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[prevalence of g. vaginalis, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, t. vaginalis, yeast, n. gonorrhoeae and other bacteria in women with vaginal discharge].vaginal discharge of 118 women attended to outdoor clinics of obstetrics and gynaecology at medical faculty of ankara university (a.u.t.f.), have been examined. direct microscopy has been made by means of wet mount, gram and giemsa staining. vaginal ph has been measured, by 10% koh the presence of "fishy odor" has been investigated. for culturing vaginal secretions in amies transport medium have been brought to microbiology department of ankara university, faculty of medicine inoculations have b ...19921588849
comparison of the vaginal flora in sexually abused and nonabused girls.the presence of sexually transmitted pathogens in the vagina of the sexually abused girl may provide direct evidence of sexual abuse; the presence of other abnormal vaginal organisms may provide indirect evidence of abuse. to identify abnormal vaginal organisms, we prospectively studied the flora of 209 sexually abused girls (cases) and compared it with that in a concurrent control group of 108 girls. case and control subjects were from the same community, were predominantly white, and 71% of ea ...19921593345
disease prevalence among women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic varies with reason for visit.prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (std) and selected behavioral and demographic variables were evaluated in 279 women attending a baltimore std clinic, using a standardized questionnaire and cultures for neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, and trichomonas vaginalis. stratified by reason for clinic visit, 102 (37%) of 279 women attending the clinic stated that they were recent contacts to men with stds with the majority (59 out of 102, or 58%) reporting gonorrhea contact as th ...19921595017
molecular basis of host epithelial cell recognition by trichomonas vaginalis.parasitism of host epithelial cells by trichomonas vaginalis is a highly specific event. four trichomonad surface proteins (adhesins) with molecular masses of 65,000 daltons (65 kda; ap65), 51 kda (ap51), 33 kda (ap33), and 23 kda (ap23) mediate the interaction of t. vaginalis with epithelial cells. fresh isolates, when compared with long-term-grown isolates, had greater amounts of adhesins, which corresponded with increased levels of cytoadherence. anti-adhesin antibodies reacted by immunoblot ...19921602965
prenatal microbiological risk factors associated with preterm birth.to study the vaginal flora of pregnant women at 22-28 weeks gestation to determine whether the presence of specific micro-organisms is significantly associated with preterm birth and prelabour rupture of the membranes.19921606115
screening of rwandese medicinal plants for anti-trichomonas activity.a series of 30 medicinal plants used in rwandese traditional medicine has been screened for anti-trichomonas activity against the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. seventeen plants showed anti-trichomonas activity.19921608271
[in vivo observations of the division of the oversized round forms of trichomonas vaginalis in culture].continuous in vivo observations of the behaviour of multinucleate, multiflagellate forms of trichomonas vaginalis have been made in a microchamber at 36 degrees c. it has been proven that these forms are initial forms of the multiplication of the parasite by cell division. serial in vivo shots have been taken in this microchamber of the budding of a young flagellate from a multinucleate, multiflagellate form. in vivo observations have shown that these round forms are multiplicable, living cell f ...19921610016
comparison of ofloxacin and metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.the efficacy and safety of ofloxacin, 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, was compared with metronidazole, 400 mg twice daily for 7 days, for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (bv). diagnosis of bv was confirmed by at least 3 of the following 4 criteria: the presence of an abnormal vaginal discharge on examination, clue cells on microscopy of vaginal specimens, vaginal ph greater than 5.0 and a positive amine test. vaginal specimens were examined for mobiluncus spp, analysed for the succinate/lact ...19921616967
microbial causative agents of male urethritis.the incidence of chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis was studied in men with urethritis. out of 150 examined men 48.7% had the positive isolation of u. urealyticum, 26.0% c. trachomatis, 22.7% n. gonorrhoeae, 18.7% m. hominis and in one (0.7%) patient t. vaginalis was found. none of the above mentioned microorganisms was detected in 24.7% of examined men. in 43.3% cases only one agent was isolated. in 23.3% of the men ...19921619287
the effects of a combined contraceptive vaginal ring releasing ethinyloestradiol and 3-ketodesogestrel on vaginal flora.fifty nine women with documented normal ovulatory cycles and with no symptoms of vaginal infection were divided into four groups. each group used a combined contraceptive vaginal ring (ccvr) with a mean daily release rate of 0.015 mg of ethinyloestradiol (ee) and 0.120 mg of 3-ketodesogestrel (3-kdg) per day, for one cycle of either 21, 28, 42, or 56 days. cultures from the posterior vaginal fornix and from the endocervical canal were obtained immediately before insertion of the ring and on remo ...19921623721
characterization of the heat-shock response of trichomonas vaginalis.the heat-shock response induced in trichomonas vaginalis by exposure to various incubation temperatures was traced by metabolic labeling and monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. increasing the incubation temperature from 37 degrees c to 43 degrees c depressed normal protein production and enhanced synthesis of heat-shock proteins (hsp). smaller increases in incubation temperature resulted in little change in protein synthesis, whereas larger te ...19921636886
inhibition of trichomonas vaginalis ornithine decarboxylase by amino acid analogs.ornithine decarboxylase (odc) from trichomonas vaginalis was inhibited irreversibly by several substrate analogs. of these, dl-alpha-monofluoromethyldehydroornithine (mfmdo) and dl-alpha-monofluoromethylornithine (mfmo) were the most potent. the enzyme was unaffected by putrescine analogs suggesting that differences exist between the regulation of the trichomonad enzyme and that in other eukaryotes. in culture the ornithine analogs strongly inhibited putrescine synthesis and increased the genera ...19921642639
transient myopia following metronidazole treatment for trichomonas vaginalis. 19921729572
