Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| hepatitis e virus infection in fulminant hepatitis patients and an apparently healthy population in bangladesh. | this is the first study comparing hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in bangladesh in fulminant hepatitis (fh) patients presumed to have a viral cause and in the apparently healthy population. sera from 22 fh patients were analyzed for antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c and d viruses, and hev and for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). anti-hev immunoglobulin m (igm) was detected in the sera of 63.6% of patients, whereas 35.7% were positive for hbsag. a h ... | 2002 | 12224580 |
| sequence of the 3'-terminal end (8.1 kb) of the genome of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus: comparison with other haemagglutinating coronaviruses. | a cytopathogenic coronavirus, serologically identified as porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), has recently been associated with acute outbreaks of wasting and encephalitis in nursing piglets from pig farms in southern québec and ontario, canada. the 3'-terminal end of the genome of the prototype hev-67n strain and that of the recent québec iaf-404 field isolate, both propagated in hrt-18 cells, were sequenced. overall, sequencing data indicated that hev has remained antigeni ... | 2002 | 12237422 |
| vaccination against hepatitis a virus may not be required for schoolchildren in northern india: results of a seroepidemiological survey. | to evaluate the current seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) in a sample of schoolchildren above 10 years of age and to determine the prevalence of hav-induced hepatitis in adults at a tertiary care hospital in northern india between january 1992 and december 2000. | 2002 | 12378291 |
| [the study of aggregate of the orf2 peptide of hepatitis e virus expressed in escherichia coli]. | a fragment of hepatitis e virus open reading frame-2(orf2), located from amino acid residues 394 to 604, was expressed in e. coli. the recombinant protein ne2 was found to form homodimer mostly in sds-page, which can be dissociated to monomers when treated with urea, and it was recognized more strongly in its dimeric form than the monomer by hev reactive human serum in western blotting. besides, many aggregated form of ne2 from dimer to at least hexamer can be seen in maldi-tof-ms. and when the ... | 2002 | 12385244 |
| immunity to hepatitis e virus: new insights and future challenges. | 2002 | 12385539 | |
| evidence for activation of cellular immune responses in patients with acute hepatitis e. | although acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is known to induce igm and igg humoral host immune responses, little is known about occurrence of cellular responses in this infection. we looked for evidence of lymphocyte sensitization to hev peptides in patients with acute hev infection. | 2002 | 12385543 |
| membrane fusion tropism and heterotypic functional activities of the nipah virus and hendra virus envelope glycoproteins. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are novel paramyxoviruses from pigs and horses, respectively, that are responsible for fatal zoonotic infections of humans. the unique genetic and biological characteristics of these emerging agents has led to their classification as the prototypic members of a new genus within the paramyxovirinae subfamily called henipavirus: these viruses are most closely related to members of the genus morbillivirus and infect cells through a ph-independent membrane fu ... | 2002 | 12388678 |
| [construction of specifically targeted chimeric hepatitis e virus dna vaccine and its efficacy assessment]. | to design chimeric dna vaccine targeted to antigen-presenting cells (apcs) with enhanced efficacy to induce immunization. | 2002 | 12390797 |
| identification of indigenous hepatitis e virus from a japanese patient who contracted sporadic acute hepatitis in 1982. | 2002 | 12404177 | |
| genetic characterization and sequence heterogeneity of a canadian isolate of swine hepatitis e virus. | swine hepatitis e virus (hev) is a newly identified potentially zoonotic agent that is possibly transmitted to humans from pigs. swine hev is prevalent in pig populations and does not cause abnormal clinical symptoms in infected pigs, further implicating a likelihood of a risk of transmission to humans by normal contact. to date in north america, only one strain of swine hev (strain us swine) has been fully sequenced. in the present study, we identified a swine hev isolate from pigs in canada, d ... | 2002 | 12409369 |
| heterogeneity and seroprevalence of a newly identified avian hepatitis e virus from chickens in the united states. | we recently identified and characterized a novel virus, designated avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev), from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (hs syndrome) in the united states. avian hev is genetically related to but distinct from human and swine hevs. to determine the extent of genetic variation and the seroprevalence of avian hev infection in chicken flocks, we genetically identified and characterized 11 additional avian hev isolates from chickens with hs syndrome and assessed th ... | 2002 | 12409397 |
| fulminant hepatitis e in japan. | 2002 | 12409557 | |
| spectrum of viral hepatitis in thalassemic children receiving multiple blood transfusions. | to investigate the prevalence of infection with hepatitis viruses in children with thalassemia receiving multiple blood transfusions. | 2002 | 12416747 |
| report of a collaborative study to assess the suitability of a reference reagent for antibodies to hepatitis e virus. | several commercial and "in-house" assays have been developed for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis e virus, a major causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis. as these kits contain a variety of synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins, greater standardisation is required. a collaborative study was therefore carried out to assess the suitability of a freeze dried preparation designated 95/584 to serve as a reference reagent for hepatitis e virus serum igg. preparat ... | 2002 | 11846429 |
