Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against respiratory tract pathogens in comparison with other antimicrobial agents. | this study was done to evaluate the in vitro activity of a new ketolide telithromycin in comparison with clarithromycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 67), haemophilus influenzae (n = 139), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 46)collected between january and june 2003 in hong kong. among the h. influenzae isolates, 25.2% produced beta-lactamase, while 97.8% of m. catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase. half of the s. pneumoniae isolates were n ... | 2005 | 15980628 |
| codon usage comparison of novel genes in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae. | a similarity statistic for codon usage was developed and used to compare novel gene sequences found in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae with a reference set of 80 prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral genomes. these analyses were performed to obtain an indication as to whether individual genes were haemophilus-like in nature, or if they probably had more recently entered the h.influenzae gene pool via horizontal gene transfer from other species. the average and sd values were calculated f ... | 2005 | 15983137 |
| role of antimicrobial agents in the management of exacerbations of copd. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) are a common occurrence and characterize the natural history of the disease. over the past decade, new knowledge has substantially enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis, outcome and natural history of aecopd. the exacerbations not only greatly reduce the quality of life of these patients, but also result in hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death. the exacerbations are the major cost drivers in consumption of ... | 2005 | 15987232 |
| moraxella catarrhalis--infected alveolar epithelium induced monocyte recruitment and oxidative burst. | the recruitment of monocytes appears to be a crucial factor for inflammatory lung disease. alveolar epithelial cells contribute to monocyte influx into the lung, but their impact on monocyte inflammatory capacity is not entirely clear. we thus analyzed the modulation of monocyte oxidative burst by a549 and isolated human alveolar epithelial cells. epithelial infection with moraxella catarrhalis induced monocyte adhesion, transepithelial migration, and superoxide generation, whereas stimulation w ... | 2005 | 15557018 |
| efficacy and safety of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 milligrams twice daily for 5 days versus amoxicillin-clavulanate at 875/125 milligrams twice daily for 7 days in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | this randomized, controlled trial was designed to show that a short, 5-day course of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 mg (augmentin xr) is as effective clinically as a longer, 7-day course of conventional amoxicillin-clavulanate at 875/125 mg (both given twice daily) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 mg was designed to extend the therapeutic levels of amoxicillin in serum over the 12-h dosin ... | 2005 | 15616290 |
| in vitro activities of novel 2-fluoro-naphthyridine-containing ketolides. | in vitro activities of erythromycin a, telithromycin, and two investigational ketolides, jnj-17155437 and jnj-17155528, were evaluated against clinical bacterial strains, including selected common respiratory tract pathogens. against 46 macrolide-susceptible and -resistant streptococcus pneumoniae strains, the mic(90) (mic at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited) of the investigational ketolides was 0.25 microg/ml, twofold lower than that of telithromycin and at least 64-fold lower th ... | 2005 | 15616310 |
| serine-to-asparagine substitution in the gyra gene leads to quinolone resistance in moxifloxacin-exposed chlamydia pneumoniae. | quinolone resistance of chlamydia pneumoniae has not been described previously. serial subcultures of c. pneumoniae under increasing moxifloxacin concentrations (0.0125 to 6.4 mg/liter) resulted in a 256-fold mic increase compared to moxifloxacin-naive strains. gyra gene sequencing revealed a novel point mutation with a ser-->asn substitution. subcultures under rifalazil and macrolides did not alter the respective mics. | 2005 | 15616321 |
| a mutation in the sap operon attenuates survival of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in a chinchilla model of otitis media. | bacteria have evolved strategies to resist killing by antimicrobial peptides (aps), important effectors of innate immunity. the sap (sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides) operon confers resistance to ap-mediated killing of salmonella. we have recently shown that sapa gene expression is upregulated in the middle ear in a chinchilla model of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi)-induced otitis media. based on these findings, we constructed an nthi strain containing a lux reporter plasmid driv ... | 2005 | 15618200 |
| nasopharyngeal aerobic bacterial flora and staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in deaf children. | to determine the nasopharyngeal aerobic bacterial flora and staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in deaf children and the role of flora in deafness. | 2005 | 15627450 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens in the uk during 2002/3 determined locally and centrally by bsac methods. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae causing community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the uk during 2002/2003 and to compare susceptibilities determined locally by disc diffusion with agar dilution mics determined at a central laboratory. | 2005 | 15649996 |
| pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime and cefixime in in vitro kinetic models. | the bacterial time-kill curves of cefpodoxime and cefixime against four bacterial strains (haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae/penicillin sensitive and s. pneumoniae/penicillin intermediate) were compared in in vitro infection models in which various human pharmacokinetic profiles of unbound antibiotic were simulated. this approach offers more detailed information than the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) does about the time course of antibacterial effic ... | 2005 | 15664481 |
| antimicrobial resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and group a beta-haemolytic streptococci in 2002-2003. results of the multinational grasp surveillance program. | a multinational surveillance study, grasp, was conducted between november 2002 and april 2003 with the aim of assessing rates of antimicrobial resistance among 2656 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, 2486 isolates of group a beta-haemolytic streptococci, 1358 isolates of haemophilus influenzae and 1047 of moraxella catarrhalis from 20 countries in europe, eastern asia and southern africa. conspicuous differences between various countries were noted in the s. pneumoniae resistance rates observ ... | 2005 | 15664485 |
