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human and animal isolates of pseudallescheria boydii and scedosporium species, from melbourne, australia, 1977-1995.from 1977 to 1995, 25 of the fungal cultures referred to the microbiological diagnostic unit public health laboratory at the university of melbourne, victoria, australia were identified as scedosporium apiospermum, pseudallescheria boydii, or scedosporium prolificans. these cultures had been isolated from 22 patients at metropolitan hospitals and three animals at veterinary institutes. eight of the human isolates were identified as p. boydii, 11 as s. apiospermum and three as s. prolificans. iso ...201020492531
n(α)-methyl coprogen b, a potential marker of the airway colonization by scedosporium apiospermum in patients with cystic fibrosis.scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging pathogen colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). while usually responsible for chronic colonization without clinical signs, this fungus may cause severe and often lethal infections in lung transplant recipients. early diagnosis of its airway colonization and appropriate treatment are required to eradicate the fungus when a lung transplantation is planned. here we propose an alternative to mycological examination of sputum samples base ...201021067336
economic considerations in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis: a review of voriconazole pharmacoeconomic studies.invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening fungal infection predominately affecting immunocompromised individuals. the incidence of inpatient-treated aspergillosis cases in the us is estimated to be between 3.02 and 3.80 per 10,000 hospitalized patients. the estimated difference in hospital costs of patients with an aspergillosis infection is us$36,867 to us$59,356 higher than those of patients without the infection. voriconazole is a synthetic, broad spectrum triazole antifungal agent, with f ...200921935305
cutaneous and systemic infection with scedosporium apiospermum.we present a case of cutaneous and systemic infection with scedosporium apiospermum occurring in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. scedosporium apiospermum is a rare cause of systemic mycosis but is associated with a high rate of mortality in immunocompromised hosts. because the patient presented in an advanced state of infection, supportive measures were unsuccessful and definitive diagnosis could not be made until postmortem examination. we discuss the presentation, pathology, diagn ...200920099621
scedosporium apiospermum septicemia following a wedge excision of an ingrown toenail. 200919775413
tracking the emerging human pathogen pseudallescheria boydii by using highly specific monoclonal antibodies.pseudallescheria boydii has long been known to cause white grain mycetoma in immunocompetent humans, but it has recently emerged as an opportunistic pathogen of humans, causing potentially fatal invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals and evacuees of natural disasters, such as tsunamis and hurricanes. the diagnosis of p. boydii is problematic since it exhibits morphological characteristics similar to those of other hyaline fungi that cause infectious diseases, such as aspergillus fu ...200919321690
tricuspid valve and pacemaker endocarditis due to pseudallescheria boydii (scedosporium apiospermum).we report a case of native valve and pacemaker endocarditis in a 78-year-old male with diabetes mellitus who died after cardiac surgery. at autopsy, tricuspid valve vegetations and lung abscesses containing thick, hyaline, septate, and branching hyphae were present. the culture identified scedosporium apiospermum, an infrequent cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts.200919373137
antifungal activity against scedosporium species and novel assays to assess antifungal pharmacodynamics against filamentous fungi.the saprophytic moulds scedosporium prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum/pseudallescheria boydii are an increasing cause of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts. the growing importance and high mortality rates of invasive disease caused by these fungi necessitates the search for newer treatment strategies. however, clinically available antifungal agents have modest to minimal activity against these organisms that has been confirmed by suboptimal responses in the clinic. due ...200919058049
ecology of pseudallescheria and scedosporium species in human-dominated and natural environments and their distribution in clinical samples.this study aims to determine the occurrence of pseudallescheria and scedosporium species in natural and human-dominated environments. habitats (136 sampling sites) in a transect with increasing human impact were investigated (natural areas, agricultural soils, urban playgrounds, industrial areas). physico-chemical parameters were measured to characterize the different areas included in this investigation. fungal identification was performed by morphology and sequence data analysis. comparative d ...200919085459
detection of (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan as an adjunct to diagnosis in a mixed population with uncommon proven invasive fungal diseases or with an unusual clinical presentation.this single-center observational prospective study evaluated the performance of (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan as an adjunct diagnostic tool in 12 patients with proven invasive fungal disease with different risk factors. the infections were due to either uncommon fungal pathogens such as dematiaceous molds (scedosporium apiospermum, alternaria infectoria, and cladosporium macrocarpum) and hyaline septate molds (fusarium solani and blastoschizomyces capitatus) or aspergillus spp. with unusual clinical pre ...200919158282
activity profile in vitro of micafungin against spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.a collection of 2,278 isolates belonging to 86 different fungal species was tested with micafungin and eight other drugs using the eucast procedures. micafungin was active against species of candida and aspergillus (even azole-resistant species) as well as penicillium spp., scedosporium apiospermum, and acremonium spp. it was inactive for species of basidiomycota and mucorales and for multiresistant species such as those of fusarium.200919223630