sexually transmitted diseases and their relation to male infertility.controversy surrounds the role of sexually transmitted diseases in male infertility. because our understanding of male infertility is limited, and because diagnostic tests such as semen analysis including culture and leukocyte count are variable, definitive conclusions on stds and their effect on infertility cannot be substantiated. prospective investigations of infertile couples using appropriate control groups, sophisticated semen collection protocols, proper microbiologic techniques, and stan ...19921736478
sexually transmitted protozoal infections. trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia lamblia.collectively, protozoa account for the largest number of stds worldwide. although these organisms can be eradicated effectively in the individual patient, their high asymptomatic carriage rate appears to have a significant influence on their continued transmission. the best hope for eradication of these organisms lies in a high index of suspicion in high-risk populations and the careful evaluation and treatment of sexual partners of infected persons.19921736479
detection of candida cell forms in pap smears during pregnancy.in a prospective study of 124 urban black pregnant women, 43% had candida isolated from endocervical cultures and 20% had candida cell forms on cytological pap-stained cervical specimens. the presence of candida cell forms on pap smears had a better correlation with candida colonisation when normal lactobacillary flora was present, when trichomonas vaginalis parasites were absent and when the infecting candida species was c. albicans. positive cultures were strongly related to a number of clinic ...19921737603
[new alkylated derivates and dissociation constans of 3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazole].in the reactions of 3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazole (bio) and its 5-cl and 6-cl derivatives with ethyl bromoacetate were obtained the mixtures of o- and n- substituted esters but 7-no2-bio formed only o-ester. the products of n-aminomethylation of 5-no2-bio were active against trichomonas vaginalis. the structures of pure compounds have been confirmed by elementary analysis and ir spectrometry. determinations of dissociation constants (pka) of bio, 5-cl-bio, 6-cl-bio, 7-cl-bio, 5-f-bio, 5-no2-bio, 7 ...199216092412
viruses of parasitic protozoa.recently, specific viruses have been identified among the parasitic protozoa trichomonas vaginalis, giardia lamblia, leishmania braziliensis, the eimeria spp and the babesia spp. these viruses share many features: they are all rna viruses and most, if not all, doublestranded (ds) rna viruses with nonsegmented genomes ranging between 5 and 7 kilobases (kb); they are spherical or icosahedral with an average diameter of 30-40 nm. the giardiavirus is one of the best characterized and can infect viru ...199115463448
viruses of the protozoa. 19911741616
vaginal and cervical abnormalities associated with trichomonal infection.cytological changes were studied among 393 women, reporting to samir health centre, khartoum (sudan), using papanicolaou staining. vaginal trichomoniasis was confirmed by wet-mounts and cultural methods. non-specific inflammatory changes were prominent (17.4%). in 33.5% of parasitised patients, the cervix was found healthy. cancer of the cervix was not detected in patients investigated.19911752225
detection of variable dna repeats in diverse eukaryotic microorganisms by a single set of polymerase chain reaction primers.we cloned and sequenced a variable dna repeat from trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite. targeting of this repeat in the polymerase chain reaction resulted in complex and intense product patterns for a wide variety of eukaryotic microorganisms, including the pathogenic protozoan parasites t. vaginalis, giardia lamblia, leishmania donovani, three species of trypanosoma, and four species of acanthamoeba; the nonpathogenic protozoans, paramecium tetraurelia and tetrahymena thermo ...19911757544
the vagina of women infected with trichomonas vaginalis has numerous proteinases and antibody to trichomonad proteinases.patients with trichomoniasis have serum antibody to numerous t. vaginalis cysteine proteinases, indicating that the proteinases are expressed in vivo. it was important, therefore, to examine for the presence of soluble trichomonad proteinases and/or antibody to the proteinases in the vagina of infected women.19911774051
effect of beta-estradiol on production of the cell-detaching factor of trichomonas vaginalis.despite over 40 years of study, the pathogenetic mechanisms of trichomonas vaginalis are just starting to be elucidated. we have recently reported that t. vaginalis produces a virulence factor, cell-detaching factor (cdf), that likely causes the cell sloughing seen in clinical disease. this 200-kda glycoprotein is acid and heat labile and correlates with clinical symptoms. we applied a mccoy cell culture system to study the effects of various concentrations of beta-estradiol (10(-6) to 10(-10) m ...19911774306
emergency cervical cerclage.to assess the efficacy of emergency cervical cerclage.19911777455
a cytopathic effect of trichomonas vaginalis probably mediated by a mannose/n-acetyl-glucosamine binding lectin.the pathogenic effect of a highly pathogenic strain of trichomonas vaginalis on mccoy cell monolayers was investigated. specific inhibition of the cytopathic effect by monosaccharides, such as n-acetyl-glucosamine (glcnac) and mannose (man), was observed. our preliminary results suggest that the pathogenicity of t. vaginalis depends on a lectin specifically sensitive to glcnac and to a lesser extent to man. although n-acetyl-mannosamine was found to be the most efficient inhibitor, this effect s ...19911787036
[microbial assessment of patients with vaginitis, vaginal discharge and urine cultures].in 150 patients with the complaint of vaginitis, direct light microscopical examination of vaginal discharge specimens and the cultures of vaginal discharge and urine have been studied. according to the results of vaginal discharge cultures, the most frequent microorganism yielded was e. coli, the following candida species and staphylococcus aureus being the second and the third respectively. meanwhile, in light microscopical examination, in 5 patients trichomonas vaginalis was seen, while candi ...19911795655
in vitro effects of berberine sulphate on the growth and structure of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis.the plant alkaloid, berberine sulphate, inhibited the growth of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis in bi-s-33 medium, and induced morphological changes in the parasites. exposure of e. histolytica to berberine caused a clumping of chromatin in the nucleus, and the formation of autophagic vacuoles and aggregates of small vacuoles in the cytoplasm. in berberine-treated g. lamblia, an irregularly-shaped vacuole appeared in the cytoplasm and gradually enlarged during cu ...19911796883