| pppa, a surface-exposed protein of streptococcus pneumoniae, elicits cross-reactive antibodies that reduce colonization in a murine intranasal immunization and challenge model. | the multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is effective against both systemic disease and otitis media caused by serotypes contained in the vaccine. however, serotypes not covered by the present conjugate vaccine may still cause pneumococcal disease. to address these serotypes, and the remaining otitis media due to streptococcus pneumoniae, efforts have been devoted to identifying protective protein antigens. immunity to conserved surface proteins important for adhesion, nutrient acquisition ... | 2005 | 15664941 |
| the cd19 molecule is crucial for mid-dependent activation of tonsillar b cells from children. | the moraxella immunoglobulin (ig) d-binding protein (mid) induces a strong proliferative response in human peripheral blood igd+ b cells from adults isolated by positive selection using anti-cd19-conjugated microbeads. here, we show that tonsillar b cells from children isolated with positive selection are unable to respond to mid stimulation. the proliferative response was very low or absent at various concentrations of mid tested and at different time points analysed, whereas the mid response o ... | 2005 | 15683453 |
| antimicrobial resistance in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media and otitis media recurring after amoxicillin therapy. | the objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the organisms isolated from the nasopharynx of children who presented with acute otitis media (aom) or otitis media that recurred after amoxicillin therapy. nasopharyngeal cultures obtained from 72 patients, 40 with aom and 32 with recurrent otitis media (rom), were analysed. thirty-six potentially pathogenic organisms were recovered in 34 (85 %) of the children from the aom group, and 42 were isolated from 29 (91 ... | 2005 | 15591260 |
| protekt 1999-2000: a multicentre study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in japan. | a six-centre study in japan during the winter of 1999-2000 assessed the in vitro activity of >20 antimicrobial agents against the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of each antimicrobial was determined against these isolates using national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) methodology. | 2005 | 15603993 |
| the pneumoplex assays, a multiplex pcr-enzyme hybridization assay that allows simultaneous detection of five organisms, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia (chlamydophila) pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, legionella micdadei, and bordetella pertussis, and its real-time counterpart. | respiratory disease caused by atypical bacteria remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality for adults and children, despite the widespread use of effective antimicrobials agents. culture remains the "gold standard" for the detection of these agents. however, culture is labor-intensive, takes several days to weeks for growth, and can be very insensitive for the detection of some of these organisms. newer singleplex pcr diagnostic tests are sensitive and specific, but multiple assays wo ... | 2005 | 15695646 |
| a randomized, multicenter, double blind, double dummy trial of single dose azithromycin versus high dose amoxicillin for treatment of uncomplicated acute otitis media. | high dose amoxicillin is recommended for the initial treatment of children with acute otitis media (aom), particularly patients at risk for having drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. single dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg) is considered an alternative agent for the treatment of aom. | 2005 | 15702045 |
| [the pathogen spectrum of acute bacterial rhinitis/sinusitis and antibiotic resistance]. | bacterial rhinosinusitis is one of the most frequent indications for an antibiotic therapy. the objective of this study was the analysis of the current pathogen spectrum and its antimicrobial susceptibility. | 2005 | 15702353 |
| nasopharyngeal colonization by moraxella catarrhalis and study of antimicrobial susceptibility in healthy children from cuban day-care centers. | the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of moraxella catarrhalis was determined for the first time in cuba. one-hundred fifty healthy children attending three day-care centers in the municipality of marianao, havana city were studied. the percentage of recovering bacteria in nasal and pharyngeal swabs was compared. antimicrobial susceptibilities to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulan ... | 2005 | 15778001 |
| haemophilus ducreyi outer membrane determinants, including dsra, define two clonal populations. | the haemophilus ducreyi outer membrane component dsra (for ducreyi serum resistance a) is necessary for complete resistance to normal human serum (nhs). when dsra expression in 19 temporally and geographically diverse clinical isolates of h. ducreyi was examined by western blotting, 5 of the strains expressed a different immunotype of the dsra protein (dsra(ii)) than the well-characterized prototypical strain 35000hp (dsra(i)). the predicted dsra proteins expressed by the dsra(ii) strains were 1 ... | 2005 | 15784585 |
| the uspa2 protein of moraxella catarrhalis is directly involved in the expression of serum resistance. | many strains of moraxella catarrhalis are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. previous studies have shown that mutations involving the insertion of an antibiotic resistance cartridge into the m. catarrhalis uspa2 gene resulted in the conversion of a serum-resistant strain to a serum-sensitive phenotype. in the present study, the deletion of the entire uspa2 gene from the serum-resistant m. catarrhalis strain o35e resulted in a serum-sensitive phenotype and did not affec ... | 2005 | 15784586 |
| acquisition of resistance to carbapenems in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of acinetobacter baumannii: natural insertional inactivation of a gene encoding a member of a novel family of beta-barrel outer membrane proteins. | the outer membrane proteins responsible for the influx of carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotics in the nonfermentative gram-negative pathogen acinetobacter baumannii are still poorly characterized. resistance to both imipenem and meropenem in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of a. baumannii is associated with the loss of a heat-modifiable 29-kda outer membrane protein, designated caro. the chromosomal locus containing the caro gene was cloned and characterized from different clinical isolates. ... | 2005 | 15793123 |
