Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| microbiome manipulation with faecal microbiome transplantation as a therapeutic strategy in clostridium difficile infection. | faecal microbiome transplantation (fmt) has generated huge recent interest as it presents a potential solution to a significant clinical problem--the increasing incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). in the short term, however, there remain many practical questions regarding its use, including the optimal selection of donors, material preparation and the mechanics of delivery. in the longer term, enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of action of fmt may potentiate novel therapie ... | 2015 | 25193538 |
| smt19969 as a treatment for clostridium difficile infection: an assessment of antimicrobial activity using conventional susceptibility testing and an in vitro gut model. | we investigated the efficacy of the novel antimicrobial agent smt19969 in treating simulated clostridium difficile infection using an in vitro human gut model. | 2015 | 25190720 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation via nasogastric tube for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a safe and effective therapy for adults with recurrent clostridium difficile colitis, but data regarding fmt in children are limited and focus on colonoscopic administration of fmt. we present 10 consecutive children who received fmt via nasogastric tube for treatment of recurrent c difficile infection. median age was 5.4 years, and 30% were receiving simultaneous immunosuppression. median follow-up was 44 days, and 90% of patients resolved their c diffi ... | 2015 | 25162365 |
| tigecycline suppresses toxin a and b production and sporulation in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is mediated by potent extracellular toxins and is spread largely via bacterial spores. we and others have shown that some antibiotics stimulate c. difficile toxin production in a strain-specific manner; however, the effects of newer anti-c. difficile antibiotics on this process remain to be investigated. | 2015 | 25151204 |
| the first case of severe clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infection in taiwan. | 2015 | 25150914 | |
| an agent-based simulation model for clostridium difficile infection control. | control of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an increasingly difficult problem for health care institutions. there are commonly recommended strategies to combat cdi transmission, such as oral vancomycin for cdi treatment, increased hand hygiene with soap and water for health care workers, daily environmental disinfection of infected patient rooms, and contact isolation of diseased patients. however, the efficacy of these strategies, particularly for endemic cdi, has not been well studied. ... | 2015 | 25112595 |
| identifying all at-risk patients for clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 25110874 | |
| iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in kenyan infants. | in-home iron fortification for infants in developing countries is recommended for control of anaemia, but low absorption typically results in >80% of the iron passing into the colon. iron is essential for growth and virulence of many pathogenic enterobacteria. we determined the effect of high and low dose in-home iron fortification on the infant gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation. | 2015 | 25143342 |
| phage tail-like particles kill clostridium difficile and represent an alternative to conventional antibiotics. | current clostridium difficile infection (cdi) antibiotic regimens have become increasingly ineffective at achieving cure and preventing recurrence. a recently developed alternative to conventional antibiotics are phage tail-like particles (ptlps), which are proteins that are morphologically similar to bacteriophages and are produced by c difficile. this study examines the in vitro killing spectrum of a previously unreported ptlp isolated from a clinical isolate of c difficile. | 2015 | 25061002 |
| first polish outbreak of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infections among dialysis patients. | this report describes an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in a nephrology ward in 2012, caused by the fluoroquinolone- and clindamycin-resistant polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ribotype 027 strains. an increase in the number of cases of diarrhoea was noted among patients hospitalised between 26 november 2012 and 17 december 2012 in a hospital in north poland. eight patients were on haemodialysis in the outpatient dialysis facility, while one patient was receiving peritoneal dial ... | 2015 | 25060801 |
| cyclophilin-facilitated membrane translocation as pharmacological target to prevent intoxication of mammalian cells by binary clostridial actin adp-ribosylated toxins. | clostridium botulinum c2 toxin, clostridium perfringens iota toxin and clostridium difficile cdt belong to the family of binary actin adp-ribosylating toxins and are composed of a binding/translocation component and a separate enzyme component. the enzyme components adp-ribosylate g-actin in the cytosol of target cells resulting in depolymerization of f-actin, cell rounding and cell death. the binding/translocation components bind to their cell receptors and form complexes with the respective en ... | 2015 | 25058685 |
| ambulatory-treated clostridium difficile infection: a comparison of community-acquired vs. nosocomial infection. | the purpose of this study was to identify the clinical outcomes of ambulatory-treated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and risk factors associated with community-associated cdi (ca-cdi). adult patients diagnosed with cdi in the institutional or ambulatory-care setting between 1 april 2005 and 30 april 2011, with no other cdi diagnosis in the previous 180 days, and who purchased an ambulatory, anti-cdi agent within 7 days of cdi diagnosis were included. a total of 1201 patients were included ... | 2015 | 25058469 |
| investigation of the mics of fidaxomicin and other antibiotics against hungarian clostridium difficile isolates. | the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro activities of fidaxomicin and other antibiotics against 188 clostridium difficile strains collected from different centers of hungary. c. difficile isolates showed minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range for fidaxomicin of ≤0.008-0.5 mg/l, with a mic90 of 0.125 mg/l. only four isolates (2.1%) had 0.5 mg/l mic to fidaxomicin. the obtained mics showed identical distribution to those found in the eucast database for wild-type strains. | 2015 | 25139122 |