[age and sex distribution of sexually transmitted diseases in valladolid. a study of 5076 cases].the age and sex distribution of 5,076 cases of s.t.d. dealt with between 1982 and 1988 at the dermatological dispensary of the territorial social welfare service in valladolid are studied. the maximum frequency of s.t.d. (24.1% of cases) corresponded to the age group between 21 and 25 years, which was also the period for maximum prevalence of neisseria gonorrhoeae (26.3%), gardnerella vaginalis (30.7%), candida albicans (27.4%) and acuminata condyloma (33.4%). syphilis (19.9%), chlamydia trachom ...19911801185
studies on the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis amongst pregnant women in jos area of plateau state, nigeria.an investigation was carried out on the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis amongst pregnant women in jos area of plateau state, nigeria. the pregnant women were made up of 250 women from jos metropolis and 250 women from jos rural area. jos metropolis women were found to have 37.6% rate of infection while jos rural women were found to have 24.8% rate of infection. the ph range of the infected women was found to lie between 6-8. their vaginal discharges were found to be frothy and greenish-yellow ...19911803952
enhanced antiparasitic activity of lipophilic tetracyclines: role of uptake.it was previously noted that the inhibitory activities of lipophilic tetracyclines against the growth of giardia lamblia in vitro were up to 40-fold greater than those of nonlipophilic tetracyclines (50% inhibitory concentration [ic50] = 1.8 to 71 micrograms/ml) (t. d. edlind, antimicrob. agents chemother. 33:2144-2145, 1989). we have now extended this observation to trichomonas vaginalis (ic50 = 2.9 to 200 micrograms/ml), entaoeba histolytica (ic50 = 3.8 to 36 micrograms/ml), and leishmania maj ...19911803991
[cytotoxicity of lymphokine activated peritoneal macrophages against trichomonas vaginalis].trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic flagellate in the urogenital tract of human. innate cytotoxicity of macrophages against t. vaginalis has been recognized, but any report on the cytotoxicity of lymphokine-activated macrophages to t. vaginalis is not yet available. the present study aimed to elucidate the lymphokine-activated cell mediated cytotoxic effect against t. vaginalis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. cytotoxicity was measured by counting the release of 3h-thymidine from prelabeled pro ...19911804302
[aminomethyl derivatives of (benzisothiazolin-3-one-2-yl)acetic acid amides and 2-(1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one-2-yl)propionic acid amides].in the search for pharmacological active new derivatives of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-on amides of (3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)acetic acid and 3-(3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)propionic acid were obtained. in the reaction of these amides with formaldehyde and various second aryl amines the title compounds are formed. morpholinmethylamide of (3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)acetic acid showed activity against trichomonas vaginalis. in the reaction of ethyl esters of (3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazoli ...19911811228
microbiological study of vaginal discharge associated with the use of cut 200.a microbiological study of the vaginal discharge was conducted on 75 women attending family planning outdoors. in 24 out of 25 symptomatic cut 200 users suffering from non-specific vaginitis, gardnerella vaginalis was isolated from 19 cases (79%). the difference in the recovery rate of gardnerella vaginalis was highly significant between symptomatic cut 200 users and non-users (p less than 0.001) and that between symptomatic and asymptomatic cut 200 users (p less than 0.05). but the difference b ...19911815012
synthesis and study of antiprotozoal activity of some 5-nitrothiophene aldimines.this paper reports on the synthesis and the antiparasitical activity of some 5-nitrothiophene aldimines variously substituted on aniline nucleus. the influence of substituents on the activity of the prepared compounds is discussed.19911815581
a comparison of wet mount, culture and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women.one thousand women in the child bearing age group, attending the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient department, were investigated for the presence of trichomonas vaginalis in their vaginal discharges. t. vaginalis was isolated in 68 patients (6.8%) by wet mount and/or culture. 55 cases (80.9%) were detected by wet mount examination and 67 (98.5%) by culture in tps-i medium. significant levels of antitrichomonal iga antibody in the vaginal secretions by micro-elisa technique were detected in 3 ...19911816659
[virulence of trichomonas vaginalis strains in relation to clinical forms of trichomonas vaginitis].estimation of virulence of t. vaginalis strains injected subcutaneously to mice was done. t. vaginalis strains were obtained from the urogenital tracts of patients with different clinical forms of trichomoniasis. the virulence of t. vaginalis strains measured by infiltration size was found to depend upon a clinical form of trichomoniasis . it was moreover shown that the cutaneous infiltration size is proportional to a dose of trichomonas administered subcutaneously. histopathological analysis of ...19911822038
[usefulness of polysaccharide and glycoprotein fractions of trichomonas vaginalis in the serodiagnosis of trichomonas infections].it has been shown that glycoprotein and polysaccharide fractions obtained from t. vaginalis cells can be employed as antigens in serodiagnosis of trichomoniasis. this refers especially to the polysaccharide fraction because of its easy availability, solubility in aqueous solutions, high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. it has been stated that the diagnostic value of polysaccharide antigen of t. vaginalis, in occult trichomoniasis in men particularly, is higher than the effect of the secre ...19911822039
[metronidazole resistance test in vitro in strains of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from clinical material. 1. test conditions].metronidazole-resistant clinical isolates of trichomonas vaginalis display an aerobic type of resistance detectable in vitro only if some oxygen is present. consequently, adjustment of the optimal concentration of o2 in assay system is of critical importance for dependable determination of minimal lethal concentration (mlc) of the drug. the authors demonstrated that decrease of oxygen content in assay media (from 191.2 nm to 49.5 nm o2.ml-1) resulted in increased susceptibility of the drug-resis ...19911827366
[metronidazole resistance test in vitro in strains of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from clinical material. 2. proposal for a standard tests].the purpose of this paper is to recommend a dependable susceptibility assays for detection of resistance to metronidazole in trichomonas vaginalis, suitable for routine use in clinical and public health care laboratories. two different assays, the microtitre plate test based on meingassner's technique and an alternative tube-assay, were scrutinized and compared using 10 metronidazole-resistant isolates from czechoslovakia, other european countries and usa and 10 drug-susceptible strains isolated ...19911827367
