine. medi-559 is a live attenuated intranasal vaccine candidate being developed for prevention of lower respiratory illness due to rsv in young children. this randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated safety of medi-559 in healthy, rsv-seronegative children. medi-559 or placebo was administered on 3 occasions, 2 months apart. primary safety was based on solicited symptoms (sss ...201324204744
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) modulation at the virus-host interface affects immune outcome and disease pathogenesis.the dynamics of the virus-host interface in the response to respiratory virus infection is not well-understood; however, it is at this juncture that host immunity to infection evolves. respiratory viruses have been shown to modulate the host response to gain a replication advantage through a variety of mechanisms. viruses are parasites and must co-opt host genes for replication, and must interface with host cellular machinery to achieve an optimal balance between viral and cellular gene expressi ...201324198740
challenges and opportunities for respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes a significant proportion of the global burden of respiratory disease. here we summarize the conclusions of a series of chapters written by investigators describing and interpreting what is known about the virology, clinical manifestations, immunity, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of rsv relevant to vaccine development. several technological and conceptual advances have recently occurred that make rsv vaccine development more feasible, and this collected k ...201324362701
human airway epithelial cell cultures for modeling respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human respiratory pathogen with narrow species tropism. limited availability of human pathologic specimens during early rsv-induced lung disease and ethical restrictions for rsv challenge studies in the lower airways of human volunteers has slowed our understanding of how rsv causes airway disease and greatly limited the development of therapeutic strategies for reducing rsv disease burden. our current knowledge of rsv infection and pathology is ...201324362700
the mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus disease.the laboratory mouse is the species of choice for most immunological studies, ranging from simple vaccine testing to the intricate dissection of fundamental immunopathogenic mechanisms. although not fully mouse adapted, some strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replicate in the murine respiratory tract and induce specific t and b cell responses. passive transfer of neutralising antibody is protective and assist in viral clearance. in addition, many of rsv's complex behaviours are recapit ...201324362699
the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus model of respiratory syncytial virus infection.the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus is a new world rodent that has become an important model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. this small animal is relatively permissive to rsv and can be infected throughout life. it recapitulates the pathology associated with the fi-rsv vaccine-enhanced disease, the phenomenon of maternally transmitted immunity and the ability of passive immunity to suppress efficacy of rsv vaccines. different highly susceptible human cohort scenarios have been model ...201324362698
subunit and virus-like particle vaccine approaches for respiratory syncytial virus.despite its impact on global health, there is no vaccine available for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. failure to develop a licensed vaccine is not due to lack of effort, as numerous vaccine candidates have been characterized in preclinical and clinical studies spanning five decades. the vaccine candidates thus far explored can be generally divided into four categories: (1) whole inactivated virus, (2) replication competent, attenuated virus including recombinant v ...201324362695
live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines offer several advantages for immunization of infants and young children: (1) they do not cause vaccine-associated enhanced rsv disease; (2) they broadly stimulate innate, humoral, and cellular immunity, both systemically and locally in the respiratory tract; (3) they are delivered intranasally; and (4) they replicate in the upper respiratory tract of young infants despite the presence of passively acquired maternally derived rsv neutrali ...201324362694
respiratory syncytial virus disease: prevention and treatment.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most clinically important viruses infecting young children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. over the past decade, the most significant advance in the prevention of rsv disease has been the development of high-titered antibody products. infection control is the only other strategy to prevent rsv disease. a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the fusion (f) protein palivizumab, (synagis®, medimmune, inc., gaithersburg, md), is give ...201324362693
consequences of immature and senescent immune responses for infection with respiratory syncytial virus.infants in the first 6 months of life and older adults (>65 years of age) are disproportionately burdened with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated morbidity and mortality. while other factors play a role in the risk these groups assume, shortcomings of the immune response make a substantial contribution to the predisposition to severe disease. ineffectual antibody production with misdirected cytokine responses and excess inflammation in the airways are common to both groups. however, th ...201324362692
host gene expression and respiratory syncytial virus infection.advances in rna interference (rnai) and transcription studies have facilitated the application of systematic cell-based loss- or gain-of-function and cell response screening that enable genome-wide analysis of cell factors involved in viral replication and disease. application of both experimental and computational biology approaches have led to crucial insights into virus infection, its life cycle, and host gene targets for disease intervention. a better understanding of the spatial and tempora ...201324362691
respiratory syncytial virus mechanisms to interfere with type 1 interferons.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a member of the paramyxoviridae family that consists of viruses with nonsegmented negative-strand rna genome. infection by these viruses triggers the innate antiviral response of the host, mainly type i interferon (ifn). essentially all other viruses of this family produce ifn suppressor functions by co-transcriptional rna editing. in contrast, rsv has evolved two unique nonstructural proteins, ns1 and ns2, to effectively serve this purpose. together, ns1 and ...201324362690