| chimeric recombinant hepatitis e virus-like particles as an oral vaccine vehicle presenting foreign epitopes. | many viral and bacterial pathogens establish infections through mucosal surfaces in their initial stage. however, only a few nonreplicating molecules successfully induce strong mucosal immune reaction without the addition of adjuvants by oral administration. to overcome this difficulty, we investigated whether hepatitis e virus-like particles (hev-vlps) could be utilized as a carrier molecule for foreign antigenic epitopes and to stimulate mucosal immunity without the need for adjuvants. to acco ... | 2002 | 11886247 |
| detection by reverse transcription-pcr and genetic characterization of field isolates of swine hepatitis e virus from pigs in different geographic regions of the united states. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important public health concern in many developing countries. hev is also endemic in some industrialized counties, including the united states. with our recent discovery of swine hev in pigs that is genetically closely related to human hev, hepatitis e is now considered a zoonotic disease. human strains of hev are genetically heterogenic. so far in the united states, only one strain of swine hev has been identified and characterized from a pig. to determine the exte ... | 2002 | 11923352 |
| overview of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted virus usually presenting as an acute self-limiting disease. however, mortality increases dramatically from around 1% to 20% in pregnant women. hev has been the cause of very large outbreaks of hepatitis in developing countries and is also responsible for a significant number of sporadic cases. it is clear that cases occur outside the endemic areas, and new isolates have been identified. hev-like viruses have also been found in various animal ... | 2002 | 11927042 |
| the phosphorylated form of the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus interacts with its non-glycosylated form of the major capsid protein, orf2. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human rna virus containing three open reading frames. of these, orf1 encodes the viral nonstructural polyprotein; orf2 encodes the major capsid protein, which exists in a glycosylated and non-glycosylated form; and orf3 codes for a phosphoprotein of undefined function. using fluorescence-based colocalization, yeast two-hybrid experiments, transiently transfected cos-1 cell co-immunoprecipitation, and cell-free coupled transcription-translation techniques, we have sho ... | 2002 | 11934888 |
| prevalence study of antibody to ratborne pathogens and other agents among patients using a free clinic in downtown los angeles. | norway rats (rattus norvegicus) are hosts for various microbes. homeless people who have contact with rats may be at risk of infection by them. the los angeles county department of health services initiated a seroepidemiologic study among patients who used a free clinic in downtown los angeles; 200 serum specimens obtained for other routine assays were tested for antibodies to ratborne pathogens and other agents. the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus in this population was 13.6%; t ... | 2002 | 12447746 |
| evidence that rodents are a reservoir of hepatitis e virus for humans in nepal. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. sporadic autochthonous cases of hepatitis e have been reported recently in the united states and other industrialized countries. the source of hev infection in these cases is unknown; zoonotic transmission has been suggested. antibodies to hev have been detected in many animals in areas where hev is endemic and in domestic swine and rats in the united states. there is evidence supporting h ... | 2002 | 12454141 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid antigens derived from viruses of human and swine origin are equally efficient for detecting anti-hev by enzyme immunoassay. | the recombinant truncated orf2 (capsid) antigen derived from the meng strain of swine hepatitis e virus (hev) differs from that of the sar-55 strain of human hev by approximately 5% at the amino acid level. serial serum samples from two chimpanzees and six rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with hev were tested with one enzyme immunoassay (eia) based on the sar-55 antigen and with a second eia based on the meng antigen. we obtained 98% agreement (kappa = 0.952) by direct comparison. the virt ... | 2002 | 12454155 |
| etiopathogenesis of acute hepatic failure: eastern versus western countries. | etiopathogenesis of acute hepatic failure (ahf) in eastern and western countries is distinct. in the east hepatitis viruses cause ahf in more than 95% of such cases, while causes of ahf in the west are quite heterogenous. hepatitis e virus is the major etiological agent of ahf in countries like india where the virus is hyperendemic. occult hbv infection may also be causing ahf in a sizable proportion of cases in areas where chronic hbv infection frequency is high. paracetamol causes ahf in about ... | 2002 | 12472948 |
| a new enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibody to hepatitis e virus. | the purpose of the present study was to develop enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of igg anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) activity using two new recombinant proteins as antigenic targets, and to evaluate these eia with the aid of statistical methods. | 2002 | 12472964 |
| dna vaccination against hepatitis e virus infection in cynomolgus macaques. | : the feasibility of dna vaccination against hepatitis e in non-human primates has not been evaluated. in the present study a full-length hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame (orf)2 (burmese strain) was assembled, cloned, and used for genetic immunization of cynomolgus macaques (cynos), which were subsequently challenged with a heterologous hev strain (mexico). | 2002 | 12472965 |
| [hepatitis a and hepatitis e seroprevalence in adults in the ankara area]. | in this study, between the period of september 2000 to july 2001, hepatitis a virus (hav) igg antibodies and hepatitis e virus (hev) total (igg + igm) antibodies have been searched by using commercially provided enzyme immunoassay kits (axsym, abbott usa), in 1046 adults aged between 15-75 years old (mean age: 32.3 years), who were admitted to the outpatient clinics of internal medicine and infectious diseases department of ankara university medical school, with no acute hepatitis signs and symp ... | 2002 | 12476770 |
| hepatitis agents with enteric transmission--an epidemiological analysis. | viral hepatitis is characterized by special clinical, biochemical and serological findings. this study was planned to determine the seroprevalence, epidemiological characteristics and clinical and biochemical findings of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections during an outbreak of jaundice. | 2002 | 12478320 |