three aspecific atpases in trichomonas vaginalis.1. three aspecific atpases were found in the sedimentible fractions of trichomonas vaginalis. 2. one, with a ph optimum of 5.5, was equally activated by ca2+ or mg2+, moderately stable, preferred nucleotide diphosphates as substrates, and was inhibited by vanadate, oligomycin, nitrate and na+. 3. a second, with a ph optimum of 7.5, was activated by mg2+, preferred guanosine diphosphate as substrate, and was the least stable and most subject to inhibitors (vanadate, oligomycin, nem, nbd-cl, azide ...19911838312
anti-trichomonad iga antibodies in trichomoniasis before and after treatment.anti-trichomonad iga antibodies were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in serum and vaginal secretions of 25 symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic trichomonas vaginalis positive patients before and after treatment and in 25 age-matched controls. significantly higher levels of antitrichomonad iga antibodies were found in t. vaginalis positive patients when compared to control subjects, especially in vaginal secretions. in addition, a significant decrease in these antibodies was obs ...19911841864
[etiology of vulvovaginitis in childhood].a prospective study on the causal microorganism of vulvovaginitis was done to 100 ambulatory patients seen at a pediatric gynecology unit of a metropolitan hospital at santiago, chile, from november 1988 throughout july 1989. samples of vaginal discharge were taken from each patient and studied for bacteria, fungi and trichomonas. search of pinworms was also done in 55 patients by the transparent adhesive tape test. it was possible to confirm the etiology of vulvovaginitis in 81 cases. bacteria ...19911844941
interaction of tpa-treated trichomonads with fibronectin-coated substrata. 19911845239
cytomegalovirus infection in sexually active adolescents.to determine whether cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in teenage girls is related to sexual activity, 254 girls 12-18 years old (mean, 15.8) attending a contraceptive counseling clinic were studied. participants were screened for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis, and serum antibody to cmv was determined. demographic and sexual history data were collected by interview. the mean number of lifetime sex partners was 2.2; 173 (68%) were seropositive. race, greate ...19911847399
inorganic pyrophosphatase of trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis homogenates were found to have an acid inorganic pyrophosphatase activity with a specific activity at ph 4.8 of about 7 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1. this activity was localized predominantly in hydrolase containing particles, showed structure-bound latency and was tightly membrane-bound. the activity showed no magnesium dependence, a km of about 2 mm inorganic pyrophosphate, a ph optimum of 5.2 and was inhibited by fluoride at millimolar levels. no evidence was obtained for t ...19911849232
the role of immunoglobulin and complement in enhancing the respiratory burst of neutrophils against trichomonas vaginalis.human neutrophils, alone, did not kill trichomonas vaginalis. more than 90% of t. vaginalis (10(5)/ml) survived in the presence of 10% normal human serum (nhs) while 90% of these organisms were killed in the presence of a combination of neutrophils (10(6)/ml) and 10% nhs. mechanisms responsible for this serum-mediated neutrophil killing of t. vaginalis were demonstrated through a process of lucigenin-amplified neutrophil chemiluminescence. as evidenced by indirect immunofluorescence, nhs showed ...19911852474
murine pathogenicity of trichomonas vaginalis & its susceptibility to metronidazole.eight isolates of t. vaginalis obtained from clinical specimens were tested for their pathogenicity in the murine model using the subcutaneous route of inoculation. in general, all isolates produced localised purulent abscesses in the mice. on comparison with a reference strain, all but two isolates were found to be significantly more pathogenic for mice than the reference strain, while two were comparable in their pathogenicity. all eight isolates were sensitive in vivo to metronidazole. in six ...19911855825
microbiological evaluation of female patients in std clinics.a total of 215 women patients attending the std clinic were evaluated in an attempt to isolate the different microorganisms in sexually transmitted diseases (std). mycoplasmas (30.22%), candida species (20.00%), trichomonas vaginalis (wet mount study; 15.81%), beta haemolytic streptococci (13.48%), neisseria gonorrhoeae (9.30%), staphylococcus aureus (13.95%), inclusion bodies of chlamydia trachomatis (11.60%) and gram negative organisms (9.30%) were isolated from these patients. sera of all pat ...19911855826
the regulation by iron of the synthesis of adhesins and cytoadherence levels in the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis.levels of adherence of trichomonas vaginalis to epithelial cells was found to be modulated by iron. cytoadherence values were greater than or equal to twofold higher for trichomonads grown in a complex cultivation medium supplemented with iron. this increase in adherence levels was specifically mediated by iron; parasites cultured in a low-iron medium in the presence of salts other than iron were unresponsive to changes in adherence levels. expression of the higher adherence property, by parasit ...19911856625
cryosurvival of trichomonas vaginalis during cryopreservation of human semen.despite a 90% cryosurvival of trichomonas vaginalis in their growth medium trypticase yeast maltose (tym) with dmso, none of these parasites have previously been observed to survive during cryopreservation of infected human semen with glycerol (andrologia 18, 323 (1986)). this could have been due to the failure of the culture method used to detect low numbers of survivors. the prospects of possible transmission of t. vaginalis by artificial insemination with cryobanked (-196 degrees c) semen pro ...19911864083
[preparation of oxime, hydrazone and dichloroacetamide derivatives. researches of antiparasitic activity].several oximes, hydrazones and dichloroacétamides were synthesized. the antiparasitic properties of these compounds were evaluated in vitro against two protozoaires entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis.19911867460
detection of antitrichomonal antibodies in sera and cervical secretions in trichomoniasis.the at, ifat and elisa were used to detect circulating and cervical antitrichomonal antibodies, using living and dead whole parasite or soluble protein extract as antigens respectively, in 93 women with proven trichomoniasis and 25 healthy women as controls. the results revealed that the ifa test is the most sensitive one for detecting serum (92.5%) and cervical (87.1%) antibodies. circulating igm rather than igg appeared to be the antibody class involved in infected women, while cervical secret ...19911875069