the adaptive immune response to respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. the combined actions of cd4 and cd8 t cells play a critical role in terminating an acute rsv infection whereas antibodies can provide protection from re-infection. despite eliciting an immune response that mediates clearance of the virus, immunity to the virus appears to wane over time and individuals remain susceptible to reinfection with rsv throughout their lifetime. ...201324362689
innate immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection.the innate immune response has a critical role in the initial stages of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and provides important instructional control that determines the direction of the acquired immune response and the severity of subsequent disease. contributions to innate immunity include responses initiated in epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. the initiation and the intensity of the response depends upon the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns ( ...201324362688
human genetics and respiratory syncytial virus disease: current findings and future approaches.infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can result in a wide spectrum of pulmonary manifestations, from mild upper respiratory symptoms to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. although there are several known risk factors for severe rsv disease, namely, premature birth, chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, and t cell immunodeficiency, the majority of young children who develop severe rsv disease are otherwise healthy children. genetic susceptibility to rsv infection is emergin ...201324362687
respiratory syncytial virus and reactive airway disease.reactive airway disease (rad) is a general term for respiratory illnesses manifested by wheezing. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) results in wheezing, either by causing bronchiolitis or by inducing acute exacerbations of asthma. there has been a long-standing interest in whether severe rsv bronchiolitis in infancy is a risk factor for the development of asthma later in childhood. while epidemiologic studies have suggested that such a link exists, a very recent study suggests that infants with ...201324362686
structure and function of respiratory syncytial virus surface glycoproteins.the two major glycoproteins on the surface of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) virion, the attachment glycoprotein (g) and the fusion glycoprotein (f), control the initial phases of infection. g targets the ciliated cells of the airways, and f causes the virion membrane to fuse with the target cell membrane. the f protein is the major target for antiviral drug development, and both g and f glycoproteins are the antigens targeted by neutralizing antibodies induced by infection. in this chapt ...201324362685
influence of respiratory syncytial virus strain differences on pathogenesis and immunity.molecular epidemiology studies have provided convincing evidence of antigenic and sequence variability among respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates. circulating viruses have been classified into two antigenic groups (a and b) that correlate with well-delineated genetic groups. most sequence and antigenic differences (both inter- and intra-groups) accumulate in two hypervariable segments of the g-protein gene. sequences of the g gene have been used for phylogenetic analyses. these studies hav ...201324362684
clinical and epidemiologic features of respiratory syncytial virus.since its discovery in 1955, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has consistently been noted to be the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants <1 year of age. rsv also causes repeat infections and significant disease throughout life. in addition to the young child, persons with compromised immune, pulmonary or cardiac systems, and the elderly have significant risk from infection. though rsv causes the full spectrum of acute respiratory illnesses, it is most notabl ...201324362683
decrease in formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) enhanced disease with rsv g glycoprotein peptide immunization in balb/c mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a high priority target for vaccine development. one concern in rsv vaccine development is that a non-live virus vaccine would predispose for enhanced disease similar to that seen with the formalin inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) vaccine. since a mab specific to rsv g protein can reduce pulmonary inflammation and eosinophilia seen after rsv infection of fi-rsv vaccinated mice, we hypothesized that rsv g peptides that induce antibodies with similar reactivity may limi ...201324376637
emergency department surveillance as a proxy for the prediction of circulating respiratory viral disease in eastern ontario.seasonal outbreaks of winter respiratory viruses are responsible for increases in morbidity and mortality in the community. previous studies have used hospitalizations, intensive care unit and emergency department (ed) visits as indicators of seasonal influenza incidence.201324421826
a model of the costs of community and nosocomial pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections in canadian hospitals.approximately one in 10 hospitalized patients will acquire a nosocomial infection (ni) after admission to hospital, of which 71% are due to respiratory viruses, including the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). nis are concerning and lead to prolonged hospitalizations. the economics of nis are typically described in generalized terms and specific cost data are lacking.201324421788
the impact of viral genotype on pathogenesis and disease severity: respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinoviruses.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lri) and viral death in infants. rsv disease in infants is characterized by epithelial desquamation, neutrophilic bronchiolitis and pneumonia and obstructive pulmonary mucus. human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are by far the most common cause of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infection (uri) in people and are more recently appreciated as a significant cause of lri. rsv and hrv are also implicated in asthma p ...201324455766
risk factors for hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infection in preterm infants on palivizumab prophylaxis.to determine the risk factors associated with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) related hospitalizations in preterm infants receiving palivizumab throughout the high season for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection.201324910750