| [the effects of hepatitis e virus superinfection on patients with chronic hepatitis b: a clinico-pathological study]. | to observe the effect of hepatitis e virus (hev) superinfection on hepatic lesion and hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication in patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb). | 2002 | 12485528 |
| [vaccination of rhesus monkeys with recombinant antigen fragments and protection from hepatitis e virus infection]. | to observe anti-hev igg response to vaccination of recombinant antigen fragments and evaluate its protection from hepatitis e virus infection in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | 2002 | 12905686 |
| [hepatitis e in tourists to india]. | hepatitis e (he) is a serious problem in developing countries worldwide, affecting in epidemics or as sporadic cases millions of people. hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main cause of enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis, especially in tropic and subtropic areas. we presented two patients, our citizens who traveled to india, and contracted he. the source of infection was contaminated drinking water in both of them. the diagnosis of he was confirmed by the finding of anti-hev antibodies of ... | 2002 | 12619441 |
| musings on hev. | 2002 | 12833698 | |
| occurrence of hepatitis e virus igm, low avidity igg serum antibodies, and viremia in sporadic cases of non-a, -b, and -c acute hepatitis. | serum samples were taken from 57 patients with sporadic non-a, -b, and -c (non a, b, c) acute hepatitis at different times after onset of the disease and tested for the presence of the hepatitis e virus (hev) rna, igm, and low avidity igg antibodies. the viral antibodies were detected using two elisa. one assay (gl) was produced using a mixture of recombinant peptides specified by orf2 and orf3 of the viral genome. the other was produced with an orf2 specified peptide, pe2. the latter occurs nat ... | 2002 | 11748657 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies among danish prisoners and drug users. | injecting drug users and prisoners have high prevalences of antibodies to hepatitis a-c. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) in two danish high-risk populations and correlate anti-hev with risk factors for transmission. three hundred thirty male prisoners and 137 patients at a drug treatment center were tested for anti-hev with an in-house enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) utilizing antigens derived from open reading frame 2 (orf2). t ... | 2002 | 11748658 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the united states and other countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in many developing and some industrialized countries. it has been hypothesized that animals may be the source of infection. the recent identification of swine hev in u.s. pigs and the demonstration of its ability to infect across species have lent credence to this hypothesis. to assess the potential risk of zoonotic hev infection, we tested a total of 468 veterinarians working with swine (including 389 u.s. swine veterinarians) and 400 normal u.s. blood donors ... | 2002 | 11773103 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in haemodialysis patients: a case-control study in saudi arabia. | to determine the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus (igm anti-hev) among haemodialysis patients and evaluate whether there was an increased risk of infection and exposure to hev in an area of endemic viral hepatitis, serum samples obtained from 83 saudi patients on chronic haemodialysis (group 1), 400 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects (group 2) and hospital patients (group 3) were tested for the igm anti-hev and igg anti-hev. the prevalence of anti-hev among the patients (group 1) a ... | 2002 | 11793384 |
| use of a swine bioassay and a rt-pcr assay to assess the risk of transmission of swine hepatitis e virus in pigs. | the objective of this study was to assess the risk of transmission of swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev) to naïve pigs by inoculation with tissues or feces collected from pigs infected experimentally with swine hev. seventy-five, 3-week-old pigs were assigned randomly to 24 groups of 3-4 pigs and inoculated with homogenates of tissues (liver, heart, pancreas, or skeletal muscle) or a suspension of feces from swine hev-infected pigs collected at 3, 7, 14, 20, 27, or 55 days post inoculation (dpi ... | 2002 | 11849685 |
| development of a molecular method to identify hepatitis e virus in water. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes an infectious form of hepatitis associated with contaminated water. by analyzing the sequence of several hev isolates, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method was developed and optimized that should be able to identify all of the known hev strains. when tested under laboratory conditions, this method was able to detect low levels of five diverse hev variants. in addition, internal controls were constructed so that any pcr inhibition could be detect ... | 2002 | 11849696 |
| spread of hepatitis e virus among different-aged pigs: two-year survey in taiwan. | swine are reservoirs of hepatitis e virus (hev). in this study, a 2-year survey of hev in feces and sera of swine was conducted to determine if: 1) hev has circulated among pigs for some time in taiwan; 2) the spread of hev among different-aged pigs; and 3) there exists hev strains possibly imported through trading. from 1998-2000, 521 serum samples and 54 fecal specimens from pigs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. none of the 11 pigs in suckling stage (< 2 months ... | 2002 | 11857526 |
| human and swine hepatitis e viruses from western india belong to different genotypes. | hepatitis e is endemic in india. earlier, we showed prevalence of igg antibodies to hepatitis e virus (igg-anti-hev) in different animal species and inability of at least one human hepatitis e virus (hev) strain to infect pigs. in the us where hepatitis e is not endemic in humans, zoonotic spread of hev was suspected as swine and human hev were closely related and cross-species infection was documented. the present study attempts to identify and partially characterize swine hev from india. | 2002 | 11867187 |
