Publications

transgenic mice expressing c-reactive protein are susceptible to infection with plasmodium yoelii sporozoites.	human and rat c-reactive proteins, major acute-phase reactants, bind to sporozoites and inhibit their in vitro development in hepatocytes (a. nussler, s. pied, m. pontet, f. miltgen, l. renia, m. gentilini, and d. mazier, exp. parasitol. 72:1-7, 1991, and s. pied, a. nussler, m. pontet, f. miltgen, h. matile, p.-h. lambert, and d. mazier, infect. immun. 57:278-282, 1989). we show here that rabbit c-reactive protein has identical properties. nevertheless, infection by plasmodium yoelii sporozoite ...	1993	8418060
binding of alanine-substituted peptides to the mhc class i protein, kd.	peptides eluted from the native mhc class i molecule, kd, are generally nonamers that display a strong preference for tyr in position 2. we investigated the molecular basis for this 'consensus motif' by synthesizing a virally derived peptide, np 147-155, that is known to be presented by kd on living cells, and peptide variants of np 147-155 in which the amino acids in the different positions were sequentially replaced by ala. all of the peptides bound to purified kd molecules in vitro with high ...	1993	8428632
selective damage of hippocampal neurons in murine cerebral malaria prevented by pentoxifylline.	the effect of pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, was investigated on the development of cerebral malaria in plasmodium berghei k 173 infected c57/b16 mice. no significant differences occurred in the course of parasitemia and survival time after infection between control mice and pentoxifylline treated mice. moreover, no differences were observed between the groups with respect to the occurrence of cerebral malaria. the only striking difference was that pentoxifylline treatment select ...	1993	8433093
profiles of cytokine production in relation with susceptibility to cerebral malaria.	infection with plasmodium berghei anka (pba) leads, in susceptible strains of mice, to the development of cerebral malaria (cm), a lethal syndrome that reproduces some features of human cm. to study a possible relationship between genetic susceptibility to cm and the cytokine expression pattern, we quantitatively evaluated gene expression on rna extracted from various organs of malaria-infected mice, using strains that are susceptible and resistant to cm. northern blot analysis and semi-quantita ...	1993	8409439
induction of hepatic inflammatory response by plasmodium berghei sporozoites protects balb/c mice against challenge with plasmodium yoelii sporozoites.	balb/c mice are about 2,000 times less susceptible to sporozoites of plasmodium berghei than to plasmodium yoelii. associated with this is the innate cellular response mounted after injection with p. berghei. host inflammatory cells do not normally attack p. yoelii during their development as exoerythrocytic forms (eefs) in the liver. we used p. berghei sporozoites to induce host inflammation that might act against developing p. yoelii eefs. mice injected with p. berghei sporozoites followed 1 h ...	1993	8410550
tumour necrosis factor-alpha and macrophages in plasmodium berghei-induced cerebral malaria.	the effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on malaria-infected mice was studied. c57bl/6j mice infected with plasmodium berghei k173 exhibited an increased sensitivity to exogenous tnf. injection of 15 micrograms tnf was lethal to some of the animals when given 5-7 days after infection, while when given later on in the infection (i.e. days 8-10) amounts as low as 2.5 micrograms tnf appeared to be lethal in all mice. the pathology in infected mice treated with tnf resembled that found in the brai ...	1993	8414666
experimental transmission of murine malaria by the oral route.	a total of 116 young male cd1 mice were orally inoculated with mouse blood; half of the animals received 0.2 ml of uninfected blood and the others were given 0.2 ml of plasmodium berghei yoelii-infected blood in six experiments performed at different times. almost 30% of the experimental mice acquired malaria as demonstrated by the observation of parasites in their blood. in no case were parasites found in the blood of control mice. rodent malaria parasites may be transmitted to cd1 mice by the ...	1993	8415572
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. xlix. the activities of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. part 2: structure-activity studies on cis-fused cyclopenteno-1,2,4-trioxanes (fenozans) against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant lines of plasmodium berghei and p. yoelii ssp. ns in vivo.	the activity of 51 synthetic cis-fused cyclopenteno-1,2,4-trioxanes has been examined against drug-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites in vivo. some of them display high levels of blood schizontocidal activity when administered orally or subcutaneously. they retain their activity against lines of parasites that are resistant to widely differing antimalarials such as 4-aminoquinolines, aminoalcohols, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and artemisinin. the most potent compound of ...	1993	8346994
control of heme polymerase by chloroquine and other quinoline derivatives.	to evaluate the response of heme polymerase to treatment of malaria with chloroquine, we used mice infected with plasmodium berghei. six hours after treatment with 3 mumoles of chloroquine intraperitoneally per mouse, heme polymerase activity in parasitized erythrocytes decreased from 238 to 37 nanomoles of ferriprotoporphyrin ix polymerized per hour per mumole of ferriprotoporphyrin ix in preformed hemozoin, and nonhemozoin ferriprotoporphyrin ix increased in vivo from 40 to 123 nanomoles per m ...	1993	8363618
comparison of beta-artemether and beta-arteether against malaria parasites in vitro and in vivo.	the antimalarial activity of beta-artemether and beta-arteether was compared in three test systems: in vitro against chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium falciparum parasites, in mice infected with p. berghei, and in aotus monkeys infected with chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum. in vitro, the mean 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) for beta-artemether was 1.74 nm (range 1.34-1.81 nm), and this value for beta-arteether was 1.61 nm (range 1.57-1.92 nm). they were approxima ...	1993	8470775
malaria antigen and cytokine-induced production of reactive nitrogen intermediates by murine macrophages: no relevance to the development of experimental cerebral malaria.	the in vitro production of reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) by murine macrophages was evaluated in response to heat-stable malaria antigen and cytokines. malaria antigen, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) induced rni production in macrophages in a dose-dependent way. rni production steadily increased over a 2-day period and was enhanced when the malaria antigen was co-incubated with ifn-gamma and/or tnf. rni production induced by either ifn-gamma or malaria antig ...	1993	8473017