[relevant pathogenesis of heat and phlegm in infantile viral pneumonia: an analysis by association rules].to study the application of association rules in chinese medical pathogeneses and pathologies of heat and phlegm in infantile viral pneumonia.201324483108
viral infections and the development of asthma in children.viral aetiology, host susceptibility (in particular allergic predisposition and sensitization), and illness severity, timing and frequency all appear to contribute as synergistic factors to the risk of developing asthma. experimental models have shown both innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to this risk with lung inflammatory cells showing marked differences in phenotype and function in young compared with older animals, and these differences are further enhanced following virus inf ...201325165549
adherence to immunoprophylaxis regimens for respiratory syncytial virus infection in insured and medicaid populations.immunoprophylaxis is the only pharmaceutical intervention for mitigating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. patient level data on adherence to american academy of pediatrics (aap) immunoprophylaxis recommendations are limited. this study characterizes adherence to aap guidelines in privately insured and medicaid populations.201324921044
[the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections].acute respiratory viral infections (arvi) and influenza take a leading place in the structure of the general morbidity of the population in most countries of the world. of etiotropic treatment of influenza and other arvi include a wide spectrum of antiviral drugs, among which are the drugs with a restricted spectrum, basically used in influenza, and a general spectrum used in influenza and other arvi as a prophylactic or therapeutic intention. at present time, there is a widespread antiviral dru ...201324605619
corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonists prevent double-stranded rna-induced upregulation of b7-h1 on airway epithelium.airway viral infections provoke exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. b7-h1 is a costimulatory molecule that is implicated in an escape mechanism of viruses from host immune systems. this escape may be associated with the persistence of viral infection and lead to exacerbation of underlying diseases. we have shown that an analog of viral double-stranded rna, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly ic), upregulated the expression of b7-h1 on airway epithelial cells, an ...201322948082
frequency of common viruses in etiology of acute respiratory tract infections.to determine the frequency rate of c. pneumoniae, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, metapneumovirus, adenovirus', parainfluenza virus and coronavirus in acute respiratory tract infections in children.201323054853
an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outpatients: good outcome without specific antiviral treatment.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of seasonal respiratory viral infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (hsct) patients. the efficacy of treatment, however, remains controversial. we describe an outbreak of 31 cases of rsv that occurred in an hsct outpatient care unit in the fall season from march through may 2010, with a good outcome without any specific antiviral treatment.201322783905
hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in preterm infants at <33 weeks gestation without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the castor study.this study was conducted during the 2008-2009 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) season in france to compare hospitalization rates for bronchiolitis (rsv-confirmed and all types) between very preterm infants (<33 weeks' gestational age, wga) without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and full-term infants (39-41 wga) matched for date of birth, gender and birth location, and to evaluate the country-specific risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization. data on hospitalizations were collected both retros ...201322697130
pericardial effusion in an infant with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.respiratory syncytial virus is the most common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants. respiratory syncytial virus infection is also associated with a number of extrapulmonary manifestations, including the cardiac system. pericardial effusion, however, is a very rare occurrence with respiratory syncytial virus infection. we report a very young infant with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis whose clinical course was associated with pericardial effusion, treated conse ...201322694896
6 cmh2o continuous positive airway pressure versus conventional oxygen therapy in severe viral bronchiolitis: a randomized trial.to compare the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (ncpap) and conventional oxygen therapy on the clinical signs of respiratory distress and the respiratory muscle workload in acute viral bronchiolitis.201322431446
epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in kuala lumpur, malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years.viral respiratory tract infections (rti) are relatively understudied in southeast asian tropical countries. in temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. a retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with rti in a tertiary h ...201222429933
lower respiratory infections among hospitalized children in new caledonia: a pilot study for the pneumonia etiology research for child health project.we conducted a prospective pilot study over a 1-year period in new caledonia in preparation for the pneumonia research for child health (perch) project. the pathogens associated with hospitalized lower respiratory infections in children were identified through the use of culture of induced sputum and blood, urinary antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on respiratory specimens, and serology on paired sera. respiratory viruses were detected on respiratory specimens by immunofluoresce ...201222403234
[study on the effect of realgar nanoparticles on reducing the respiratory syncytial virus type a (rsv-a) replication in vitro].this study was to establish a model to explore anti- rsv effect of different administration method of chinese medicine realgar on respiratory syncytial virus type a (rsv-a) replication in hep-2 cells. using high-energy ball milling with distilled water to prepare realgar nanoparticles,the concentration of nanometer realgar was tested by molybdenum blue staining method and the size of realgar nanoparticles was tested on nano series. cell culture with ribavirin as a positive control was applied to ...201222416349