| role of travel as a risk factor for hepatitis e virus infection in a disease-endemic area. | we undertook epidemiologic and laboratory studies during an epidemic of acute hepatitis in sindri town, in district dhanbad, bihar in 1998. | 2002 | 11871830 |
| [expression of thermal stable, soluble hepatitis e virus recombinant antigen]. | to obtain thermal stable, soluble, biologically active hepatitis e virus recombinant antigen using thioredoxin fusion expression system. | 2002 | 11986738 |
| [immunogenicity of recombinant hev orf2 protein expressed in pichia pastoris]. | to study to immunogenicity of recombinant hev orf2 protein expressed in pichia pastoris. | 2002 | 11986739 |
| [preliminary evidence that a hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 recombinant protein protects cynomolgus macaques against challenge with wild-type hev]. | to observe the protective effect of hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 recombinant protein expressed in prokaryote cell cynomolgus macaques (cynos) against challenging with wild-type hev. | 2002 | 11986741 |
| genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis e virus recovered from japanese patients with acute sporadic hepatitis. | the recent discovery of a presumably japan-indigenous hepatitis e virus (hev) strain (jra1) spurred analysis of additional isolates from 7 cases of acute sporadic hepatitis e infection. comparison of a 326-nucleotide region from open-reading frame 1 indicated that 1, 3, and 3 isolates segregated to genotypes i, iii, and iv, respectively. six patients had not traveled abroad recently. one patient had traveled to hawaii 1 month before becoming ill, and the nucleotide sequence of the hev isolate in ... | 2002 | 12001054 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis a and e virus infection in school children of an amazonian municipality in mato grosso state]. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a anti-hav total and e viruses anti-hev igg was assessed in 487 children ranging from 2 to 9 years old who were students of nurseries and public schools in a county of the amazonian region, in mato grosso state, brazil. the anti-hav and anti-hev prevalence were 86.4% (ci 95% 83 - 89.3) and 4.5% (ci95% 2.9 - 6.9), respectively. the anti-hav prevalence was high in all ages, suggesting that this is an area of high endemicity for hav infection. there was no ... | 2002 | 12011924 |
| [sero-epidemiological study of the hepatitis epidemic in mitrovica in the aftermath of the war in kosovo (1999)]. | in july 1999, after the return of the kosovar refugees to their country, an outbreak of acute hepatitis a (hav) and e (hev) occurred. epidemic hepatitis and diarrhoea are closely monitored communicable diseases which had been singled out as priorities by the health authorities of the former republic of yougoslavia. several field surveys were undertaken: description of reported cases, serological study of clinical patients, study of anti-hav seroprevalence in a school and a case control study to ... | 2002 | 12012960 |
| occupational risk for hepatitis a and hepatitis e among health care professionals? | since transmission routes of hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are believed to be similar, comparable risk factors and a correlation between the two seroprevalence rates may be assumed. | 2002 | 12018477 |
| [hepatitis e]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the second most frequent hepatotropic virus transmitted via fecal-oral route, following closely behind hepatitis a virus. the great epidemics of hepatitis described during the 50s and 60s, in india, were caused by this virus. epidemic bursts have also been described in central africa, latin america, middle east and in the independent republics of the ex-soviet union. the clinical features of the disease do not differ from those reported for other viral hepatitides. the ... | 2002 | 12045819 |
| [propagation of hepatitis e virus in an endemic and nonendemic regions]. | the role of hepatitis e (he) in sporadic morbidity at an endemic territory (southern uzbekistan) and the incidence of anti-hev in different populations of a nonendemic region (russia) were evaluated. antibodies to hev were detected in 22.1% of patients with acute he, including mixed infections (+ ha or hb), in the dekhkanabad district of kashkadarya region in 1993. the estimated incidence of acute he was 51.7 per 100,000 population. analysis of monthly incidence of acute he demonstrated a season ... | 2002 | 12046461 |
| hepatitis e: an overview. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is a non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded rna virus with icosahedral symmetry. although it is related to the alpha-virus superfamily, the hev is classified as a separate hepatitis e-like viruses genus. infection in humans occurs in sporadic and epidemic forms and can cause an acute, self-limited, icteric hepatitis. recent studies indicate the existence of a reservoir in animals. | 2002 | 12048035 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies among different groups in the amazonian basin. | 2002 | 12055819 | |
| reduced efficacy of hemorrhagic enteritis virus vaccine in turkeys exposed to avian pneumovirus. | avian pneumovirus (apv) is an immunosuppressive respiratory pathogen of turkeys. we examined the effect of apv infection on the vaccine efficacy of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) vaccines. apv was inoculated in 2-wk-old turkeys. two or four days later, an attenuated hev vaccine (hevp30) or marble spleen disease virus (msdv) vaccine were administered. virulent hev challenge was given 19 days after hev vaccination. apv exposure compromised the ability of hevp30 and msdv to protect turkeys again ... | 2002 | 12061644 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a and e viruses in pediatric age groups in turkey. | hepatitis a and hepatitis e are enteric transmitted viral diseases occurring in epidemic and sporadic forms especially in developing countries. previous studies in turkey showed that most residents are infected with hav by the second decade of life. since hev is generally transmitted by the same route as hav we conducted a community-based seroprevalence study for hav and hev infection in ahatli area in antalya, turkey where socioeconomic conditions are low. anti-hav total immunoglobulin was test ... | 2002 | 12073829 |
