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three new cutinases from the yeast arxula adeninivorans that are suitable for biotechnological applications.the genes acut1, acut2, and acut3, encoding cutinases, were selected from the genomic dna of arxula adeninivorans ls3. the alignment of the amino acid sequences of these cutinases with those of other cutinases or cutinase-like enzymes from different fungi showed that they all had a catalytic s-d-h triad with a conserved g-y-s-q-g domain. all three genes were overexpressed in a. adeninivorans using the strong constitutive tef1 promoter. recombinant 6× his (6h)-tagged cutinase 1 protein (p) from a ...201526048925
production of 4-ipomeanol, an anticancer agent from the root tubers and rhizogenic callus of ipomoea batatas lam.: a comparative study.a comparative study was done on the production of 4-ipomeanol from root tubers of ipomoea batatas and its rhizogenic callus. best callusing response was obtained on ms medium supplemented with 11 μm naa (α-naphthaleneacetic acid) and 1 μm kin (kinetin). effect of various elicitors (fusarium solani, chitin and chitosan) on the production of 4-ipomeanol was studied. methanol extract of the samples were purified by column chromatography and detected using tlc. identification of 4-ipomeanol was conf ...201526040027
antagonistic potential of native trichoderma viride strain against potent tea fungal pathogens in north east india.indigenous strains of trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of tea gardens of assam, north eastern state of india were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely pestalotia theae and fusarium solani. a potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as sdrlin1, was selected and identified as trichoderma viride. the strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. culture filtrate ...201526361476
crystal structure of an antifungal osmotin-like protein from calotropis procera and its effects on fusarium solani spores, as revealed by atomic force microscopy: insights into the mechanism of action.cposm is an antifungal osmotin/thaumatin-like protein purified from the latex of calotropis procera. the protein is relatively thermostable and retains its antifungal activity over a wide ph range; therefore, it may be useful in the development of new antifungal drugs or transgenic crops with enhanced resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. to gain further insight into the mechanism of action of cposm, its three-dimensional structure was determined, and the effects of the protein on fusarium solani ...201526456062
molecular identification of fusarium species isolated from transgenic insect-resistant cotton plants in mexicali valley, baja california.cotton production in the mexicali valley is adversely affected by wilt and root rot disease associated with fusarium species. in the present study, we sought to isolate and identify the fusarium species in the rhizosphere of transgenic insect-resistant cotton plants grown in the mexicali valley. our analyses isolated four native fungi from the rhizosphere of cotton plants, namely, t-ica01, t-ica03, t-ica04, and t-ica08. these fungal isolates were categorized as belonging to fusarium solani using ...201526436498
expression of vitamin d receptor and cathelicidin in human corneal epithelium cells during fusarium solani infection.to observe the expression of vitamin d receptor (vdr) in human specimen and immortalized human corneal epithelium cells (hcec) when challenged with fusarium solani. moreover, we decided to discover the pathway of vdr expression. also, we would like to detect the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (camp) in the downstream pathway of vdr.201526558193
fusarium keratitis at a tertiary eye care centre in india.the aim of the study was to report the clinical and microbiological profiles of fusarium keratitis. in this single-centre, retrospective, non-comparative case series, 47 laboratory-confirmed cases of keratitis caused by fusarium species treated at the l v prasad eye institute, bhubaneswar, india, between november 2006 and october 2009, were reviewed. the analysis included predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, microbiological findings, treatment and outcome. forty-seven samples of 47 pa ...201524929671
safety and efficacy of intrastromal injection of 5% natamycin in experimental fusarium keratitis.to compare the efficacy of combined intrastromal injection and topical natamycin 5% to standard topical therapy alone in an experimental rabbit model of fusarium keratitis.201424919100
genetic architecture and evolution of the mating type locus in fusaria that cause soybean sudden death syndrome and bean root rot.fusarium tucumaniae is the only known sexually reproducing species among the seven closely related fusaria that cause soybean sudden death syndrome (sds) or bean root rot (brr). in a previous study, laboratory mating of f. tucumaniae yielded recombinant ascospore progeny but required two mating-compatible strains, indicating that it is heterothallic. to assess the reproductive mode of the other sds and brr fusaria, and their potential for mating, whole-genome sequences of two sds and one brr pat ...201424891421
airway complication contributing to disseminated fusariosis after lung transplantation.fungal infections are common after lung transplantation. however, disseminated fusariosis is rare and we report the first case of airway complications associated with this infectious process. a 77-year-old caucasian woman, who was status post left single-lung transplant for emphysema, presented to clinic 8 months after lung transplantation with pleurisy, shortness of breath, and declining lung function. bronchoscopy showed narrowing of the left anastomotic site with dynamic compression during ex ...201424890670
succession patterns of fungi associated to wound-induced agarwood in wild aquilaria malaccensis revealed from quantitative pcr assay.aquilaria malaccensis produces agarwood in response to wounding and fungal attack. however, information is limited regarding aquilaria's interaction with its diverse fungal community. in this study, time-related changes of three natural fungal colonizers in two wounded wild a. malaccensis were tracked, beginning a few hours after wounding up to 12 months. using species-specific primers derived from their nrits sequences in quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr), we quantified the amount of cunningham ...201424840100