molecular probe for identification of trichomonas vaginalis dna.trichomoniasis is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted diseases in the world. diagnosis can be achieved by several methods, such as direct microscopic observation of vaginal discharge, cell culture, and immunological techniques. a 2.3-kb trichomonas vaginalis dna fragment present in strains from diverse geographic areas was cloned and used as a probe to detect t. vaginalis dna in vaginal discharge by a dot blot hybridization technique. this probe was specific for t. vaginalis dna. it ...19911890171
studies on the lethal effect of ultraviolet light on trichomonas vaginalis.following cultivation in asami medium, centrifugation and resuspension in saline or in water from a medicinal spring, trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites were exposed to well-defined doses of ultraviolet (uv) light (254 nm). we used 24- and 48-h-old trichomonads at concentrations of 1 x 10(5) and 5 x 10(4) trophozoites/ml in a total volume of 20 ml for these studies. the apparatus for uv irradiation was especially constructed for batch experiments. after irradiation at doses ranging from 80 to 16 ...19911891446
hydrogenosomal succinate thiokinase in tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis.succinate thiokinase displays a diversity of nucleotide specificity and molecular size throughout nature. eukaryotes and gram-positive bacteria possess distinct 'small' (dimeric) thiokinase enzymes which are specific for adenine (adp) or guanine (gdp) nucleotides, whereas gram-negative bacteria contain a single 'large' (tetrameric) enzyme which utilizes both nucleotides. succinate thiokinase activities, both adp- and gdp-dependent, were shown to be hydrogenosomal in tritrichomonas foetus and tri ...19911898409
gonorrhea in women prostitutes: clinical data and auxotypes, serovars, plasmid contents of ppng, and susceptibility profiles.eighty-nine women prostitutes who underwent clinical and microbiologic examination were found to have gonococcal infection. the median age was 22; 92.1% were from urban areas. nearly all the women prostitutes refrained from barrier methods (92.1%) and had contact with several partners (91.0%). the most frequent clinical findings were leukorrhea (50.6%), cervicitis (20.2%), and pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) (18.0%). eighty-one women prostitutes (93.1%) had experienced a previous std, with chl ...19911902990
proteinases in trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas mobilensis are not exclusively of cysteine type.high molecular weight proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis (with apparent mr values 142 and greater than 220 kda) and tritrichomonas mobilensis (mr 67, 86, 104 and 120 kda), optimally active at ph8, were analysed in gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels. all of these proteinases were resistant to serine-, aspartic- as well as cysteine proteinase inhibitors. both proteolytic bands in t. vaginalis and two proteinases in t. mobilensis (67 and 104 kda) were inhibited by edta and egta suggesting tha ...19911903875
the prevalence of gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans in the cytology clinic at ibadan, nigeria.in a study of 2224 adult women from the cytology clinic of the university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria, the prevalence of 'specific vaginal infection' (i.e. gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans) was 14.5%. for individual organisms, the rates were 9.76% for g. vaginalis, 2.52% for t. vaginalis and 2.20% for c. albicans. about half of the patients were asymptomatic while others were referred from other clinics with vaginal discharge, cervical erosion, post-coital ...19911905467
clinical and microbiologic features of urethritis in men in toulouse, france.on hundred twenty-six men who attended a hospital microbiology laboratory and 99 men who attended a private laboratory in toulouse, france, for symptoms of urethritis were examined during 1988, for evidence of urethral pathogens. the following incidences were found: neisseria gonorrhoeae: 24 (10.7%); chlamydia trachomatis: 58 (25.8%); ureaplasma urealyticum: 46 (20.4%); gardnerella vaginalis: 21 (9.3%); haemophilus parainfluenzae: 21 (9.3%); streptococcus agalactiae: 15 (6.7%); candida albicans: ...19911907404
in vitro phagocytic interaction between trichomonas vaginalis isolates and bacteria.the phagocytic activity of 12 trichomonas vaginalis isolates against both gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, lactobacillus spp.) and gram-negative bacteria (enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047, 5 strains of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853) was studied. results showed that all the isolates were able to ingest staphylococcus aureus to a variable degree, and almost all of them showed phagocytic activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa. furthermore, experiments ...19911915384
microbiological, epidemiological and clinical correlates of vaginal colonisation by mobiluncus species.the microbiological and epidemiological correlates of vaginal colonisation by mobiluncus species were examined among randomly selected women attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic. women positive for trichomonas vaginalis were excluded. mobiluncus spp. were detected by gram stained vaginal smear in 21% of 633 std clinic patients, including 53% of those with and 4% of those without bacterial vaginosis (bv), as diagnosed by clinical criteria. gardnerella vaginalis and mycoplasma hom ...19911916772
antibody in sera of patients infected with trichomonas vaginalis is to trichomonad proteinases.a recent report demonstrated the immunogenic character of the cysteine proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis. it was of interest, therefore, to examine for the presence of serum anti-proteinase antibody among patients with trichomoniasis.19911916796
[pre- and perinatal infections with sexually transmissible microorganisms].the sexually transmissible pathogenic microorganisms, which are also capable of initiating pre- or perinatal infections, include neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum, chlamydia trachomatis serovars d through k, group b streptococci, urogenital mycoplasmas, herpes simplex viruses types i and ii, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency viruses, human papillomaviruses, candida spp. and trichomonas vaginalis. with special emphasis on paediatric and neonatological aspects, bri ...19911922115
trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomal proteins are synthesized on free polyribosomes and may undergo processing upon maturation. 19911922201