| comparative antimicrobial characterization of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713), a new peptide deformylase inhibitor of clinical importance. | lbm415 (nvp pdf-713) is the first member of the peptide deformylase (pdf) inhibitor class being developed for clinical trials as a parenteral and oral agent for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract disease and serious infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive cocci. in this study susceptibility testing results from 1,306 recent clinical isolates selected to over-represent resistance trends among the species were summarized. all staphylococci (153 strains; mic at whi ... | 2005 | 15793128 |
| mutant prevention concentrations of abt-492, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against three common respiratory pathogens. | the purpose of this study was to compare the mutant prevention concentration (mpc) of abt-492 to those of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the fluoroquinolones had comparable mutation selection windows, which is the ratio of mpc/mic, for all isolates. | 2005 | 15793158 |
| weekly point prevalence of streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in the upper airways of normal young children: effect of respiratory illness and season. | the aim was to determine the effect of respiratory illness and season on carriage rates in the upper airways of streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in normal children. sixteen healthy children, 1-10 years old, amenable to weekly sampling were followed longitudinally for at least three seasons of the year. respiratory symptoms were recorded daily; weekly nasal aspirate/wash samples were cultured on selective agars. urea concentration in samples was used to de ... | 2005 | 15799766 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious lower respiratory tract infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is characterized by disputes over diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic decisions. with the widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts, the etiology and the drug resistance patterns of pathogens responsible for cap have changed. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella cat ... | 2005 | 15802165 |
| moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: burden of disease and immune response. | moraxella catarrhalis is frequently present in the sputum of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the role of m. catarrhalis in this common disease. | 2005 | 15805178 |
| cefdinir: an oral alternative to parenteral cephems. | cost savings are possible if oral cephems of equivalent efficacy can be substituted for parenteral cephems. an in vitro study was performed to compare the activity of cefdinir, cefoxitin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime against 243 clinical isolates of human pathogens. activities were determined by national committee for clinical laboratory standards microbroth dilution methodology using an inoculum of approximately 5 x 10(5) cfu/ml. cefdinir was the single or equally most pote ... | 2005 | 15808317 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of potential bacterial pathogens in adults with acute respiratory tract infections prospective epidemiological network investigating community-acquired infection surveillance in nagasaki (penicillin) study. | the prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens in acute upper respiratory tract infections (aurtis) is not clear. we conducted a prospective community-based multicenter study in 45 centers across nagasaki, japan, between december 2001 and april 2002. we examined the nasopharyngeal or throat isolates in 930 adult outpatients with aurtis. potential bacterial pathogens, including streptococcus pyogenes (from 6.8% patients), s. pneumoniae (5.3%), s. milleri group (2.0%) ... | 2005 | 15808319 |
| identification of a conserved moraxella catarrhalis haemoglobin-utilization protein, mhua. | moraxella catarrhalis is a leading cause of acute otitis media in children and is a cause of respiratory disease in adults with underlying lung disease. this organism is a strict human pathogen that has an absolute requirement for iron in order to grow and cause disease. previous studies identified transferrin and lactoferrin receptors used by m. catarrhalis to obtain iron from the human host, yet other iron-acquisition systems remain undefined. in this study, it is demonstrated that this strict ... | 2005 | 15817782 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-induced septic arthritis of a prosthetic knee joint in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anakinra: comment on the article by schiff et al. | 2005 | 15818660 | |
| microbiology of sinusitis and the predictive value of throat culture for the aetiology of sinusitis. | a prospective study of throat cultures and maxillary sinus aspirates from children with chronic sinusitis (n = 21), acute sinusitis (n = 28) or a clinical diagnosis of chronic adenoiditis (n = 41) was performed. seventy-two bacterial pathogens were isolated from sinus aspirates from 52% of the study population. haemophilus influenzae was most common pathogen, followed by moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and group a streptococci. quantitative throat cultures ... | 2005 | 15819870 |
| usefulness of the japanese respiratory society guidelines for community pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of community-acquired pneumonia between 2000 and 2002 in a general hospital. | the aim of this study was to investigate the causative organisms of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 and to evaluate the japanese respiratory society (jrs) guidelines. | 2005 | 15823187 |
| pathogenesis of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli. | over the last few years, dramatic increases in our knowledge about diffusely adhering escherichia coli (daec) pathogenesis have taken place. the typical class of daec includes e. coli strains harboring afae-i, afae-ii, afae-iii, afae-v, dr, dr-ii, f1845, and nfa-i adhesins (afa/dr daec); these strains (i) have an identical genetic organization and (ii) allow binding to human decay-accelerating factor (daf) (afa/dr(daf) subclass) or carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) (afa/dr(cea) subclass). the atypi ... | 2005 | 15831825 |
| characterization of a cluster of three glycosyltransferase enzymes essential for moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide assembly. | moraxella catarrhalis isolates express lipooligosaccharide (los) molecules on their surface, which share epitopes similar to that of the neisseria and haemophilus species. these common los epitopes have been implicated in various steps of pathogenesis for the different organisms. in this study, a cluster of three los glycosyltransferase genes (lgt) were identified in m. catarrhalis 7169, a strain that produces a serotype b los. mutants in these glycosyltransferase genes were constructed, and the ... | 2005 | 15838019 |