diversity of endophytic fungi from different verticillium-wilt-resistant gossypium hirsutum and evaluation of antifungal activity against verticillium dahliae in vitro.cotton plants were sampled and ranked according to their resistance to verticillium wilt. in total, 642 endophytic fungi isolates representing 27 genera were recovered from gossypium hirsutum root, stem, and leaf tissues, but were not uniformly distributed. more endophytic fungi appeared in the leaf (391) compared with the root (140) and stem (111) sections. however, no significant difference in the abundance of isolated endophytes was found among resistant cotton varieties. alternaria exhibited ...201424836187
case of fusarium paronychia successfully treated with occlusive dressing of antifungal cream.we report a case of refractory fusarium paronychia in a 42-year-old man with behçet's disease receiving oral cyclosporin and corticosteroid. symptoms resembling candidal paronychia of his little finger could not be cured by topical ketoconazole and oral terbinafine. the pathogen was identified as fusarium solani species complex by gene analysis, and was multiple drug resistant. the case eventually resolved by occlusive dressing therapy with 0.5% amorolfine cream for 3 months.201424533442
effect of cultivars, fusarium strains and storage temperature on trichothecenes production in inoculated potato tubers.four trichothecenes (fus-x, 3adon, das and t-2) were detected in potato tubers inoculated with fusarium spp. by uplc-ms/ms. the influence of cultivars, fusarium strains and storage temperature on trichothecenes production was evaluated. the concentration of trichothecenecs was much higher in susceptible cultivar (longshu no. 3) than in resistant one (longshu no. 6). the susceptible cultivar infected with fusarium sulphureum had the maximum concentration of fus-x, 3adon and das. among the three f ...201424423527
breakthrough fusarium solani infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia receiving posaconazole prophylaxis. 201424170227
modern spectroscopic technique in the characterization of biosensitive macrocyclic schiff base ligand and its complexes: inhibitory activity against plantpathogenic fungi.complexes of the type [m(l)cl2], where m = co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) have been synthesized with a macrocyclic schiff base ligand (1,4,5,7,10,11,12,15-octaaza,5,11,16,18-tetraphenyl, 3,4,12,13-tetramethyl cyclo-octadecane) derived from schiff base (obtained by the condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine and dibenzoyl methane) and ethylenediamine. the ligand was characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, ir, (1)h nmr, ei mass and molecular modeling studies while the complexes were characterized b ...201424161868
energy-dependent uptake of benzo[a]pyrene and its cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport by the telluric fungus fusarium solani.in screening indigenous soil filamentous fungi for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) degradation, an isolate of the fusarium solani was found to incorporate benzo[a]pyrene (bap) into fungal hyphae before degradation and mineralization. the mechanisms involved in bap uptake and intracellular transport remain unresolved. to address this, the incorporation of two pahs, bap, and phenanthrene (phe) were studied in this fungus. the fungus incorporated more bap into cells than phe, despite the 40 ...201424271730
molecular signatures at imminent death: hemocyte gene expression profiling of shrimp succumbing to viral and fungal infections.infectious diseases represent the most serious threat to shrimp farming worldwide. understanding the molecular mechanisms driving shrimp-pathogen interactions is necessary for developing strategies to control disease outbreaks in shrimp production systems. in the current study, we experimentally reproduced mortality events using standardized infections to characterize the hemocyte transcriptome response of the shrimp litopenaeus vannamei succumbing to infectious diseases. by using a high-through ...201424120975
evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic activity of mono-pegylated stap3 (solanum tuberosum aspartic protease 3) forms.stap3 is a plant aspartic protease with cytotoxic activity toward a broad spectrum of pathogens, including potato and human pathogen microorganisms, and cancer cells, but not against human t cells, human red blood cells or plant cells. for this reason, stap3 could be a promising and potential drug candidate for future therapies. in this work, the improvement of the performance of stap3 was achieved by means of a modification with peg. the separation of a mono-pegylated stap3 fraction was easily ...201428626641
occurrence of root rot and vascular wilt diseases in roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) in upper egypt.roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) family malvaceae is an important crop used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics industries. roselle is cultivated mainly in upper egypt (qena and aswan governorates) producing 94% of total production. root rot disease of roselle is one of the most important diseases that attack both seedlings and adult plants causing serious losses in crop productivity and quality. the main objective of the present study is to identify and characterize pathogens associated with r ...201424808737
rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid and a precursor of flavopiridol, is produced by endophytic fungi isolated from dysoxylum binectariferum hook.f and amoora rohituka (roxb).wight & arn.rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid, has gained considerable international attention in recent years because of its novel semi-synthetic derivative, flavopiridol and p-276-00. both these molecules are in advanced stages of clinical development and trial for cancer treatment. recently, flavopiridol was approved as an orphan drug for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cancer. the natural occurrence of rohitukine is restricted to only four plant species, amoora rohituka and dysoxylum binectarife ...201424215673