host immune response against scedosporium species.scedosporium apiospermum and scedosporium prolificans cause therapy-refractory infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. while innate immune response is believed to be critical for the host defense against these fungi, its role has only recently been elucidated. undefined pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the surface of conidia and hyphae are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) on the membrane of phagocytes, and the signal is transmitted intracellularly. p ...200919184770
scedosporium apiospermum skeletal infection in an immunocompetent child.abstract this is a case of scedosporium apiospermum skeletal infection in a 10-year-old immunocompetent girl whose chief complaint was left knee swelling and pain. the child had a history of a bicycle accident two months before with a resultant deep penetrating trauma. systematic administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics for 10 days was used, with no clinical improvement. magnetic resonance imaging and arthrotomy of the affected joint revealed findings suggestive of osteomyelitis. empirical i ...200919191169
biochemical characterization of potential virulence markers in the human fungal pathogen pseudallescheria boydii.the ubiquitous pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph scedosporium apiospermum) is a saprophytic filamentous fungus recognized as a potent etiologic agent of a wide variety of infections in immunocompromised as well as in immunocompetent patients. very little is known about the virulence factors expressed by this fungal pathogen. the present review provides an overview of recent discoveries related to the identification and biochemical characterization of potential virulence attributes produced by p. ...200919235547
case of cutaneous scedosporium apiospermum infection successfully treated with voriconazole.we report a case of cutaneous infection due to scedosporium apiospermum in a 75-year-old immunocompromised male patient who had received long-term corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. the patient came to our department complaining of erythema with a number of pustules on the dorsal surface of the right hand. s. apiospermum was identified from a culture taken from the pus. after unsuccessful treatment with topical ketoconazole, oral itraconazole an ...200919284454
successful salvage treatment of scedosporium apiospermum keratitis with topical voriconazole after failure of natamycin.to report successful management of scedosporium apiospermum (previously known as monosporium apiospermum) keratitis with topical voriconazole as monotherapy.200919435962
population-based surveillance for scedosporiosis in australia: epidemiology, disease manifestations and emergence of scedosporium aurantiacum infection.australia-wide population-based surveillance for scedosporiosis identified 180 cases, with 118 (65.6%) cases of colonization and 62 (34.4%) cases of infection. predisposing factors for isolation of scedosporium spp. included chronic lung disease in 37.8% and malignancy in 21.7% of cases. predictors of invasive disease (n=62) included haematological stem cell transplantation (n=7), leukaemia (n=16) and diabetes mellitus (n=8). of 183 phenotypically-speciated isolates, 75 (41%) were scedosporium p ...200919549223
hydroxamate siderophores of scedosporium apiospermum.scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging pathogen colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis and causing severe infections in immunocompromised hosts. in order to improve our knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms of this fungus, we investigated the production of siderophores. cultivation on cas medium and specific assays for different classes of siderophores suggested the secretion of hydroxamates. a maximal production was obtained by cultivation of the fungus at alkaline ph in an i ...200919597710
otomycosis: a retrospective study.otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external ear canal with only a few studies about its real frequency in brazil.200919649486
[scedosporium apiospermum rhinosinusal infection in an immunocompetent host].scedosporium species can cause colonization, superficial and deep localized infection or systemic disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts. we report a case of localized infection due to scedosporium apiospermum in a 47 year old woman, with previous nasal surgery. she consulted for recurrent mucopurulent post-nasal discharge not responding to antibiotics. computed tomography showed opacification of right maxillary sinus. surgery was performed to removed abnormal tissue from sinus; biopsy r ...200919915757
occurrence and relevance of filamentous fungi in respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis--a review.the colonization of airways by filamentous fungi and the development of respiratory infections require some predisposing factors as encountered in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). indeed, the defective mucociliary clearance which characterizes the disease is associated with local immunological disorders. in addition, the prolonged therapy with antibiotics and the use of corticosteroid treatments also facilitate fungal growth. an important fungal biota has been described in respiratory secreti ...200919107638
osteomyelitis and discospondylitis due to scedosporium apiospermum in a dog.a 6-year-old, 30-kg, female german shepherd dog, living in a leishmaniasis enzootic area, was presented with a severe rear limb motor disorder and a medical history of acute onset of fever. routine hematology indicated neutrophilia. spinal survey radiographs were consistent with osteomyelitis and discospondylitis. because of the poor clinical prognosis and the painful nature of the lesions, the dog was euthanized at the owners' request. at necropsy, t13-l1 vertebrae had large areas of necrosis w ...200919139512
primary cutaneous infection with scedosporium apiospermum successfully treated with voriconazole.summary we describe a 61-year-old male patient with a history of long-term corticosteroid treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who developed subcutaneous nodules on his right forearm. histopathologic examination showed large epitheloid cell granulomas with multinuclear giant cells that contained hyphae within their cytoplasm. microbiological testing of biopsies revealed an infection with scedosporium apiospermum with resistance to common antifungal agents like fluconazole, itraco ...200919925568
scedosporium apiospermum: an emerging opportunistic pathogen that must be distinguished from aspergillus and other hyalohyphomycetes.we report a case of cutaneous scedosporium apiospermum infection in an immunocompromised host. s.apiospermum is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, especially in organ transplant recipients. prompt identification is critical because of its resistance to most antifungal drugs. its histopathologic features are indistinct and overlap with those of more commonly recognized hyalohyphomycetes such as aspergillus species. cultures from infected tissue are generally required for correct identification. ...200919775393
