Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the effect of gold sodium thiomalate in adult swiss/a2g mice infected with togaviruses and flaviviruses. | treatment of adult mice with gold sodium thiomalate made the normally non-lethal semliki forest virus and sindbis virus infections lethal and increased the virulence of langat and west nile viruses. these changes were associated with an enhanced virus invasion of the brain. depression of the humoral antibody response was not observed. | 1987 | 2822844 |
| susceptibility of mammalian cell cultures to infection with arbo-togaviruses. | six alphaviruses and four flaviviruses were inoculated intracerebrally into 1 to 3 days old suckling mice. all mice developed cns diseases and died 2-5 days post-infection. it appeared that alphaviruses were more virulent than flaviviruses since they brought death to the injected mice earlier than the flaviviruses. the susceptibilities of nine different culture cells to those viruses were also investigated using plaque assay. bhk-21 cells produced clearer plaques and were more sensitive than oth ... | 1987 | 2835211 |
| conserved elements in the 3' untranslated region of flavivirus rnas and potential cyclization sequences. | we have isolated a cdna clone after reverse transcription of the genomic rna of asibi yellow fever virus whose structure suggests it was formed by self-priming from a 3'-terminal hairpin of 87 nucleotides in the genomic rna. we have also isolated a clone from cdna made to murray valley encephalitis virus rna that also appears to have arisen by self-priming from a 3'-terminal structure very similar or identical to that of yellow fever. in addition, 3'-terminal sequencing of the s1 strain of dengu ... | 1987 | 2828633 |
| the status of dengue fever virus in south africa--serological studies and diagnosis of a case of dengue fever. | to assess the possibility of a dengue epidemic occurring in south africa 3 groups of survey sera and 2 groups of patients' sera, from a dengue high risk area of south africa, were tested for antibodies to several flaviviruses. 3.8% (75/1951) of the survey sera and 9.2% (26/282) of the patients' sera had haemagglutination inhibition antibodies to one or more of the flaviviruses tested. one of 1951 survey sera had a spectrum of complement fixation antibody consistent with a primary dengue infectio ... | 1987 | 2832982 |
| persistence of encephalitogenic arboviruses in brain cell culture. brief report. | virus recovery from brain cultures of mice infected with either semliki forest and/or langat depended on the time interval between inoculation of either virus. mixed infections may alter the course of a disease. | 1987 | 2827614 |
| william c. reeves and arbovirus research in australia. | william c. reeves was invited to australia in 1952 to take part in field studies of murray valley encephalitis. the results of his work led to various hypotheses which directed arbovirus research in australia for a generation. that and the people he influenced in australia made him a major figure in the development of australian arbovirus research. | 1987 | 2825554 |
| involvement of microtubules in kunjin virus replication. brief report. | induction of microtubulin paracrystals (pc) by kunjin (kun) virus occurred after 15 hours post-infection and were often associated with convoluted membranes (cm) and virus particles. vinblastine sulphate which disrupts microtubulin, had an inhibitory effect on the virus production when added during the viral latent period. when infected samples were extracted with triton x-100 and analysed by sds-page, four viral proteins were observed. | 1987 | 2825618 |
| california serogroup and powassan virus infection of cats. | one hundred and seventy five sera from cats in ontario, canada, were tested for hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies to three arboviruses; namely, powassan (pow) of the flavivirus serogroup, and snowshoe hare (ssh) and jamestown canyon (jc) viruses of the california (cal) serogroup. all sera were negative for antibodies to pow virus. twelve cats possessed cal serogroup antibodies including 3 with antibodies to ssh alone, 6 with antibodies to jc alone, and 3 with antibodies to both ssh and ... | 1987 | 2825952 |
| [electron microscopic study of a tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected cell culture exposed to tunicamycin]. | ultrastructural features of tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected pig embryo cell culture treated with different concentrations of tunicamycin at various intervals after infection were studied electron microscopically. the inhibition of glycosylation did not prevent virion formation in the infected cells. at the same time, treatment with tunicamycin led to marked accumulation of virus particles in cisterns and vacuoles of the golgi complex and to a decrease in the number of virions released int ... | 1987 | 3445587 |
| the primary in vivo murine cytotoxic t cell response to the flavivirus, west nile. | a protocol for obtaining cytotoxic t cell responses to the flavivirus west nile (wnv) has been developed in vivo. cba/h (h-2k) mice were immunized with 10(6) p.f.u. wnv intravenously and their spleen cells used directly in cytotoxic assays. this method reliably produced wnv-immune tc cells which showed wnv-specific cytotoxic activity on infected l929 (h-2k) target cells. there was inadequate lysis of infected targets by wnv-immune spleen cells when the m.o.i. was less than 100 p.f.u. wnv, or whe ... | 1987 | 3496425 |
| investigation of a possible yellow fever epidemic and serosurvey for flavivirus infections in northern cameroon, 1984. | a cluster of fatal hepatitis cases in northern cameroon in 1984 stimulated a field investigation to rule out an epidemic of yellow fever. a serosurvey of villages in the extreme north of the country, in a sudan savanna (ss) phytogeographical zone, disclosed no evidence of recent yellow fever infection. however, further south, in a guinea savanna (gs) phytogeographical zone, serological evidence was found of endemic yellow fever virus transmission. the results indicate a potential for epidemic sp ... | 1987 | 3501739 |
| outbreak of febrile illness due to dengue virus type 3 in calcutta during 1983. | an epidemic of dengue fever broke out in calcutta between july and august 1983. persons of all age groups were affected with a preponderance of young adults. haemorrhagic manifestations and shock were not observed. virus was isolated from 4 acute phase sera and identified as dengue type 3 (den-3), the first isolation of den-3 virus in calcutta. serotesting with 9 paired blood samples established dengue infection in 7 and a flavivirus group reaction in 2. examination of 36 single sera revealed pr ... | 1987 | 3503397 |