last generation triazoles for imported eumycetoma in eleven consecutive adults.optimal management of eumycetoma, a severely debilitating chronic progressive fungal infection of skin, disseminating to bone and viscera, remains challenging. especially, optimal antifungal treatment and duration are ill defined.201425299610
interactions between a sap beetle, sabal palm, scale insect, filamentous fungi and yeast, with discovery of potential antifungal compounds.the multi-trophic relationship between insects, yeast, and filamentous fungi is reported on sabal palm (sabal palmetto (walter) lodd. ex schult. & schult. f.). gut content analyses and observations of adult and larval feeding of the sap beetle brachypeplus glaber leconte indicate that niche partitioning of fungal food substrata occurs between adults and larvae. this is the first report of specific mycophagous niche partitioning among beetle life stages based on gut content analyses. fungi isolat ...201424586669
metabolism and resistance of fusarium spp. to the manzamine alkaloids via a putative retro pictet-spengler reaction and utility of the rational design of antimalarial and antifungal agents.as a part of our continuing investigation of the manzamine alkaloids we studied the in vitro activity of the β-carboline containing manzamine alkaloids against fusarium solani, fusarium oxysporium, and fusarium proliferatum by employing several bioassay techniques including one-dimensional direct bioautography, dilution, and plate susceptibility, and microtiter broth assays. in addition, we also studied the metabolism of the manzamine alkaloids by fusarium spp. in order to facilitate the redesig ...201424553735
epidemiological profile of fungal keratitis in sfax (tunisia).fungal keratitis is responsible for a significant burden of blinding disease in the developing world.201425442924
antifungal activity and computational study of constituents from piper divaricatum essential oil against fusarium infection in black pepper.fusarium disease causes considerable losses in the cultivation of piper nigrum, the black pepper used in the culinary world. brazil was the largest producer of black pepper, but in recent years has lost this hegemony, with a significant reduction in its production, due to the ravages produced by the fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, the fungus which causes this disease. scientific research seeks new alternatives for the control and the existence of other piper species in the brazilian amazon, resi ...201425375334
an ammonium sulfate sensitive chitinase from streptomyces sp. cs501.a chitinase from streptomyces sp. cs501 was isolated from the korean soil sample, purified by single-step chromatography, and biochemically characterized. the extracellular chitinase (ch501) was purified to 4.60 fold with yield of 28.74 % using sepharose cl-6b column. the molecular mass of ch501 was approximately 43 kda as estimated by sds-page and zymography. the enzyme (ch501) was found to be stable over a broad ph range (5.0-10.0) and temperature (up to 50 °c), and have an optimum temperature ...201425359199
new insights into the structure and mode of action of mo-cbp3, an antifungal chitin-binding protein of moringa oleifera seeds.mo-cbp3 is a chitin-binding protein purified from moringa oleifera lam. seeds that displays inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi. this study investigated the structural properties and the antifungal mode of action of this protein. to this end, circular dichroism spectroscopy, antifungal assays, measurements of the production of reactive oxygen species and microscopic analyses were utilized. mo-cbp3 is composed of 30.3% α-helices, 16.3% β-sheets, 22.3% turns and 30.4% unordered forms ...201425347074
preferential promotion of lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) growth by plant growth promoting bacteria associated with tomato.a total of 74 morphologically distinct bacterial colonies were selected during isolation of bacteria from different parts of tomato plant (rhizoplane, phylloplane and rhizosphere) as well as nearby bulk soil. the isolates were screened for plant growth promoting (pgp) traits such as production of indole acetic acid, siderophore, chitinase and hydrogen cyanide as well as phosphate solubilization. seven isolates viz., nr4, nr6, rp3, pp1, rs4, rp6 and nr1 that exhibited multiple pgp traits were ide ...201425320438
an unusual cause of an ankle mass.we report the case of a patient who presented with a 7-year history of a mass over the medial aspect of his right ankle, which had been gradually increasing in size. he had given up his occupation as a bus driver due to decreased movement of his ankle. an initial diagnosis of endemic syphilis was made after treponemal antibody and treponema pallidum particle agglutination tests were positive. however, following surgical debulking, cultures grew fusarium solani and the diagnosis was changed to eu ...201425260425
fusarium solani infection in a kidney transplant recipient.hyalo hypho mycosis due to fusarium species mainly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. the clinical presentation varies from localized to disseminated involvement. a case of localized cutaneous fusariosis caused by fusarium solani in a renal transplant patient is described and the skin manifestations of the disease are discussed.201425249722
impact of water potential on growth and germination of fusarium solani soilborne pathogen of peanut.studies were conducted to determine the effect of osmotic and matric stress on germination and growth of two fusarium solani strains, the etiological agent responsible of peanut brown root rot. both strains had similar osmotic and matric potential ranges that allowed growth, being the latter one narrower. f. solani showed the ability to grow down to -14 mpa at 25 °c in non-ionic modified osmotic medium, while under matric stress this was limited to -8.4 mpa at 25 °c. however, both strains were s ...201425477950
effect of voriconazole and ultraviolet-a combination therapy compared to voriconazole single treatment on fusarium solani fungal keratitis.to demonstrate that ultraviolet-a (uv-a) and voriconazole combination therapy is more effective than voriconazole single treatment for fungal keratitis.201424724576