| outer membrane protein p6 of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a potent and selective inducer of human macrophage proinflammatory cytokines. | interactions of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) with human macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of nthi-induced infection in humans. however, the immunologic mechanisms that initiate and perpetuate nthi-mediated macrophage responses have not been well explored. outer membrane protein (omp) p6 is a conserved lipoprotein expressed by nthi in vivo that possesses a pam(3)cys terminal motif, characteristic of immunoactive bacterial lipoproteins associated with toll-like receptor signa ... | 2005 | 15845475 |
| synthesis and characterization of lipooligosaccharide-based conjugate vaccines for serotype b moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in the elderly. lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface antigen of the bacterium that elicits bactericidal antibodies. serological studies show that three major los types (a, b, and c) have been identified among clinical isolates. our previous studies demonstrated that the type a los-based conjugates were immunogenic in animals. in this study, los from type b strain 26397 was detoxified ... | 2005 | 15845482 |
| the use of macrolides in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. | antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among upper respiratory tract pathogens. resistance to beta-lactam drugs among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes is increasing. as safe and well-tolerated antibiotics, macrolides play a key role in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (rtis). their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, such as s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes, atypical pathogens, h. influenzae ... | 2005 | 15847719 |
| a rare cause of specific cough in a child: the importance of following-up children with chronic cough. | for many years, the term 'specific cough' has been used as a clinical cough descriptor in children to signify the likelihood of an underlying disease causing the cough. in this case study, we describe a child with specific cough caused by a rare carcinoma, a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus. the cough only totally resolved after the primary cause was successfully treated. this report highlights the importance of following up children with cough, especially those with specific cough. | 2005 | 16270935 |
| cough: are children really different to adults? | worldwide paediatricians advocate that children should be managed differently from adults. in this article, similarities and differences between children and adults related to cough are presented. physiologically, the cough pathway is closely linked to the control of breathing (the central respiratory pattern generator). as respiratory control and associated reflexes undergo a maturation process, it is expected that the cough would likewise undergo developmental stages as well. clinically, the ' ... | 2005 | 16270937 |
| use of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment analyses to support phase 2 and 3 dosing strategies for doripenem. | a doripenem population pharmacokinetic model and monte carlo simulations were utilized for dose regimen decision support for future clinical development. simulation results predict that 500 mg of doripenem administered over 1 h every 8 h would be effective against bacterial strains with mics less than 2 microg/ml and that less susceptible strains could be treated with prolonged infusions. | 2005 | 16127078 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of dx-619, a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone. | the in vitro activities of dx-619, des-fluoro(6) quinolone, against 1,208 clinical isolates were examined. dx-619 was particularly potent against staphylococci, including ciprofloxacin- and methicillin-resistant strains; the mic at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited was 0.5 microg/ml. in addition, dx-619 was also active against gram-negative bacteria. | 2005 | 15980395 |
| new antimicrobial agents approved by the u.s. food and drug administration in 2004 and new indications for previously approved agents. | 2005 | 15855554 | |
| use of the microseq 500 16s rrna gene-based sequencing for identification of bacterial isolates that commercial automated systems failed to identify correctly. | reliable automated identification and susceptibility testing of clinically relevant bacteria is an essential routine for microbiology laboratories, thus improving patient care. examples of automated identification systems include the phoenix (becton dickinson) and the vitek 2 (biomerieux). however, more and more frequently, microbiologists must isolate "difficult" strains that automated systems often fail to identify. an alternative approach could be the genetic identification of isolates; this ... | 2005 | 15695654 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of ppi-0903m (t-91825), a novel cephalosporin, tested against a worldwide collection of clinical strains. | ppi-0903m is a novel n-phosphono-type cephalosporin active against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and many other gram-positive organisms. this study evaluated the in vitro activity and spectrum of ppi-0903m against 1,478 recent clinical isolates collected from 80 medical centers (22 countries). ppi-0903m demonstrated broader in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria, particularly against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci of current clinical concern, than currently avai ... | 2005 | 16048970 |
| effect of medium age and supplementation with the biocatalytic oxygen-reducing reagent oxyrase on in vitro activities of tigecycline against recent clinical isolates. | in determining the quality control limits for the clinical laboratory standards institute-recommended quality control organisms with tigecycline, a number of inconsistencies in the results were encountered that appeared to be related to the age of the mueller-hinton broth ii. this study was performed to examine the effect of medium age and supplementation with oxyrase on the activity of tigecycline using a large number of clinical isolates. | 2005 | 16127070 |
| novel, single-dose microsphere formulation of azithromycin versus 7-day levofloxacin therapy for treatment of mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia in adults. | this randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study was designed to demonstrate that a single 2.0-g oral dose of a novel microsphere formulation of azithromycin was at least as effective as 7 days of levofloxacin, 500 mg/day, in the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia (fine classes i, ii, and iii). in total, 427 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a single 2.0-g dose of azithromycin microspheres (n = 213) or a 7-day regimen of levofloxacin ... | 2005 | 16189077 |