| profiles of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus type 2 infection. | antibody-dependent infection enhancement (ade) was studied with p-388d1 mouse macrophage-like cells, 21 dengue virus type 2 (den-2) strains, and 8 monoclonal antibodies reactive with flavivirus group-specific or dengue serotype-specific determinants. testing a constant number of virions against serial dilutions of antibody for their ability to infect p-388d1 cells, a reproducible 'enhancement profile' was observed. the profile was characterized by (1) appearance, peak, decline, and disappearance ... | 1987 | 3504546 |
| analysis of the influence of proteolytic cleavage on the structural organization of the surface of the west nile flavivirus leads to the isolation of a protease-resistant e protein oligomer from the viral surface. | in order to analyze the organization of the membrane proteins pre m, m, and e of the west nile (wn) flavivirus we have studied the influence of proteolytic cleavage of intact virus on the structure of these proteins. the amino acid sequence of all proteins is known, all six disulfides present in the viral e protein have been identified, and it has been suggested that the e protein contains regions r1, l1, r2, l2, and r3, which together form the e protein ectodomain followed by a carboxyterminal ... | 1987 | 3629975 |
| [pathogenesis of persistent and chronic forms of tick-borne encephalitis (experimental study)]. | a long-term experiment was conducted to study various aspects of the pathogenesis of persistent and chronic tick-borne encephalitis (tbe). virological, serological, pathomorphological, electron microscopic and immunofluorescent techniques have been utilized in this study. persistent tbe infection of syrian hamsters examined over the period from 40 days to 2 years was characterized by the presence of virus-specific antigens in the organs and of specific antibodies in the blood serum. the persisti ... | 1987 | 3033955 |
| variation in distribution of the three flavivirus-specified glycoproteins detected by immunofluorescence in infected vero cells. | indirect immunofluorescence with rabbit antisera was used to probe the intracellular locations of the antigens of envelope, prm (precursor to structural protein m) and the nonstructural glycoproteins ns 1 (formerly described as nv 3 or scf) specified by the flaviviruses dengue-2 and kunjin. perinuclear staining in various types of foci was prominent for all antigens, and the distribution was influenced by whether cells were fixed with acetone or formaldehyde. staining of golgi-like masses or inc ... | 1987 | 3034209 |
| experimental infection and horizontal transmission of modoc virus in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). | deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were inoculated with a sublethal dose of a field strain of modoc virus to determine patterns of viral persistence, shedding, and transmission. blood, serum, urine, fecal, and oral swab samples were collected at selected intervals until 63 days postinoculation (pi) after which lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and salivary glands were explanted. viral assays were conducted by intracranial inoculations of suckling mice and antibody titers were determined by the micro- ... | 1987 | 3035240 |
| partial nucleotide sequence of the japanese encephalitis virus genome. | approximately 10 kb of the estimated 10.9-kb genome of the japanese encephalitis virus (je; nakayama strain) has been cloned as cdna; the uncloned portion includes 430 bases at the 5'-terminus and 450 bases at the 3'-end. a map of the genome has been developed through nucleotide sequencing and in vivo expression with the escherichia coli expression vector lambda gt11 and immunological identification. sequence results for 4320 nucleotides suggest the je genome organization is very similar to thos ... | 1987 | 3035787 |
| a comparison of different cloned bluetongue virus genome segments as probes for the detection of virus-specified rna. | the seven largest double-stranded (ds) rna genome segments of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 4 as well as genome segment 8 of btv10 have been cloned into pbr322. the length of the cloned genes indicates that, with the exception of genome segment 1, the entire gene has been cloned in each case. a method is described for isolating different sized cdna transcripts on alkaline sucrose gradients with very good recovery. the eight cloned genes were compared as 32p-labeled probes for the detection of ... | 1987 | 3035788 |
| flavivirus replication strategy. | 1987 | 3035906 | |
| [early interaction of the flavivirus west nile virus with mouse macrophage cell line p 388d1: ph-dependent fusion between the virus particles and cell membranes]. | 1987 | 3672935 | |
| the experimental infection of horses with murray valley encephalitis and ross river viruses. | eleven weanling horses were inoculated with murray valley encephalitis and ross river viruses either by intravenous injection or by the bite of culex annulirostris or aedes vigilax mosquitoes infected orally. five of the 11 horses circulated trace amounts of mve virus for 1 to 5d and they infected 7/408 cx annulirostris which subsequently fed on them. haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody persisted at detectable levels for the 24-week observation period. with ross river virus, only one of 11 hor ... | 1987 | 3038067 |
| [human arbovirus infections in burundi: results of a seroepidemiologic survey, 1980-1982]. | a serological survey on 623 human sera was conducted in burundi in 1980-1982, in order to evaluate the frequency of arboviral antibodies in the inhabitants of the three main areas: lowlands, central plateau and mountainous ridge. the results show a rather high activity of arboviruses, mainly in the lowlands (34.2% of inhabitants with antibodies). chikungunya virus seems to be the most active arbovirus; the activity of flavivirus is moderate; no trace of activity of yellow fever or west nile viru ... | 1987 | 3038355 |
| an enzyme immunoassay to detect australian flaviviruses and identify the encephalitic subgroup using monoclonal antibodies. | an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to detect antigens of australian flaviviruses in mosquito pools, suckling mouse brain and infected cell culture supernatant fluid. a monoclonal antibody reactive to an epitope on the envelope glycoprotein common to all flaviviruses was used as the capture antibody. purified rabbit igg, produced against murray valley encephalitis (mve) virus, which reacted with eight australian flaviviruses in haemagglutination inhibi ... | 1987 | 3038734 |
| the nucleotide sequence of dengue type 4 virus: analysis of genes coding for nonstructural proteins. | we recently cloned a full-length dna copy of the dengue type 4 virus genome. analysis of the 5' terminal nucleotide sequence suggested that the three-virion structural proteins are synthesized by proteolytic cleavage of a polyprotein precursor which is encoded in one open reading frame. we now present the remaining sequence of the dengue type 4 virus genome which codes for the nonstructural proteins. the entire genome, which is 10,644 nucleotides in length, contains one long open reading frame w ... | 1987 | 3039728 |