development of cycling probe-based real-time pcr system to detect fusarium species and fusarium solani species complex (fssc).in the present study, we developed a new real-time pcr system based on the cycling probe technology (cpt), which is composed of two single tube real-time pcr assays: the fusarium genus-specific assay and the fusarium solani species complex (fssc)-specific assay with primers targeting the 28s ribosomal rna gene. the fusarium genus-specific assay was shown to be highly specific, detecting all reference fusarium strains with no cross-reaction with other reference fungal strains, such as aspergillus ...201424704188
fatal fusarium solani infection after stem cell transplant for aplastic anemia.fusarium is a saprophytic and opportunistic pathogen that can cause local tissue infection and life-threatening systemic infection. systemic infection is rare and is observed primarily in immunocompromised patients. the early diagnosis is difficult, and the optimal treatment is unclear. however, the mortality is high. a 21-year-old man with aplastic anemia was treated with an allogeneic stem cell transplant. he developed fatal fusarium solani infection. fusarium species may be overlooked pathoge ...201424679137
animal models to investigate fungal biofilm formation.microbial biofilms play an essential role in several infectious diseases and are defined as extensive communities of sessile organisms irreversibly associated with a surface, encased within a polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix (ecm), and exhibiting enhanced resistance to antimicrobial drugs. forming a biofilm provides the microbes protection from environmental stresses due to contaminants, nutritional depletion, or imbalances, but is dangerous to human health due to their inherent robustne ...201424664831
bilateral endogenous fusarium solani endophthalmitis in a liver-transplanted patient: a case report.endogenous fusarium endophthalmitis is a rare disease predominantly described in immunocompromised patients often due to leukemia. we report a case of bilateral endogenous fusarium solani endophthalmitis in a liver-transplanted patient.201424661421
evaluation of β-d-glucan biopolymer as a novel mycotoxin binder for fumonisin and deoxynivalenol in soybean feed.the walls of yeast cells, which contain β-d-glucan biopolymers, have an active role in reducing mycotoxins in animal feed. this study aimed to evaluate the β-d-glucan biopolymers as a mycotoxin binder for fumonisin (fum) and deoxynivalenol (don) toxins as well as their effect on the nutritional value of soybean, which is considered one of the important feed row materials. the evaluation was carried out using some toxigenic fusarium isolates (fusarium solani, f. oxysporum, and f. verticillioides) ...201424660841
a phytopathogenic cysteine peptidase from latex of wild rubber vine cryptostegia grandiflora.a 24,118 da (maldi-tof) cysteine peptidase (ec 3.4.22.16) was purified from the latex extract of cryptostegia grandiflora by two chromatographic steps involving ion exchange and reverse-phase hplc. the purified protein (cg24-i) exhibits a single band profile following reduced sds-page and a unique amino terminal sequence, 1vpasidwrekgtvl14, that is similar to other plant cysteine peptidases. cg24-i displayed optimal proteolytic activity at ph 8.0 with 25 mm phosphate buffer. the proteolytic acti ...201424596120
biotransformation of testosterone and testosterone heptanoate by four filamentous fungi.the microbial transformations of testosterone and testosterone heptanoate by four fungi: absidia griseolla var. igachii ptcc 5260, acremonium chrysogenu ptcc 5271, fusarium fujikuroi ptcc 5144, and fusarium solani complex ptcc 5285 were investigated for the first time. incubation of testosterone heptanoate with f. fujikuroi and f. solani yielded three metabolites, which were isolated and characterized as testosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, and 6β-hydroxy testosterone. 6β-hydroxy testosterone ...201425223562
bioactive dihydronaphthoquinone derivatives from fusarium solani.new dihydronaphthoquinone derivatives, karuquinone a (1), karuquinone b (2), and karuquinone c (3), were isolated from a fungal culture broth of fusarium solani. the structures were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data (1d/2d nmr, ms, and ir). three known compounds, javanicin (4), 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2,4-dimethylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-6,9-dione (5), and 5-hydroxydihydrofusarubin c (6), were also isolated. the six isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against thre ...201425163667
optimization of culture conditions of fusarium solani for the production of neon-methylsansalvamide.the aim of this study was to optimize the culture conditions of fusarium solani kccm90040 on cereal grain for the production of neon-methylsansalvamide, a novel low-molecular-weight cyclic pentadepsipeptide exhibiting cytotoxic and multidrug resistance reversal effects. from the analysis of variance results using response surface methodology, temperature, initial moisture content, and growth time were shown to be important parameters for the production of neon-methylsansalvamide on cereal grain. ...201425130748
expression profiling of bioactive genes from moringa oleifera.plants are under constant assault by biotic and abiotic agents. when an elicitor is prologued, an immense reprogramming of plant gene expression and defense responses are initiated, which could be a natural source for potential drug development and insertional mutagenesis. in this regard, differential expression analysis of a medicinal plant moringa oleifera was performed for bioactive genes at seedling stage, using differential display-rt-pcr technique. infected seedlings with a fungus fusarium ...201425086925
fusarium solani species complex associated with carapace lesions and branchitis in captive american horseshoe crabs limulus polyphemus.captive american horseshoe crabs limulus polyphemus housed at the national aquarium presented with a variety of shell and gill lesions over a 3 yr period. carapace lesions were located on both the dorsal and ventral prosoma and opisthosoma and included multifocal circular areas of tan discoloration, ulcerations, and/or pitting lesions, extending from superficial to full thickness. gill lesions involved both the book gill cover (operculum) and individual book gill leaflets and included multifocal ...201424991848