| [bacterial flora in children with recurrent acute otitis media]. | the aim of the study was to identify microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogens from middle ear in children with recurrent acute otitis media and acute otitis media. the study comprised 83 children--42 with recurrent acute otitis media and 41 with acute otitis emdia classified for paracentesis. agar, chocolate, blood and chapman plates were inoculated for isolation of bacteria. the plates were incubated at 37 degrees c and examined at 24 hours. the susceptibility of bacteria ... | 2005 | 17877118 |
| in vitro activity of quinolones against s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis in saudi arabia. | susceptibility of 88 clinical streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 116 haemophilus influenzae isolates and 80 moraxella catarrhalis isolates to 6 fluoroquinolones--ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin and gemifloxacin--were determined. isolates were from patients with invasive disease at 4 hospitals in saudi arabia between 1996 and 1998. s. pneumoniae isolates were fully susceptible to trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin and gemifloxacin; susceptibility to ofloxacin and le ... | 2005 | 16532669 |
| [community-acquired acute maxillary sinusitis or rhinosinusitis in adults in france: current management]. | sinus infections, often viral, are a common reason for physician visits. the multiplicity of clinical presentations makes its diagnosis difficult. the problem is to recognize bacterial infection without additional testing, except in cases of treatment failures, complications or relapse. patients with signs suggestive of rhinosinusitis fall into one of four basic clinical situations: common colds, 'doubtful' rhinosinusitis, apparent acute maxillary bacterial rhinosinusitis, and complications. ant ... | 2005 | 16395189 |
| multiplex pcr assay that identifies the major lipooligosaccharide serotype expressed by moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates. | a heterologous cluster of glycosyltransferase genes was identified in the three moraxella catarrhalis los serotype strains. multiple pcr primers designed to this region amplified products that differentiate between the serotypes more rapidly and efficiently than previously described serological analyses. this assay will be valuable for clinical and research-based studies. | 2005 | 16333114 |
| detection and serotyping of streptococcus pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal samples by pcr-based multiplex assay. | we developed a multiplex pcr-based methodology for nasopharyngeal samples maintained in egg thioglycolate antibiotic and skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol media to identify and serotype the most important serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae that cause invasive disease in children. this technique can be used to study the epidemiology of pneumococcal colonization and the effect of conjugate vaccines. | 2005 | 16333118 |
| [microbiologic diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract infections]. | the main aim of the microbiological diagnosis is to detect the etiologic agent of an infection. in case of bacteria it means to check the susceptibility to antibiotics. it can be difficult to find the etiological agent of respiratory tract infections due to wide range of potential pathogens both viral and bacterial. culture methods are the most frequently used while in case of atypical and viral pathogens rather serological methods based on specific antibody level checking are recommended. in hi ... | 2005 | 16358917 |
| [acute otitis media in children]. | acute otitis media (a.o.m.) occurs mainly in children. the first peak of this disease appears between 6-18 month of life, and the second between 4-7 year of age. the younger age at which the first a.o.m. incidence is noted, the higher probability of its recurrence. in poland 65% of children up to the 2 year of age suffer from otitis media once, and 30% more than three times. the portal of infection in a.o.m. comprises: (1) eustachian tube (2) blood vessels (3) external auditory meatus with perfo ... | 2005 | 16358923 |
| antigenic specificity of the mucosal antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human mucosal pathogen causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the mucosal antibody response to m. catarrhalis in adults with copd. in this study, 10 pairs of well-characterized sputum supernatant samples from adults with copd who had acquired and subsequently cleared m. catarrhalis from their respiratory tracts were studied in detail in an effor ... | 2005 | 16299311 |
| cold shock response of the uspa1 outer membrane adhesin of moraxella catarrhalis. | colonization of the human nasopharynx exposes moraxella catarrhalis, a common cause of otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, to sudden downshifts in temperature, occurring when the host breathes cold air. we investigated whether in vitro cold shock influences the expressions of the outer membrane adhesins uspa1 and hemagglutinin, which are considered virulence factors, and of an m. catarrhalis homolog of reca, a housekeeping gene, which in ... | 2005 | 16299321 |
| positive blood cultures in pediatric emergency department patients: epidemiological and clinical characteristics. | to determine the frequency of the emergency department (ed) visits of bacteraemic children and to compare the clinical characteristics of the discharged patients with those of the admitted patients. | 2005 | 16302571 |
| antimicrobial activity of doripenem (s-4661): a global surveillance report (2003). | the spectrum of activity and potency of doripenem, a broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem currently in clinical development, was evaluated using 16 008 clinical bacterial isolates collected as part of an international surveillance project during 2003. using reference broth microdilution methods, doripenem was found to be highly active against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (2705 and 297 isolates, respectively; mic90s 0.06 mg/l), with a potency gr ... | 2005 | 16307551 |
| kinetic bactericidal activity of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin against respiratory pathogens. | the present study assessed the comparative in vitro killing kinetics of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbc) were determined against streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis strains characterized by different susceptibilities to beta-lactams and macrolides. for each bacterial species, representative strains were chosen for time-kill stud ... | 2005 | 16309423 |
| abc transporter ftsabcd of streptococcus pyogenes mediates uptake of ferric ferrichrome. | the streptococcus pyogenes or group a streptococcus (gas) genome encodes three abc transporters, namely, ftsabcd, mtsabc, and htsabc, which share homology with iron transporters. mtsabc and htsabc are believed to take up ferric (fe3+) and manganese ions and heme, respectively, while the specificity of ftsabcd is unknown. | 2005 | 16225685 |