| analysis of disulfides present in the membrane proteins of the west nile flavivirus. | recently the primary structure of the structural proteins of the flaviviruses west nile (wn) virus (castle et al., 1985; wengler et al., 1985) and yellow fever (yf) virus (rice et al., 1985) have been determined. as a first step in a further characterization of the organization of the structural proteins we have now studied the disulfide bridges present in the wn virus membrane proteins. all three membrane proteins, pre m, m, and e, were analyzed. the results obtained can be summarized as follow ... | 1987 | 3811228 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal untranslated part of the genome of the flavivirus west nile virus. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal untranslated region of the 42 s genome rna of the flavivirus west nile virus by primer extension. these analyses make our primary structure determination of this genome, which comprises a total number of 10,960 nucleotides, complete. some implications of our data concerning the structure of flavivirus-specific nucleic acids and the initiation of translation of wn virus-specific rna are discussed. | 1987 | 3813889 |
| overwintering mechanisms of mosquito-borne arboviruses in temperate climates. | it can be concluded from the data cited that transovarial transmission is a plausible explanation for the overwintering of mosquito-borne bunyaviruses of the california serogroup. vertical transmission of mosquito-borne flaviviruses could explain the overwintering of this group of viruses, but this is far from having been established. at present, the mechanism by which mosquito-borne alphaviruses pass the winter is obscure. | 1987 | 2891312 |
| potiskum virus: enhancement of replication in a macrophage-like cell line. | replication of potiskum virus was studied in p388d1 macrophage-like cell line in the presence and absence of subneutralizing concentrations of specific antiviral antibody. the cultures were infected at multiplicities of infection (moi) ranging from 0.4 to 0.0004. the virus replicated to high titres at all moi tested, but there was an enhancement of virus replication in cultures supplemented with the antibody. enhancement of replication was moi dependent, the highest ratios being obtained in cult ... | 1987 | 2894139 |
| formation of autoimmune effectors after transfer of virus-induced autoreactive precursors to syngeneic intact receptor animals. | we verified the assumption that autoimmune responses underlie immunosuppression developing in the course of virus infection. it has been shown by adoptive transfer that administration of langat-virus-induced autoreactive lymphocytes (arl) to the syngeneic recipient is followed by accumulation of autoreactive effectors (ae) eliciting a graft-verus-host reaction (gvhr) in the syngeneic system (aegvhr). in addition, cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (aec) appeared against the syngeneic macrophages. this effe ... | 1987 | 2894142 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of flavivirus antibodies in chicken sera. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to determine the presence of flavivirus antibodies to murray valley encephalitis (mve) and kunjin viruses in sentinel chicken sera. the development of a quick, reliable assay to detect antibodies to mve was an essential part of a large-scale surveillance programme to monitor arbovirus activity in western australia. this assay was developed for use with alkaline phosphatase conjugated goat anti-mouse igg using mouse anti-chicken globulin ... | 1987 | 3027114 |
| partial nucleotide sequence of st. louis encephalitis virus rna: structural proteins, ns1, ns2a, and ns2b. | cdna clones of the st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus genome have been obtained and the nucleotide sequence of 4.7 kb corresponding to the 5' terminal half of the genome determined. the genome contains a 5' noncoding region of 98 nucleotides followed by a single continuous open reading frame that encodes three structural proteins in the order capsid (c), membrane precursor (prm)-membrane (m), and envelope (e). immediately following the c-terminus of e are located nonstructural proteins ns1 throu ... | 1987 | 3027980 |
| cross-infection enhancement among african flaviviruses by immune mouse ascitic fluids. | cross-infection enhancement of seven african flaviviruses by subneutralising concentrations of antibody in immune ascitic fluids was investigated in p388d1 cell culture. infection by all the seven flaviviruses tested was enhanced by homologous and at least one of six heterologous immune mouse ascitic fluids (imaf) tested. enhancement ratios and enhancing antibody titres were higher in homologous than in heterologous enhancement. zika, wesselsbron, uganda s and west nile viruses were enhanced in ... | 1987 | 3028713 |
| detection of st. louis encephalitis virus antigen in mosquitoes by capture enzyme immunoassay. | surveillance methods that measure st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus activity in nature may provide forewarning of its epidemic occurrence in humans. an antigen capture enzyme immunoassay was developed to detect sle virus in infected mosquitoes. the assay detected purified sle viral antigen at a concentration of 62 pg/0.1 ml when antigen was incubated overnight; 250 pg/0.1 ml was detected in a single-day assay (antigen incubated for 3 h). the assay detected 67.9 and 70.8% of laboratory-prepared ... | 1987 | 3029170 |
| characterization of novel viral polyproteins detected in cells infected by the flavivirus kunjin and radiolabelled in the presence of the leucine analogue hydroxyleucine. | vero cells were infected by kunjin virus and radiolabelled in the presence of the leucine analogue, threo-beta-hydroxy-dl-leucine (thl). this analogue is known to prevent preprotein processing in cell-free systems when incorporated into signal peptides. novel kunjin virus-specified proteins were detected, namely gp140, p120 and gp92; the designations for the proteins indicate their approximate mr x 10(-3) and whether they are glycosylated. the glycoproteins gp140 and gp92 were observed in cells ... | 1987 | 3029280 |
| ultrastructural studies of kunjin virus-infected aedes albopictus cells. | ultrastructural changes in aedes albopictus cells infected with kunjin virus were characterized from 12 to 72 h post-infection. early in infection (16h), there were no prominent ultrastructural changes except for an increase in the number of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. as the infection progressed the rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared to lengthen and whorls of fibres were observed within some vacuoles. virus particles were observed in small numbers scattered in the cytoplasm between 24 to 30 h ... | 1987 | 3029292 |