| open reading frame sequence of an asian enterovirus 73 strain reveals that the prototype from california is recombinant. | phylogenetic analysis within the vp1 region now enables molecular typing of enteroviruses consistent with neutralization results. three untypable isolates, 2776/82, 57/99 and 22/00, from korea, north india and bangladesh, respectively, showed within this region 98.0-99.0% amino acid identities. these were less than 77% to the previous enterovirus prototypes, but 91.5-92.5% to ca55-1988, the recently identified enterovirus 73 (ev73) prototype from california. all three strains were, however, most ... | 2002 | 12075091 |
| reevaluation of a north india isolate of hepatitis e virus based on the full-length genomic sequence obtained following long rt-pcr. | the genomic cloning and sequence of hepatitis e virus (hev) from an epidemic in north india is reported. we describe here a simple method wherein the viral rna was reverse transcribed and then amplified in a single step using an extra long polymerase chain reaction procedure. the full genome nucleotide sequence of this hev isolate (called yam-67) was made up of 7191 nucleotides, excepting the poly(a) tail and had three open reading frames: orf1 coding for 1693 amino acids (aa), orf2 coding for 6 ... | 2002 | 12076829 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based prevalence of hepatitis a, hepatitis e and tt viruses in sewage from an endemic area. | hepatitis a and e viruses (hav, hev) are transmitted enterically and are highly endemic in india. this study aims to evaluate prevalence of these and tt virus (ttv) in the sewage. | 2002 | 12076872 |
| changing scenario of hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus exposure among the primitive tribes of andaman and nicobar islands, india over the 10-year period 1989-99. | the andaman and nicobar islands, union territory of india, are home to six primitive tribes. studies carried out earlier among these tribes revealed very high rates of hepatitis b infection. we have now studied hepatitis a and e infection among them. a total of 951 serum samples were collected from four accessible tribes (nicobarese, shompens, onges and great andamanese) and tested for antibodies against hepatitis a and e viruses. in addition, 240 serum samples collected a decade earlier from ag ... | 2002 | 12081610 |
| clinical spectrum of acute sporadic hepatitis e and possible benefit of glycyrrhizin therapy. | the aim of the present study was to record the spectrum of sporadic hepatitis due to hepatitis e virus infection with special reference to moderate and severe liver disease, described as sub-acute hepatitis. further, efficacy of glycyrrhizin therapy was studied as an open trial. sixty-two consecutive patients were registered for the study. the clinical and laboratory profile of the patients was recorded on a preplanned proforma. moderate and severe hepatitis was arbitrarily defined on the basis ... | 2002 | 12084556 |
| prevalence, isolation, and partial sequence analysis of hepatitis e virus from domestic animals in china. | evidence that hepatitis e is zoonotic is accumulating. serum samples were collected from pigs, cattle, and goats from various regions of china to determine whether they had been infected with hepatitis e virus (hev). an in-house enzyme immunoassay (eia) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with primers from open reading frame (orf) 2 were used to detect anti-hev antibodies and hev rna. the mean positivity rates of anti-hev antibody for pigs and cattle were 78.8% and 6.3% ... | 2002 | 12115997 |
| identification of two distinct genotypes of hepatitis e virus in a japanese patient with acute hepatitis who had not travelled abroad. | two distinct hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates, designated he-ji3 and he-ji4, were identified in a single patient with acute hepatitis in japan, who had not travelled abroad. the hev load of he-ji3 at admission was 10(2) copies/ml, but that of he-ji4 was tenfold higher at 10(3) copies/ml. the viraemia of he-ji4 persisted for up to 16 days from admission, whereas he-ji3 disappeared at 9 days after admission. the entire nucleotide sequence of the he-ji4 isolate and partial nucleotide sequences of o ... | 2002 | 12124457 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody in pregnant women of karachi. | this study was aimed at determining the prevalence of hev in karachi. | 2001 | 11873396 |
| functional expression and membrane fusion tropism of the envelope glycoproteins of hendra virus. | hendra virus (hev) is an emerging paramyxovirus first isolated from cases of severe respiratory disease that fatally affected both horses and humans. understanding the mechanisms of host cell infection and cross-species transmission is an important step in addressing the risk posed by such emerging pathogens. we have initiated studies to characterize the biological properties of the hev envelope glycoproteins. recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding the hev f and g open reading frames were generat ... | 2001 | 11882997 |
| determination of the nucleotide sequences at the extreme 5' and 3' ends of swine hepatitis e virus genome. | the nucleotide sequences at the extreme 5' and 3' ends of swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev) genome were determined, and genomic sequence of swine hev is now complete. sequence analysis revealed that the 3' and 5' non-coding regions (ncrs) of swine hev are closely related to that of the us-1 and us-2 strains of human hev. like the two u.s. strains of human hev, an extra g residue immediately proceeding the poly(a) tail was identified in swine hev. the 5' ncr of swine hev also differed from many ... | 2001 | 11811693 |
| spread of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) in the cns of rats inoculated by intranasal route. | 2001 | 11774456 | |
| infection of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) at the visual pathways of rats. | 2001 | 11774460 | |
| the ccr7 ligand elc (ccl19) is transcytosed in high endothelial venules and mediates t cell recruitment. | lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid tissue is defined by a multistep sequence of interactions between lymphocytes and endothelial cells in high endothelial venules (hevs). after initial selectin-mediated tethering and rolling, firm adhesion of lymphocytes requires rapid upregulation of lymphocyte integrin adhesiveness. this step is mediated in part by the hev-derived chemokine slc (secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine, or ccl21) that binds to the cc chemokine receptor (ccr)7 on lymphocytes. h ... | 2001 | 11342595 |