| calorie intake of enteral nutrition and clinical outcomes in acutely critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | the appropriate calorie intake to be provided to critically ill patients via enteral nutrition (en) remains unclear. we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effect of initial underfeeding and full feeding in acutely critically ill patients. | 2015 | 25078609 |
| incidence of diarrhea by clostridium difficile in hematologic patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: risk factors for severe forms and death. | we describe the rate of incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in hematologic and patients undergone stem cell transplant (hsct) at hc-fmusp, from january 2007 to june 2011, using two denominators 1,000 patient and 1,000 days of neutropenia and the risk factors associated with the severe form of the disease and death. the elisa method (ridascreen-biopharm, germany) for the detections of toxins a/b was used to identify c. difficile. a multivariate analysis was performed to ... | 2015 | 25076434 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 25036411 | |
| intestinal microbiota transplantation, a simple and effective treatment for severe and refractory clostridium difficile infection. | restoring normal fecal flora through intestinal microbiota transplantation (imt) was successful in curing recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, only a few cases have been reported of imt being utilized for the treatment of severe or fulminant cdi. | 2015 | 25052150 |
| an in vitro culture model to study the dynamics of colonic microbiota in syrian golden hamsters and their susceptibility to infection with clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are caused by colonization and growth of toxigenic strains of c. difficile in individuals whose intestinal microbiota has been perturbed, in most cases following antimicrobial therapy. determination of the protective commensal gut community members could inform the development of treatments for cdi. here, we utilized the lethal enterocolitis model in syrian golden hamsters to analyze the microbiota disruption and recovery along a 20-day period following a s ... | 2015 | 25036923 |
| bacterial xylrs and synthetic promoters function as genetically encoded xylose biosensors in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable and abundant starting material for biofuel production. however, lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain not only glucose, but also other sugars including xylose which cannot be metabolized by the industrial workhorse saccharomyces cerevisiae. hence, engineering of xylose assimilating s. cerevisiae has been much studied, including strain optimization strategies. in this work, we constructed genetically encoded xylose biosensors that can control protein expres ... | 2015 | 24975936 |
| longitudinal trends and cross-sectional analysis of english national hospital antibacterial use over 5 years (2008-13): working towards hospital prescribing quality measures. | there is global concern that antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to healthcare. antimicrobial use is a primary driver of resistance but little information exists about the variation in antimicrobial use in individual hospitals in england over time or comparative use between hospitals. the objective of this study was to collate, analyse and report issue data from pharmacy records of 158 national health service (nhs) acute hospitals. | 2015 | 25304646 |
| detecting and preventing reversion to toxicity for a formaldehyde-treated c. difficile toxin b mutant. | the toxicity of clostridium difficile large clostridial toxin b (tcdb) can be reduced by many orders of magnitude by a combination of targeted point mutations. however, a tcdb mutant with five point mutations (referred to herein as mtcdb) still has residual toxicity that can be detected in cell-based assays and in-vivo mouse toxicity assays. this residual toxicity can be effectively removed by treatment with formaldehyde in solution. storage of the formaldehyde-treated mtcdb as a liquid can resu ... | 2015 | 24951860 |
| deciphering meta-analytic results: a mini-review of probiotics for the prevention of paediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and clostridium difficile infections. | meta-analyses are used to evaluate pooled effects of a wide variety of investigational agents, but the interpretation of the results into clinical practices may be difficult. this mini-review offers a three-step process to enable healthcare providers to decipher pooled meta-analysis estimates into results that are useful for therapeutic decisions. as an example of how meta-analyses should be interpreted, a recent meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of paediatric antibiotic-associated ... | 2015 | 24889895 |
| recent evolution of antibiotic resistance in the anaerobes as compared to previous decades. | evolution of antibiotic resistance in the anaerobes was reviewed using recent data covering 2000-2013 as compared to previous years. all studies reported growing moxifloxacin resistance in bacteroides/parabacteroides spp. in europe and usa and in clostridium difficile in europe. in half or more studies, the resistance rates in bacteroides/parabacteroides spp. to amoxicillin-clavulanate or ampicillin-sulbactam and clindamycin rose. in some studies, an increase in resistance was found in bacteroid ... | 2015 | 24875330 |
| clinical impact of clostridium difficile colonization. | clostridium difficile can cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. asymptomatic colonization by c. difficile is common during the neonatal period and early infancy, ranging from 21% to 48%, and in childhood. the colonization rate of c. difficile in adult hospitalized patients shows geographic variation, ranging from 4.4% to 23.2%. asymptomatic carriage in neonates caused no further disease in many studies, whereas adult patients colonized with toxigenic c. difficile were pro ... | 2015 | 24890755 |
| transplant related outcomes in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant with clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. | 2015 | 24766526 | |