effect of malaria infection and endotoxin-induced fever on the metabolism of antipyrine and metronidazole in the rat.	antipyrine and metronidazole were administered as a cocktail to young (4 weeks old) male wistar rats (n = 12 for each treatment) to investigate the effect of malaria infection due to the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei and escherichia coli endotoxin-induced fever on the metabolism of the two compounds in vivo. control rats received normal saline. antipyrine and metronidazole clearances were estimated from a single saliva sample while the formation clearances of their metabolites (in malaria-i ...	1993	8466545
effect of malaria infection and endotoxin-induced fever on phenacetin o-deethylation by rat liver microsomes.	we have investigated the effect of malaria infection with the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei and fever induced by escherichia coli endotoxin on the metabolism of phenacetin to paracetamol by rat liver microsomes from young (4 weeks old) male wistar rats (n = 5 in control and fever groups; n = 10 in malaria-infected group). following determination of % parasitaemia, the malaria-infected group was divided into a low parasitaemia subgroup (n = 5; mean % parasitaemia = 9.87 +/- 2.6) and a high p ...	1993	8466544
effects of interleukin-8 on nonspecific resistance to infection in neutropenic and normal mice.	the effect of treatment with interleukin-8 (il-8), a neutrophil-activating cytokine, was investigated in normal and neutropenic mice infected with a lethal dose of pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, or plasmodium berghei. intraperitoneal (i.p.) il-8 treatment was associated with accelerated death when il-8 was administered shortly before i.p. infection with p. aeruginosa or shortly after i.p. infection with p. aeruginosa and k. pneumoniae. histopathological analyses demonstrated a te ...	1993	8452358
immunological detection of cytoskeletal proteins in the exoerythrocytic stages of malaria by fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy.	using monospecific antibodies, the presence and distribution of tubulin, actin, myosin, intermediate filaments, and lamins were examined in the exoerythrocytic liver schizont of plasmodium berghei by conventional indirect fluorescent antibody methods and confocal laser scanning microscopy. the binding reactivity of the antibodies to parasite proteins was determined by western blot analysis. the localisation of all antibodies in control host hepatocytes followed expected distributions in both uni ...	1993	8457799
interleukin-1 as a possible agent for treatment of infection.	treatment of experimental animals with bacterial products, such as cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria, leads to enhanced resistance to a variety of microorganisms. since interleukin-1 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines are induced by such bacterial products, it has been investigated whether these cytokines are also capable of enforcing host resistance. it has been possible to demonstrate that a low dose of interleukin-1 protects mice against death from either gram-negative or gram- ...	1993	8477769
real-time measurement of antigenic peptide binding to empty and preloaded single-chain major histocompatibility complex class i molecules.	cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize peptides in association with major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i proteins, but how peptides bind to class i is not well understood. we used a fluorescence technique to measure antigenic peptide binding to a soluble, single-chain kd (sc-kd) molecule in which the kd heavy chain was connected by a 15-residue link to beta 2-microglobulin. peptides were covalently labeled at their n terminus with dansyl, and binding of dansylated kd-restricted peptid ...	1993	8477806
the novel hydroxynaphthoquinone 566c80 inhibits the development of liver stages of plasmodium berghei cultured in vitro.	the causal prophylactic activity of the novel hydroxynaphthoquinone, 566c80, was assessed against the exo-erythrocytic (ee) stages of plasmodium berghei cultured in the human hepatoma cell line, hepg2. 566c80 was found to be highly active as an inhibitor of ee development and was more active than the established causal prophylactic pyrimethamine. a 566c80 concentration of 1.85 x 10(-9) m, added 3 h after sporozoite invasion, reduced the numbers of ee forms visible at 48 h by 50 degrees o, while ...	1993	8479795
hemoglobin catabolism and host-parasite heme balance in chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei infections.	catabolism of host hemoglobin by the malaria parasite liberates required amino acid precursors, but is also releases large amounts of potentially toxic heme that accumulates in parasite food vacuoles during intra-erythrocytic development. the schizonticidal drug chloroquine binds to free heme with high affinity and is concentrated in parasite food vacuoles. to better understand the disposition of heme within the host-parasite complex, we studied the balance of hemoglobin and heme in plasmodium b ...	1993	8480854
reversal of chloroquine resistance in murine malaria parasites by prostaglandin derivatives.	an oligomeric ester of prostaglandin b2 (oc-5186) was found to reverse chloroquine resistance in the murine malarial parasite plasmodium berghei. when mice were infected with either chloroquine-sensitive or -resistant p. berghei on day 0 (by intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 10(6) parasitized erythrocytes), they died before day 23. when treated with 15 mg/kg/day of chloroquine for the first four days of infection, all mice infected with the sensitive-strain survived, while all those infected with ...	1993	8517483
photoaffinity labeling of the t cell receptor on living cytotoxic t lymphocytes.	using a direct binding assay based on photoaffinity labeling, we have studied the interaction of an antigenic peptide with mhc class i molecules and the tcr on living cells. two photoreactive derivatives of the h-2kd (kd) restricted plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) peptide 253-260 (yipsaeki) were used. the first derivative contained an n-terminal photoreactive iodo, 4-azido salicyloyl (iasa) group and biotin on the tcr contact residue lys259 [iasa-yipsaek(biotin)i]. as previously descr ...	1993	8473735
expression of members of the heat-shock protein 70 family in the exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum.	exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei cultured in hepg2-a16 hepatoma cells and those of p. falciparum in human hepatocytes transplanted under the kidney capsule of cb-17/icr scid/scid mice were used to evaluate expression of heat-shock-related stress proteins. although undetectable in the sporozoites, the expression of proteins similar in sequence of a heat-shock protein of 70 kda and a glucose-regulated protein of 78 kda was markedly induced in the hepatic stages of malaria parasites. ex ...	1993	8475027
a new method for isolation of the intraerythrocytic stages of plasmodium and babesia from their host cells.	a new method for the isolation of intraerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei and babesia divergens from red blood cells is described. the technique is based on hydrodynamic forces occurring in a flow channel containing a turbulent liquid current, which are capable of rupturing infected erythrocytes and removing their plasma membrane from the parasites' surface. the temperature and the concentration of cells were revealed as factors influencing the hydrodynamic forces. about 90% of the intact ...	1993	8469669