[synthesis and antiparasitic activity of various n-acetylacetates of nitrogen heterocycles].the synthesis and the study of the antiparasitic activity of various heterocyclic n-ethylacetates derived from substituted derivatives of piperazine, benzimidazole and benzotriazole do not show antiparasitic property. a slight activity on entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis is noted with the nitro derivatives of benzimidazole and benzotriazole.19911929120
demographic and behavioral predictors of trichomonas vaginalis infection among pregnant women. the vaginal infections and prematurity study group.there is little available information on the demographic and behavioral factors associated with trichomonas vaginalis in pregnant women. among 13,816 women from six urban clinic centers, the prevalence rate by culture at mid-pregnancy was 12.6%. women colonized with t vaginalis were significantly more likely to be black, cigarette smokers, unmarried, and less educated (all p less than .01). several behavioral factors associated with t vaginalis included greater numbers of sexual partners both li ...19911945213
the effect of giardia lamblia trophozoites on lipolysis in vitro.infection with giardia lamblia often causes only minor mucosal changes to the small intestine yet frank fat malabsorption may still occur. some evidence suggests abnormal pancreatic exocrine function in subjects with giardiasis although the mechanism and significance of this is unclear. studies were conducted in vitro to determine the effect of g. lamblia trophozoites or culture filtrates from the organism on lipolysis of triglyceride by porcine pancreatic lipase. live trophozoites significantly ...19911945523
prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in men at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases.this study determined the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in young men who were at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases; compared different diagnostic tests for trichomonads; and compared sexual behavior of men with positive and negative trichomonas test results. men (85) aged 16-22 years inclusive, were recruited from a job-training program to participate in this study. urethral specimens were obtained after prostatic massage for the isolation of neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trac ...19911948509
medical health care for viennese prostitutes.in vienna, legalized prostitution is tightly controlled by the advisory board of the viennese public health service. registered prostitutes are routinely screened for all important stds, such as syphilis, hiv, gonorrhea, chlamydial- and yeast-infections, and trichomonas vaginalis. furthermore, cytological smears are obtained from the cervix and chest x-rays are performed at least once a year. in all pathological findings, an appropriate therapy is implemented. presenting data of 1989, out of the ...19911948514
adjunctive clindamycin therapy for preterm labor: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of a course of clindamycin (administered for 3 days intravenously and 4 days orally) among hospitalized women with preterm labor at less than or equal to 34 weeks' gestation who were treated with tocolytics. one hundred three woman-perinate pairs were analyzed. univariate analysis demonstrated that pregnancies were continued longer in women treated with clindamycin than in women who ...19911951545
purification and characterization of methionine gamma-lyase from trichomonas vaginalis.methionine gamma-lyase (ec 4.4.1.11) was purified to homogeneity from the anaerobic protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis by a series of f.p.l.c. procedures. the enzyme catalyses alpha gamma- and alpha beta-elimination reactions of a number of derivatives of methionine and cysteine. it also catalyses gamma-replacement reactions of the thiomethyl group of methionine, homocysteine and ethionine to yield the corresponding s-substituted homocysteine derivative. the enzyme is pyridoxal 5'-phosphat ...19911953661
the parasitic flagellates trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus produce indole and dimethyl disulphide: direct characterization by membrane inlet tandem mass spectrometry.the use of a membrane inlet triple quadrupole mass spectrometer revealed indole as an end product in the growth medium of cultures of the cattle parasite tritrichomonas foetus and the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis: formation of indole is enhanced in the presence of added tryptophan. two different clinical isolates of trich. vaginalis also produce dimethyl disulphide. electron impact ionization yielded complex fragmentation mixtures, but the facility for analysis of daughter ions enabled u ...19911955862
chemorepulsion of trichomonads by products of neutrophil oxidative metabolism.to determine whether secreted neutrophil products affect the migration of motile microorganisms such as trichomonas vaginalis, stimulated human neutrophils and cell-free oxygen metabolites were used as stimuli in a multiwell filter chemotaxis assay using tritiated t. vaginalis. when stimulated neutrophils were present on the opposite side of the filter, migration of t. vaginalis into the filter was significantly diminished, and this reduction varied with the dose of neutrophil stimulus. the redu ...19911984465
no detection of characteristic fungal protein elongation factor ef-3 in pneumocystis carinii.the taxonomic status of pneumocystis carinii is uncertain, and p. carinii has been categorized both as a fungus and as a protozoan. recent comparisons of rna sequence homologies between p. carinii and several genera of fungi and protozoa suggest that p. carinii has closer affinities with the ascomycetes than with the protozoa. the translatory systems of the fungi, however, require three soluble protein factors for peptide chain elongation rather than the two necessary in other eukaryotic systems ...19911995744
the epidemiology of group b streptococcal colonization in pregnancy. vaginal infections and prematurity study group.risk factors for cervicovaginal group b streptococcal colonization at 23-26 weeks' gestation were studied in 7742 women participating in the vaginal infections and prematurity study. the prevalence of group b streptococcus was 18.6%, and was greatest in (predominantly caribbean) hispanics from new york city, followed by blacks, whites, and other (predominantly mexican) hispanics. group b streptococcus was more common among older women and women of lower parity, and less common among women living ...19912002986
antepartum cultures for ureaplasma urealyticum are not useful in predicting pregnancy outcome. the vaginal infections and prematurity study group.to test the hypothesis that genital colonization with ureaplasma urealyticum would predict adverse pregnancy outcome, 4934 women from five medical centers were evaluated for vaginal colonization with u. urealyticum between 23 and 26 weeks' gestation and followed up to delivery. u. urealyticum colonization was associated with maternal age, parity, racial-ethnic group, martial status, income, education, smoking, number of sexual partners, and colonization with trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma hom ...19912003532