mortality and morbidity of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in ventilated children--a ten year perspective.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common pathogens involved in nosocomial infection in children. the aim of the study was to determine the impact of nosocomial rsv infection on mortality and pediatric intensive care unit (picu) morbidity of ventilated children.201222415435
differential expression of cytokines in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection of calves with high or low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin d3.deficiency of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d(3) has been related to increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections in children. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of low respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. the neonatal calf model of rsv infection shares many features in common with rsv infection in infants and children. in the present study, we hypothesized that calves with low circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d(3) (25(oh)d(3)) would be ...201222412984
in vitro modeling of respiratory syncytial virus infection of pediatric bronchial epithelium, the primary target of infection in vivo.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral cause of severe pulmonary disease in young infants worldwide. however, the mechanisms by which rsv causes disease in humans remain poorly understood. to help bridge this gap, we developed an ex vivo/in vitro model of rsv infection based on well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells (wd-pbecs), the primary targets of rsv infection in vivo. our rsv/wd-pbec model demonstrated remarkable similarities to hallmarks of rsv infec ...201222411804
evaluation of viral load in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus.the relationship between viral load, disease severity and antiviral immune activation in infants suffering from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated bronchiolitis has not been well identified. the main objective of this study was to determine the existence of a correlation between rsv load and disease severity and also between different clinical markers and mrna levels of the interferon stimulated gene (isg)56 in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. we also evaluated whether viral loa ...201222406873
plasticity and virus specificity of the airway epithelial cell immune response during respiratory virus infection.airway epithelial cells (aecs) provide the first line of defense in the respiratory tract and are the main target of respiratory viruses. here, using oligonucleotide and protein arrays, we analyze the infection of primary polarized human aec cultures with influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and we show that the immune response of aecs is quantitatively and qualitatively virus specific. differentially expressed genes (degs) specifically induced by influenza virus and not by rsv ...201222398282
prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus in adult immunocompromised patients.to review the literature regarding current strategies and strategies under active development for the prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in immunocompromised adults.201222395247
resveratrol inhibits respiratory syncytial virus-induced il-6 production, decreases viral replication, and downregulates trif expression in airway epithelial cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common pathogen responsible for lower respiratory diseases in children. so far, there is no effective treatment or preventative vaccine available for rsv infection, although ribavirin and dexamethasone are commonly prescribed. resveratrol has been shown to inhibit the replication of several other viruses, thus the effect of resveratrol on rsv-induced inflammatory mediators in 9hteo cell cultures was evaluated, and possible mechanisms of action were e ...201222391746
respiratory viral infections during the first 28 days after transplantation in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.respiratory viruses (rvs) are a known cause of morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). in this retrospective study, we focused on the first 28 d after transplantation in pediatric hsct recipients and showed that a multiplex pcr assay significantly increased rv detection compared with a viral culture method. among 176 pediatric hsct recipients, 84 with respiratory symptoms within one yr after hsct were tested by viral culture or multiplex pcr. within 28 d aft ...201222385011
dual role of respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein fragment as a mucosal immunogen and chemotactic adjuvant.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infancy and early childhood. despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine to prevent rsv infection. the g glycoprotein of rsv, a major attachment protein, is a potentially important target for protective antiviral immune responses and has been shown to exhibit chemotactic activity through cx3c mimicry. here, we show that sublingual or intranasal immunization of a purified g prote ...201222384186
respiratory syncytial virus ns1 protein colocalizes with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein mavs following infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural protein 1(ns1) attenuates type-i interferon (ifn) production during rsv infection; however the precise role of rsv ns1 protein in orchestrating the early host-virus interaction during infection is poorly understood. since ns1 constitutes the first rsv gene transcribed and the production of ifn depends upon rlr (rig-i-like receptor) signaling, we reasoned that ns1 may interfere with this signaling. herein, we report that ns1 is localized to mitochon ...201222383950
molecular epidemiology of the attachment glycoprotein (g) gene in respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infection in japan in 2009/2010.this study performed a detailed genetic analysis of the glycoprotein (g) gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) detected in 50 japanese children with acute respiratory infection (ari) in the 2009/2010 season. a phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbour-joining method showed that 34 and 16 of the rsv strains could be classified into subgroups a and b, respectively. strains belonging to subgroups a and b were further subdivided into ga2 and ba, respectively. the nucleotide and deduced amin ...201222383445