pseudallescheria boydii (scedosporium species) in 3 lung transplant recipients: computed tomography findings and literature review.objective: the objective of our study was to evaluate chest computed tomography (ct) findings in 3 lung transplant recipients infected with pseudallescheria boydii complex or its asexual anamorph, scedosporium apiospermum, 2 after double-lung transplant and 1 after single-lung transplantation. awareness and early diagnosis of this rare but potentially lethal infection are important, as it is largely refractory to treatment with the antifungal agents of choice used for the more common aspergillus ...200919346854
voriconazole: a broad-spectrum triazole for the treatment of invasive fungal infections.over the last 20 years, the frequency of life-threatening, invasive fungal infections has risen dramatically, corresponding to an increase in the number of immunocompromised patients. thus, the development of newer, better tolerated, more effective antifungal drugs has become critically important. voriconazole was the first second-generation triazole to be approved by the us fda and the emea, both in 2002. voriconazole is currently approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, candidemia ...200921082966
isolation and characterisation of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degrading fungi from a historically contaminated soil.abstract:200919138404
emergence of scedosporium apiospermum in patients with cystic fibrosis. 200921687279
scedosporium apiospermum pacemaker endocarditis.a patient developed a fungal pacemaker infection with scedosporium apiospermum following a series of pacemaker manipulations. despite percutaneous removal of the pacemaker system and subsequent operative extraction of the atrial thrombus, his course was complicated by persistent sepsis, pulmonary septic emboli and bilateral frontal lobe infarction, following which treatment was withdrawn.200917931723
proteins and peptidases from conidia and mycelia of scedosporium apiospermum strain hlpb.the conidia-mycelia transformation is an essential step during the life cycle of the fungal human pathogens of the pseudallescheria boydii complex. in the present study, we have analyzed the protein and peptidase profiles in two distinct morphological stages, conidia and mycelia, of scedosporium apiospermum sensu stricto. proteins synthesized by the mycelia, migrating at the ranges of 62-48 and 22-18 kda, were not detected from the conidial extract. conidia produced a single cellular peptidase o ...200918726166
evaluating the resistance to posaconazole by e-test and clsi broth microdilution methodologies of candida spp. and pathogenic moulds.e-test methodology was compared with clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution, particularly concerning the detection of resistance to posaconazole among clinical fungal isolates. the susceptibility of a large set of fungal strains (n = 300) was evaluated following 24 and 48 h in two different culture media (rpmi 1640 and sabouraud agar). fungal strains were highly susceptible to posaconazole; however, few less susceptible strains were found, mostly regarding candida ...200919350293
recurrent scedosporium apiospermum skin infection in a renal transplant recipient. 200918384549
different virulence of the species of the pseudallescheria boydii complex.pseudallescheria boydii sensu lato is a complex of species involved in severe human infections. we have evaluated, using a murine model, the virulence of 2 strains of each of the most representative species of the complex, i.e., p. boydii sensu stricto, p. minutispora, scedosporium apiospermum, s. aurantiacum and s. dehoogii. we used two different inocula, i.e., 5 x 10(4) conidia/ml (for immunosuppressed animals) and 1 x 10(6) conidia/ml (for immunocompetent animals), which were administered int ...200918651312
pseudallescheria boydii brain abscess in a renal transplant recipient: first case report in southeast asia.pseudallescheria boydii and its asexual form, scedosporium apiospermum, are ubiquitous filamentous fungi that rarely cause central nervous system (cns) infection. brain abscess caused by p. boydii is a highly lethal infection, usually seen in organ transplant recipients who receive a number of immunosuppressive agents. we have presented a case of a 48-year-old man 6 years after renal transplantation who received methylprednisolone followed by antithymocyte globulin for treatment of acute cellula ...200818790255
[case of scedosporium apiospermum cutaneous soft tissue infection treated with voriconazole].a 69-year-old man treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents for acutely exacerbated interstitial pneumonia was found to have an ingrown nail in the left big toe and that suppurated despite treatment by dermatologists. culture of the pus expressed from the toe yielded scedosporium apiospermum. the patient suffered liver dysfunction a few days later when treated with intravenous voriconazole (vrcz), which was discontinued due to the high plasma vrcz concentration. discrete erythema ...200818411765
development of a novel pcr assay for the identification of the black yeast, exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf).cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may suffer increased morbidity and mortality through colonisation, allergy and invasive infection from fungi. the black yeast, exophiala dermatitidis (synonym wangiella dermatitidis) has been found with increasing frequency in sputum specimens of cf patients, with reported isolation rates ranging from 1.1 to 15.7%. at present, no diagnostic pcr exists to aid with the clinical laboratory detection and identification of this organism. a novel species-specific pcr-base ...200818571996
unusual pharmacokinetics of intravitreal and systemic voriconazole in a patient with scedosporium apiospermum endophthalmitis.in this paper, we report a case of a post-traumatic scedosporium endophthalmitis treated with a posterior vitrectomy, followed by intravitreal injections and systemic voriconazole. this is the second documented case of s. apiospermum endophthalmitis treated with voriconazole and the first case with intravitreal injections of voriconazole. a 29-year-old man developed endophthalmitis after being struck in the left eye by a chip from a swimming pool pump. despite 3 weeks of prophylactic antibiother ...200818370878