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. xlviii. the activities of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. part 1: studies leading to the development of novel cis-fused cyclopenteno derivatives.	the new chinese antimalarial blood schizontocide, artemisinin, derived from the plant artemisia annua, displays a high level of activity against polyresistant plasmodium falciparum. several synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes were examined in a search for compounds that exhibit a similar type of action against drug-resistant parasites. this paper, the first of a series, describes the examination of these trioxanes against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant malaria parasites in a rodent model, using artemis ...	1993	8346987
role of macrophages in experimental malaria: i. development of immunobioassay indicators.	the role of macrophages in immunogenic mechanisms of malaria was studied. the first part of the study aimed at development of indicators for assessing immunobioassay. accordingly, data on the natural course of lethal plasmodium berghei infection in mice were collected, and baseline estimates of a set of indicators were made. the indicators along with their estimated means are: prepatent period (pp), 2.57 +/- 0.06 days; survival period (sp), 17.63 +/- 0.29 days; median survival day (msd), 17.20 d ...	1993	8319812
magnesium deficiency affects malaria susceptibility in mice.	one hundred twenty mice were fed control and magnesium-(mg) deficient diets containing 960 and 50 mg mg/kg, respectively. after 12 days, mice were inoculated with several strains of plasmodium (p). parasitemias and survivals were monitored for 20 days after infection. the mg-deficient diet protected mice against the nonlethal parasite p. chabaudi as shown by decreased parasitemia. all control mice infected with p. vinckei died from the infection. mg-deficient mice had a much lower parasitemia an ...	1993	8440813
enhancement of drug susceptibility in plasmodium falciparum in vitro and plasmodium berghei in vivo by mixed-function oxidase inhibitors.	a number of compounds, as exemplified by verapamil and desipramine, have been shown to enhance the susceptibility of resistant malaria parasites to chloroquine. the mechanism by which these agents reverse resistance is still controversial but is though to involve alterations in drug transport causing an increase in steady-state drug concentrations. we have proposed that an alternative resistance mechanism may involve the metabolic deactivation of the drug in some resistant parasites via cytochro ...	1993	8328780
structure and expression of a post-transcriptionally regulated malaria gene encoding a surface protein from the sexual stages of plasmodium berghei.	the sexual stage-specific protein pbs21 of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei, expressed on the surface of zygotes and ookinetes, has been shown to induce an effective and long-lasting transmission blocking immunity. the gene encoding pbs21 was cloned by screening a cdna library prepared from enriched zygotes and ookinetes using the monoclonal antibody 13.1.15, which is capable of blocking subsequent parasite sexual development in the mosquito vector. the pbs21 gene encoded a protein ...	1993	8341324
isolation from a plasmodium chabaudi chromosome 7 specific library of a novel gene encoding a protein with multiple ggmp repeats homologous to hsp70.		1993	8341330
plasmodium berghei: is nitric oxide involved in the pathogenesis of mouse cerebral malaria?	to analyze whether nitric oxide may be involved in the pathogenesis of the mouse cerebral malaria (cm), nitrate and nitrite were first measured in urines of plasmodium species infected mice. the cm-susceptible cba/j mice were infected with either plasmodium berghei or plasmodium chabaudi, and the cm-resistant balb/c mice were infected with p. berghei. no increased levels of nitrate and nitrite were detected in urine of mice infected with plasmodium whatever the time of monitoring. in contrast, t ...	1993	8344400
plasmodium berghei-specific t cells respond to non-processed sporozoites presented by b cells.	the mechanism of malaria protective immunity induced by immunization with radiation-attenuated plasmodium sporozoites (spz) is only partially understood. for example, b and t cell responses specific for the circumsporozoite (cs) protein, a 46 kda spz surface protein, have been characterized; however, events leading to spz-specific t cell activation, i.e., processing and presentation of spz by antigen-presenting cells have not been investigated. in the present study we describe the in vitro analy ...	1993	8370405
plasmodium falciparum sporozoite immunization protects against plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection.	irradiated sporozoites are generally thought to elicit protective immune responses that are parasite stage and species specific. but immunization with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites delivered by the bite of infected mosquitoes protects an average of 60% mice from plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection. protection appears to be specific as p. falciparum sporozoite-immunized mice protected against p. berghei remain susceptible to plasmodium yoelii sporozoite infection. passively transferred im ...	1993	8375482
differentiation of toxoplasma gondii from closely related coccidia by riboprint analysis and a surface antigen gene polymerase chain reaction.	the tachyzoite of the human pathogen toxoplasma gondii is morphologically indistinguishable from the proliferative stages of some other zoonotic coccidia, including sarcocystis. to determine the identity of such coccidia obtained from human tissues and other sources, we compared riboprints (through restriction enzyme analysis of the polymerase chain reaction [pcr]-amplified small subunit rrna gene) of the following protozoa: the rh and ts-4 strains of t. gondii, lines oh3 and s11, which are two ...	1993	8470780
plasmodium berghei: recombinant interferon-gamma and the development of parasitemia and cerebral lesions in malaria-infected mice.	mice infected with plasmodium berghei k173-parasitized erythrocytes develop severe hypothermia followed by death as a consequence of murine cerebral malaria early in the second week after infection. a single intraperitoneal injection of 10(5) units of ifn-gamma given between day 4 and day 6 postinfection results in a transient decrease of body temperature. no effect on parasitemia and cerebral malaria is obtained by this treatment. daily injections of relatively low doses of ifn-gamma delays the ...	1993	8375490
the scid mouse as a laboratory model for development of the exoerythrocytic stages of human and rodent malaria.		1993	8375494
the roles of ca2+/calmodulin- and cgmp-dependent pathways in gametogenesis of a rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei.	the induction mechanism of gamete formation (gametogenesis) in a rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, was investigated using ca2+ antagonists, protein kinase inhibitors and amiloride, an inhibitor of monovalent cation/h+ exchange. treatment with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (tmb-8, a ca2+ release inhibitor) and w-7/w-66 (calmodulin inhibitors) blocked formation of male gametes by inhibiting dna synthesis from 1.5c to 8c level. in contrast, inhibitors of camp/c ...	1993	8385016