| characterization of kunjin virus rna-dependent rna polymerase: reinitiation of synthesis in vitro. | rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity was characterized in a cytoplasmic extract of kunjin virus-infected vero cells at 24 hr. the activity was influenced, possibly indirectly, by the length of prior treatment of infected cells with actinomycin d; however, 6 micrograms/ml actinomycin d and 10(-5) m alpha-amanitin in the rdrp assay had no effect. the replication complex was membrane-bound and mg2+ was essential for rdrp activity. incorporation was more dependent on exogenous utp and gtp th ... | 1987 | 3029975 |
| molecular biology of the flaviviruses. | an overview of the molecular biology of the flaviviruses is presented. the members of this virus family are enveloped positive-strand rna viruses capable of causing a number of important human diseases. | 1987 | 2856425 |
| detection of dengue virus rna using nucleic acid hybridization. | conditions for using slot-blot nucleic acid hybridization to quantitatively detect dengue-2 virus using a radiolabelled cdna probe, pvv17, were determined. as little as 11 plaque-forming units of virus were detected using a hybridization mixture without formamide and performing the test at 70 degrees c. while predominantly serotype-specific using stringent (65 degrees c) washing conditions, the probe detected all four dengue virus serotypes using astringent (28 degrees c) washing conditions. no ... | 1987 | 2881940 |
| characterization of protease cleavage sites involved in the formation of the envelope glycoprotein and three non-structural proteins of dengue virus type 2, new guinea c strain. | amino terminal sequences of the envelope protein e and the three largest nonstructural proteins ns1, ns3, and ns5 of the new guinea c strain of dengue virus type 2 (den-2) were obtained by nucleotide and protein sequencing. clones were prepared containing cdna of den-2 virus in the plasmid puc8. the nucleotide sequences of viral cdna inserts were determined and the cdna of each clone positioned on the flavivirus genomic map by comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that of yellow fev ... | 1987 | 2952760 |
| detection of flavivirus rna in infected cells using photobiotin-labelled hybridization probes. | ten plasmids containing viral cdna inserts of portions of the dengue virus type 2 (den-2) or kunjin virus (kun) genomes were biotinylated using photobiotin acetate and used as probes for the detection of flavivirus rna in infected vero cells. the viral cdna inserts ranged in length from 0.19 to 2.7 kilobase pairs, and represented segments of the flavivirus genome coding for structural and nonstructural proteins. in spot hybridization assays (hybridization at 60 degrees c) with rna extracted from ... | 1987 | 3031110 |
| antibody-mediated enhancement of wesselsbron virus in p388d1 cells. | antibody-mediated enhancement of wesselsbron virus was investigated in p388d1 cell cultures. virus infection was enhanced in culture by various dilutions of homologous and heterologous flavivirus antibody. highest enhancement ratios and enhancing antibody titres were obtained with the homologous antibody. enhancement of wesselsbron virus infection in p388d1 cultures was also dependent on the multiplicity of infection (moi) used; cultures infected at the lowest moi produced the highest enhancemen ... | 1986 | 3031959 |
| the neurovirulence of flaviviruses in crab-eating monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | the neurovirulent properties of attenuated dengue-2 and yellow fever (yf) vaccines, dengue-2 (den-2) and japanese encephalitis (je) viruses were studied in crab-eating monkeys (macaca fascicularis). number of central nervous system sites (as proportion affected) with neurovirulence (nv) lesions were compared. the results indicate that these monkeys reliably developed nv-lesion when inoculated with either je or yf vaccine viruses (87%). nv-lesions occurred in a minority when inoculated with den-2 ... | 1986 | 3033834 |
| identification of flaviviruses by the single-radial-haemolysis test. | 1986 | 2883117 | |
| genetic differentiation of murray valley encephalitis virus in australia and papua new guinea. | the genetic relatedness of ten murray valley encephalitis virus (mve) isolates from australia has been examined by comparing haeiii and taqi restriction digest profiles of cdna to virion rna. the isolates were from the murray valley region of south-eastern australia and from the ord river region of western australia and spanned a period of 23 years (1951-1974). the isolates generated closely similar restriction digest profiles. the extent of similarity suggested that the level of nucleotide sequ ... | 1986 | 2884985 |
| virus isolations from mosquitoes collected during the 1982 japanese encephalitis epidemic in northern thailand. | from 16 june to 15 august, 1982 cdc light traps were used to collect mosquitoes in the province of kamphaengphet, n. thailand. 353,042 mosquitoes comprising 59 species were collected and identified, and 345,173 were placed in pools for attempted virus isolation by inoculation of c6/36 aedes albopictus mosquito cell cultures. viruses were isolated from 63 mosquito pools. these comprised 56 flaviviruses, identified as 35 isolates of japanese encephalitis (je) virus strains, 18 strains of tembusu ( ... | 1986 | 2885948 |
| blood value changes in flavivirus-inoculated macaca fascicularis monkeys. | blood values were analysed in eighteen cynomolgus monkeys on pre-and post-neurovirulence testing of dengue-2 and yellow fever vaccine viruses, dengue-2 parental and japanese encephalitis viruses. certain changes between blood chemistry, hematology and serology were observed and briefly discussed. | 1986 | 2874612 |
| changes of natural killer cell activity in different mouse lines by acute and asymptomatic flavivirus infections. | effect of certain flaviviruses on the activity of mouse natural killer (nk) cells was investigated using the classical mouse splenocyte system and yac-1 cells for demonstration of nk cell cytotoxicity. infection of mice with langat and west nile (wn) viruses was accompanied by temporary activation of nk cells. in mice infected with tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus the stimulation phase of nk cell cytotoxicity on days 2-4 post-infection (p.i.) was followed by suppression of their activity. as ... | 1986 | 2876611 |
| [arbovirus-vector-vertebrate cycles in madagascan forests]. | 1986 | 2879516 | |
| application of enzyme immunoassay on infected cells (eia-ic) for arboviruses. | comparative titrations of alpha-, flavi- and bunyamwera viruses were made by eia-ic and according to cytopathic effect (cpe). specific enzymatic reactions appeared earlier and in higher titres than cpe. the titres of dengue type 1, mayaro, powassan and langat viruses measured by eia-ic were comparable to those measured by intracerebral inoculation of mice. the cross-reactivity testing of eia-ic among alphaviruses (chikungunya, sindbis and mayaro), flaviviruses (japanese encephalitis, murray vall ... | 1986 | 2881468 |