efficacy of voriconazole for scedosporium apiospermum skull base osteomyelitis: case report and literature review. 200818083011
[a case of scedosporium apiospermum keratitis confirmed by a molecular genetic method].a 54-yr-old male, who was treated by chemotherapy for gastric cancer 15 months ago, presented to yongdong severance hospital, seoul, with complaints of pain in his right eye caused by a foreign body from the ground in the previous week. he had been treated with topical and oral antibacterial in addition to antifungal agents, but did not show significant clinical improvement. after a positive corneal culture with mold, topical amphotericin b was added to the initial regimen. the mold was identifi ...200818728381
in vitro activities of 35 double combinations of antifungal agents against scedosporium apiospermum and scedosporium prolificans.activities of 35 combinations of antifungal agents against scedosporium spp. were analyzed by a checkerboard microdilution design and the summation of fractional concentration index. an average indifferent effect was detected apart from combinations of azole agents and echinocandins against scedosporium apiospermum. antagonism was absent for all antifungal combinations against both species.200818195067
infections caused by scedosporium spp.scedosporium spp. are increasingly recognized as causes of resistant life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. scedosporium spp. also cause a wide spectrum of conditions, including mycetoma, saprobic involvement and colonization of the airways, sinopulmonary infections, extrapulmonary localized infections, and disseminated infections. invasive scedosporium infections are also associated with central nervous infection following near-drowning accidents. the most common sites of in ...200818202441
molecular and phenotypic data supporting distinct species statuses for scedosporium apiospermum and pseudallescheria boydii and the proposed new species scedosporium dehoogii.based on the morphological, physiologic, and molecular (beta-tubulin gene) study of 141 isolates of the pseudallescheria boydii species complex (including several synonyms) and relatives, the new species scedosporium dehoogii is proposed. scedosporium apiospermum and p. boydii are considered two different species and the new name scedosporium boydii is proposed for the anamorph of the latter species. a summary of the key morphological and physiological features for distinguishing the species of ...200818077629
in vitro antifungal activities of isavuconazole (bal4815), voriconazole, and fluconazole against 1,007 isolates of zygomycete, candida, aspergillus, fusarium, and scedosporium species.isavuconazole (bal4815) is a promising novel broad-spectrum triazole in late-stage clinical development that has proven active in vitro against aspergillus and candida species. we compared the in vitro activities of this agent with those of voriconazole and fluconazole by the clsi (formerly nccls) m38-a and m27-a2 procedures against a large collection of 1,007 relevant opportunistic fungi collected from 1986 to 2007: aspergillus spp. (n = 702), candida spp. (n = 218), zygomycetes (n = 45), scedo ...200818212101
treatment of scedosporiosis with voriconazole: clinical experience with 107 patients.the efficacy of voriconazole in 107 patients with scedosporiosis was analyzed. principal infection sites were the lungs/sinuses (24%), central nervous system (cns) (20%), and bone (18%), while 21% of patients had disseminated infection. solid organ transplantation (22%), hematological malignancy (21%), and surgery/trauma (15%) were the predominant underlying conditions. a successful therapeutic response was achieved in 57% of patients (median, 103 therapy days), with > 98% of those responding re ...200818212110
multifocal scedosporium apiospermum spondylitis in a cystic fibrosis patient.we report the first case of multifocal scedosporium apiospermum spondylitis in a cystic fibrosis patient. the infection, which occurred during voriconazole prophylaxis, disseminated contiguously from the base of the left lung and pleura and spread to vertebrae via the epidural space. s. apiospermum osteoarticular infections are rare, and are difficult to diagnose and cure because of their resistance to anti-fungal drugs.200817567545
caspofungin-mediated beta-glucan unmasking and enhancement of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity against aspergillus and non-aspergillus hyphae.we investigated whether caspofungin and other echinocandins have immune-enhancing properties that influence human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn)-mediated mold hyphal damage.200818500936
fungal vertebral osteomyelitis due to scedosporium apiospermum after near-drowning.near-drowning predisposes one to infection by the fungus scedosporium apiospermum, and brain abscess is the most common consequence. vertebral osteomyelitis due to this organism is exceedingly rare. the authors report on a 43-year-old man who developed fungal spondylodiscitis several weeks after a near-drowning event. the rare nature of this infection led to a delay in diagnosis. a combination of surgical debridement, instrumentation, and antifungal therapy resulted in an excellent outcome at 1 ...200818590412
development and validation of a quantitative pcr assay for diagnosis of scedosporiosis.scedosporium apiospermum and scedosporium prolificans are fungal pathogens that can cause severe human infections, including disseminated mycosis in immunocompromised patients. two real-time pcr (rt-pcr) assays for the diagnosis of these species were developed and validated for the classification of clinical strains and for the detection of dna in clinical samples by use of a murine model of invasive infection. a total of 14 clinical strains and 141 samples, including blood, serum, and lung samp ...200818684999
disseminated scedosporium apiospermum infection in renal transplant recipient: long-term successful treatment with voriconazole: a case report.scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual form of pseudallescheria boydii, is a ubiquitous fungus that represents an unfrequent complication of immune suppression. it accounts for 20% of all non-aspergillus mold infections in organ transplant recipients. the infection can be localized or disseminated in multiple organs, including lungs, brain, joints, tendons, and skin, and is difficult to treat, due to resistance of s apiospermum to amphotericin b and other antifungal agents. the mortality rate is ...200717692684