| hepatitis e: review of a disease endemic in pakistan. | hepatitis e is enterically transmitted causing a self-limiting illness similar to hepatitis a. however, unlike hepatitis a, immunity to hepatitis e is not life long, hepatitis e is a disease of developing nations with improper sewage disposal and unclean water supplies. it is thought to be the most common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in pakistan, where it has also caused major epidemics. hepatitis e causes a mild self-limiting illness with no long-term sequelae. however, it is especially se ... | 2001 | 11759503 |
| [development of a diagnostic kit of enzyme-linked immunoassay for detecting serum anti-hepatitis e virus igg]. | to develop a diagnostic kit for detecting serum anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg with enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa). | 2001 | 11769630 |
| sero-prevalence and mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis e virus among pregnant women in the united arab emirates. | (1) to study the prevalence of hev infection in a cohort of pregnant women in the united arab emirates (uae). (2) the rate of mother-to-infant transmission. | 2001 | 11728649 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaccine prepared from 53 kda truncated hepatitis e virus capsid protein expressed in insect cells. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted virus that causes acute hepatitis. expression of recombinant hev capsid protein in insect cells results in two major proteolytically-processed products of 56 and 53kda which consist of amino acids (aa) 112-607 and 112-578, respectively. the only neutralization epitope identified to date is located at least partially between amino acids 578 and 607 meaning it should be present only in the 56 and not in the 53kda protein. previously, it was sho ... | 2001 | 11738749 |
| hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence among persons who work with swine. | prevalence of antibody and risk factors to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection were determined in a cross-sectional study of 2 group-matched populations: swine farmers (n=264) and persons without occupational exposure to swine (n=255) in moldova, a country without reported cases of hepatitis e. the prevalence of hev infection was higher among swine farmers than among the comparison group (51.1% vs. 24.7%; prevalence ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.62-2.64). in multivariate analysis, h ... | 2001 | 11740735 |
| analysis of the complete genome of indigenous swine hepatitis e virus isolated in japan. | using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from well-conserved genomic areas among all four hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes (i-iv), the hev sequence was identified in serum samples obtained from 3 (3%) out of 95 60- to 90-day-old pigs in japan and characterized molecularly. in the partial sequence of open reading frame (orf) 2 of 421 nucleotides, the three swine isolates (swj570, swj681, and swj791) showed the highest similarity of 83-87% to genotype iii hev rep ... | 2001 | 11741279 |
| recombinant hepatitis e virus genomes infectious for primates: importance of capping and discovery of a cis-reactive element. | hepatitis e virus recombinant genomes transcribed in vitro from two cdna clones differing by two nucleotides were infectious for chimpanzees. however, one cdna clone encoded a virus that was attenuated for chimpanzees and unable to infect rhesus monkeys. the second cdna clone encoded a virus that infected both chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys and caused acute hepatitis in both. one mutation differentiating the two clones identified a cis-reactive element that appeared to overlap the 3' end of the ... | 2001 | 11742081 |
| partial sequence analysis of indigenous hepatitis e virus isolated in the united kingdom. | the first nucleotide sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) acquired in the united kingdom are described. the sequences are novel and are related most closely to hev isolated from greece (greece 2 strain), consistent with their having been derived from an indigenous european virus. hev was assumed until recently to be rare in the united kingdom and other industrialised countries and, consequently, hepatitis e may be under-diagnosed in industrialised countries. | 2001 | 11745935 |
| hepatitis e virus sequences in swine related to sequences in humans, the netherlands. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a major cause of viral hepatitis in much of the developing world, has recently been detected in swine in north america and asia, raising concern about potential for zoonotic transmission. to investigate if hev is commonly present in swine in the netherlands, pooled stool samples from 115 swine farms and nine individual pigs with diarrhea were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification. hev rna was detected by rt-pcr and hybridizatio ... | 2001 | 11747723 |
| rapid production of recombinant allergens in nicotiana benthamiana and their impact on diagnosis and therapy. | type i allergies are immunological disorders that afflict a quarter of the world's population. recombinant allergens have improved the diagnosis of allergic diseases and allow the formulation of new therapeutic approaches. over 50% of all allergens are of plant origin. | 2001 | 11306923 |
| a review of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of viral hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries but is infrequent in industrialized countries. the virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route with fecally contaminated drinking water being the usual vehicle. hepatitis resulting from hev infection is a moderately severe jaundice that is self-limiting in most patients. young adults, 15 to 30 years of age, are the main targets of infection, and the overall death rat ... | 2001 | 11307901 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection in albania]. | acute hev in albania make up 35.7% of acute non a-non b hepatitis and 2.4% of all acute viral hepatitis cases, affecting women more with a 2:1 ratio, and are described more frequently in adults (73.3%) older than 35 years. in the general population (control group), the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies increases progressively with age, from 1.2% in the younger than 9 years, to 17.7% among the over 60, in general the average is of 9.7%. a statistical comparison of anti-hev antibodies in healthy p ... | 2001 | 11313227 |