| [study of immunological mechanisms of action of temperature and emotional stress factors in experimental flavivirus infections]. | the influence of two stress factors, sharp changes in temperature and hypokinesia, on the course of experimental tick-borne encephalitis and langat virus infections in mice has been studied. the data obtained in this study indicate that both factors produce defects in t- and b-cell-mediated immunity, accompanied by the activation of asymptomatic infection and the decrease of the mean survival time in acute infection. these two stress factors, differing in their intensity and nature (physical and ... | 1986 | 3030031 |
| sequence of 3000 nucleotides at the 5' end of japanese encephalitis virus rna. | the 5' region of the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) rna was cloned and 3000 nucleotides (nt) were determined by sequencing dna complementary to viral rna, and genomic rna, using oligodeoxynucleotide primers and the dideoxy chain-termination reaction. comparison of the nt sequence and the reduced amino-acid sequence of jev with those of other flaviviruses showed significant homologies, which allowed locations to be assigned for three structural proteins. | 1986 | 3030895 |
| mosquito-borne virus diseases of man in southern africa. | 1986 | 3022406 | |
| cloning full-length dengue type 4 viral dna sequences: analysis of genes coding for structural proteins. | dna sequences (approximately 11,000 nucleotides) representing the full-length genome of the dengue virus type 4 were cloned. the sequence of the first 2,429 nucleotides at the 5' terminus which includes the coding region for the structural proteins is presented. the virion structural proteins are encoded in one long open reading frame specifying a polyprotein precursor which is apparently proteolytically cleaved by a mechanism resembling that proposed for expression of structural proteins of oth ... | 1986 | 3022479 |
| [nucleotide sequence of the genome region of the tick-borne encephalitis virus coding for structural virion proteins]. | rna of a flavivirus-tick-borne encephalitis virus (strain sofjin) was subjected to reverse transcription and the dna copy was transformed into double-stranded dna by action of e. coli dna-polymerase i (klenow's fragment). this dna was annealed with pbr322 plasmid. the recombinant plasmids were cloned in e. coli k802. the nucleotide sequence of the inserts of the clones coding for region of structural proteins c, pre-m, e and nonstructural protein ns1 was determined by the maxam-gilbert method. t ... | 1986 | 3022757 |
| characterization of west nile virus rna-dependent rna polymerase and cellular terminal adenylyl and uridylyl transferases in cell-free extracts. | to facilitate further studies of flavivirus transcription, cell extraction methods and in vitro reaction conditions which increased west nile virus (wnv) rna-dependent rna polymerase activity were determined. subcellular fractions from wnv-infected bhk-21/w12 cells were characterized with regard to their protein and rna content and in vitro polymerase activity. in both a cytoplasmic fraction, designated s1, and a fraction enriched for outer nuclear membranes, designated s2, seven virus-specific ... | 1986 | 3023663 |
| [experimental infection of ixodid ticks with karshi virus]. | the ixodid ticks hyalomma asiaticum, h. anatolicum, dermacentor niveus were infected experimentally with karsha virus. the virus replication has been proved to occur in the tick's organism. the titre of the virus grows gradually in infected ticks. entering the tick's gut during its feeding virus particles penetrate into the gut walls where primary multiplication and accumulation of the virus take place. | 1986 | 3024093 |
| neutralizing antibody response to japanese encephalitis inactivated mouse brain vaccine among laboratory personnel. | among vaccinees given two doses of je nakayama strain liquid vaccine, 41.8% had significant neutralizing (n) antibody response to the p20778 strain and 48.6% to the japanese nakayama strain. among vaccinees who received three doses of the freeze-dried vaccine, the proportion of positive reactors was 53.8% when the sera were tested with the p20778 strain and 47.4% with the nakayama strain. a fairly large proportion of those vaccinees who had responded positively to the latter vaccine were found t ... | 1986 | 3024366 |
| nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the structural proteins of dengue type 2 virus, jamaica genotype. | the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal 2469 bases of dengue 2 (jamaica genotype) virus has been determined and the encoded proteins compared with those of yellow fever and west nile viruses, which belong to different flavivirus serogroups. the cdna clone which was sequenced contains a 5'-noncoding region of 96 nucleotides followed by a single open reading frame coding for the structural proteins 5'-c-prm(m)-e-3' and the beginning of the ns1 nonstructural protein. the amino acid sequence homo ... | 1986 | 3024394 |
| flaviviruses in south africa: diagnostic procedures. | employing rabbit immune serum, 10 flaviviruses known to be present in south africa could be divided into 5 serological subgroups. the subgroups conform to the general pattern described for the group. sera from experimentally infected calves and lambs were monospecific in neutralization tests, but cross-reacted in haemagglutination inhibition tests. these results suggest that sheep and cattle sera from the field can best be tested by microneutralization tests. the greater sensitivity of embryonat ... | 1986 | 3025791 |
| flaviviruses in south africa: pathogenicity for sheep. | sheep are susceptible to at least 5 of the 10 flaviviruses known to be present in south africa. sheep, 7-9 months of age, injected with wesselsbron, west nile, banzi, uganda-s and ar 5189 (an unidentified virus related to banzi and uganda-s), responded with a moderate febrile reaction, a low grade viraemia of short duration and the production of virus neutralizing antibodies. the most pronounced manifestations of infection were encountered in pregnant ewes. infection with west nile, banzi and ar ... | 1986 | 3025792 |
| single-radial-haemolysis test for diagnosing flavivirus infections, particularly japanese encephalitis. | use of the single-radial-haemolysis (srh) technique for the diagnosis of flavivirus infections is described. a large number of paired and single convalescent serum samples collected from cases of encephalitis during two major outbreaks in kolar district of karnataka state in india during 1977 and 1979 were tested by this technique. the results were compared with those obtained in the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test in all cases, and the complement fixation (cf) and neutralization tests in ... | 1986 | 3026673 |