kupffer cell elimination enhances development of liver schizonts of plasmodium berghei in rats.	we investigated the development of exoerythrocytic forms (eef) of plasmodium berghei in livers of normal and macrophage-depleted brown norway rats. macrophages were depleted by use of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate. upon inoculation of sporozoites, macrophage-depleted rats had significantly larger numbers of eef than untreated rats. we also investigated the effect of macrophage impairment by silica treatment on the development of eef and confirmed that silica induces a sig ...	1993	8386704
antimalarial activity of azithromycin and erythromycin against plasmodium berghei.	several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis on 70s ribosomes, including the macrolide erythromycin, and the azalides azithromycin (zithromax) and cp-63,956, demonstrated antimalarial activity against two strains of plasmodium berghei. in a four-day in vivo test, the azalides were 25-fold more potent than erythromycin against the chloroquine-sensitive p. berghei n strain, and displayed additive effects with chloroquine. this effect was not observed with the erythromycin-chloroquine combina ...	1993	8394660
differential t cell receptor photoaffinity labeling among h-2kd restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte clones specific for a photoreactive peptide derivative. labeling of the alpha-chain correlates with j alpha segment usage.	using a direct binding assay based on photoaffinity labeling, we studied the interaction of t cell receptor (tcr) with a kd-bound photoreactive peptide derivative on living cells. the kd-restricted plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) peptide 253-260 (yipsaeki) was reacted nh2-terminally with biotin and at the tcr contact residue lys259 with photoreactive iodo, 4-azido salicylic acid (iasa) to make biotin-yipsaek(iasa)i. cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones derived from mice immunized with ...	1993	8478607
plasmodium berghei: partial purification and characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.	mitochondria from a rodent malarial parasite (plasmodium berghei) were successfully purified by differential centrifugation and 22% percoll density gradient separation. the purified mitochondria from the erythrocytic stages of the parasite had a density of 1.05 and were found to be heterogeneous by transmission electron microscopy and rhodamine 123 fluorescence microscopy. three marker enzymes, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase, were assessed during t ...	1993	8397100
kinetics of expression of two major plasmodium berghei antigens in the mosquito vector, anopheles stephensi.	expression of a 21 kda determinant (pbs21), first detected on the surface of ookinetes, and of the circumsporozoite protein (csp) was studied by immunofluorescence and western blots during the developmental cycle of plasmodium berghei in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. the expression of pbs21 was predominantly localised on the ookinete surface one day after the infectious blood meal, and thereafter reactivity declined to a minimum on days 2 and 3, the time of onset of oocyst development. a gra ...	1993	8401470
effect of chloroquine on hepatic heme-oxygenase during plasmodium berghei infection in mice.	hepatic heme-oxygenase and heme levels were monitored during plasmodium berghei infection and chloroquine treatment in swiss albino mice. a progressive increase in heme-oxygenase and heme levels was noticed with the rise in parasitemia. further, chloroquine treatment did not result in any change towards normal heme-oxygenase and heme content, when they were assayed a week after cessation of drug treatment. chloroquine treatment of non-parasitized and parasitized mice resulted in significant loss ...	1993	8496005
a 54-kda protein overexpressed by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei anka strain.	using an insoluble chloroquine-adsorbent, a 54-kda protein (with a range of 50-60 kda) was extracted from serum of mice infected with chloroquine-resistant (cr) plasmodium berghei anka strain. immunoblotting assay with antiserum against the 54-kda protein showed that the content of the protein was higher in serum of mice infected with the cr parasites than that of mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive (cs) p berghei anka strain, and that instead of the 54-kda protein, a set of 15-, 16-, and 2 ...	1993	8503289
effect of nifedipine on oxidative damage of erythrocytes in plasmodium berghei-infected mice.	it is known that the calcium channel blocker (ccb), nifedipine, can inhibit phagocyte oxidative burst in plasmodium berghei-infected mice. the extent of immunopathological changes as seen by the course of infection and membrane lipid peroxidation in nifedipine-treated mice was examined in comparison with untreated mice at different parasite loads. the glutathione antioxidant system was also studied in these animals to assess its capacity to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ros) in infected er ...	1993	8403562
the effect of transmission-blocking antibody ingested in primary and secondary bloodfeeds, upon the development of plasmodium berghei in the mosquito vector.	the effects of purified monoclonal immunoglobulins from control, or transmission-blocking anti-pbs21 antibodies, upon the infection of anopheles stephensi by ookinetes of plasmodium berghei are compared. anti-pbs21 antibody reduced mean intensity and prevalence of infection by 94.7 and 58.7% respectively if added to the infectious bloodfeed at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. fab fragments were of similar efficacy. no transmission enhancement was detected with declining antibody concentrati ...	1993	8233585
the design of original antimalarial drugs. an example of phospholipid metabolism.	the aim of our program was to find an original chemotherapeutical treatment (and eventually a preventive treatment) of malaria, an illness largely predominant in developing countries, by interfering on an essential metabolism developed by plasmodium during its erythrocytic phase. apart from what has been learnt about metabolism and the pharmacological target, a crucial step has been taken during this contract by passing from micromolar in vitro active concentrations (during 1986-1990) to nanomol ...	1993	8233602
mobile repeat units in plasmodium berghei.		1993	8233609
the role of the host during the development of plasmodium berghei hepatic schizonts.	immature exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei are immunogenic and produce antigens with protective capacities. immunization experiments show a strong dependency of the responses on the host species and strain. to study this dependency a potential natural host of plasmodium berghei, thamnomys gazellae, was introduced, a species which is very susceptible for infection. young liver stages were produced in different hosts after inoculation with irradiated sporozoites or after treatment with ...	1993	8233610