a new biflavonoid with antiviral activity from the roots of wikstroemia indica.a new biflavonoid, 4'-methoxydaphnodorin e, was isolated from the antiviral fraction of wikstroemia indica against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). its structure was determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data including hr-esi-ms and 2d nmr. the biflavonoid was tested for its in vitro anti-rsv activity with cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay, and displayed potent effect with 50% inhibitory concentration (ic₅₀) value of 2.8 μm and selective index (si) value of 5.4.201222375879
evaluation of interleukin 28b single nucleotide polymorphisms in infants suffering from bronchiolitis.the genetic diversity of the host is believed to be the key of the diversity in the clinical presentation of bronchiolitis. the aim of this study was to determine whether the known rs12979860 and rs8099917 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in interleukin (il)28b region, influence clinical features and natural history of bronchiolitis. both snps showed no significant association with the risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), viral load, disease severity, and other cl ...201222374338
inflammatory responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and the development of immunomodulatory pharmacotherapeutics.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv; family paramyxoviridae, genus pneumovirus) is a major respiratory pathogen of infants and children and an emerging pathogen of the elderly. current management of rsv disease includes monoclonal antibody prophylaxis for infants identified as high risk and supportive care for those with active infection; there is no vaccine, although several are under study. in this manuscript, we review published findings from human autopsy studies, as well as experiments that fo ...201222360479
[veno-arterial ecmo as bridge to recovery. cardiogenic shock and suspected myocarditis in a 37-year-old patient].we report a case of a 37-year-old patient presenting with fulminant cardiogenic shock, almost noncontractile ventricles, followed by electromechanical dissociation. during performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device (va ecmo) was implanted, which became necessary for 13 days. subsequently, a total arrest of ventricular function was observed and prominent multiple organ failure emerged. a rapid test for respiratory syncytial virus was p ...201222349535
palivizumab and emerging therapies for respiratory syncytial virus. 201222348302
influence of common non-synonymous toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms on bronchopulmonary dysplasia and prematurity in human infants.bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) is a common chronic lung disease and major risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among preterm infants. the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is involved in oxidative injury responses in the lungs. two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the tlr4 gene have been associated with rsv infection in children. however, it is unclear to what extent this association is confounded by bpd or prematurity. in this study, we analyzed two po ...201222348075
update on emerging infections: news from the centers for disease control and prevention. respiratory syncytial virus--united states, july 2007-june 2011. 201222340800
palivizumab for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with cystic fibrosis.respiratory syncytial virus infection causes acute lung infection in infants and young children worldwide, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. children with cystic fibrosis are prone to recurrent lung inflammation, bacterial colonisation and subsequent chronic airway disease, putting them at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring intensive care and respiratory support. no treatment currently exists, hence prevention is important. palivizumab is effective ...201222336832
influence of maternal asthma on the cause and severity of infant acute respiratory tract infections.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus infections are the most common significant infant respiratory tract illnesses and are associated with increased but differential risks of childhood asthma.201222336082
respiratory syncytial virus infection in adult populations.respiratory syncytial virus, generally recognized for its role as the major respiratory pathogen in newborn infants and young children, is also a significant pathogen in adults. it is a frequent cause of upper and lower respiratory illness among all age groups, although it often goes unrecognized in adults unless highly sensitive molecular diagnostic tests are used. all rsv infections in adults represent re-infection and are generally mild to moderate in severity, although persons with certain h ...201222335500
the non-structural proteins of rsv: targeting interferon antagonists for vaccine development.over fifty years have passed since the identification of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as an important pediatric pathogen. however, an effective vaccine is still lacking. immunization with formalin-inactivated rsv resulted in vaccine-enhanced disease; thus, a greater focus has been placed more recently on developing live attenuated rsv vaccines. the difficulty in identifying a live attenuated vaccine candidate has been balancing appropriate attenuation with sufficient immunogenicity. with th ...201222335499
the burgeoning burden of respiratory syncytial virus among children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was first isolated from infants by chanock and colleagues in 1957. however, control of this ubiquitous agent has yet to be achieved. rsv is recognized as the primary cause of hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) among infants worldwide. among children < 5 years old, annual hospitalization rates in the united states (us) is 3/1000 children, and rates in canada and european countries are similar. in the us the hospitalization rate is 3 ...201222335498
protein-protein interactions in rsv assembly: potential targets for attenuating rsv strains.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide, with no effective treatment or vaccine available. steady progress has been made in understanding the respiratory syncytial virus lifecycle and the consequences of infection, but some areas of rsv still remain poorly understood. although many of the interactions between virus proteins that are required for efficient rsv assembly have been elucidated, many questions still remain regarding viral a ...201222335497
long-term respiratory outcome of babies born prematurely.chronic respiratory morbidity is a common adverse outcome of premature birth, particularly in infants who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd). prematurely born infants who had bpd may require supplementary oxygen at home for many months, but few remain oxygen dependent beyond 2 years of age. readmission to hospital is common, particularly for those who had bpd, but only in the first 2 years after birth. the readmissions are usually for respiratory problems, particularly respiratory syncytia ...201222323441