intraspecific diversity of species of the pseudallescheria boydii complex.in order to establish intraspecific diversity of pseudallescheria boydii and scedosporium apiospermum, and to develop tools for their identification, variability within p. boydii and related species was investigated at different levels of diversity. sequences of the d1/d2 region of large subunit (lsu) and of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of ribosomal dna (rdna) gene were analyzed for a set of 57 strains, as well as partial sequences of the elongation factor 1-alpha (ef 1-alpha). i ...200717710625
endogenous scedosporium apiospermum endophthalmitis. 200717846376
infection with scedosporium apiospermum and s. prolificans, australia.scedosporium apiospermum and s. prolificans are fungi of increasing clinical importance, particularly in persons with underlying diseases. we reviewed the records of 59 patients in australia from whom scedosporium spp. were isolated from june 30, 1997, through december 31, 2003. s. apiospermum was isolated predominantly from the respiratory tracts of 28 of 31 patients with underlying lung diseases and resulted in 2 infections and 1 death. the annual number of s. apiospermum isolates remained con ...200717953087
granulomatous and eosinophilic rhinitis in a cow caused by pseudallescheria boydii species complex (anamorph scedosporium apiospermum).a 2-year-old hereford cow was presented to the teaching hospital for increased respiratory noise and bilateral bloody nasal discharge. a nodular rhinitis was detected clinically, and the nasal biopsy revealed a granulomatous and eosinophilic rhinitis with intralesional fungi. the cow was euthanized due to financial constraints. grossly multifocal-to-coalescing, raised, ulcerated firm nodules were present in both nares. histologically, the lamina propria was expanded by intense infiltrates of eos ...200718039905
scedosporium apiospermum traumatic endophthalmitis successfully treated with voriconazole.we describe a case of traumatic endophthalmitis due to scedosporium apiospermum that was successfully treated with a combination of intravitreal and systemic voriconazole. a high dose of 200 microg was used intravitreally without any apparent complications. a brief overview of voriconazole use for treatment of ocular infections is presented, and a comparison is made with antifungal agents traditionally used in ophathalmology.200717901927
molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a cu,zn-superoxide dismutase from scedosporium apiospermum.a cu,zn-superoxide dismutase has been characterized from scedosporium apiospermum, a fungus which often colonizes the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis. enzyme production was stimulated by iron starvation. purification was achieved from mycelial extract from 7-day-old cultures on amberlite xad-16. the purified enzyme presented a relative molecular mass of 16.4 kda under reducing conditions and was inhibited by potassium cyanide and diethyldithiocarbamate, which are two known inh ...200717395518
scedosporium apiospermum (pseudoallescheria boydii) infection in lung transplant recipients.scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual counterpart of the teleomorph pseudallescheria boydii, is increasingly recognized as an important opportunistic pathogen in transplant recipients. infection is associated with a high rate of dissemination and poor outcome overall.200717403476
anterior chamber exudative mass due to scedosporium apiospermum in an immunocompetent individual.endogenous intraocular infection of fungal etiology is extremely rare in an immunocompetent individual. usually, an antecedent history of trauma, surgery, intravenous drug abuse or an immunocompromized state can be elicited. scedosporium apiospermum is a known cause of keratomycosis after traumatic implantation and can cause fatal disseminated infection in immunocompromized patients. however, cases of s. apiospermum intraocular infection in immunocompetent individuals have been very rarely repor ...200717456946
quality control and reference guidelines for clsi broth microdilution method (m38-a document) for susceptibility testing of anidulafungin against molds.the clsi (formerly nccls) m38-a document for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does not describe guidelines for echinocandins. a multicenter study (eight centers) evaluated inter- and intralaboratory reproducibilities of two reading times (24 and 48 h or 48 and 72 h) and two end points (mics and minimum effective concentrations [mecs]) for evaluating anidulafungin against molds. anidulafungin mics (>or=50% inhibition) and mecs (morphological hyphal changes) were determined f ...200717475760
emergence of scedosporium apiospermum in patients with cystic fibrosis. 200717588974
scedosporium apiospermum otomycosis.we present a case of scedosporium apiospermum otomycosis in an immunocompetent 62-year-old woman presumably inoculated as a child in vietnam. she had life-long recurrent symptoms of chronic otomastoiditis and otorrhea. the organism was identified in an unexpected wound infection after a modified radical mastoidectomy done for chronic otitis media. treatment consisted of local debridement of necrotic tissue, topical wound care, and long-term systemic antifungals.200717606042
scedosporium apiospermum lung infection with fatal subsequent postoperative outcome in an immunocompetent host. 200717638212
[fungal keratitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum].we report a case of posttraumatic keratomycosis caused by scedosporium apiospermum that was treated with oral and topical voriconazole and penetrating keratoplasty.200718046279
intravitreal voriconazole for the treatment of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum.scedosporium apiospermum is an increasingly recognized cause of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis in immunocompromised patients. the authors describe two patients with endogenous s. apiospermum endophthalmitis treated with intravitreal and systemic voriconazole. despite a prolonged course of systemic antifungal treatment, both patients subsequently required enucleation for intractable ocular pain due to secondary scleritis. histological examination of the globes demonstrated the presence of fung ...200717539796
a review of the new antifungals: posaconazole, micafungin, and anidulafungin.this column reviews 3 new systemic antifungal agents (posaconazole, micafungin, and anidulafungin) from the standpoint of dermatology. posaconazole, approved to treat invasive aspergillus and candida infections, is available in an oral suspension and resembles fluconazole, but seems to have a broader spectrum of activity. posaconazole is effective against yeasts and molds and could be effective in treating rare fungal infections involving zygomycetes, mucor necrotizing fasciitis, rhinocerebral m ...200718189069