genome organization, chromosome translocation and size polymorphism in rodent malaria parasites.	in our laboratory, rodent malaria models are used to investigate processes that underlie cell differentiation with specific emphasis on sexual development. the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei is particularly suited for this research since the different sexual stages (from young gametocytes to mature ookinetes) can be obtained pure and in large numbers.	1993	8233613
chromosomal polymorphism and sexual differentiation in plasmodium.	the correlation observed in several instances between the loss of ability to produce gametocytes and chromosomal rearrangements, prompted us to investigate in further detail the molecular bases of chromosomal polymorphism in plasmodium. generation of polymorphic karyotypes in plasmodium involves important rearrangements, mostly occurring in subtelomeric position. detailed analysis on the organisation of these regions have been carried out on the rodent malaria p. berghei and the human malaria p. ...	1993	8233621
altered course of plasmodium berghei infection by nifedipine treatment.	the effect of nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker) on the course of p. berghei infection was examined. it was observed that mice receiving a daily dose of 0.015 mg/kg of nifedipine had significantly shorter prepatent, patent and survival periods as compared to untreated p. berghei-infected animals (p < 0.001). this shows that the calcium channel blockers, in addition to possessing the property of reversing drug resistance during combined therapy with chloroquine, may also alter the pathophysio ...	1993	8240785
activity of doxycycline against preerythrocytic malaria.		1993	8245561
antimalarial activity from 'mhekara' (uapaca nitida müll-arg.), a tanzanian tree.	an aqueous decoction of the root bark of uapaca nitida müll-arg. is currently used locally at the benedictine mission at peramiho in tanzania to treat malaria. we have now demonstrated that extracts of root bark and leaves of this tree are active against the multidrug-resistant k1 strain of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. an ethanolic extract of root bark showed activity against p. berghei in mice but at a dose which also showed toxic effects. the use of this plant in treating malaria appears to ...	1993	8246530
[effect of quinolones on mice experimental infection by plasmodium berghei and their possible therapeutic usefulness].	the search for new antimalarial drugs is important for many reasons, specially because of the resistance of plasmodia. some clinical and laboratory studies have recently indicated that quinolones, currently in use for treatment of bacterial infections, have antimalarial activity. so, we evaluated the possible action of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in mice experimentally infected by plasmodium berghei, by the oral route. taking into account parasitemia and mortality, we ca ...	1993	8248700
heterogeneity in patterns of malarial oocyst infections in the mosquito vector.	oocyst prevalence and intensity have been recorded in 349 laboratory infections of anopheles stephensi with plasmodium berghei. intensity and prevalence of infection are shown to be predictably related. the structure and heterogeneity in the infections has been analysed with the objective of describing the biological mechanisms by which the observed negative binomial oocyst distributions are generated. the analysis has revealed that the most likely processes lie within the population dynamic eve ...	1993	8341579
[fluidity of red blood cell membrane from mouse infected with malaria parasite].	the fluidity of membrane lipid regions of plasmodium berghei- or plasmodium yoelii-infected red blood cells has been determined by the fluorescence polarization technique using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (dph) as a probe. the results showed that the fluidity of plasmodium (berghei or yoelii)-infected red blood cell membranes was increased significantly as compared with that of normal controls judging from the degree of polarization and the microviscosity. its mechanism was discussed briefly.	1993	8174215
molecular cloning and localization of an abundant novel protein of plasmodium berghei.	screening of plasmodium berghei genomic libraries using dna insert corresponding to the 3' half of p. falciparum 70-kda heat shock protein gene identified several abundant clones which represent a novel gene in the parasite. the complete sequence was obtained using an approach based on inverse polymerase chain reaction. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of 19 imperfect repeats of the sequence gly-gly-met-pro toward the carboxy terminus. except for the similar sequ ...	1993	8341321
[studies on residual antimalarial activity of tripynadine in mice and monkeys].	this paper reports the experiments in which tripynadine free base at a dose 4.5 times that of ed50 was given to mice by intragastric administration. on the 20th day following the administration the mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(7) rbc infected with plasmodium berghei anka strain. the infection rate was zero, implying that all mice had acquired protection. although the residual activity time of tripynadine phosphate was longer than that of tripynadine free base or piperaquine phosphate, but tr ...	1993	8168241
metabolism of caffeine and theophylline in rats with malaria and endotoxin-induced fever.	1. the effects of malaria infection due to plasmodium berghei and escherichia coli endotoxin-induced fever on the metabolism of orally-administered caffeine (ca: 10 mg/kg) to its primary metabolites (theobromine (tb), paraxanthine (px) and theophylline (th)) were studied in 5-week-old male wistar rats (n = 5 for each treatment). in separate experiments, the effects of malaria and endotoxin-induced fever on the clearance of i.v.-administered theophylline (th; 15 mg/kg) were studied in another gro ...	1993	8135041
phagocytosis of malaria-infected erythrocytes in rodent malaria.		1993	8266248
effect of dietary iron on the course of plasmodium berghei malaria in young rats.	clinical and experimental evidence suggests that iron-deficient hosts are less susceptible to severe malaria and that iron supplementation aggravates infection. in the present study, 60 weanling wistar rats were fed standard diets with different iron concentrations: 21 mg/kg (group 1), 45 mg/kg (group 2) and 113 mg/kg (group 3). ferrous sulfate (feso4 x 7h2o) was added to the normal-iron and iron-supplemented diets (groups 2 and 3, respectively). data are reported as mean +/- sem. after 16 days ...	1993	8136731
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. li. studies on a new 8-aminoquinoline, wr 238,605.	wr 238,605, a novel 3-phenoxy-substituted 8-aminoquinoline, possesses causal prophylactic, blood schizontocidal and gametocytocidal activity against rodent malaria parasites. against the asexual, intra-erythrocytic stages of drug-sensitive plasmodium berghei n strain, it is about nine times as active as primaquine (pq). it is from four to 100 times as active as pq against lines of p. berghei or p. yoelii that are resistant to currently used antimalarials. wr 238,605 is three times as active as p ...	1993	8122915
screening of coptis teeta wall. for antimalarial effect: a preliminary report.		1993	8131885