| stimulation of helper/delayed-type hypersensitivity t cells by flavivirus infection: determination by macrophage procoagulant assay. | west nile virus (wnv)-immune spleen cells produced an inducer of macrophage procoagulant activity (mpca) on restimulation with wnv in vitro. this response was specific for wnv and depended on the presence of thy 1+, l3t4+ and also ia+ cells but not lyt 2+ cells. it could be induced by culture with large amounts of non-infectious, u.v.-irradiated virus or with high doses of infectious virus. inoculation of mice with low titres of infectious, but not with u.v.-irradiated, virus primed for this in ... | 1986 | 3003235 |
| classification of barmah forest virus as an alphavirus using cytotoxic t cell assays. | barmah forest virus, an arbovirus, does not cross-react convincingly with alpha-, flavi- or bunyavirus immune sera. secondary cytotoxic t cells generated in vitro immune to a number of alphaviruses cross-lyse barmah forest virus-infected target cells. flavivirus (west nile and kunjin)- and bunyamwera virus-immune tc cells lyse homologous virus-infected target cells, but not alphavirus-infected targets. using cytotoxic t cell assays barmah forest virus can be classified as an alphavirus. | 1986 | 3003237 |
| genetically controlled resistance to flaviviruses within the house mouse complex of species. | 1986 | 3015496 | |
| antigenic analysis of yellow fever virus glycoproteins: use of monoclonal antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with biotin and streptavidin (b/sa elisa) was developed for the specific detection of yellow fever (yf) viruses. monoclonal antibodies (mca) specific for the envelope (e) glycoprotein or the non-structural glycoprotein (nv3) of yf virus-infected cell lysates were tested by antigen and antibody capture b/sa elisa against yf viruses and a large number of other flaviviruses. in an antigen capture assay, with suckling mouse brain antigens, mca directed a ... | 1986 | 3016014 |
| illness caused by a kokobera-like virus in south-eastern australia. | three patients who lived in south-eastern australia and who suffered acute polyarticular illnesses in the summer months of 1983-1984 and 1984-1985 are described. two patients lived in the southwestern plains of new south wales and one in bairnsdale in eastern victoria. serological studies implicated kokobera virus, a flavivirus, as the likely causative agent. this would appear to be the first report to indicate the pathogenicity of kokobera virus. | 1986 | 3016489 |
| the 3'-nucleotides of flavivirus genomic rna form a conserved secondary structure. | the terminal noncoding regions of viral rna genomes are presumed to contain signal sequences and sometimes also secondary structures involved in regulating viral rna synthesis. such signals would be expected to be highly conserved among related viruses. in order to identify replication signal features for flaviviruses we have compared the 3'-terminal nucleotide sequences of west nile virus (wnv), saint louis encephalitis (sle) virus, and yellow fever virus (yfv) genome rnas. the existence of a s ... | 1986 | 3016981 |
| genetic analysis of kunjin virus isolates using haeiii and taqi restriction digests of single-stranded cdna to virion rna. | the genotypic relatedness of 15 kunjin (kun) virus isolates from widely separated geographic regions in australia was examined at the molecular level. haeiii and taqi restriction digest profiles of cdna transcribed from virion rna revealed a close genetic similarity between all isolates. we estimate that the nucleotide sequence divergence between any pair of kun isolates is probably less than 1%. we conclude that a single kun genetic type has existed in enzootic and epizootic areas of virus acti ... | 1986 | 3017278 |
| arbovirus infections in several ontario mammals, 1975-1980. | serological studies for arboviruses were conducted on 725 animal sera collected in 22 ontario townships between 1975 and 1980 including 44 coyote (canis latrans), 277 red fox (vulpes vulpes), 192 raccoon (procyon lotor) and 212 striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to two flaviviruses, namely st. louis encephalitis and powassan were found in 50% of coyote, 47% of skunk, 26% of fox and 10% of raccoon sera. similarly, hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to a ... | 1986 | 3017527 |
| [detection of the koutango virus (flavivirus, togaviridae) in somalia]. | 1986 | 3018465 | |
| [results of studying foci of arbovirus infections in the southern maritime territory]. | 1986 | 3018466 | |
| post-encephalitic epilepsy and arbovirus infections in an isolated rainforest area of central liberia. | among a population of 4.436 bassa, kpelle and mano people in the gbawein and wroughbarh clan region of grand bassa country, liberia, 123 cases of epilepsy could be documented. in 38% of these cases infections involving the central nervous system precipitated the onset of seizures. sera from 67 epilepsy patients, 50 direct healthy relatives and 22 geographically matched controls were tested for antibodies to 16 arboviruses of the togaviridae and bunyaviridae known to occur in africa. antibodies t ... | 1986 | 3018970 |
| relevance of detection of immunoglobulin m antibody response in birds used for arbovirus surveillance. | young chickens were inoculated with 5,000 pfu of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus and bled at intervals thereafter for determinations of hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi), neutralizing (n), immunoglobulin m (igm), and igg antibodies. hi, n, and igm antibodies were first detected 4 days after infection, and igg was detected 7 days after infection. all four antibodies persisted through day 90 after infection. hi, n, and igm antibody titers remained elevated and were not cross-reactive with t ... | 1986 | 3021813 |
| ph-dependent fusion between the flavivirus west nile and liposomal model membranes. | fusion between purified [3h]uridine-labelled west nile virus (wnv) particles and liposomes containing rnase, was assayed by degradation of the viral rna to trichloroacetic acid-soluble material. fusion of virus with liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol (at a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1.5) was found to be dependent on ph with maximum fusion occurring at ph 6.7 and below. at ph 6.6 fusion was rapid and was essentially complete within 2 min at ... | 1986 | 3944582 |