role of activated macrophages in experimental fusarium solani keratitis.macrophages under the conjunctival tissue are the first line defender cells of the corneas. elimination of these cells would lead to aggravation of fungal keratitis. to determine how the course of fungal keratitis would be altered after the activation of these macrophages, a murine model was achieved by intrastromal instillation of latex beads before the corneas were infected with fusarium solani. the keratitis was observed and clinically scored daily. infected corneas were homogenized for colon ...201425447809
enhanced reduction of phenol content and toxicity in olive mill wastewaters by a newly isolated strain of coriolopsis gallica.the search for novel microorganisms able to degrade olive mill wastewaters (omw) and withstand the toxic effects of the initially high phenolic concentrations is of great scientific and industrial interest. in this work, the possibility of reducing the phenolic content of omw using new isolates of fungal strains (coriolopsis gallica, bjerkandera adusta, trametes versicolor, trichoderma citrinoviride, phanerochaete chrysosporium, gloeophyllum trabeum, trametes trogii, and fusarium solani) was inv ...201423979847
molecular phylogenetic and pathogenetic characterization of fusarium solani species complex (fssc), the cause of dry rot on potato in iran.members of fusarium solani species complex (fssc) are common pathogens of potato, causing dry rot in the west of iran which involved hamedan, kermanshah, eilam and kurdistan provinces. therefore, the objectives in this study were to isolate and identify disease-causing fssc from infected potato tubers based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. forty-five isolates of fusarium were obtained from potato tubers collected from the wet market in different regions of the west of iran and ...201424530481
psd1 binding affinity toward fungal membrane components as assessed by spr: the role of glucosylceramide in fungal recognition and entry.psd1 is a plant defensin that has antifungal activity against several pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi. previous analysis of psd1 chemical shift perturbations by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy demonstrated that this defensin interacts with phospholipids and the sphingolipid glucosylceramide isolated from fusarium solani (glccer(fusarium solani)). in this study, these interactions were evaluated by real-time surface plasmon resonance (spr) analysis. the data obtained demonstrated ...201425283273
evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial properties of ultraviolet a/riboflavin mediated crosslinking on candida albicans and fusarium solani.to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of ultraviolet a (uva) (365 nm)/riboflavin against candida albicans and fusarium solani.201424790859
inhibition of agronomically relevant fungal phytopathogens by tyrocidines, cyclic antimicrobial peptides isolated from bacillus aneurinolyticus.the tyrocidines, a complex of analogous cyclic decapeptides produced by bacillus aneurinolyticus, exhibited noteworthy activity against a range of phytopathogenic fungi, including fusarium verticillioides, fusarium solani and botrytis cinerea. the activity of the tyrocidine peptide complex (trc mixture) and purified tyrocidines exhibited minimum inhibition concentrations below 13 µg ml(-1) (~10 µm) and was significantly more potent than that of the commercial imidazole fungicide, bifonazole. alt ...201424996824
isolation of a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor and its functional properties.a novel trypsin inhibitor with thermal and ph stability, designated merrtine, was isolated from glycine max l. merr. the procedure involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex c-50, and affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel. the 20 n-terminal amino acid sequences were determined to be deyskpccdlcmctrrcppq, demonstrating high homology with the sequence of bowman-birk type trypsin inhibitors. the molecular mass and isoelectric point of the inhibitor we ...201424499360
enhancement of biocontrol activities and cyclic lipopeptides production by chemical mutagenesis of bacillus subtilis xf-1, a biocontrol agent of plasmodiophora brassicae and fusarium solani.bacillus subtilis xf-1 has been used as a biocontrol agent of clubroot disease of crucifers infected by plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate pathogen. in order to maximize the growth inhibition of the pathogen, random mutagenesis using n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine was applied to strain xf-1. the efficacy of 226 selected mutants was assessed against the growth of an indicator fungal pathogen: fusarium solani using agar plate assay and the disruptive effects on the resting spores of p. br ...201425320450
melanization reaction products of shrimp display antimicrobial properties against their major bacterial and fungal pathogens.melanization is a rapid defense mechanism in invertebrates. the substrate specificity of phenoloxidases (pos) and the role of melanization reaction products were investigated in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. two pmpos (pmpropo1 and pmpropo2) were found to display a substrate specificity towards monophenols and diphenols, and exhibit relatively weak activity against 5,6-dihydroxyindole (dhi). systemic infection of the pmpropo1/2 co-silenced shrimp with the fungus, fusarium solani, led ...201425043262
bioassays guided isolation of compounds from chaetomium globosum.the aim of the present study was to evaluate different biological activities of the fungus chaetomium globosum (family chaetomiaceae). the evaluation was done through testing its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects. c. globosum was isolated from the cucumber soil (rhizosphere) and caused inhibition of the mycelial growth of fusarium solani, rhizoctonia solani and sclerotium rolfsii in the biculture test. petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the liquid culture of c. globosu ...201424361402
c-20 ketone reduction of hydrocortisone by fusarium solani and aspergillus ochraceus.the biotransformation of hydrocortisone (1) by fusarium solani and aspergillus ochraceus was investigated for the first time. after 10 days at 30 °c, just one metabolite was produced by both fungi: 11β, 17α, 20β, 21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (2) established on the basis of spectroscopic data. the reaction was reduction of the 20-carbonyl group. time course study determined by hplc showed 60 and 45 % yield for the metabolite by f. solani and a. ochraceus, respectively.201425048228