plasmodium berghei: the use of discontinuous urografin density gradients for the separation of exoerythrocytic malaria parasites.	urografin was used in the lower cushion of discontinuous density gradient systems, for the separation of human hepatoma cells (hep g2) infected with exoerythrocytic p. berghei forms from uninfected cells. the hepatoma cells exhibited a rather heterogeneous density distribution, masking the possible density differences between infected and uninfected cells and hindering the efficient separation of both cell types. purely osmotic damage caused by urografin on human erythrocytes and hepatoma cells ...	1993	8154784
the transcript encoding the circumsporozoite antigen of plasmodium berghei utilizes heterogeneous polyadenylation sites.	we have employed polymerase chain reaction-based techniques to examine the transcript encoding the circumsporozoite (cs) antigen, the immunodominant coat protein of the infectious stage of the murine parasite plasmodium berghei. earlier studies suggested that the 3' terminus of the cs message might be determined by transcription termination rather than by cleavage and polyadenylation, as in most eukaryotes. here we report that a subset of cs messages are polyadenylated. moreover, the poly(a) tai ...	1993	8093973
detection of polymorphisms among theileria parva stocks using repetitive, telomeric and ribosomal dna probes and anti-schizont monoclonal antibodies.	a total of 21 theileria parva stocks from 6 countries were characterized using t. parva repetitive and ribosomal dna probes, a plasmodium berghei telomeric oligonucleotide and a panel of anti-schizont monoclonal antibodies (mabs). hybridization of the repetitive dna probe to southern blots of ecori-digested t. parva dna revealed 20 different restriction fragment patterns among dna samples isolated from infections initiated using 16 parasite stocks. the panel of anti-schizont mabs defined 8 diffe ...	1993	8102796
effect of nifedipine on calcium status and chemiluminescence response of phagocytes during plasmodium berghei infection in mice.	the macrophages and neutrophils from nifedipine-treated mice, both plasmodium berghei-infected and uninfected, showed suppressed capacity to generate oxygen free radicals as compared with untreated controls. nifedipine treatment did not affect resting state free calcium levels in these cells. but the rise in intracellular calcium levels of macrophages and neutrophils following p. berghei infection was significantly less (p < 0.05) in nifedipine-treated mice as compared with untreated groups at v ...	1993	8103102
does antiarrhythmic magnesium therapy enhance malarial infection?		1993	8105332
use of specific polyclonal antibodies for site specific drug targeting to malaria infected erythrocytes in vivo.	the possibility of using specific polyclonal antibodies for effective site specific drug targeting to malaria infected erythrocytes has been examined. for this purpose, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was raised against plasmodium berghei infected mouse erythrocytes (irbc) and extensively absorbed with normal erythrocytes (nrbc). absorbed antiserum specifically recognized irbc. f(ab')2-fragments of these antibodies were coupled to chloroquine (chq) laden liposomes. these immunoliposomes when tested ...	1993	8005626
[immunoelectron-microscopic localization of a 54-kda protein overexpressed by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei anka strain].	a 54-kda protein overexpressed by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei anka strain was first reported by us. in this paper, the localization of this protein by immunoelectron microscopy is presented. the results showed that the protein was mainly scattered inside the cytoplasm of the early, late trophozoites and schizonts of erythrocytic stage of p. berghei anka strain, and some of it was also found in cytoplasm of erythrocytes infected with parasites. the protein content was much higher in ...	1993	8174210
cell-mediated pathology during murine malaria-associated nephritis.	we have studied the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of nephritis during acute and chronic murine malaria infections induced by plasmodium vinckei petteri and p. berghei respectively. albuminuria and uraemia were observed during the early stages of both types of infection, and were associated with glomerular and interstitial hypercellularity. there was a gradual increase in numbers of cd45+ cells from the early stages of both infections onwards. these infiltrates contained cd4+ an ...	1993	7902786
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of artelinic acid in rodents.	the efficacy of artelinic acid and artemisinin, orally administered at 10 and 50 mg kg-1 day-1, was compared in plasmodium berghei infected mice. subsequently, the pharmacokinetics of artelinic acid after intravenous, intramuscular, oral and rectal administration of a 20 mg kg-1 aqueous solution to rabbits were studied in a four-way randomized cross-over experiment. after intravenous administration, artelinic acid concentrations in blood plasma were high (c0: 76 +/- 15 mg l-1), and the drug was ...	1993	7903374
tnf-induced microvascular pathology: active role for platelets and importance of the lfa-1/icam-1 interaction.	pathogenic mechanisms of brain microvascular injury were studied in an experimental model of cerebral malaria (cm). the lesion, leading to perivascular microhemorrhages, is due to cytokine overproduction, and is associated with the sequestration of macrophages and parasitized erythrocytes in cerebral venules. in this in vivo model, we demonstrate that platelets are critical effectors of the neurovascular injury. first, electron microscopy indicated that during cm platelets adhere to and probably ...	1993	7910490
changes in brain neurotransmitters in rodent malaria.	changes in brain neurotransmitters [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), norepinephrine, histamine and dopamine] were studied in plasmodium berghei-infected mice and rats. 5-ht and norepinephrine contents of brain decreased significantly in plasmodium berghei-infected mice and rats, but histamine and dopamine contents remained unaltered. decreased 5-ht and norepinephrine contents of brain may play a role in cerebral vasodilatation in malaria.	1993	7913449
ionic regulation and signal transduction system involved in the induction of gametogenesis in malaria parasites.		1993	9137587
mhc class i h-2kd-restricted antigenic peptides: additional constraints for the binding motif.	the previously defined binding motif of mhc class i h-2kd-restricted antigenic peptides consists of a y residue in position p2 and a hydrophobic residue with a large aliphatic side chain (l, i, or v) in position p9/p10 of optimal 9- or 10-mer peptides. we show now that the presence of a charged or a f residue in position p5 reduces the kd-restricted competitor activity of several cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes and model peptides, at a degree comparable to a substitutions for the p2 or the ...	1993	7505110
effect of recombinant human colony-stimulating factor on the course of parasitaemia in non-lethal rodent malaria.	the effect of repeated subcutaneous injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) on the attenuated plasmodium berghei xat infection in cba mice was examined. when mice were injected with rhg-csf daily beginning 2 days before infection, the neutrophil count in the peripheral blood increased 5 times higher than that of control mice and the development of parasitaemia was suppressed significantly during the early phase of the infection. this suppressive effect of ...	1993	7507593