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator infection due to scedosporium apiospermum.we report a case of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator infection due to scedosporium apiospermum. this infection persisted despite systemic antifungal treatment with voriconazole and was controlled after removal of the foreign device and replacement of the involved tricuspid valve. this case underscores the importance of a combined surgical and medical approach for this complicated infection. scedosporium species should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cardiac or intravascular ...200717761293
graphium basitruncatum fungemia in a patient with acute leukemia.we report the first case of infection caused by graphium basitruncatum in a man with acute leukemia who developed persistent fungemia and skin lesions. g. basitruncatum, a member of the microascaceae, is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from graphium penicillioides and the opportunistic pathogens scedosporium apiospermum (pseudallescheria boydii) and scedosporium prolificans.200717314217
scedosporium apiospermum infection after near-drowning.scedosporium apiospermum and its teleomorph (sexual form) pseudallescheria boydii are ubiquitous saprophytic fungi, which under specific conditions, such as near-drowning, may cause therapy-refractory and life-threatening infections. we reviewed 22 cases (eight children and 14 adults) of s. apiospermum infection after near-drowning reported in the literature including an additional paediatric case from our institution. scedosporiosis after near-drowning was associated with high mortality (16/23, ...200717714363
multiple scedosporium apiospermum brain abscesses after near-drowning successfully treated with surgery and long-term voriconazole: a case report.scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging fungal pathogen, increasingly recognised as a cause of infection not only in immunocompromised, but also in non-immunodeficient patients. we present the case of an immunocompetent 21-year-old thai man who experienced recurrent ruptured mycotic aneurysms and developed multiple s. apiospermum brain abscesses following aspiration of polluted water. a combination of surgery and voriconazole was effective in this difficult-to-treat case. voriconazole penetrated ...200717944716
prevalence and susceptibility testing of new species of pseudallescheria and scedosporium in a collection of clinical mold isolates.the prevalence of new species of pseudallescheria and scedosporium in a collection of 46 clinical isolates was analyzed. strain identification was done by morphological and molecular methods. four scedosporium aurantiacum isolates were detected among the panel of clinical strains. the susceptibility profile of s. aurantiacum was similar to that of scedosporium apiospermum.200717101671
topical and oral voriconazole in the treatment of fungal keratitis.to describe nine patients with fungal keratitis refractory to standard antifungal therapy whose condition was managed with voriconazole.200717188052
endobronchitis by scedosporium apiospermum in a child with cystic fibrosis.a case of endobronchitis by scedosporium apiospermum in a child with cystic fibrosis is presented. the bronchial aspirate's cytology showed the presence of a large amount of septated-dichotomized hyphae. the bronchial aspirate's culture showed the presence of scedosporium apiospermum in a pure culture of three consecutive samples. the scanning electron microscopy study of the mucosal surface revealed scarce mycelia with the presence of abundant conidiae. the transmission electron microscopy of t ...200617388652
brain abscess due to scedosporium apiospermum in a non immunocompromised child.scedosporium apiospermum is a filamentous fungi that commonly causes cutaneous infection. in certain circumstances, s. apiospermum can also cause invasive disease, which can involve the central nervous system (cns). when the cns becomes involved, treatment is difficult, therapeutic options are limited and the prognosis is poor. early identification and treatment can decrease the mortality rate. here we present a case of brain abscess with chronic suppurative otitis media, caused by s. apiospermu ...200616912449
scedosporium infection in a tertiary care cancer center: a review of 25 cases from 1989-2006.we reviewed the records of patients with cancer who had scedosporium infection (due to scedosporium apiospermum and scedosporium prolificans in 21 and 4 patients, respectively). the incidence of scedosporium infection increased from 0.82 cases per 100,000 patient-inpatient days (in 1993-1998) to 1.33 cases per 100,000 patient-inpatient days (in 1999-2005). cases of s. prolificans infection occurred only after 2000. dissemination occurred in 16 patients (64%). the 12-week mortality rates were 70% ...200617109292
polycytella hominis is a mutated form of scedosporium apiospermum.pcr amplification and sequencing of two separate regions of the nuclear ribosomal repeat region revealed that polycytella hominis, a hyphomycete isolated from a human case of mycetoma, was genetically indistinguishable from scedosporium apiospermum (the anamorph of pseudallescheria boydii). these organisms also exhibited remarkably similar susceptibility profiles to common antifungal agents. p. hominis is thus likely to be a mutant of s. apiospermum showing abnormalities of sporulation, for whic ...200616805091
pseudallescheria boydii releases metallopeptidases capable of cleaving several proteinaceous compounds.pseudallescheria boydii is an opportunistic filamentous fungus that causes serious infections in humans. virulence attributes expressed by p. boydii are unknown. conversely, peptidases are incriminated as virulence factors in several pathogenic fungi. here we investigated the extracellular peptidase profile in p. boydii. after growth on sabouraud for 7 days, mycelia of p. boydii were incubated for 20 h in pbs-glucose. the cell-free pbs-glucose supernatant was submitted to sds-page and 12 secreto ...200616487686
disseminated scedosporium apiospermum infection in a cystic fibrosis patient after double-lung transplantation.scedosporium apiospermum is a saprophytic ubiquitous filamentous fungus. it can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, from localized to invasive infections. s apiospermum has been described as one of the major fungal agents of chronic colonization of airways in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. invasive infections due to s apiospermum are only rarely reported in cf after lung transplantation. a 26-year-old woman with cf and chronic bronchial colonization by s apiospermum developed bilateral chorioreti ...200616678041