comparing pandemic to seasonal influenza mortality: moderate impact overall but high mortality in young children.we assessed the severity of the 2009 influenza pandemic by comparing pandemic mortality to seasonal influenza mortality. however, reported pandemic deaths were laboratory-confirmed - and thus an underestimation - whereas seasonal influenza mortality is often more inclusively estimated. for a valid comparison, our study used the same statistical methodology and data types to estimate pandemic and seasonal influenza mortality.201222319616
a critical phenylalanine residue in the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein cytoplasmic tail mediates assembly of internal viral proteins into viral filaments and particles.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a single-stranded rna virus in the paramyxoviridae family that assembles into filamentous structures at the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells. these filaments contain viral genomic rna and structural proteins, including the fusion (f) protein, matrix (m) protein, nucleoprotein (n), and phosphoprotein (p), while excluding f-actin. it is known that the f protein cytoplasmic tail (fct) is necessary for filament formation, but the mechanism by which th ...201222318318
the promise, pitfalls and progress of rna-interference-based antiviral therapy for respiratory viruses.advances in the understanding of rna biological processing and control are leading to new concepts in human therapeutics with practical implications for many human diseases, including antiviral therapy of respiratory viruses. so-called 'non-coding rna' exerts specific and profound functional control on regulation of protein production and indeed controls the expression of all genes through processes collectively known as rna interference (rnai). rnai is a naturally occurring intracellular proces ...201222311654
antibodies for prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes respiratory illness in all ages, and is the leading cause of hospitalizations of infants and children around the world. those at increased risk for severe disease include infants with congenital heart disease, premature infants, children with neuromuscular disease, airway abnormalities, underlying immunodeficiencies and the elderly. attempts to develop a safe and effective vaccine have been unsuccessful thus far. however, significant progress ha ...201222311607
antiviral therapies for respiratory viral infections in lung transplant patients.because the lung is in constant contact with the environment, infections with respiratory viruses are a common and potentially serious complication of lung transplantation. infection can cause direct effects, typically manifested as respiratory symptoms and changes in pulmonary function, and indirect effects, such as an enhanced risk of developing chronic allograft rejection. infections with all of the identified respiratory viruses have been associated with infection in lung transplant recipien ...201222311542
rsv hospitalisation and healthcare utilisation in moderately prematurely born infants.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with chronic respiratory morbidity in infants born very prematurely. our aims were to determine if infants born moderately prematurely (32--35 weeks of gestation) who had had an rsv hospitalisation, compared to those who had not, had greater healthcare utilisation and related cost of care in the first 2 years. two thousand and sixty-six eligible infants' records were examined to identify three groups: 20 infants admitted for an rsv lower ...201222302458
interleukin-27 inhibits vaccine-enhanced pulmonary disease following respiratory syncytial virus infection by regulating cellular memory responses.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children. in the 1960s, infants vaccinated with formalin-inactivated rsv developed a more severe disease characterized by excessive inflammatory immunopathology in lungs upon natural rsv infection. the fear of causing the vaccine-enhanced disease (ved) is an important obstacle for development of safe and effective rsv vaccines. the recombinant vaccine candidate g1f/m2 immunization also led t ...201222301139
long term respiratory outcomes of very premature birth (<32 weeks).many very prematurely born infants develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), remaining oxygen dependent for many months and requiring frequent rehospitalisations. troublesome, recurrent respiratory symptoms requiring treatment and lung function abnormalities at follow-up are common. the most severely affected may remain symptomatic with evidence of airways obstruction even as adults. data from adolescents and adults on the respiratory outcome of extreme prematurity, however, are usually from pat ...201222300711
respiratory syncytial virus infection and immunity.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause for childhood hospitalization and respiratory distress, being recognized as a major health and economic burden worldwide. rsv can exploit host immunity and cause a strong inflammatory response that leads to lung damage and virus dissemination. unfortunately, the immune response elicited by rsv normally fails to protect against subsequent exposures to the virus. despite intense research during the 50 years after the discovery of rsv, scientis ...201222290692
mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus modulation of airway immune responses.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) most often causes severe respiratory disease in the very young and the elderly. acute disease can also cause exacerbations of asthma in any age group. recent findings provide insight into how the innate and adaptive immune systems respond to rsv infection and provide preliminary evidence that these effects vary significantly by rsv strain and host. components of cell signaling pathways that induce inflammatory cytokine expression during the innate immune respons ...201222692775
[expression and role of sugar chains on airway mucus during the exacerbation of airway inflammation].human bronchial mucins, such as muc5ac, have traditionally been defined as a family of high-molecular weight glycoproteins. changes in the contents of sugar chains on muc5ac are among the fundamental features in inflammatory respiratory disease. the changes have been shown to lead to unfavorable alterations in the viscosity of mucus, resulting in impairment of mucociliary transport, vulnerability to viral/bacterial infection as sugar chains play an important role in adhesion of some viruses and ...201222687728