| a different kind of "allogeneic transplant": successful fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent and refractory clostridium difficile infection in a patient with relapsed aggressive b-cell lymphoma. | 2015 | 24828871 | |
| mathematical modelling reveals properties of tcdc required for it to be a negative regulator of toxin production in clostridium difficile. | the role of the protein tcdc in pathogenicity of the bacterium clostridium difficile is currently unclear: conflicting reports suggest it is either a negative regulator of toxin production or, on the other hand, has no effect on virulence at all. we exploit a theoretical approach by taking what is known about the network of proteins surrounding toxin production by c. difficile and translating this into a mathematical model. from there it is possible to investigate a range of possible interaction ... | 2015 | 24687436 |
| clostridium difficile binary toxin cdt: mechanism, epidemiology, and potential clinical importance. | binary toxin (cdt) is frequently observed in clostridium difficile strains associated with increased severity of c. difficile infection (cdi). cdt belongs to the family of binary adp-ribosylating toxins consisting of two separate toxin components: cdta, the enzymatic adp-ribosyltransferase which modifies actin, and cdtb which binds to host cells and translocates cdta into the cytosol. cdtb is activated by serine proteases and binds to lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor. adp-ribosylation i ... | 2015 | 24253566 |
| validation of a clinical prediction scale for hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection. | the aim of this study was to validate a clinical prediction scale for hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2015 | 24172178 |
| the relationship of bedside nurses' emotional intelligence with quality of care. | emotional intelligence, a predictor of productivity and success, may impact behaviors responsible for quality of care. this study examined if emotional intelligence of units' bedside nurses is related to the quality of care delivered to the patients. in this study, emotional intelligence was found to be correlated to the number of clostridium difficile infections, mrsa infections, patient falls with injury, and pressure ulcer screenings (p < .001) in the inpatient acute care setting. | 2015 | 24356579 |
| the prevention and management of infections due to multidrug resistant organisms in haematology patients. | infections due to resistant and multidrug resistant (mdr) organisms in haematology patients and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are an increasingly complex problem of global concern. we outline the burden of illness and epidemiology of resistant organisms such as gram-negative pathogens, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre), and clostridium difficile in haematology cohorts. intervention strategies aimed at reducing the impact of these organisms are reviewed: infection p ... | 2015 | 24341410 |
| vaccination against clostridium difficile using toxin fragments: observations and analysis in animal models. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. recently, we have shown that effective protection can be mediated in hamsters through the inclusion of specific recombinant fragments from toxin a and b in a systemically delivered vaccine. interestingly while neutralizing antibodies to the binding domains of both toxin a and b are moderately protective, enhanced survival is observed when fragments from the glucosyltransferase region of toxin b replace those from the bindi ... | 2015 | 24637800 |
| [clostridium difficile infections in spanish internal medicine departments during the period 2005-2010: the burden of the disease]. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasing in spain. a review is presented of this infection in order to evaluate the burden of the disease in this country. | 2015 | 24679445 |
| peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis triggered by clostridium difficile-associated colitis. | 2015 | 24525609 | |
| antimicrobial stewardship program implementation in a medical intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in saudi arabia. | antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) have shown to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance associated with an inappropriate antimicrobial use. the primary objective of this study was to compare the prescribing appropriateness rate of the empirical antibiotic therapy before and after the asp implementation in a tertiary care hospital. secondary objectives include the rate of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), physicians' acceptance rate, patient's intensive care unit ... | 2015 | 24413857 |
| vitamin d status and severity of clostridium difficile infections: a prospective cohort study in hospitalized adults. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, affecting up to 10% of hospitalized patients. preliminary studies suggest an association between vitamin d status and c difficile infections (cdis). our goal was to investigate whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25(oh)d) levels are associated with cdi severity. | 2015 | 24408036 |
| comparison of oral vancomycin capsule and solution for treatment of initial episode of severe clostridium difficile infection. | vancomycin is recommended as a first-line therapy for severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi). due to the high cost of commercially available vancomycin capsules, hospitals frequently compound oral solution despite a lack of data comparing outcomes. this study was conducted to determine treatment outcome differences based on oral vancomycin formulation. | 2015 | 24375999 |
| a study in transfer learning: leveraging data from multiple hospitals to enhance hospital-specific predictions. | data-driven risk stratification models built using data from a single hospital often have a paucity of training data. however, leveraging data from other hospitals can be challenging owing to institutional differences with patients and with data coding and capture. | 2015 | 24481703 |
| association between prehospital vitamin d status and hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infections. | to investigate whether preadmission 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25(oh)d) levels are associated with the risk of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (hacdi). | 2015 | 24492311 |