| lethal 17d yellow fever encephalitis in mice. i. passive protection by monoclonal antibodies to the envelope proteins of 17d yellow fever and dengue 2 viruses. | monoclonal antibodies to the envelope proteins (e) of the 17d vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (17d yf) and to dengue 2 virus were examined for their ability to confer passive protection against lethal 17d yf encephalitis in mice. all 13 igg anti-17d yf antibodies, regardless of neutralizing capacity, conferred solid protection when given in a relatively high dose prior to intracerebral inoculation of virus. three antibodies with high in vitro neutralizing titres were all protective at a low ... | 1986 | 3944585 |
| sensitive and specific monoclonal immunoassay for detecting yellow fever virus in laboratory and clinical specimens. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) was developed for the detection of yellow fever (yf) virus in infected cell culture supernatant fluid and clinical samples. the test employed a flavivirus group-reactive monoclonal antibody attached to a polystyrene bead support and a radiolabeled type-specific antibody probe in a simultaneous sandwich ria format. optimal assay conditions specified a 16-h incubation at high temperature (45 degrees c). monoclonal antibody to tetanus toxoid was added to the rad ... | 1986 | 3700596 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus genome. the nucleotide sequence coding for virion structural proteins. | rna of a flavivirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev; strain sofjin), was subjected to reverse transcription and the dna copy was transformed into double-stranded dna by the action of e. coli dna-polymerase i (klenow fragment). this dna was annealed with plasmid pbr322. the recombinant plasmids were cloned in e. coli k802. the nucleotide sequence of the inserts of the clones, coding for region structural proteins c, m, e and nonstructural protein ns1, was determined by the maxam-gilbert meth ... | 1986 | 3709796 |
| a new mechanism for the neutralization of enveloped viruses by antiviral antibody. | despite the considerable research that has been carried out into viral neutralization by antiviral antibody, its mechanisms remain poorly understood. cases have been reported in which antiviral antibody can inhibit viral replication without inhibiting the binding and uptake of virus by susceptible cells. it has been shown that many enveloped viruses enter their target cells by endocytosis and are subsequently located in cellular compartments of increasing acidity. with several enveloped viruses ... | 1986 | 3713806 |
| nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of japanese encephalitis virus genomic rna. | japanese encephalitis (je) virus genomic rnas were purified from virions. two hundred nucleotides at the 3' end of je virus genomic rna were directly sequenced by using reverse transcriptase. the nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of the viral rna was conserved among four kinds of je virus strains. the sequence has no au-rich region that is present at the 3' termini of alphavirus rnas. we also compared the nucleotide sequences at the 3' ends of rnas from three different flaviviruses and found sev ... | 1986 | 3727403 |
| the uncoating and infectivity of the flavivirus west nile on interaction with cells: effects of ph and ammonium chloride. | infectivity of the west nile virus (wnv; flaviviridae) was inactivated on exposure for brief periods (90 s) to ph 6.6 and below. this inactivation was not due to decreased interaction between cells and acid-treated virus. the rna of [3h]uridine-labelled virus particles prebound to the cell surface before acidic ph treatment underwent rapid uncoating within 1 min at 37 degrees c at the same ph values that inactivated virus particles. the uncoating of [3h]uridine-labelled virus particles was also ... | 1986 | 3746254 |
| primary structure of the west nile flavivirus genome region coding for all nonstructural proteins. | the genome rna of the flavivirus west nile (wn) virus has been transcribed into cdna, the cdna has been cloned, and the nucleotide sequences coding for the structural proteins have been determined (castle et al., 1985; wengler et al., 1985). we have now determined the nucleotide sequence coding for all viral nonstructural proteins which comprises 7929 nucleotides. together with our earlier sequence analyses these data show that a long open reading frame (orf) containing 10,290 nucleotides is pre ... | 1986 | 3753811 |
| [synthesis and membrane-dependent processing of a precursor of tick-borne encephalitis virus (flavivirus) structural proteins in cell-free systems]. | conditions that permitted cell-free synthesis of at least one of the non-structural, in addition to two-structural, polypeptides of tick-borne encephalitis virus have been found. the time course of accumulation of virus-specific polypeptides in extracts of krebs-2 cells and reticulocyte lysates as well as the peptide maps of the products synthesised were studied. a model of generation of viral structural polypeptides has been proposed, according to which a common precursor of these proteins whil ... | 1986 | 3773888 |
| the effect of ph on the early interaction of west nile virus with p388d1 cells. | the interaction between the flavivirus west nile virus (wnv) and cells of the mouse macrophage-like cell line, p388d1, was assayed by transmission electron microscopy, by following the association of [35s]methionine-labelled virus with cells, and by using a radiobinding assay with an 125i-labelled f(ab')2 fragment of a monoclonal antibody directed against the major viral envelope surface glycoprotein. using electron microscopy, both fusion and endocytosis were observed at ph 6.4, but at ph 8.0 o ... | 1986 | 3783128 |
| protection against yellow fever in monkeys by immunization with yellow fever virus nonstructural protein ns1. | immunization of monkeys with yellow fever virus-specified nonstructural protein ns1 resulted in protection against fatal hepatitis as well as marked reduction in the magnitude of viremia after subcutaneous challenge with yellow fever virus. the results may be relevant to the design of possible subunit or recombinant flavivirus vaccines. | 1986 | 3783816 |
| dengue 3 virus transmission in africa. | the first known transmission of dengue 3 virus in africa was documented by virus isolation during an epidemic of dengue-like illness in pemba, mozambique, in late 1984 and early 1985. dengue 3 virus was the only serotype isolated. most patients appeared to be experiencing secondary flavivirus infections, but whether this was the result of previous dengue, yellow fever, or other flavivirus infection is not known. two cases of hemorrhagic disease with shock and death were associated with the epide ... | 1986 | 3789276 |
| [encephalitic syndrome caused by flavivirus diagnosed after return from a voyage to south india: probably dengue with neurological manifestations]. | the authors report the case of a flavivirus encephalitis (probable dengue) in a 70 year old female, occurring twenty days after a fewer of unknown origin, contracted in the south of india. most of the cases of such encephalitis have been reported from children, but they may occur also in adults. | 1986 | 3802313 |