eicosanoids and respiratory viral infection: coordinators of inflammation and potential therapeutic targets.viruses are frequent causes of respiratory infection, and viral respiratory infections are significant causes of hospitalization, morbidity, and sometimes mortality in a variety of patient populations. lung inflammation induced by infection with common respiratory pathogens such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus is accompanied by increased lung production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, lipid mediators with a wide range of effects on host immune function. deficiency or pharmacolog ...201222665949
respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein induces lung epithelial cell cycle arrest through a p53 dependent pathway.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of viral respiratory infections in children. our previous study showed that the rsv infection induced lung epithelial cell cycle arrest, which enhanced virus replication. to address the mechanism of rsv-induced cell cycle arrest, we examined the contribution of rsv-matrix (rsv-m) protein. in this report, we show that in both the a549 cell line and primary human bronchial epithelial (phbe) cells, transfection with rsv-m protein caused the cells ...201222662266
rapid acute onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in a lung transplant recipient after respiratory syncytial virus infection.bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos) can have either an acute or chronic onset with an abrupt or insidious course. the diagnosis is typically achieved by physiological criteria with development of a sustained decline in expiratory flow rates for at least 3 weeks. we review the rapid development of acute bos and bronchiectasis after respiratory syncytial virus infection in a lung transplant recipient, who had been doing well with normal pulmonary function for 3 years after lung transplantation ...201222650803
extracorporeal life support in the acute management of tumour lysis syndrome.a 16-month old boy presented with a severe tumour lysis syndrome (tls) complicating induction therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. this was further complicated by a respiratory syncytial virus infection. the failure of response to escalating treatment necessitated the use of extracorporeal life support (ecls) during continuation of his induction chemotherapy. he was weaned from support after the resolution of the tls and completed chemotherapy successfully. ecls may have a role to play in the ac ...201222647970
eosinophil granular proteins damage bronchial epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial (rs) virus infection is an important exacerbating factor in acute bronchial asthma. however, the precise mechanisms responsible for viral infection-induced exacerbations of asthma are uncertain. to elucidate the role of eosinophilic inflammation in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma, we investigated the effects of eosinophil granule proteins on bronchial epithelial cell infected with rs virus.201222627361
high risk for rsv bronchiolitis in late preterms and selected infants affected by rare disorders: a dilemma of specific prevention.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent aetiologic agent that causes bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infection in infants. these infections may be severe and even life-threatening in selected high-risk populations. traditional, well-established, high-risk populations are preterm infants with or without chronic lung disease and children with congenital heart disease. for these children, rsv prophylaxis using palivizumab, a monoclonal anti-rsv humanised antibody against th ...201222633511
childhood asthma in low income countries: an invisible killer?bacterial pneumonia has hitherto been considered the key cause of the high respiratory morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age (under-5s) in low-income countries, while asthma has not been stated as a significant reason. this paper explores the definitions and concepts of pneumonia and asthma/wheezing/bronchiolitis and examines whether asthma in under-5s may be confused with pneumonia. over-diagnosing of bacterial pneumonia can be suspected from the limited association betwee ...201222623048
oral versus inhaled ribavirin therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infection after lung transplantation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant contributor to morbidity in adult lung transplant recipients. multiple modes of ribavirin administration have been described in the literature. this study investigated outcomes related to delivery route.201222621746
respiratory viral pathogens associated with lower respiratory tract disease among young children in the highlands of papua new guinea.acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) commonly result in fatal outcomes in the young children of papua new guinea (png). however, comprehensive studies of the viral aetiology of alri have not been conducted in png for almost 30 years.201222595309
prevalence and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus in children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in northern brazil.childhood pneumonia and bronchiolitis is a leading cause of illness and death in young children worldwide with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as the main viral cause. rsv has been associated with annual respiratory disease outbreaks and bacterial co-infection has also been reported. this study is the first rsv epidemiological study in young children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in belém city, pará (northern brazil).201222591236
immunogenicity and protective capacity of a virosomal respiratory syncytial virus vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid a in mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of viral brochiolitis in infants and young children and is also a significant problem in elderly and immuno-compromised adults. to date there is no efficacious and safe rsv vaccine, partially because of the outcome of a clinical trial in the 1960s with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine (fi-rsv). this vaccine caused enhanced respiratory disease upon exposure to the live virus, leading to increased morbidity and the death of two children. subsequ ...201222590614
specific increase in local il-17 production during recovery from primary rsv bronchiolitis.although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the most important cause of hospital admission for infants during the winter season, the pathogenesis is largely unknown. interleukin-17 (il-17) concentrations were studied in nasopharyngeal aspirates from 21 non-ventilated and 17 ventilated infants admitted to hospital with rsv bronchiolitis at time of admission and discharge from the hospital. on admission, nasopharyngeal concentrations of most cytokines and chemokines were lower in n ...201222585726