phospholipid metabolism of cultured trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus.trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus grown in a fetal calf serum-based culture medium were exposed to radiolabeled phospholipids and lipid precursors to determine the extent to which these organisms can incorporate complex lipids and/or de novo synthesize their major membrane phosphoglycerides. phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were the dominant phospholipids (40-50% of extractable phospholipids), with acidic lipids, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidy ...19912011157
sexually transmitted parasitic diseases.sexual activity is the primary method of transmission for several important parasitic diseases and has resulted in a significant prevalence of enteric parasitic infection among male homosexuals. the majority of parasitic sexually transmitted diseases involve protozoan pathogens; however, nematode and arthropod illnesses are also included in this group. trichomoniasis, caused by trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common parasitic std. infection with this organism typically results in the signs an ...19912011632
correlation of zymodeme patterns, virulence & drug sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalis isolates from women.characterization of t. vaginalis strains isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects was done by isoenzyme analysis. the pathogenicity of these isolates was checked in mouse model and in vivo drug susceptibility was determined. the isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals could not be grouped on the basis of isoenzyme analysis alone. all the strains except one, were pathogenic for mice, and metronidazole (50 mg/kg body weight) was effective in protecting the mice from t. va ...19912022400
epidemiology of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) in rural adolescent and juvenile children. 19912027176
an evaluation of an inpouch tv culture method for diagnosing trichomonas vaginalis infection.a new culture method for trichomonas vaginalis, the inpouch tv test, was evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity in supporting growth of trichomonads. five clinical isolates remained viable for periods from 41 to 131 days. a strain from the attc 30001 remained viable for 91 days. as few as four trichomonads/ml of culture medium could be viewed microscopically within 24 h. doubling time for growth of trichomonad varied between 5 to 8 h. in a clinical study of 102 wet-mount negative specimen ...19912032710
dna single strand-breaks in lymphocytes after metronidazole therapy.dna single strand-breaks were examined in lymphocytes of patients treated with metronidazole (cas 443-48-1) for trichomonas vaginalis infection before, on day one, and day seven of treatment. recommended dosage of metronidazole induces dna single strand-breaks. single strand-breaks were repaired after therapy. no irreversible dna damage remains. the dna repair mechanisms are genetically determined. therefore a mutagenic effect of metronidazole must be discussed in patients with dna repair defect ...19912043178
[epidemiology and diagnostics in the vaginal area. i. study of the vaginal flora using microscopy and evaluation of the microbial picture of the vagina].the microscopic characteristic of the vaginal microflora by means of microbial vaginal smears (mvs) according to jírovec, peter and málek corresponds no longer to contemporary ideas on the physiology and pathology of the vaginal environment. the authors revealed on comparison of the results of mvs and the native preparation that in a group of 600 women selected at random the mvs diagnosis allowed to escape 80 cases of trichomoniasis (46.8%), 56 cases of mycotic infections (34.1%) and cases of su ...19912044156
vaginal infection and preterm labour.to study the vaginal flora of women in preterm labour (ptl) and determine whether the presence of specific vaginal microflora is significantly associated with onset of ptl.19912059587
intestinal parasitoses and other infections in a college community.in order to assess the health status of students doing their teaching diploma course at the siriba teachers college, maseno, a study of their blood slides, their stools for ova and cysts and their urine samples for urinary tract infection was carried out. a total of 298 students were investigated: 27 (6%) had intestinal parasites, 96 (32.2%) had urinary tract infection, i.e., pyuria, bacteria and epithelial cells in their urines, most of them being females (55/96 or 57.3%). the peak occurrence o ...19912060482
the interaction of tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis with macrophages.the process of interaction between macrophages and tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis was analysed using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the parasites attach to the macrophage surface and are ingested through a phagocytic process. parasite-macrophage association index was higher for activated than for resident macrophages. previous incubation of the parasites in the presence of concanavalin a rendered their surface less negative and more hydrophobic, ...19912070357
vaginal antibody of patients with trichomoniasis is to a prominent surface immunogen of trichomonas vaginalis.twenty vaginal washes (vws) and ten vaginal mucus (vm) samples from patients with trichomoniasis were examined for the presence of antibody to surface protein immunogens of trichomonas vaginalis. fourteen of 20 vws (70%) and 8 of 10 vm (80%) had immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody (ab) that reacted in an immunoprecipitation (ip) assay with one iodinated trichomonas vaginalis surface protein immunogen with a relative molecular mass of 230,000 daltons (230-kda) (p230). no similar ip of any iodinated p ...19912071124
the phenotypically variable surface protein of trichomonas vaginalis has a single, tandemly repeated immunodominant epitope.trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite that undergoes phenotypic variation for numerous surface proteins. a monoclonal antibody (mab) was used to isolate an approximately 400-bp cdna encoding a fragment of an important phenotypically varying immunogen of t. vaginalis (mr = 270 kda; p270). the mab completely inhibited the binding of p270 by antibody in sera of patients and by antibody in monospecific antiserum obtained toward purified p270, indicating that p270 contain ...19911709920