isolation and evaluation of native cellulose degrading microorganisms for efficient bioconversion of weed biomass and rice straw.cellulose decomposing microorganisms (cdms) are important for efficient bioconversion of plant biomasses. to this end, we isolated seven fungal isolates (aspergillus wentii, fusarium solani, mucor sp., penicillum sp., trichoderma harzaianum, trichoderma sp.1 and trichoderma sp.2) and three bacterial isolates (bacterial isolate i, ii and iii) from partially decomposed farm yard manure, rice straw and vermicompost, and evaluated them for decomposition of rice straw (oryza sativa), ipomoea camea an ...201425004759
enzymatic treatment of specimens before dna extraction directly influences molecular detection of infectious agents.biological samples, pharmaceuticals or food contain proteins, lipids, polymers, ammoniums and macromolecules that alter the detection of infectious agents by dna amplification techniques (pcr). moreover the targeted dna has to be released from the complex cell walls and the compact nucleoprotein matrixes and cleared from potential inhibitors. the goal of the present work was to assess the efficiency of enzymatic pretreatments on infectious agents to make dna available for further extraction and ...201424936792
antioxidant and antifungal activity of extracts of the aerial parts of thymus capitatus (l.) hoffmanns against four phytopathogenic fungi of citrus sinensis.many medicinal plants from the lamiaceae family can be easily found in algeria. these plants have been used as traditional medicines by local ethnic groups. thymus capitatus is known in algeria as "zaatar" and has been commonly used as a spice, and reported to have many biological effects.201424644439
assessment of rose bengal versus riboflavin photodynamic therapy for inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates.to compare the in vitro effect of rose bengal and riboflavin as photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy (pdt) on fungal isolates that are common causes of fungal keratitis.201424792103
incidence of non-candidal fungal infections in severe burn injury: an australian perspective.infection remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the burns patient population. while candidal infection in burns patients is well described, there is dearth of information regarding non-candidal fungal infections in this setting.201424380706
metal-based carboxamide-derived compounds endowed with antibacterial and antifungal activity.a series of three bioactive thiourea (carboxamide) derivatives, n-(dipropylcarbamothioyl)-thiophene-2-carboxamide (l(1)), n-(dipropylcarbamothioyl)-5-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide (l(2)) and 5-bromo-n-(dipropylcarbamothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide (l(3)) and their cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes (1)-(12) have been synthesized and characterized by their ir,(1)h-nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis data. the crystal structure of one of the ligand, n-(dip ...201423914928
effects of contact lens solution disinfectants against filamentous fungi.to assess and compare the antifungal activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide (phmb), thimerosal, cetylpyridinium chloride, and chlorhexidine, which are disinfectants used in multipurpose disinfectant solutions (mpdss) against ocular pathogenic fusarium solani and aspergillus flavus isolates in vitro.201425279782
clinico-demographical profile of keratomycosis in delhi, north india.this study was undertaken to evaluate the clinico-demographical profile of keratomycosis. (january 2004 to january 2012). the corneal scrapings were processed by direct microscopic methods and standard culture techniques. of 209 cases of keratitis studied, culture yielded growth in 80 cases (38.3%). out of these 80 cases of growth, fungi were isolated in 77.5% and bacteria in 22.5%. the spectrum of keratomycosis was aspergillus flavus (22.5%), fusarium solani (16.1%), a. fumigatus (11.3%), candi ...201425008827
primary cutaneous cryptococcosis caused by cryptococcus gattii vgii in a tsunami survivor from thailand.skin and soft tissue fungal infections with apophysomyces elegans, fusarium solani, cladophialophora bantiana have been reported in survivors from 2004 indian ocean tsunami. we report the first case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis caused by cryptococcus gattii vgii in a tsunami survivor from thailand.201425379396
in vitro evaluation of the ovistatic and ovicidal effect of the cosmopolitan filamentous fungi isolated from soil on ascaris suum eggs.the ovicidal activity of seven fungal strains: acremonium alabamense, alternaria chlamydospora, cladosporium herbarum, fusarium solani, paecilomyces variotii, paecilomyces viridis and penicillium verruculosum isolated from urban soil samples from poland was determined in vitro. the fungal mycelium was co-cultured with ascaris suum eggs on plates with 2% water-agar for 28 days. eggs exposed and unexposed (control) to fungal mycelium were observed weekly by light microscopy and the percentage of m ...201424295958
effect of elicitors and precursors on azadirachtin production in hairy root culture of azadirachta indica.the present study involved strategies for enhancement in in vitro azadirachtin (commercially used biopesticide) production by hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica. improvement in the azadirachtin production via triggering its biosynthetic pathway in plant cells was carried out by the exogenous addition of precursors and elicitors in the growth medium. among the different abiotic stress inducers (ag(+), hg(+2), co(+2), cu(+2)) and signal molecules (methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid) tes ...201424357500