| a method for predicting murray valley encephalitis in southeast australia using the southern oscillation. | clinical cases of murray valley encephalitis in southeast australia have tended to occur in summer and autumn following extended periods of above average rainfall over most of eastern and northern australia. the southern oscillation, an important mode of climatic fluctuations over the indian and pacific oceans, is closely related to eastern and northern australian rainfall. the southern oscillation has been used previously to develop methods for predicting rainfall fluctuations over australia an ... | 1986 | 3036054 |
| partial n-terminal amino acid sequences of three nonstructural proteins of two flaviviruses. | partial n-terminal amino acid sequences for the three largest nonstructural proteins of two flaviviruses, yellow fever virus and st. louis encephalitis virus, have been obtained. the determined sequences of these proteins exhibit significant amino acid sequence homology, and allow the positioning of these three nonstructural proteins in the polyprotein sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of yellow fever virus (c. m. rice, e. m. lenches, s. r. eddy, s. j. shin, r. l. sheets, and j. h. s ... | 1986 | 3008425 |
| inhibition of banzi viral rna synthesis in bhk-21 cells by banzi virion matrix protein. | treatment of bhk-21 cells with purified matrix (m) protein isolated from banzi virions resulted in decreased production of banzi virus and in reduced levels of virus-specific positive-strand and negative-strand rna. the m protein had no effect on the uncoating of the viral genome. this inhibition was virus-specific since the replication of unrelated togaviruses in bhk-21 cells was not affected. purified m protein inhibited the in vitro activity of the banzi viral rna polymerase; prior treatment ... | 1986 | 3009352 |
| partial nucleotide sequence of the murray valley encephalitis virus genome. comparison of the encoded polypeptides with yellow fever virus structural and non-structural proteins. | the sequence of 5400 bases corresponding to the 5'-terminal half of the murray valley encephalitis virus genome has been determined. the genome contains a 5' non-coding region of about 97 nucleotides, followed by a single continuous open reading frame that encodes the structural proteins followed by the non-structural proteins. amino acid sequence homology between the murray valley encephalitis and yellow fever (rice et al., 1985) polyproteins is 42% over the region sequenced. the start points o ... | 1986 | 3009829 |
| arbovirus infection in a murray valley community. | serum antibodies to ross river virus and murray valley encephalitis virus were measured during 1974-1975 in residents of echuca, an urban murray valley community. a representative group of volunteers was obtained by random selection of households. the prevalence of antibodies to both viruses increased progressively with age. prevalence was equal in both sexes for both viruses in all age groups, indicating that the risk of infection was mainly determined by geography rather than by personal activ ... | 1986 | 3010928 |
| analysis of structural properties which possibly are characteristic for the 3'-terminal sequence of the genome rna of flaviviruses. | recently we have shown that an open reading frame comprising 10290 nucleotides is present on the infectious, single-stranded genome rna of the west nile flavivirus. we have now isolated cloned cdna representing the 3'-terminal untranslated region of this molecule. the sequence of this region which comprises 571 nucleotides is given in this report. recently, the nucleotide sequence of the genome rna of the yellow fever flavivirus has been described. a comparative analysis of the 3'-terminal untra ... | 1986 | 3011975 |
| a tentative model of formation of structural proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus (flavivirus). | the time course of tick-borne encephalitis virus cell-free protein synthesis was studied by using either [35s]-methionine or formyl[35s]methionyl-trnamet/f as substrates, and the [35s]methionine-labelled products were compared by fingerprinting tryptic peptides. an intermediate in the protein processing, the polypeptide doublet p36/33, was characterized and a tentative model for flavivirus structural protein synthesis and processing was proposed. | 1986 | 3635477 |
| recent advances in the molecular biology of flaviviruses. | 1986 | 2824939 | |
| multisite monoclonal immunoassay for dengue viruses: detection of viraemic human sera and interference by heterologous antibody. | a monoclonal radioimmunoassay (ria) was developed for detection of dengue virus in infected cell culture fluids and blood samples from dengue patients. antibodies used to construct the ria were selected on the basis of high binding avidity, the demonstration of synergism in competitive binding assays and empirical trials with different antibody combinations. optimal binding of all four dengue virus serotypes was achieved by use of a flavivirus group-reactive and a dengue virus complex-reactive a ... | 1986 | 2420923 |
| the cap structure of simian hemorrhagic fever virion rna. | the molecular weight of simian hemorrhagic fever virus rna is 4.19 +/- 0.53 x 10(6) as determined by electron microscopy. its base composition is 19.5 +/- 0.3 a, 33.3 +/- 0.3 u, 26.7 +/- 0.9 g, and 19.7 +/- 0.3 c per 100 nucleotides. the rna of simian hemorrhagic fever virus contains a single type i cap per molecule, in the form m7g(5')ppp(5')am. | 1986 | 2421482 |
| epitope mapping of flavivirus glycoproteins. | 1986 | 2428213 | |
| geographic classification of dengue-2 virus strains by antigen signature analysis. | dengue-2 virus strains from different locations were compared by t1-rnase-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprinting and antigen signature analysis. the latter technique involved construction of radioimmunoassays using monoclonal antibodies that recognize nine distinct dengue-2 type-specific and flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes over a range of antigen concentrations. a statistical method was used to align unknown dengue antigen concentrations in different strain preparations, allowing comparison ... | 1986 | 2429440 |
| antigenic comparison of envelope protein e between japanese encephalitis virus and some other flaviviruses using monoclonal antibodies. | the antigenic relationships between japanese encephalitis (je) virus and several other flaviviruses have been investigated using anti-je virus monoclonal antibodies (mabs). seventeen mabs directed against envelope protein e of je virus were characterized and divided into eight mab groups based on reactivity patterns in haemagglutination inhibition test, neutralization (n) test, elisa and competitive binding assay with je virus. the results suggest the existence of at least eight epitopes on the ... | 1986 | 2432163 |