the use of polyclonal activators in the production of murine monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.we propose a new immunization method to stimulate a strong immune response against weak or diluted antigens. this technique is based on stimulation with polyclonal activators before exposure to the antigens. we also discuss the efficiency of various types of mitogen with particular regard to their capacity to produce monoclonal antibodies and serum antibodies. a specific immune response against soluble antigens is increased by pretreating mice with ppd. this preactivation permitted us to obtain ...19911646267
resolution of resistant vaginal trichomoniasis associated with the use of intravaginal nonoxynol-9.an otherwise healthy, sexually inactive woman was determined by in vitro susceptibility testing to have vaginal infection by a strain of trichomonas vaginalis with high-grade metronidazole resistance. prolonged high-dose oral and intravaginal metronidazole therapy did not resolve the infection, but caused temporary peripheral neuropathy. tinidazole was ineffective as well. serendipitous use of topical intravaginal nonoxynol-9 for contraception appeared to resolve the infection. we reviewed reinf ...19911656351
guanosine kinase from trichomonas vaginalis.a novel guanosine kinase was partially purified from the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. unlike nucleoside kinases from other sources, the preferred substrate for this enzyme was guanosine (vmax/km = 120). the enzyme also catalyzed the phosphorylation of inosine (vmax/km = 3), uridine (2), adenosine (0.5), cytidine (0.2), and 2'-deoxyguanosine (0.1). the 2'-deoxyribonucleosides of adenine, hypoxanthine, uracil, cytosine and thymine were not phosphorylated. the km for atp was 6.6 micro ...19911664051
[detection of trichomonas vaginalis in men].an infection with t. vaginalis in male patients is difficult to diagnose in case of latent or asymptomatic trichomoniasis. this infection is caused by the round forms of t. vaginalis, which are significantly more frequent in male patients, than trophozoites. trichomonas vaginalis round forms called pseudocyst due to their specific biological properties are difficult to observe with actually used techniques. it was shown, that round forms of t. vaginalis may be detected by giemsa modified techniq ...19911669192
the effect of ionizing radiation on the viability of trichomonas vaginalis.1. the effects of continuous gamma radiation on the viability of trichomonas vaginalis (atcc 30001) were assessed by a colony count technique. 2. a triphasic survival curve showed an initial shoulder (dq) of 3 gy followed by three linear curves with d0 values of 34, 300, and 90 gy. 3. sterilization of 10(6) cells/ml occurred from 1600 to 1800 gy of radiation. 4. population growth, subsequent to radiation exposure of 17-100 gy, showed an increased lag time followed by a faster rate of growth, com ...19911673893
application of atp measurement to evaluation of the growth of parasitic protozoa in vitro with a special reference to pneumocystis carinii.1. there was a significant correlation between the increase in the number of entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis, giardia lamblia and leishmania donovani in culture, and their atp contents determined by luciferase reaction. 2. the similar correlation was also demonstrated between the decreased number of e. histolytica in the presence of an anti-amebic quassinoid and the nucleotide content in vitro. 3. in the case of pneumocystis carinii, the numbers of the organism remained relatively c ...19911685366
the effect of trichomonas vaginalis and the role of ph on cell culture monolayer viability.in vitro, trichomonas vaginalis produces contact-dependent cytotoxicity in which the monolayers are disrupted and monolayer cells die. in contrast, when cell-free filtrates of t. vaginalis culture supernatants are applied to a monolayer, detachment occurs but cell viability is maintained. growth of t. vaginalis in culture results in a dramatic fall in ph. both in systems where t. vaginalis grew in physical contact with mccoy cells and where they were physically separate, monolayers still disrupt ...19901693888
molecular analysis of the hydrogenosomal ferredoxin of the anaerobic protist trichomonas vaginalis.we have determined the primary structure of the [2fe-2s]ferredoxin of the anaerobic protist trichomonas vaginalis. this protein, situated in the hydrogenosome, is composed of 93 amino acids. a comparison of t. vaginalis ferredoxin with greater than 80 other ferredoxins shows the closest similarity to [2fe-2s]putidaredoxin of the aerobic bacterium pseudomonas putida and a lesser one to mitochondrial [2fe-2s]ferredoxins of vertebrates. this similarity is reflected in the overall primary structure ...19901696716
effect of fixation on activity and cytochemistry of hydrogenosomal enzymes in trichomonas vaginalis.the effect of fixation on the activity of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) and pyruvate synthase was investigated in trichomonas vaginalis. subsequently a cytochemical staining method was developed for the demonstration of malate dehydrogenase activity in hydrogenosomes. after fixation of cells in low concentrations of glutaraldehyde and incubation in the presence of malate and the tetrazolium compound 2-(2'-benzothiazolyl)-5-styryl-3-(4'-phthalhydrazidyl)tetrazolium chloride, an electron- ...19901706759
glutathione transferase activity in some flagellates and amoebae, and purification of the soluble glutathione transferases from acanthamoeba.glutathione transferase (gst) enzymes are toxicologically important from many points of view. nine protozoans were investigated here for their gst content. six aerobic amoebae had very different specific gst activities, but an anaerobic amoeba and two anaerobic flagellates did not have any gst activity, suggesting that the peroxidase activity of gst is an evolutionarily important property for aerobic organisms. the soluble gst isoenzymes of acanthamoeba culbertsoni and a. polyphaga were purified ...19902078188
[antiprotozoal effects of benzodiazepine derivatives].it is known that some derivatives of the benzodiazepine group act not only as antipsychotic drugs but also have inhibitory effects on the growth of protozoa. the influence of imipramine and its derivatives clomipramine and desipramine on the multiplication of crithidia luciliae, leishmania mexicana amazonensis, trypanosoma cruzi and trichomonas vaginalis was investigated using in vitro cultivation of the parasites and compared with the effects of chlorpromazine and metronidazole. all trypanosoma ...19902085212
sexually transmitted diseases and rape: the experience of a sexual assault centre.epidemiological data and rates of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are presented from a group of 90 women screened following rape. forty-eight (53%) women knew their assailant. in 6 cases multiple assailants were involved. in 21 (23%) rapes weapons were used. of 47 women examined within 48 hours of rape, 17 (36%) had evidence of genital trauma. anal injury was common (8 of 11, 73%) in those reporting anal intercourse. anal assault (17 of 90, 19%) and oral assault (16 of 90, 18%) commonly acc ...19902094402
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