| new drugs and strategies for management of clostridium difficile colitis. | approaches for management of clostridium difficile infection continually evolve as research reveals shifts in epidemiology, microbial pathogenesis, disease severity states, and response to therapy. these new discoveries significantly impact diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, given the high morbidity associated with this common nosocomial infectious diarrhea. critically ill patients are at an increased risk of developing diarrheal illness like c. difficile and succumbing to potentially fatal ... | 2015 | 23753229 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis evaluating fidaxomicin versus oral vancomycin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection in the united states. | fidaxomicin is a novel treatment for clostridium difficile infections (cdis). this new treatment, however, is associated with a higher acquisition cost compared with alternatives. the objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of fidaxomicin or oral vancomycin for the treatment of cdis. | 2015 | 23538181 |
| [multiresistant organisms]. | infections caused by multidrug resistant (mdr) organisms are becoming more frequently in daily practice and are associated with an increase in duration of treatment and mortality. during the past decades, particular attention in the field of mdr pathogens was paid to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). for the last years, mdr gram-negative organisms, with e.g., "extended-spectrum beta-lactamases" (esbl), have been gaining a growing significance. currently, treatment of infections ... | 2015 | 23824619 |
| [anaerobic bacteria 150 years after their discovery by pasteur]. | in 2011 we celebrated the 150th anniversary of the discovery of anaerobic bacteria by louis pasteur. the interest of the biomedical community on such bacteria is still maintained, and is particularly focused on clostridium difficile. in the past few years important advances in taxonomy have been made due to the genetic, technological and computing developments. thus, a significant number of new species related to human infections have been characterised, and some already known have been reclassi ... | 2015 | 23648369 |
| [dificid: fewer recurrences of clostridium difficile]. | 2015 | 23379054 | |
| risk factors for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea among hospitalized adults with fecal toxigenic c. difficile colonization. | patients with toxigenic clostridium difficile colonization (tcdc) are at risk of developing c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). however, the risk factors of hospitalized patients with tcdc developing cdad are not clear. | 2015 | 24064285 |
| biofilm formation by clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major healthcare-associated disease worldwide. recurring infections and increasing antibiotic resistance have complicated treatment of cdi. while c. difficile spores are important for transmission and persistence of cdi, other factors such as gut colonization and formation of bacterial communities in the gut may also contribute to pathogenesis and persistence, but have not been well investigated. recently, we reported that important clinical c. difficil ... | 2015 | 23892245 |
| horizontal gene transfer in human pathogens. | horizontal gene transfer has a tremendous impact on the genome plasticity, adaptation and evolution of bacteria. horizontally transferred mobile genetic elements are involved in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, thus contributing to the emergence of novel "superbugs". this review provides update on various mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer and examines how horizontal gene transfer contributes to the evolution of pathogenic bacteria. special focus is paid to the ... | 2015 | 23862575 |
| molecular typing and epidemiology of clostridium difficile in respiratory care wards of central taiwan. | in industrialized countries, clostridium difficile is the major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. this study involved a broad overview of baseline epidemiology for c. difficile in taiwan. | 2015 | 23726464 |
| the utility of repeat enzyme immunoassay testing for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review of the literature. | over the last 20 years, the prevalence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile (c. diff) disease has increased. while multiple tests are available for the diagnosis of c. diff infection, enzyme immunoassay (eia) testing for toxin is the most used. repeat eia testing, although of limited utility, is common in medical practice. to assess the utility of repeat eia testing to diagnose c. diff infections. systematic literature review. eligible studies performed >1 eia test for c. diff toxin an ... | 2015 | 23023352 |
| surgical management of severe colitis in the intensive care unit. | severe colitis, an umbrella encompassing several entities, is one of the most common acute gastrointestinal disorders resulting in critical illness. clostridium difficile infection is responsible for the majority of nosocomial diarrhea with fulminant c difficile colitis (cdc) carrying a high mortality. optimal outcomes can be achieved by early identification and treatment of fulminant cdc, with appropriate surgical intervention when indicated. ischemic colitis, on the other hand, is uncommon wit ... | 2015 | 24859995 |
| development of clostridium difficile colitis in peritoneal dialysis patients treated for peritonitis. | 2015 | 23212865 | |
| patient and environmental service employee satisfaction of using germicidal bleach wipes for patient room cleaning. | more healthcare institutions are using bleach products which are sporicidal to reduce clostridium difficile infection (cdi). there may be patient and employee concerns about the appearance of bleach residue left on surfaces, odors, and respiratory tract irritation. the intervention used bleach wipes for daily and terminal patient room cleaning to reduce transmission of cdi and was implemented on patient care units with a relatively high incidence of cdi. both patients and environmental services ... | 2015 | 22530592 |