scedosporium apiospermum mycetoma with bone involvement successfully treated with voriconazole.treatment of scedosporium apiospermum mycetoma usually requires limb amputation. a 49-year-old woman, from ivory coast, was diagnosed with madura foot in 1995. she failed to respond to several treatments including itraconazole, fluconazole and co-trimoxazole, and refused limb amputation. in december 2002 she was admitted to hospital in france with a painful, swollen right leg and foot. she had no fever and c-reactive protein was 120 mg/l. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) confirmed the destructio ...200616714039
head-to-head comparison of the activities of currently available antifungal agents against 3,378 spanish clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi.we have compared the activities of posaconazole and other currently available antifungal agents against a collection of 3,378 clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi. a total of 1,997 clinical isolates of candida spp., 359 of other yeast species, 697 strains of aspergillus spp., and 325 nondermatophyte non-aspergillus spp. were included. the average geometric means of the mics of agents that were tested against candida spp. were 0.23 microg/ml for amphotericin b, 0.29 microg/ml for flu ...200616495251
scedosporium apiospermum soft-tissue infection: a case report and review of kidney transplant literature.scedosporium apiospermum is an environmental mould. human infections caused by this organism have been observed; however, only a few case reports show its role as a telluric contaminant to kidney recipients. we have reported here a case of a dramatic soft tissue infection by s. apiospermum in a kidney-transplanted man. surgical drainage together with voriconazole systemic therapy was successful.200616797295
scedosporium apiospermum: changing clinical spectrum of a therapy-refractory opportunist.current knowledge on the opportunist scedosporium apiospermum (teleomorph: pseudallescheria boydii), generated over a period of more than 120 years, is reviewed. the natural environmental habitat of the fungus is unknown; nutrient-rich, brackish waters like river estuaria have been suggested. the fungus is strongly promoted by agricultural and particularly by industrial pollution.200616772225
fungal osteoarticular infections in patients treated at a comprehensive cancer centre: a 10-year retrospective review.this study reviewed retrospectively the clinical characteristics of 28 cancer patients with fungal osteoarticular infections (foais) between 1995 and 2005. most patients (26; 93%) had haematological malignancies (19 had leukaemia); half (14) were allogeneic stem-cell transplant recipients. twelve patients (43%) had severe neutropenia (< or = 100/mm3) with a mean duration of 65 days (range 10-500 days), and ten (36%) patients had received a significant dose of corticosteroids. most (19; 68%) foai ...200616774557
in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi with sensititre yeast one.sensititre is a colorimetric microdilution method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing based on the m27-a document (national committee for clinical laboratory standards) for yeasts. difference between both methods is the presence of alamar-blue and rpmi 1640 (glucose 2%) as culture medium. antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin b, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and flucytosine, 100 opportunistic filamentous fungi (aspergillus spp., fusarium spp., scedosporium spp.) obtained ...200616784443
[clinical and microbiological study of mycetomas at the muñiz hospital of buenos aires between 1989 and 2004].this work presents clinical, microbiological and outcome data collected from 76 patients with mycetomas at the muñiz hospital from 1989 to 2004. forty-nine patients were male and 27 female; the mean age was 43.4 years. the majority of the patients acquired the infection in argentina: the most affected provinces were santiago del estero with 31 cases, and chaco with 11; 8 cases came from other countries (bolivia 6 and paraguay 2). the mean evolution of the disease was 9.2 years. the most frequent ...200616784127
voriconazole in the management of nosocomial invasive fungal infections.voriconazole is a new triazole developed for the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections. the drug is available for both oral and intravenous administration; the oral formulation has excellent bioavailability. the side-effect profile of voriconazole presents an acceptable safety and tolerability spectrum: transient visual disturbances, liver enzyme abnormalities, and skin rashes are the most frequently reported side effects but rarely lead to discontinuation. the potential for drug-drug ...200618360588
lethal brain abscess due to the fungus scedosporium apiospermum (teleomorph pseudallescheria boydii) after a near-drowning incident: case report and review of the literature.a 39-year-old healthy man developed a brain abscess weeks after a near-drowning incident. scedosporium apiospermum, the anamorph of pseudallescheria boydii, was isolated from the abscess. the patient died 153 days after the accident despite antifungal therapy. we discuss the role of antifungals and review the literature for comparable cases.200616882615
hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) has broad-spectrum fungicidal activity and is efficacious in a mouse model of cryptococcosis.the alkyl phosphocholine drug miltefosine is structurally similar to natural substrates of the fungal virulence determinant phospholipase b1 (plb1), which is a potential drug target. we determined the mics of miltefosine against key fungal pathogens, correlated antifungal activity with inhibition of the plb1 activities (plb, lysophospholipase [lpl], and lysophospholipase-transacylase [lpta]), and investigated its efficacy in a mouse model of disseminated cryptococcosis. miltefosine inhibited sec ...200616436691
scedosporium apiospermum soft tissue infection successfully treated with voriconazole: potential pitfalls in the transition from intravenous to oral therapy.an immunocompromised patient with an invasive soft tissue infection due to scedosporium apiospermum was successfully treated with voriconazole and surgical debridement. after transition from intravenous to oral therapy, successive adjustments of the oral dose were required to achieve complete resolution. for soft tissue infections due to molds characterized by thin, septate hyphae branching at acute angles, voriconazole should be considered a first-line antifungal agent. the potential usefulness ...200515695722