| molecular characterization of menangle virus, a novel paramyxovirus which infects pigs, fruit bats, and humans. | menangle virus (menv), isolated in august 1997 following an outbreak of reproductive disease in a piggery in new south wales, is the second previously unclassified member of the family paramyxoviridae to be identified in australia since 1994. similar to hendra virus (hev), menv appears to be a virus of fruit bats (flying foxes) in the genus pteropus. no serological cross-reactivity was detected between menv and other known paramyxoviruses and to facilitate virus classification a cdna subtraction ... | 2001 | 11336561 |
| hepatitis c and cirrhotic liver disease in the nile delta of egypt: a community-based study. | residents of egypt's nile river delta have among the world's highest seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. to assess the impact of hcv on chronic liver disease, we studied the association between hcv, other hepatitis viruses, and cirrhotic liver disease in a cross-sectional, community-based survey of 801 persons aged > or = 10 years living in a semi-urban, nile delta village. residents were systematically sampled using questionnaires, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonograph ... | 2001 | 11442209 |
| characterization of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the native hexon of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | the structure of the icosahedral adenovirus capsid is highly conserved among adenoviridae. in its native form, the hexon is the major capsid protein. the nascent hexon requires the 100 kda folding protein to fold into its native, trimeric form. the hexon and 100 kda folding protein were co-expressed in a fowlpox virus (fpv) vector and in the recombinant fpvs (rfpvs) in which the hexon and 100 kda folding protein genes are cloned head to tail, the native hexon could be detected with indirect immu ... | 2001 | 11450954 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e in urban and rural india (1982-98). | the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) was assessed among age-stratified urban high socioeconomic, lower middle socioeconomic status and rural populations from western india in 1998. when compared with previous surveys, a clear shift from high to intermediate endemicity of hav was evident only for higher socioeconomic population (1982-98), raising the possibility of outbreaks of hepatitis a in this category. a decrease in anti-hav positivity was noted in rural ch ... | 2001 | 11454182 |
| [acute hepatitis caused by virus a, e and non a-e in chilean adults]. | sanitary and socioeconomic changes and the identification of new causative virus, have changed the epidemiology of hepatitis in chile. | 2001 | 11464534 |
| human enteric viruses in coquina clams associated with a large hepatitis a outbreak. | an outbreak of hepatitis a, affecting 183 people, occurred in valencia (spain). epidemiological evidence pointed to an association of the outbreak with consumption of coquina clams (donax sp), imported frozen from peru. shellfish were analysed for the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav), enteroviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses and hepatitis e virus. hav was detected in 75% of assayed shellfish samples. other enteric viruses were occasionally found in the same samples. molecular e ... | 2001 | 11464770 |
| the full-length and n-terminal deletion of orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus can dimerize. | hepatitis e virus is a human rna virus containing three open reading frames. of these orf2 encodes, the major capsid protein (porf2), may possess regulatory functions, in addition to a structural one. in this study, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro immobilization experiments that full-length porf2 is capable of self-association, thus forming a homodimer. using mutational analysis we have studied dimerization of various truncated versions of the orf2 capsid protein usi ... | 2001 | 11485331 |
| full-genome nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis e virus strain that may be indigenous to japan. | we identified hepatitis e virus (hev) rna in serum from a japanese patient with acute hepatitis, who had never been abroad. the full-genome nucleotide sequence of the hev isolate (jra1) from this patient was composed of 7227 nucleotides excepting the poly(a) tail and had orf1 coding for 1703 amino acids (aa), orf2 coding for 660 aa, and orf3 coding for 122 aa. this japanese strain showed approximately 87% nucleotide similarity to human and swine strains reported from the united states, while it ... | 2001 | 11504536 |
| perspectives of vaccination against hepatitis e. | hepatitis e, an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, accounts for more than 50% of acute viral hepatitis in young adults in developing countries with a 20-30% mortality rate among infected pregnant women primarily those in their third trimester. the development of inactivated or live attenuated virus vaccine has been hampered because this virus does not replicate efficiently in cell culture. a vaccine has been developed by an alternative approach through recombinant technology. ... | 2001 | 11509877 |
| direct exposure to animal enteric pathogens. | humans have very close interactions with working, food-producing, and companion animals. according to the american veterinary medical association, there are more than one hundred million cat and dog pets in the united states. furthermore, non-traditional pets like reptiles and exotic birds are not unusual companion animals in households. in addition to sharing with animals our living and/or working space and time, we also share, unfortunately, many disease causing microorganisms. in the past few ... | 2001 | 11512628 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of nipah virus isolates from malaysia. | we have completely sequenced the genomes of two nipah virus (niv) isolates, one from the throat secretion and the other from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of the sole surviving encephalitic patient with positive csf virus isolation in malaysia. the two genomes have 18246 nucleotides each and differ by only 4 nucleotides. the niv genome is 12 nucleotides longer than the hendra virus (hev) genome and both genomes have identical leader and trailer sequence lengths and hexamer-phasing positions for ... | 2001 | 11514724 |