| clinical predictors of fulminant colitis in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can affect up to 8% of hospitalized patients. twenty-five percent cdi patients may develop c. difficile associated diarrhea (cdad) and 1-3% may progress to fulminant c. difficile colitis (fcdc). once developed, fcdc has higher rates of complications and mortality. | 2015 | 22421720 |
| gender differences in non-toxigenic clostridium difficile colonization and risk of subsequent c. difficile infection. | previous studies suggest that colonization with non-toxigenic clostridium difficile may protect against toxigenic c. difficile infection (cdi), yet most of the studies were conducted in men. therefore, we conducted a study to examine this hypothesis in both genders. | 2015 | 28713874 |
| detection of a new cfr-like gene, cfr(b), in enterococcus faecium isolates recovered from human specimens in the united states as part of the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. | two linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates (mics, 8 μg/ml) from unique patients of a medical center in new orleans were included in this study. isolates were initially investigated for the presence of mutations in the v domain of 23s rrna genes and l3, l4, and l22 ribosomal proteins, as well as cfr. isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (just one band difference), and one representative strain was submitted to whole-genome sequencing. gene location was also deter ... | 2015 | 26248384 |
| capability of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacillus paraplantarum bgcg11 and its non-producing isogenic strain nb1, to counteract the effect of enteropathogens upon the epithelial cell line ht29-mtx. | the putative protective role of the exopolysaccharide (eps)-producing lactobacillus paraplantarum bgcg11, and its non-eps-producing isogenic strain nb1, was tested upon ht29-mtx monolayers challenged with seven opportunistic pathogens. the probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus lmg18243 (gg) was used as a reference bacterium. tested lactobacilli were able to efficiently reduce the attachment to ht29-mtx of most pathogens. lb. paraplantarum nb1 and lb. rhamnosus gg were more efficient reducing ... | 2015 | 28411984 |
| comparative structural and functional analysis of staphylococcus aureus glucokinase with other bacterial glucokinases. | glucokinase is classified in bacteria based upon having atp binding site and 'repressor/open reading frames of unknown function/sugar kinases' motif, the sequence of glucokinase gene (jn645812) of staphylococcus aureus atcc12600 showed presence of atp binding site and 'repressor/open reading frames of unknown function/sugar kinases' motif. we have earlier observed glucokinase of s. aureus has higher affinity towards the substrate compared to other bacterial glucokinase and under anaerobic condit ... | 2014 | 25425757 |
| prevention of hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection in the new york metropolitan region using a collaborative intervention model. | the incidence, severity, and associated costs of clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) have dramatically increased in hospitals over the past decade, indicating an urgent need for strategies to prevent transmission of c. difficile. this article describes a multifaceted collaborative approach to reduce hospital-onset cdi rates in 35 acute care hospitals in the new york metropolitan region. hospitals participated in a comprehensive cdi reduction intervention and formed interdiscipli ... | 2014 | 23294050 |
| cost-effectiveness of a modified two-step algorithm using a combined glutamate dehydrogenase/toxin enzyme immunoassay and real-time pcr for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | the analytical performance and cost-effectiveness of the wampole toxin a/b eia, the c. diff. quik chek complete (cdqcc) (a combined glutamate dehydrogenase antigen/toxin enzyme immunoassay), two rt-pcr assays (progastro cd and bd geneohm) and a modified two-step algorithm using the cdqcc reflexed to rt-pcr for indeterminate results were compared. the sensitivity of the wampole toxin a/b eia, cdqcc (gdh antigen), bd geneohm and progastro cd rt-pcr were 85.4%, 95.8%, 100% and 93.8%, respectively. ... | 2014 | 22921803 |
| treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) recurs in nearly one-third of patients who develop an initial infection. recurrent cdi (rcdi) is associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and cost. treatment for rcdi has not been not well examined. | 2014 | 23839210 |
| importance of toxin a, toxin b, and cdt in virulence of an epidemic clostridium difficile strain. | clostridium difficile infection is the main cause of healthcare-acquired diarrhea in the developed world. in addition to the main virulence factors toxin a and b, epidemic, pcr ribotype 027 strains, such as r20291, produce a third toxin, cdt. to develop effective medical countermeasures, it is important to understand the importance of each toxin. accordingly, we created all possible combinations of isogenic toxin mutants of r20291 and assessed their virulence. we demonstrated that either toxin a ... | 2014 | 23935202 |
| in vitro selection, via serial passage, of clostridium difficile mutants with reduced susceptibility to fidaxomicin or vancomycin. | current treatments for clostridium difficile infection include vancomycin, metronidazole and fidaxomicin. lff571 is an experimental agent undergoing evaluation in humans for the treatment of moderate c. difficile infection. reduced susceptibility of c. difficile to fidaxomicin or lff571 in vitro can be mediated by single point mutations in genes encoding the targets, whereas the mechanism(s) mediating reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in vitro remains elusive. to further characterize mechanis ... | 2014 | 23887866 |
| molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile strains from nosocomial-acquired infections. | the purpose of this study is to analyze isolates of clostridium difficile from patients with nosocomial acquired infection in respect to their molecular type and antimicrobial susceptibility. fifty-nine randomly selected clinical isolates were characterized. molecular typing was performed by rep-pcr (diversilab). isolates were tested by disk diffusion towards 11 different antibiotics. all isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. fifty five (93 %) isolates were resistant to eryt ... | 2014 | 24081935 |