| eradication of pathogens from the nasopharynx after therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with low- or high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. | the growing resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin can be overcome by increasing the dose of the penicillin administered. this generated the recommendation that the adult dose of amoxicillin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis (ams) be increased from 1.5 g/day to 4.0 g/day. the objective of this study was to investigate whether the higher dose of amoxicillin is more effective than the previously recommended dose in eradicating s. pneumoniae from the nasopharynx of patien ... | 2005 | 16226017 |
| role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | the goal of this study was to determine the role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. strain 2951 and its p(k) mutant strain 2951 gale were used in this study. this study suggests that the p(k) epitope of los is not an adhesin for m. catarrhalis, but plays a crucial role by its surface charge in the initial stage of attachment. | 2005 | 16237271 |
| [efficacy and safety of extended-release clarithromycin (5-day short-course) vs telithromycin, in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis]. | the extended-release formulation of clarithromycin (cla-er) allows using this macrolide as a single daily dose. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the cla-er formulation (500 mgx2) vs telithromycin (teli) (400 mgx2) as a short course 5-day treatment, once a day, in patients with aecb. | 2005 | 16239090 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacterium without endotoxin, a potential vaccine candidate. | lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface component of moraxella catarrhalis and a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by this organism. the presence of los on the bacterium is an obstacle to the development of vaccines derived from whole cells or outer membrane components of the bacterium. an lpxa gene encoding udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase responsible for the first step of lipid a biosynthesis was identified by the construction and characteriza ... | 2005 | 16239560 |
| sputum bacteriology in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant pneumonia in hong kong. | to study the sputum microbiology of patients admitted to a teaching hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) with concomitant pneumonia. | 2005 | 16248860 |
| efficacy of penicillin versus cefdinir in eradication of group a streptococci and tonsillar flora. | core tonsillar cultures were obtained from 40 children with recurrent tonsillitis treated with either penicillin or cefdinir. group a beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 11 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (p < 0.001) patients. beta-lactamase producers were recovered from 17 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (p < 0.01) patients. inhibiting alpha-hemolytic streptococci were isolated less often from penicillin-treated patients than from cefdinir-treated patients. | 2005 | 16251332 |
| recovery of interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx following antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with telithromycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate. | the effect on the nasopharyngeal flora of 7 days of amoxicillin-clavulanate or 5 days of 800 mg once a day was studied in 50 adults with acute sinusitis. the numbers of potential pathogens and interfering alpha-hemolytic streptococci were equally reduced after both therapies. however, the number of interfering prevotella spp. declined more significantly after amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment. | 2005 | 16251334 |
| [study of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin]. | to evaluate the dosing regimens of levofloxacin. | 2005 | 16255991 |
| susceptibility patterns for amoxicillin/clavulanate tests mimicking the licensed formulations and pharmacokinetic relationships: do the mic obtained with 2:1 ratio testing accurately reflect activity against beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis? | amoxicillin/clavulanate has recently undergone formulation changes (xr and es-600) that represent 14:1 and 16:1 ratios of amoxicillin/clavulanate. these ratios greatly differ from the 2:1 ratio used in initial formulations and in vitro susceptibility testing. the objective of this study was to determine if the reference method using a 2:1 ratio accurately reflects the susceptibility to the various clinically used amoxicillin/clavulanate formulations and their respective serum concentration ratio ... | 2005 | 16257168 |
| antimicrobial activities of tosufloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella branhamella catarrhalis isolated from otolaryngological infectious diseases. | in 2003, the japan society for infectious diseases in otolaryngology conducted its third nationwide survey of clinical isolates from otolaryngological infectious diseases. we selected three primary causative organisms of otolaryngological infectious diseases, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella branhamella catarrhalis, and evaluated their sensitivities to tosufloxacin (tflx), a new oral quinolone, because the survey revealed a rise in drug-resistant strains, suggestin ... | 2005 | 16258823 |
| specific and sensitive detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | early diagnosis of neisseria gonorrhoeae infections is important with regard to patients' health and infectivity. we report the development of a specific and sensitive taqman assay for the detection of n. gonorrhoeae in clinical samples. the target sequence is a 76-bp fragment of the 5' untranslated region of the opa genes that encode opacity proteins. a panel of 448 well-defined n. gonorrhoeae isolates was used to evaluate and optimize the assay. the method employs two minor-groove binding prob ... | 2005 | 16272500 |
| [nasopharyngeal and middle ear flora in children with acute otitis media]. | nasopharyngeal flora can be a reservoir of bacteria caused acute otitis media in children. the aim of the study was to identify microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogens from the nasopharynx and middle ear of children with acute otitis media. the study comprised 128 children ages 1 year to 14 years with diagnosed of acute otitis media with purulent discharge. the nasopharyngeal and middle ear samples were collected at the same time. agar, chocolate, blood and chapman plates ... | 2005 | 16273858 |