molecular phylogeny of the pseudallescheria boydii species complex: proposal of two new species.pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph scedosporium apiospermum) is the species responsible for human scedosporiosis, a fungal infection with a high mortality rate and which is difficult to treat. recently, it has been demonstrated that high genetic variation exists within this species. we have performed a morphological and molecular study involving numerous strains of clinical or environmental origins and from different countries. the analysis of partial sequences of the beta-tubulin (two loci) and ...200516207945
[disseminated infections due to scedosporium apiospermum in a patient with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. a case study].a 42-year-old man was diagnosed with hepatosplenic t-cell lymphoma in november 2003. remission was incompletely achieved despite 10 courses of chemotherapy. he developed fever (38.5-39 degrees c), chills, cough and morning expectoration after the 61 courses of chemotherapy. during this period, an ultrasound of the abdomen showed multiple hypodense lesions of the liver. culture of the sputum yielded scedosporium apiospermum. fungal cultures from blood remained negative. the patient was treated wi ...200516607764
endogenous scedosporium apiospermum endophthalmitis. 200516340541
voriconazole in the treatment of fungal osteomyelitis of the orbit in the immunocompromised host.scedosporium apiospermum is an uncommon cause of fungal infection in the orbit and sinus. morbidity and mortality rates in immunocompromised patients are high. we review the first case of scedosporium apiospermum orbito-sinus infection that was successfully treated with the new antifungal agent voriconazole. we highlight the efficacy of this drug, particularly in the treatment of osteomyelitis of the orbit and sinus, which may lead to an improvement in survival rates after scedosporium infection ...200516354641
nasal infection with scedosporium apiospermum in a dog.a 2-year-old female siberian husky was presented with a 6-month history of sneezing and mucous discharge from the right nostril.200515731839
susceptibility of filamentous fungi to voriconazole tested by two microdilution methods.the growing number of fungal infections, coupled with emerging resistance to classical antifungal agents, has led to the development of new agents, among them voriconazole. susceptibility to voriconazole was tested by two microdilution techniques: the national committee for clinical laboratory standards reference method m38-a and a colorimetric method, sensititre yeastone. the study tested a total of 244 isolates: 223 aspergillus (136 aspergillus fumigatus, 37 a. niger, 26 a. terreus, 16 a. flav ...200515634979
cutaneous scedosporium apiospermum infection in an immunocompromised patient and a review of the literature.scedosporium apiospermum (also known as pseudallescheria boydii) is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus. this fungus is known as a cause of mycetoma, which may occur in a normally immune host following trauma. however, in an immunocompromised host, s. apiospermum may cause a life-threatening infection. we describe a case of s. apiospermum infection of the right hand in a patient who was receiving long-term immunosuppressants for adult still's disease. we also review the cases of s. apiospermum infec ...200515823912
effects of interleukin-15 on antifungal responses of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against fusarium spp. and scedosporium spp.fusarium spp. and scedosporium spp. have emerged as important fungal pathogens that are frequently resistant to antifungal compounds. we investigated the effects of human interleukin-15 (il-15) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmnl) activity against fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum as well as scedosporium prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum. il-15 (100 ng/ml) significantly enhanced pmnl-induced hyphal damage of both fusarium spp. and s. prolificans after incubation for 22 h (p < ...200515935692
inteferon gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augment the antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against scedosporium spp.: comparison with aspergillus spp.while aspergillus spp. have been the most frequent filamentous fungi causing infections in immunocompromised patients, scedosporium spp. are emerging as life-threatening pathogens. we studied the effects of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) alone or combined on the antifungal activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) against scedosporium apiospermum and scedosporium prolificans. we paralleled these activities to those against ...200516010852
in vitro synergistic interaction between amphotericin b and micafungin against scedosporium spp.the in vitro interaction between amphotericin b and micafungin against 36 isolates of scedosporium spp. has been evaluated using checkerboard assays and the minimal effective concentration endpoint. synergy was found for 82.4% of scedosporium prolificans isolates and for 31.6% of scedosporium apiospermum isolates. antagonism was not observed.200516048969
fungal rhinitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum in a labrador retriever. 200516085725
direct sequencing of scedosporium apiospermum dna in the diagnosis of a case of keratitis.the present report describes the diagnostic strategy followed in a case of keratomycosis. together with conventional methods, a molecular strategy that involved the direct sequencing of an amplified portion of the genome encompassing the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions and sequence analysis was used. the data highlight the diagnostic role of molecular techniques, in parallel with conventional methods, in the management of ocular infections of fungal aetiology.200516091444
scedosporium apiospermum brain abscess treated with surgery and voriconazole. case report.scedosporium apiospermum is a fungus found in the soil and in contaminated water. common cutaneous manifestations include madura foot, a painless swelling on the sole of the foot. invasive infection is usually associated with immunosuppression. the authors present a 16-month-old immunocompetent boy who had a near-drowning event. following this, he was severely disabled with spastic quadriparesis. early computerized tomography scans revealed diffuse hypoxic injury. magnetic resonance images obtai ...200516122011
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