| emerging clinical role of pivmecillinam in the treatment of urinary tract infection in the context of multidrug-resistant bacteria. | the continuing spread of resistant gram-negative bacteria is a therapeutic challenge and prudent use of antimicrobials is therefore essential. urinary tract infections (utis), usually due to gram-negative bacteria, are among the most common infections seen in the community. moreover, bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) that are resistant not only to cephalosporins and penicillins, but also to fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim, are becoming more prevalent in the com ... | 2014 | 24068280 |
| opportunistic infections due to inflammatory bowel disease therapy. | the use of biological agents and immunomodulators for inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) has remarkably improved disease management in the current era but at the same time has increased the risk of infectious complications. patients with ibd on corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biological agents are considered immunocompromised and are at risk for opportunistic infections. these are infections caused by organisms that take advantage of a weakened immune system, and cause disease, when they or ... | 2014 | 24051931 |
| structures of a bifunctional cell wall hydrolase cwlt containing a novel bacterial lysozyme and an nlpc/p60 dl-endopeptidase. | tn916-like conjugative transposons carrying antibiotic resistance genes are found in a diverse range of bacteria. orf14 within the conjugation module encodes a bifunctional cell wall hydrolase cwlt that consists of an n-terminal bacterial lysozyme domain (n-acetylmuramidase, blysg) and a c-terminal nlpc/p60 domain (γ-d-glutamyl-l-diamino acid endopeptidase) and is expected to play an important role in the spread of the transposons. we determined the crystal structures of cwlt from two pathogens, ... | 2014 | 24051416 |
| enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens infection and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | clostridium difficile is the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is the most well known bacterial pathogen associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens has also been detected in up to 15% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, and it has not been found in healthy people. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of c. perfringens infection in pediatric patients with ibd. | 2014 | 24060617 |
| a lactobacillus casei shirota probiotic drink reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injuries: a randomised controlled trial. | certain probiotics may prevent the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad), but their effectiveness depends on both strain and dose. there are few data on nutritional interventions to control aad/cdad in the spinal cord injury (sci) population. the present study aimed to assess (1) the efficacy of consuming a commercially produced probiotic containing at least 6·5 × 10⁹ live lactobacillus casei shirota (lcs) in reducing the incid ... | 2014 | 24044687 |
| added value of multiplex luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag® gpp) testing in the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. | the luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag(®) gpp) detects in one assay the most common gastroenteritis-causing pathogens and toxins, namely adenovirus 40/41, norovirus genogroup (ng) i/ii, rotavirus a, clostridium difficile toxin a/b, campylobacter sp., escherichia coli o157, enterotoxigenic e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin/heat-stable enterotoxin, salmonella sp., shiga-toxin producing e. coli, shiga-like toxin (stx)1/2, shigella sp., vibrio cholerae, yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporid ... | 2014 | 24131399 |
| guidance on preparing an investigational new drug application for fecal microbiota transplantation studies. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for clostridium difficile infections that are refractory to antibiotic therapy. because of the important roles of the microbiota in the function of the gastrointestinal tract and other aspects of human physiology, there is a growing interest in studying fmt for other clinical indications. the us food and drug administration regulates clinical studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fmt. studies of fmt for recurrent clostridi ... | 2014 | 24107393 |
| clinical differences in clostridium difficile infection based on age: a multicenter study. | advancing age is a well-known risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, age-specific clinical differences in cdi are uncertain. a retrospective comparative analysis was performed based on age in 1367 patients with cdi in korea. most clinical features were similar in the two age groups studied, however malignancy was more common in the older group (age ≥ 65 y) (p < 0.001), while chemotherapy and transplantation were more common in the younger group (age < 65 y) (p < 0.001). ... | 2014 | 24106984 |
| cadazolid, a novel antibiotic with potent activity against clostridium difficile: safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects following single and multiple oral doses. | current treatment options for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) leave a high unmet medical need for new therapies. cadazolid is a new antibiotic in development for the treatment of cdad. the objectives of this study were to evaluate its tolerability and pharmacokinetics following single ascending doses (ac-061-101) and multiple ascending doses (ac-061-102). | 2014 | 24106141 |
| sensitivity to antibiotics of clostridium difficile toxigenic nosocomial strains. | clostridium difficile is the etiological agent of diarrhoea and colitis, especially in elderly patients. the incidence of these diseases has increased during the last 10 years. emergence of so-called hypervirulent strains is considered as one of the main factors responsible for the more severe disease and changed profile of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. the aim of this work was to determine the sensitivity profile of toxigenic strains of c. difficile in the czech republic in 2011-2012 to ... | 2014 | 24114414 |
| metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from glucose. | the escherichia coli xl1-blue strain was metabolically engineered to synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [p(3hb-co-3hv)] through 2-ketobutyrate, which is generated via citramalate pathway, as a precursor for propionyl-coa. two different metabolic pathways were examined for the synthesis of propionyl-coa from 2-ketobutyrate. the first pathway is composed of the dickeya dadantii 3937 2-ketobutyrate oxidase or the e. coli pyruvate oxidase mutant (poxb l253f v380a) for the conver ... | 2014 | 24113828 |
| how do university education and clinical experience influence pre-registration nursing students' infection control practice? a descriptive, cross sectional survey. | this study aims to explore nursing students' knowledge of infection control and investigate how university education and clinical experience influence their infection control practice. | 2014 | 24090618 |
| first case of autochthonous clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 027 detected in spain. | clostridium difficile ribotype 027 (cd027) has caused outbreaks in the united states, canada, and europe since 2001. in spain, the importance of cd027 is still unknown. in 2007, we began active surveillance of cd027 to determine its incidence in our hospital. | 2014 | 24074903 |
| risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in the community: a case-control study in patients in general practice, denmark, 2009-2011. | to identify risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in danish patients consulting general practice with gastrointestinal symptoms, a prospective matched case-control study was performed; cases (n = 259) had positive cultures for toxigenic c. difficile and controls (n = 455) negative cultures. data were analysed by conditional logistic regression. in patients aged ⩾2 years (138 cases), hospitalization [odds ratio (or) 8·4, 95% confidence interval (ci) 3·1-23], consumption of beef ( ... | 2014 | 24073613 |
| use of data envelopment analysis to quantify opportunities for antibacterial targets for reduction of health care-associated clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an important health care-associated infection that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. antibacterial medications used in hospitals serve as targets for antibacterial stewardship programs to reduce c difficile. the objective was to create a benchmark strategy targeting high-risk antibacterials for c difficile. this was a retrospective cross-sectional study using claims data from 58 hospitals. the data envelopment analysis technique was used to iden ... | 2014 | 24031081 |
| short versus long course of antibiotics for catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. | to assess the applicability of a short-course regimen of antibiotics for managing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (ca-uti) in patients with spinal cord injury (sci). | 2014 | 24035770 |
| european society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases: update of the treatment guidance document for clostridium difficile infection. | in 2009 the first european society of clinical microbiology and infection (escmid) treatment guidance document for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) was published. the guideline has been applied widely in clinical practice. in this document an update and review on the comparative effectiveness of the currently available treatment modalities of cdi is given, thereby providing evidence-based recommendations on this issue. a computerized literature search was carried out to investigate randomiz ... | 2014 | 24118601 |
| successful treatment of simulated clostridium difficile infection in a human gut model by fidaxomicin first line and after vancomycin or metronidazole failure. | fidaxomicin reduces the risk of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) compared with vancomycin. we investigated fidaxomicin primary or secondary treatment efficacy using a gut model. | 2014 | 24003182 |
| complicated clostridium difficile colitis in children with cystic fibrosis: association with gastric acid suppression? | patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) have several risk factors for clostridium difficile colonization such as frequent hospitalization and exposure to a broad array of antibiotics utilized for the control, eradication, and prophylaxis of respiratory pathogens. however, despite this high rate of colonization, the occurrence of c. difficile infection (cdi) in cf is rare. we report three children with cf who presented with severe community-associated cdi. all three children had complicated courses an ... | 2014 | 23993432 |
| overlapping roles for toxins in clostridium difficile infection. | 2014 | 23983214 | |
| a statewide colectomy experience: the role of full bowel preparation in preventing surgical site infection. | to assess the utility of full bowel preparation with oral nonabsorbable antibiotics in preventing infectious complications after elective colectomy. | 2014 | 23979289 |
| clinical manifestations of clostridium difficile infection in a medical center in taiwan. | to investigate the clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) at a medical center in taiwan. | 2014 | 23978490 |
| clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 046 is common among neonatal pigs and humans in sweden. | clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 046 was found in 67% of neonatal piglets (45/67) sampled from three separate pig-breeding farms in sweden. sows from the same farms were tested and 50% were colonized in faeces and 30% were colonized on skin. an environmental source was suggested because identical pcr ribotypes were isolated from faeces as well as externally. human c. difficile infection outbreaks in southern sweden by the identical pcr ribotype 046 indicate its zoonotic potential. | 2014 | 23927574 |
| hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with clostridium difficile infection. | we report 3 cases of clostridium difficile-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) with biopsy proven renal thrombotic microangiopathy. two patients with acute renal failure were kidney transplants recipients whereas the third patient developed renal failure in the native kidneys. the presentation was preceded by acute diarrhea and stool. clostridium difficile toxin was detected in all the 3 patients. stool studies were negative for escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae and other enteric pat ... | 2014 | 23320969 |