responses of beneficial bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 to different soilborne fungal pathogens through the alteration of antifungal compounds production.bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 exhibited predominantly antagonistic activities against a broad range of soilborne pathogens. the fungi-induced sqr9 extracts possess stronger antifungal activities compared with sqr9 monoculture extracts. to investigate how sqr9 fine-tunes lipopeptides (lps) and a siderophore bacillibactin production to control different fungal pathogens, lps and bacillibactin production and transcription of the respective encoding genes in sqr9 were measured and compared with si ...201425484880
effect of crude plant extracts from some oaxacan flora on two deleterious fungal phytopathogens and extract compatibility with a biofertilizer strain.the antimicrobial activity of 12 plant extracts was tested against the phytopathogens alternaria alternata and fusarium solani. in addition, the compatibility of the extracts toward bacillus liqueniformis, a biofertilizer and a non-target microorganism, was assessed. plants tested belong to the euphorbiaceae, asteraceae, crassulaceae, rubiaceae, convolvulaceae, verbenaceae, orchidaceae, nyctaginaceae, boraginaceae, and tiliaceae families and were collected in the state of oaxaca. the antifungal ...201425147544
analysis of phaseolus vulgaris response to its association with trichoderma harzianum (all-42) in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi rhizoctonia solani and fusarium solani.the present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of trichoderma harzianum (all 42-isolated from brazilian cerrado soil) to promote common bean growth and to modulate its metabolism and defense response in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi rhizoctonia solani and fusarium solani using a proteomic approach. t. harzianum was able to promote common bean plants growth as shown by the increase in root/foliar areas and by size in comparison to plants grown in its absence. the ...201424878929
development of a selective medium for the fungal pathogen cylindrocarpon destructans using radicicol.the soil-borne ascomycete fungus cylindrocarpon destructans causes ginseng root rot disease and produces various secondary metabolites such as brefeldin a and radicicol. the slow growth of this fungus compared with other plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi in soil disturbs isolation of this fungus from soil and infected ginseng. in this study, we developed a selective medium for c. destructans using radicicol produced by this fungus. supplementing 50 mg/l of radicicol to medium inhibited the ...201425506308
how often do they have sex? a comparative analysis of the population structure of seven eukaryotic microbial pathogens.the model of predominant clonal evolution (pce) proposed for micropathogens does not state that genetic exchange is totally absent, but rather, that it is too rare to break the prevalent pce pattern. however, the actual impact of this "residual" genetic exchange should be evaluated. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is an excellent tool to explore the problem. here, we compared online available mlst datasets for seven eukaryotic microbial pathogens: trypanosoma cruzi, the fusarium solani complex ...201425054834
l-asparaginase activity of fungal endophytes from tabernaemontana heyneana wall. (apocynaceae), endemic to the western ghats (india)."endophytes," the microbes residing within the plant tissues, are important sources of secondary metabolites. tabernaemontana heyneana wall., a medicinal tree, endemic to the western ghats with rich ethnobotanical history and unique chemical diversity, was selected to study fungal endophytes and evaluate them for l-asparaginase activity. healthy plant parts were selected for the isolation of endophytes following standard isolation protocols. a total of 727 isolates belonging to 20 taxa were obta ...201427382605
black cobra (naja naja karachiensis) lysates exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.it is hypothesized that animals living in polluted environments possess antimicrobials to counter pathogenic microbes. the fact that snakes feed on germ-infested rodents suggests that they encounter pathogenic microbes and likely possess antimicrobials. the venom is used only to paralyze the rodent, but the ability of snakes to counter potential infections in the gut due to disease-ridden rodents requires robust action of the immune system against a broad range of pathogens. to test this hypothe ...201424625321
assessment of phytochemicals, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of extract and fractions from fagonia olivieri (zygophyllaceae).in pakistan fagonia olivieri (zygophyllaceae) is commonly used in the indigenous system of medicine for treatment of conditions like diabetes, cancer, fever, asthma, toothache, stomach troubles and kidney disorders. this study evaluated the crude methanol extract of f. olivieri (fom) and its derived fractions for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities as well as the classes of phytochemical.201323842440
expression of an engineered heterologous antimicrobial peptide in potato alters plant development and mitigates normal abiotic and biotic responses.antimicrobial cationic peptides (amps) are ubiquitous small proteins used by living cells to defend against a wide spectrum of pathogens. their amphipathic property helps their interaction with negatively charged cellular membrane of the pathogen causing cell lysis and death. amps also modulate signaling pathway(s) and cellular processes in animal models; however, little is known of cellular processes other than the pathogen-lysis phenomenon modulated by amps in plants. an engineered heterologou ...201324147012
antimicrobial constituents of the leaves of mikania micrantha h. b. k.to isolate plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial activity from the leaves of mikania micrantha, to determine the compounds configuration, and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against eight plant pathogenic fungi (exserohilum turcicum, colletotrichum lagenarium, pseudoperonispora cubensis, botrytis cirerea, rhizoctonia solani, phytophthora parasitica, fusarium solani, and pythium aphanidermatum,) and four plant pathogenic bacteria (gram negative bacteria: ralstonia dolaanacearum, xan ...201324098556
broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of melimine covalently bound to contact lenses.to develop a stable antimicrobial contact lens, which is effective against the international organization for standardization (iso) panel microorganisms, acanthamoeba castellanii and drug resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus.201323211820