| the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus binds to src homology 3 domains and activates mapk. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e, an acute form of viral hepatitis. the biology and pathogenesis of hev remain poorly understood. we have used in vitro binding assays to show that the hev orf3 protein (porf3) binds to a number of cellular signal transduction pathway proteins. this includes the protein tyrosine kinases src, hck, and fyn, the p85alpha regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase cgamma, and the adaptor protein grb2. a yeast tw ... | 2001 | 11518702 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection: epidemiology and prevention]. | 2001 | 11521106 | |
| evidence of extrahepatic sites of replication of the hepatitis e virus in a swine model. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in many developing countries and is also endemic in many industrialized countries. due to the lack of an effective cell culture system and a practical animal model, the mechanisms of hev pathogenesis and replication are poorly understood. our recent identification of swine hev from pigs affords us an opportunity to systematically study hev replication and pathogenesis in a swine model. in an early study, ... | 2001 | 11526125 |
| problems and prevention of viral hepatitis in thailand. | to this day, viral hepatitis remains a major public health problem in thailand. chronic infection with hepatitis b and c viruses are the leading causes of chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). outbreaks of hepatitis a virus continue to occur in thailand, even after several years of consistently declining prevalence rates. also, the reduction in prevalence of hepatitis d virus infection has been observed among intravenous drug users over the past decade. ... | 2001 | 11529332 |
| genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been considered a disease associated with developing regions and attributed to oral-fecal transmission due to inadequate sanitation. several recent findings, however, have led to a new understanding of this virus. a number of novel isolates have been identified in patients with acute hepatitis from regions not considered endemic for hev, and these individuals reported no recent travel to hev endemic areas. in addition, a number of hev-like sequences have als ... | 2001 | 11536234 |
| identification of the 5' terminal sequence of the sar-55 and mex-14 strains of hepatitis e virus and confirmation that the genome is capped. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a nonenveloped virus with a genome of single-stranded, positive-sense rna. the 5' terminal sequence of two hev strains (sar-55 and mex-14) was determined by a 5' rna ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method designed to select capped rnas. the 5' noncoding region of the sar-55 and mex-14 strains were amplified, confirming that the genomic rna of hev is capped. the 5' noncoding region of the sar-55 strain had 25 nucleotides, which is two less than r ... | 2001 | 11536235 |
| development of a fluorogenic rt-pcr assay (taqman) for the detection of hendra virus. | a rapid and sensitive one-tube rt-pcr assay using a fluorogenic (taqman) probe was developed to improve the diagnosis of hendra virus (hev) infection. the taqman assay was developed to rapidly and specifically identify hendra virus. the sensitivity of the new taqman-based pcr assay compared favourably with conventional rt-pcr. the major advantage of the taqman-based assay was the speed of diagnosis with results available within minutes of completing the pcr, and within 4 h of receiving the speci ... | 2001 | 11543882 |
| [gbv-c/hgv, a new virus as one possible cause of hepatitis of unknown etiology]. | for etiologically obscure (some 4%) viral hepatitis agents are sought and tested to make elucidation of their cause possible. one of the candidates is since 1995 the newly discovered virus gbv-c/hgv. despite intense research its relationship to viral hepatitis of obscure origin (vhn) has not been elucidated so far. in the submitted paper the authors attempted to contribute to the elucidation of etiological associations of gbv-c/hgv infection and vhn by comparing the dynamics of markers of the in ... | 2001 | 11550417 |
| genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis e virus from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states. | hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome is an emerging disease in chickens in north america; the cause of this disease is unknown. in this study, the genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated from bile samples of chickens with hs syndrome is reported. based upon the similar genomic organization and significant sequence identity of this virus with hev, the virus has been tentatively named avian hev in order to distinguish it from h ... | 2001 | 11562538 |
| detection and characterisation of swine hepatitis e virus in new zealand. | the objectives of the present study were to establish the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in new zealand pigs, first by testing for hev antibody in pig herds throughout new zealand to measure the herd prevalence, then by attempting to amplify hev genomic sequences by pcr. antibody was measured by two independently designed elisa serology tests. hev rna fragments were amplified by rt-pcr of nucleic acid extracted from faeces of 10-12-week-old piglets using primers targeting orf1, orf2, and or ... | 2001 | 11596088 |
| recombinant vaccines for hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus causes epidemics of acute hepatitis in many developing countries. it infrequently causes disease in developed countries, but avirulent strains might circulate. some evidence suggests that hepatitis e might be a zoonosis. there is probably only a single serotype. a candidate vaccine consisting of baculovirus-expressed recombinant capsid protein protected macaques from hepatitis e--it passed phase i clinical trials and is currently scheduled for phase ii/iii clinical trials. | 2001 | 11597521 |
| age-specific seroepidemiology of hepatitis a, b, and e infections among children in istanbul, turkey. | this study was performed for evaluation of seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, and e among children in istanbul, turkey. the study group included 909 children who were 6 months-15 years of age. the children were separated to three age groups: group 1 (6 months-4.9 years; n = 321), group 2 (5.0-9.9 years; n = 318), and group 3 (10.0-15.0 years; n = 270). group i was divided to two subgroups for evaluation of the maternal antibody sera (6 months-2 years and over 2 years). serum igg anti-hav, anti-hb ... | 2001 | 11599687 |