murine malaria: anti-erythrocytic antibodies recognize n-acetyl neuraminic acid residues.	a cell-elisa was developed using monolayers of glutaraldehyde-fixed normal as well as plasmodium berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes for quantification and characterization of anti-erythrocytic autoantibodies in murine malaria. testing normal (nms) and peak parasitaemic sera (pps) on erythrocyte monolayers treated with trypsin, sodium meta periodate, neuraminidase or heat, and competitive inhibition of antibodies with soluble sialic acid, revealed that some anti-erythrocytic antibodies (which in ...	1993	7508418
factors regulating natural transmission of plasmodium berghei to the mosquito vector, and the cloning of a transmission-blocking immunogen.	naturally occurring factors that regulate the infectivity of p. berghei infected rodent hosts to the mosquito vector in vivo have been compared in t.o., balb/c and immunodeficient scid mice. no detectable differences in infectivity were observed suggesting b and t cell mediated factors are not involved. further studies investigated roles for macrophage colony stimulating factors, the cytokines ifn gamma and tnf alpha, of neutrophils, and of nitric oxide in the scid mouse, but have failed to demo ...	1993	7694225
flow cytometric screening of blood samples for malaria parasites.	an automated method for the detection and estimation of malaria parasites in blood samples using flow cytometry is presented. in a single-step procedure 50 microliters of blood sample was collected in 1 ml of lysis solution containing formaldehyde, causing red blood cells to lyse while parasites and white blood cells are preserved. thus prepared, samples could be transported and remained stored in lysis solution until flow cytometric analysis was performed. the cells were stained for dna with th ...	1993	7682494
malaria vaccine: immunization of mice with a synthetic t cell helper epitope alone leads to protective immunity.	the immunogenicity of the non-repetitive sequences of the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (cs) protein was studied using synthetic peptides. two cs sequences (residues 20-39 and 57-70) exhibiting t cell helper activity were identified. immunization of balb/c mice with a branched peptide containing either the 20-39 or the 57-70 sequence and two repeats (b epitope) in a linear sequence induced high titers of anti-repeat and anti-sporozoite antibodies. mice immunized with the t-b construct (hig ...	1993	7679652
common epitopes in the circumsporozoite proteins of plasmodium berghei and plasmodium gallinaceum identified by monoclonal antibodies to the p. gallinaceum circumsporozoite protein.	monoclonal antibodies that react with the circumsporozoite protein of the avian malaria plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites also reacted with circumsporozoite protein of the rodent malaria plasmodium berghei. two types of reactivity were identified: 1) two monoclonal antibodies reacted with p. berghei sporozoite protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot and indirect immunofluorescence antibody, 2) six other monoclonal antibodies reacted with p. berghei sporozoites by elisa and we ...	1993	7681341
analysis of micronucleated cells by flow cytometry. 1. achieving high resolution with a malaria model.	micronucleated cells (mn cells) are present in the blood as rare events (i.e. about 2 mn cells/1000 total). scoring mn cells by hand is both time-consuming and tedious, which is the primary reason why only 1000-2000 total cells (pces) are routinely scored for each sample. it is generally recognized that scoring larger numbers of cells would improve assay statistics and is desirable, but impractical with hand-scoring. in contrast, automated scoring methods can process large numbers of cells, thus ...	1993	7692249
analysis of micronucleated cells by flow cytometry. 2. evaluating the accuracy of high-speed scoring.	micronucleated blood cells--whether generated spontaneously or by clastogen treatment--are present in the blood and bone marrow as rare events. historically they have been scored manually by microscopic inspection which is labor-intensive and tedious. it has been recognized by investigators that a need exists for an automated method which can accurately, objectively and quantitatively score rare micronucleated cells. in order to improve assay statistics more cells must be processed, making high- ...	1993	7692250
morphological changes of clefts in plasmodium-infected erythrocytes under adverse conditions.	blood infected with human or rodent malaria parasites, plasmodium falciparum or plasmodium berghei, was exposed to higher ph, higher po2, and lower temperature than those used in standard cultivation conditions. parasitized blood was incubated for 20, 25, and 30 min with rpmi 1640 medium, 10% (vol/vol) serum, ph 8.0, at 20 degrees c in the air, conditions which are ultimately lethal to the asexual stages of malarial parasites. markedly dilated clefts were observed in the cytoplasm of the malaria ...	1993	7684707
[effect of spermidine on uptake of chloroquine by plasmodium berghei].	to probe into the effect of spermidine on chloroquine (chl) uptake by p berghei and its role of chl-resistance, mice infected with chl sensitive strain (cs) of p berghei were given chl 20 mg.kg-1 ig combined with spermidine (spe) 42 mg.kg-1 ip. it was found that 3 and 16 h after combined administration, chl quantity uptaken by the parasites was reduced respectively by 59.6% and 53.8% in comparison with that in the chl group. however, there was no difference in parasitaemia between chl group (2.3 ...	1993	8010037
[purification and isolation of different stages of plasmodium vivax, p. falciparum and p. berghei].	the present paper reported the results of purification and isolation of different stages of p. vivax, p. falciparum and p. berghei by percoll gradient centrifugation after removal of leukocytes (wbcs) by passing the blood suspension through cf-11 cellulose columns. 94.7% and 75.4% of wbcs from the patients' blood of vivax malaria and the mice blood infected with p. berghei respectively were removed with no alteration of the parasite density and the malaria stage ratio after the cellulose filtrat ...	1993	8082264
monoclonal antibodies recognize a processing dependent epitope present in the mature cs protein of various plasmodial species.	in the present paper, we have characterized the specificity of a series of monoclonal antibodies (moabs) against plasmodium berghei sporozoites, selected for their lack of reactivity with the repeat domain of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein. we found that these moabs recognize pb44, the mature membrane form of the cs protein, but they do not react with pb54, its precursor. furthermore, these moabs do not react with any of the synthetic peptides representing the linear sequence of the p. berghe ...	1992	1279504