| comparison of testing approaches for clostridium difficile infection at a large community hospital. | multiple diagnostic approaches are available for clostridium difficile infection (cdi); current guidelines support two-step testing (2st) as the preferred approach. we retrospectively evaluated the impact of switching from toxin enzyme immunoassay (eia) to 2st, and then to polymerase chain reaction (pcr), on cdi rates, test utilization and cdi treatment at a 900-bed tertiary care community teaching hospital. all inpatients tested for cdi between december 2008 and february 2011 were included. a p ... | 2014 | 23521523 |
| predictors of mortality after emergency colectomy for clostridium difficile colitis: an analysis of acs-nsqip. | to evaluate clinical factors associated with mortality in emergency colectomies performed for clostridium difficile colitis. | 2014 | 23470584 |
| clostridium difficile colitis acquired in the intensive care unit: outcome and prognostic factors. | we assessed factors associated with mortality and complicated course in the case of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) acquired in the intensive care unit (icu). | 2014 | 23780568 |
| infectious agents associated with diarrhoea in neonatal foals in central kentucky: a comprehensive molecular study. | diarrhoea caused by infectious agents is common in foals but there is no comprehensive molecular work-up of the relative prevalence of common agents and appearance of coinfections. | 2014 | 23773143 |
| a retrospective review of metronidazole and vancomycin in the management of clostridium difficile infection in patients with hematologic malignancies. | the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infection has significantly increased over the past decade. although the epidemiology and treatment of c. difficile infection is well elucidated in the non-oncology population, it is poorly understood among cancer patients. this illustrates great concern as the majority of these patients are immunosuppressed, which puts them at higher risk for developing severe disease. furthermore, suboptimal treatment of c. difficile infection can compromise ... | 2014 | 23804627 |
| [septic shock due to a community acquired clostridium difficile infection. a case study and a review of the literature]. | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection has changed in the past decade. the incidence rate of community acquired cases has increased in patients with no typical risk factors. we present a patient who was diagnosed with community-acquired clostridium difficile infection who presented with acute abdominal pain, and subsequently developed acute renal failure and septic shock. we describe the diagnosis, treatment and outcome and brief review of the literature. | 2014 | 23735318 |
| does a rapid diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection impact on quality of patient management? | a rapid and accurate diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is essential for patient management and implementation of infection control measures. during a prospective time-series study, we compared the impact of three different diagnostic strategies on patient care. each strategy was tested during a 3-month period: p1 (diagnosis based on the stool cytotoxicity assay and the toxigenic culture), p2 (diagnosis based on pcr) and p3 (two-step algorithm based on glutamate dehydrogenase det ... | 2014 | 23565919 |
| health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the us health care system. | health care-associated infections (hais) account for a large proportion of the harms caused by health care and are associated with high costs. better evaluation of the costs of these infections could help providers and payers to justify investing in prevention. | 2014 | 23999949 |
| evaluation of the rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay illumigene for diagnosis of clostridium difficile in an outbreak situation. | an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) at höglandet hospital eksjö in southern sweden in 2011 was mainly due to a multidrug-resistant pcr ribotype 046 (30% of all samples). diagnostics used routinely was the vidas cdab assay, but to control the outbreak the rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay illumigene was introduced and both techniques were compared to toxigenic culture (tc) prospectively. the lamp assay had a superior sensitivity, that is, 98% compared to 7 ... | 2014 | 23758095 |
| modern trends in infection control practices in intensive care units. | hospital-acquired infections (hais) are common in intensive care unit (icu) patients and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. there has been an increasing effort to prevent hais, and infection control practices are paramount in avoiding these complications. in the last several years, numerous developments have been seen in the infection prevention strategies in various health care settings. this article reviews the modern trends in infection control practices to prevent hais in ... | 2014 | 23753240 |
| clostridium difficile in the icu: study of the incidence, recurrence, clinical characteristics and complications in a university hospital. | although several studies have established the association between antibiotics and clostridium difficile infection (cdi), there is a lack of epidemiological studies on the incidence of cdi in european intensive care units outside the context of infection outbreaks. the present study describes the incidence, patient characteristics, complications, and recurrence rates of cdi in a spanish icu. | 2014 | 23769945 |
| intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevents antibiotic-induced susceptibility to enteric pathogens. | to determine the efficacy of oral supplementation of the gut enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (iap) in preventing antibiotic-associated infections from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and clostridium difficile. | 2014 | 23598380 |
| recurrence of clostridium difficile infection among veterans with spinal cord injury and disorder. | recurrent clostridium difficile (cdi) infection is a growing concern; however, there are little data on impact of recurrent cdi on those with spinal cord injury and disorder (sci/d). therefore, the objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with recurrence of cdi among veterans with sci/d. | 2014 | 24485372 |