| human c4b-binding protein selectively interacts with neisseria gonorrhoeae and results in species-specific infection. | neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea, a disease that is restricted to humans. complement forms a key arm of the innate immune system that combats gonococcal infections. n. gonorrhoeae uses its outer membrane porin (por) molecules to bind the classical pathway of complement down-regulatory protein c4b-binding protein (c4bp) to evade killing by human complement. strains of n. gonorrhoeae that resisted killing by human serum complement were killed by serum from rodent, lagomorp ... | 2005 | 16275906 |
| the alexander project: the benefits from a decade of surveillance. | the alexander project, initiated in 1992 as an international, multicentre, longitudinal surveillance study of antimicrobial susceptibility among common respiratory pathogens, has been pivotal in defining the role of global surveillance. at the time, there were few studies in which data were collected in a way that allowed meaningful comparisons to be made between studies, locations or over time. the project instituted the use of a central laboratory and standardized methods for the collection of ... | 2005 | 16282278 |
| identification and characterization of a novel outer membrane protein (omp j) of moraxella catarrhalis that exists in two major forms. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common commensal of the human respiratory tract that has been associated with a number of disease states, including acute otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. during studies to investigate the outer membrane proteins of this bacterium, two novel major proteins, of approximately 19 kda and 16 kda (named omp j1 and omp j2, respectively), were identified. further analysis indicated that these two proteins possessed ... | 2005 | 16291671 |
| [bacteriological study of chronic sinusitis]. | to explore the characteristics of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic sinusitis (cr) and antibiotic-resistance. | 2005 | 16200963 |
| a gonococcal homologue of meningococcal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene is a new type of bacterial pseudogene that is transcriptionally active but phenotypically silent. | it has been speculated that the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) gene is present only in neisseria meningitidis and not among related species such as neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria lactamica, because n. meningitidis is the only bacterium with ggt activity. however, nucleotide sequences highly homologous to the meningococcal ggt gene were found in the genomes of n. gonorrhoeae isolates. | 2005 | 16202144 |
| single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of children with acute otitis media. | azithromycin is an azalide with in vitro activity against otitis media pathogens, good middle ear penetration and a prolonged half-life. a total of four clinical trials have evaluated the clinical success rate, safety and compliance of single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg) in the treatment of children with otitis media. among all the patients treated with single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg), and presented previously in four published clinical trials, end-of-treatment clinical success was 88% (544 ... | 2005 | 16207162 |
| evaluation of a rapid direct assay for identification of bacteria and the mec a and van genes from positive-testing blood cultures. | we performed the first evaluation of a dna strip assay (genotype blood culture; hain lifescience, nehren, germany) for the detection of the most relevant bacterial sepsis pathogens directly from positive bactec blood culture bottles (becton dickinson, heidelberg, germany). the test comprises two panels, one for the direct species identification of important gram-positive cocci and the other for gram-negative rods. additionally, detection of the mec a and the van genes are implemented. the genoty ... | 2005 | 16207992 |
| evaluation of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713), a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor, for treatment of experimental mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia. we evaluated the efficacy of lbm415, a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor antimicrobial agent, for the treatment of m. pneumoniae pneumonia in a mouse model. eight-week-old balb/c mice were intranasally inoculated once with 10(7) cfu of m. pneumoniae. groups of mice were treated with lbm415 (50 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo subcutaneously daily for 13 days, starting 24 h after inoculation. groups of mice were evaluated a ... | 2005 | 16189089 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of sm-216601, a new broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem. | sm-216601 is a novel parenteral 1beta-methylcarbapenem. in agar dilution susceptibility testing, the mic of sm-216601 for 90% of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains tested (mic(90)) was 2 microg/ml, which was comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid. sm-216601 was also very potent against enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant strains (mic(90) = 8 microg/ml). sm-216601 exhibited potent activity against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, ... | 2005 | 16189097 |
| in vitro susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to garenoxacin and da-7867. | the in vitro activities of da-7867, a novel oxazolidinone, and garenoxacin (bms-284756) were compared to those of linezolid in 67 susceptible and drug-resistant clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. da-7867 was the most active drug with an mic(90) of 0.125 microg/ml, compared to the mic(90)s of 4 microg/ml of garenoxacin and 2 microg/ml of linezolid. | 2005 | 16189119 |
| sensitivity of respiratory bacteria to lignocaine. | lignocaine, a topical anaesthetic agent, is generally used in variable concentrations usually between 2% and 4% on the vocal cords prior to flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) procedures. the aim of this study was to investigate whether 2% or 1% lignocaine significantly inhibits the growth of organisms commonly found in the respiratory tract, in particular streptococcus pneumoniae. | 2005 | 16194830 |
| microbiology of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis. | we undertook to evaluate the microbiology of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis (aecs). | 2005 | 16134356 |
| ionic binding of c3 to the human pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is a unique mechanism for combating innate immunity. | moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2 (uspa1/a2) interfere with the classical pathway of the complement system by binding c4b-binding protein. in this study we demonstrate that m. catarrhalis uspa1 and a2 noncovalently and in a dose-dependent manner bind both the third component of complement (c3) from edta-treated serum and methylamine-treated c3. in contrast, related moraxella subspecies (n = 13) or other human pathogenic bacteria (n = 13) do not bind c3 or methylamine-tr ... | 2005 | 16148107 |