gamete development in plasmodium berghei regulated by ionic exchange mechanisms.	ionic regulation in the induction of exflagellation of plasmodium berghei was investigated by culturing the parasites in various isotonic media. of the salts tested, nahco3 exhibited the highest activity in inducing exflagellation, whereas khco3 showed no activity. in the absence of hco3-, media containing monovalent cation (na+, k+, cs+, rd+, choline+, lysine+, arginine+) and cl- also induced exflagellation, but their activities were lower than that of nahco3. anions of br- or no3- could be sub ...	1992	1329079
deletion, insertion and translocation of dna sequences contribute to chromosome size polymorphism in plasmodium berghei.	extensive chromosome size polymorphism arises in plasmodium berghei during in vivo mitotic multiplication. size differences between homologous chromosomes mainly involve rearrangements in the subtelomeric regions while internal chromosomal regions are more conserved. size differences are almost exclusively due to differences in the copy number of a 2.3 kb subtelomeric repeat unit. not only deletion of 2.3 kb repeats occurs, but addition of new copies of this repeat sometimes results in the forma ...	1992	1343732
inhibition of the growth of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei in vitro by an extract of cochlospermum angolense (welw.).	an extract of cochlospermum angolense (welw.) is used in the traditional medicine of angola for the therapy of icterus and for the prophylaxis of malaria. from the roots of this plant red crystalline substances have been isolated and tested for their effect on plasmodium falciparum in vitro and on the dna and protein synthesis of plasmodium berghei. the multiplication of p. falciparum was decreased to 50% of the control in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml extracted material and there was a total ...	1992	1356304
pathology of fatal and resolving plasmodium berghei cerebral malaria in mice.	cba/t6 and balb/c mice inoculated with plasmodium berghei anka strain (pba) died from cerebral malaria 6-8 days post-inoculation. dba/2j mice similarly inoculated developed a non-fatal cerebral malaria, with mild temporary cerebral symptoms, and died between days 15 and 22 from other malaria-related complications. when inoculated with p. berghei k173 (pb) these mouse strains did not develop a cerebral malaria but died between days 15 and 22 from other malaria-related complications. these mouse s ...	1992	1280805
highly diverse t cell recognition of a single plasmodium berghei peptide presented by a series of mutant h-2kd molecules.	we have tested 21 independent ctl clones for recognition of a single peptide derived from the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein in the context of 13 mutants of the murine mhc class i molecule h-2kd. in this series of kd mutants, amino acid residues located on the upper surface of the alpha-helices were individually substituted by alanine. remarkably, most clones displayed individual recognition patterns on the kd mutants. we had previously found that this series of ctl clones was likew ...	1992	1281196
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. xlvii. studies on pyronaridine and other mannich base antimalarials.	the activities of mannich base antimalarials, including pyronaridine, have been explored against drug-sensitive (plasmodium berghei n) and chloroquine-resistant (plasmodium yoelii ns) rodent malaria parasites in vivo. lines of these parasites have been developed with resistance to pyronaridine, amodiaquine, or wr 228,258. the responses and patterns of cross-resistance of these lines to mannich bases and other blood schizontocides are inconsistent. it is concluded that some mannich bases may prov ...	1992	1288426
[antimalarial effect of n-hentriacontanol isolated from cuatresia sp (solanaceae)].	the antimalarial activity of the fatty alcohol, n-hentriacontanol, isolated from the bolivian solanaceae, cuatresia sp, is investigated in vivo through a classical four-day suppressive test against plasmodium berghei and p. vinckei in mice. this product markedly reduced the virulence of experimentally induced p. vinckei infection. n-hentriacontanol belongs to a new class of antimalarial natural compounds to be exploited for therapeutic purposes.	1992	1294019
[observation of ultrastructure and drug sensitivity of in vitro cultured exoerythrocytic form of plasmodium berghei].	the ultrastructure of in vitro cultured exoerythrocytic stage (ee) of plasmodium berghei (p. b.) was observed under transmission electron microscope (tem). the drug sensitivity of ee was also measured in vitro. the ee was cultured in monolayer host cell, fixed and embedded in situ. the ultrathin sections were prepared and examined by routine methods. the tem pictures showed that the fine structure of in vitro cultured ee was similar with that of ee grown in rat hepatocytes in vivo, as described ...	1992	1394909
synthesis and antimalarial properties of 1-imino derivatives of 7-chloro-3-substituted-3,4-dihydro-1,9(2h,10h)-acridinediones and related structures.	to improve upon the activity and properties of the 3-aryl-7-chloro-3,4- dihydro-1,9(2h,10h)-acridinediones, a variety of 1-[(alkylamino)alkylene]imino derivatives (3) were prepared and shown to be highly active antimalarial agents in both rodents and primates. among structural modifications prepared, including n10-alkyl and c2-substituted analogs, removal of the c9 oxygen, and introduction of an imino side chain at c9, the imines of the n10-h acridinediones were the most active compounds obtaine ...	1992	1404226
role of free radicals in plasmodium berghei infected mastomys natalensis brain.	lipid peroxide, lipid hydroperoxide, reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione, lipofuscin contents and the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase were assessed in p. berghei infected m. natalensis brain. the results showed significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxides, lipid hydroperoxides and lipofuscin in brain subcellular fractions of p. berghei infected m. natalensis. furthermore, a depressed superoxide dismutase activity was observed along with regulation in glutathione conten ...	1992	1294484
studies on the infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) in anopheles stephensi.	the infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) has been studied in laboratory bred anopheles stephensi. mosquitoes were fed daily on infected male and female mastomys natalensis and subsequent development of the oocysts was monitored in the midguts. maximum number of oocysts were found in mosquitoes which were fed on infected female mastomys on d8 and in male mastomys on d7 post-inoculation. during the next peak of gametocytaemia, very few oocysts developed. these findings suggest ...	1992	1296945
spectrophotometric assay of the interaction of plasmodium berghei infected erythrocyte lysates and neutral red.	in order to reveal by absorption spectrophotometry the redox differences between the plasmodium berghei infected erythrocyte lysates (mel) and the healthy ones (hel) we studied their interaction with the neutral red (nr) redox dye. the variation of the dye absorption intensity at 540 nm as a function of the hemoglobin content of the samples was attributed to the redox potential variation of the different hemoglobin aggregates formed in the samples containing different hemoglobin quantities. by s ...	1992	1297467