an insertion in loop l7 of human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is crucial for its antiviral activity.the human eosinophil granule ribonuclease, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) has been shown to have antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus-b (rsv-b). other closely related and more active rnases such as rnase a, onconase, and rnase k6 do not have any antiviral activity. a remarkable unique feature of edn is a nine-residue insertion in its carboxy-terminal loop, l7 which is not present in rnase a, and differs in sequence from the corresponding loop in another eosinophil rnase, e ...201222581709
cost utility of palivizumab prophylaxis among pre-term infants in the united states: a national policy perspective.the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab has previously been reported among certain guideline-eligible, high-risk premature infants in medicaid. because guideline authorities base decisions on a national perspective, the economic model of palivizumab was adapted to include all infants, that is, public and privately insured patients (60% of palivizumab use is public, 40% is private).201222574798
production of chemokines in respiratory syncytial virus infection with central nervous system manifestations.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children can be associated with acute encephalopathy. however, the roles of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of such patients remain unevaluated. in this study, a profile of 17 cytokines was determined for eight rsv-infected children with neurological complications. in one patient with high levels of 13 cytokines, a cytokine storm was considered to have occurred. interleukin (il)-6, il-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (mcp)-1, and macro ...201222572852
meteorologic conditions and respiratory syncytial virus activity.the factors that determine the initiation and persistence of yearly epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis are not well known. a limited number of studies have found that meteorologic conditions could be associated with rsv activity.201222572747
frequency and clinical outcome of respiratory viral infections and mixed viral-bacterial infections in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia.the role of respiratory viral infections (rvis) as a cause of overall fever and neutropenia (fn) episodes in children with cancer has been less characterized than bacterial infections. we conducted a study aimed to determine the frequency of rvi in children with low compared with high risk for invasive bacterial infection (ibi) fn episodes and compare the clinical outcome of rvi and mixed rv-bacterial infections.201222565292
cost-effectiveness of potential infant vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the netherlands.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is one of the major causes of respiratory illness in infants, infecting virtually every child before the age of 2 years. currently, several phase 1 trials with rsv vaccines in infants are ongoing or have been completed. as yet, no efficacy estimates are available for these vaccine candidates. nevertheless, cost-effectiveness estimates might be informative to enable preliminary positioning of an rsv vaccine.201222561315
antibodies to the central conserved region of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein block rsv g protein cx3c-cx3cr1 binding and cross-neutralize rsv a and b strains.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a primary cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, and the elderly worldwide, and despite decades of effort, there remains no safe and effective vaccine. rsv modifies the host immune response during infection by cx3c chemokine mimicry adversely affecting pulmonary leukocyte chemotaxis and cx3cr1+ rsv-specific t-cell responses. in this study we investigated whether immunization of mice with rsv g protein polypeptides from str ...201222551066
a comparative study of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis in premature infants within the canadian registry of palivizumab (caress).we examined the dosing regimens, compliance, and outcomes of premature infants who received palivizumab within the canadian registry of palivizumab (caress). infants receiving ≥1 dose of palivizumab during the 2006-2011 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons were recruited across 30 sites. respiratory illness events were captured monthly. infants ≤32 completed weeks gestational age (ga) (group 1) were compared to 33-35 completed weeks ga infants (group 2) following prophylaxis. in total, 6,65 ...201222546928
baculovirus-based vaccine displaying respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein induces protective immunity against rsv infection without vaccine-enhanced disease.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases in infancy and early childhood. despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine against rsv yet. the attachment glycoprotein (g) of rsv is a potentially important target for protective antiviral immune responses. recombinant baculovirus has been recently emerged as a new vaccine vector, since it has intrinsic immunostimulatory properties and good bio-safety profile.201222536165
role of human tlr4 in respiratory syncytial virus-induced nf-κb activation, viral entry and replication.tlrs play a key role in innate immune defenses. it was previously reported that purified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein elicits an inflammatory response in hematopoietic cells, which required expression of tlr4 and its co-receptor cd14. however, a biological role of tlr4 in immunity to rsv, as initially proposed, has remained inconclusive and controversial. here, we directly assess the role of human tlr4 and its co-receptors in nf-κb activation, viral entry and replication usin ...201222535679
respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in a pediatric liver transplant recipient treated with oral ribavirin.the mainstay of therapy for rsv disease is supportive care, although aerosolized ribavirin has been used to treat infants and young children with severe lower respiratory tract infections. aerosolized ribavirin has adverse effects, high cost and teratogenic potential. we report the case of a pediatric liver transplant recipient diagnosed with lower respiratory rsv infection, who was successfully treated with oral ribavirin.201222533837
Refresh
firstprev
...21222324252627282930...
nextlast
Displaying items 2901 - 3000 of 11972