| clinical and bacterial characteristics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in children in the antibiotic resistance era. | acute conjunctivitis is the most common eye disorder in young children. bacteria are responsible for 54-73% of all cases. the goals of the study were to identify the rates of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in cases of bacterial conjunctivitis in children and to define antibiotic resistance rates. | 2005 | 16148850 |
| characterization of a novel porin protein from moraxella catarrhalis and identification of an immunodominant surface loop. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative bacterium that is mainly responsible for respiratory tract infections. in this study we report a novel outer membrane protein (omp), designated m35, with a molecular mass of 36.1 kda. this protein was structurally homologous to classic gram-negative porins, such as omp c from escherichia coli and omp k36 from klebsiella pneumoniae, with a predicted structure of 8 surface loops and 16 antiparallel beta-sheets. the dna sequences of the genes from 18 diverse ... | 2005 | 16159786 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2003)]. | from october 2003 to september 2004, we collected the specimen from 399 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 12 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 474 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in inflammation, 469 strains were examined. the breakdown of the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 76, streptoco ... | 2005 | 16161758 |
| effects of amoxicillin and cefdinir on nasopharyngeal bacterial flora. | to compare the effects of cefdinir (14 mg/kg per day) and amoxicillin (90 mg/kg per day) antimicrobial therapy on the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media. | 2005 | 16172355 |
| human antibody response to outer membrane protein g1a, a lipoprotein of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of respiratory infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and of otitis media in children. outer membrane protein (omp) g1a is an approximately 29-kda surface lipoprotein and is a potential vaccine candidate. the gene that encodes omp g1a was expressed and purified using a novel plasmid vector. [(3)h]palmitic acid labeling demonstrated that both native and recombinant omp g1a contain covalently bound palmitic acid. to assess ... | 2005 | 16177336 |
| macrolide-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae: clinical implications for the empiric treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | 2005 | 16614685 | |
| prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis infections of the lower respiratory tract in elderly patients. | to determine: *rate of isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in elderly patients having lower respiratory tract infection *the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of moraxella catarrhalis isolates. *the predisposing factors responsible for moraxella catarrhalis infections of lower respiratory tract. | 2005 | 16401943 |
| vaccine development for non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis: progress and challenges. | an urgent need exists for vaccines to prevent infections caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. these bacteria cause otitis media in children, a clinical problem associated with enormous morbidity and cost. h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis also cause lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic lung disease. infections in this clinical setting are associated with disability and death. recent progress in identifying potential vaccine antigens in both ... | 2005 | 16372880 |
| use of antimicrobial agents for upper respiratory tract infections in taiwanese children. | upper respiratory tract infections (urtis) are mostly caused by viruses. antibiotic misuse for viral urtis in children is a serious problem that not only results in selection of resistant strains of bacteria but also wastes millions of dollars each year in taiwan. antibiotic resistance among common respiratory bacterial pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis has become a major issue for public health. the common cold, ... | 2005 | 16422181 |
| the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis adheres to epithelial cells by interacting with fibronectin through ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2. | moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein (usp) a1 has been reported to bind fibronectin and is involved in adherence. in this study, using m. catarrhalis mutants derived from clinical isolates, we show that both uspa1 and uspa2 bind fibronectin. recombinant truncated uspa1/a2 proteins, together with smaller fragments spanning the entire molecule, were tested for binding to fibronectin. both uspa1 and uspa2 bound fibronectin, and the fibronectin-binding domains were located within uspa1(2 ... | 2005 | 16107956 |
| treating acute otitis media post-pcv-7: judicious antibiotic therapy. | acute otitis media (aom) is treated with antibiotics in the united states, but the changing distribution of bacterial pathogens that cause the disorder can present physicians with several challenges. most physicians treat aom empirically, and their treatment choice should target streptococcus pneumonia, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, as those bacteria are most often isolated in aom. first-line treatment for new onset aom remains amoxicillin (80-90 mg/kg/d, divided ... | 2005 | 19667702 |
| population genetics of microbial pathogens estimated from multilocus sequence typing (mlst) data. | the inference of population recombination (rho), population mutation (theta), and adaptive selection is of great interest in microbial population genetics. these parameters can be efficiently estimated using explicit statistical frameworks (evolutionary models) that describe their effect on gene sequences. within this framework, we estimated rho and theta using a coalescent approach, and adaptive (or destabilizing) selection under heterogeneous codon-based and amino acid property models in micro ... | 2005 | 16503511 |
| population genetics of microbial pathogens estimated from multilocus sequence typing (mlst) data. | the inference of population recombination (rho), population mutation (theta), and adaptive selection is of great interest in microbial population genetics. these parameters can be efficiently estimated using explicit statistical frameworks (evolutionary models) that describe their effect on gene sequences. within this framework, we estimated rho and theta using a coalescent approach, and adaptive (or destabilizing) selection under heterogeneous codon-based and amino acid property models in micro ... | 2005 | 16503511 |
| prospects for aminoacyl-trna synthetase inhibitors as new antimicrobial agents. | 2005 | 16304142 |