[microecological mechanisms of red-leaf disease occurrence in salvia miltiorrhiza bge].a comparative study was made on the nutrient content in rhizosphere soil and the microflora in rhizosphere soil and on rhizoplane of healthy and red-leaf diseased salvia miltiorrhiza plants, aimed to approach the microecological mechanisms of red-leaf disease occurrence in s. miltiorrhiza. the n, p, k, and mn contents in the diseased plant leaves were significantly lower than those in the healthy plant leaves (p < 0.05). no significant difference was observed in the available p content in the rh ...201324175532
synthesis and structure-activity relationship of n-(cinnamyl) chitosan analogs as antimicrobial agents.the current study focuses on the preparation of new n-(cinnamyl) chitosan derivatives as antimicrobial agents against nine types of crop-threatening pathogens. chitosan was reacted with a set of aromatic cinnamaldehyde analogs by reductive amination involving formation of the corresponding imines, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride to produce n-(cinnamyl) chitosan derivatives. the structural characterization was confirmed by (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy and the degrees of substitut ...201323511055
in vitro antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi.fungal keratitis is emerging as a major cause of vision loss in a developing country such as china because of higher incidence and the unavailability of effective antifungals. it is urgent to explore broad-spectrum antifungals to effectively suppress ocular fungal pathogens, and to develop new antifungal eye drops to combat this vision-threatening infection. the aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (nano-ag) in comparison with that of natamycin agai ...201323410063
estimation of flavoniods, antimicrobial, antitumor and anticancer activity of carissa opaca fruits.carissa opaca stapf ex hanes fruits is traditionally used in the treatment of asthma, hepatitis and microbial infections. the present study was arranged to investigate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antitumor activity of various fractions of c. opaca extract and its bioactive metabolites responsible for that activity.201324373124
evaluation of (4-aminobutyloxy)quinolines as a novel class of antifungal agents.antifungal assessment of eighteen 5-, 6- and 8-(4-aminobutyloxy)quinolines revealed a significant susceptibility of the tested fungi and yeast strains (candida albicans, rhodotorula bogoriensis, aspergillus flavus and fusarium solani) toward different halo-substituted 8-(4-aminobutyloxy)quinolines. the six most potent compounds displayed antifungal activities similar to those of established antifungal agents such as amphotericin b, fluconazole and itraconazole, and one representative also showed ...201323838261
l-tyrosinatonickel(ii) complex: synthesis and structural, spectroscopic, magnetic, and biological properties of 2{[ni(l-tyr)2(bpy)]}·3h2o·ch3oh.the complex 2{[ni(l-tyr)2(bpy)]}·3h2o·ch3oh [1, where l-tyr = l-tyrosine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bpy)] was obtained in crystalline form and characterized by x-ray and spectroscopic (ft-ir, nir-vis-uv, and hfepr) and magnetic methods. the complex crystallized in the hexagonal system with a = b = 12.8116(18) å, c = 30.035(6) å, and space group p3221. the six-coordination sphere around the ni(2+) ion is formed by two n and two o l-tyrosinato atoms and completed by two n atoms of the 2,2'-bpy m ...201323534408
characterization of fungal keratitis in alpacas: 11 cases (2003-2012).to describe clinical, microbiological, in vivo confocal microscopic, and histopathologic features of fungal keratitis in alpacas and to estimate prevalence of the disease in a population of alpacas from the northeastern united states.201324261813
equine keratomycosis in japan.to describe the incidence, clinical progress, visual outcome, and laboratory findings of equine keratomycosis in japan.201322372681
synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-chloromethyl-1h-benzimidazole derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi in vitro.a series of 35 benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized from 2-chloromethyl-1h-benzimidazole in good yields. their structures were characterized by (1)h and (13)c nmr and hresims. antifungal activities of all of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against five phytopathogens fungi (cytospora sp., colletotrichum gloeosporioides, botrytis cinerea, alternaria solani, and fusarium solani) using the mycelium growth rate method. compound 4m displayed strong growth inhibition of c. gloeosporioid ...201323419161
assessment of fungal viability after long-wave ultraviolet light irradiation combined with riboflavin administration.corneal collagen cross-linking (cxl), a technique that combines riboflavin administration with long-wave ultraviolet light irradiation, was primarily developed to increase the biomechanical strength of collagen fibrils of the cornea to avoid the progression of keratoconus. recently, this method has been proposed to treat selected cases of infectious keratitis.201323180236
fungal communities associated with the biodegradation of polyester polyurethane buried under compost at different temperatures.plastics play an essential role in the modern world due to their low cost and durability. however, accumulation of plastic waste in the environment causes wide-scale pollution with long-lasting effects, making plastic waste management expensive and problematic. polyurethanes (pus) are heteropolymers that made up ca. 7% of the total plastic production in europe in 2011. polyester pus in particular have been extensively reported as susceptible to microbial biodegradation in the environment, partic ...201324056469
improvement of biocontrol of damping-off and root rot/wilt of faba bean by salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide.rhizoctonia solani, fusarium solani, f. oxysporum, and macrophomina phaseolina were found to be associated with root rott and wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected from different fieldes in new valley governorate, egypt. all the obtained isolates were able to attack faba bean plants (cv. giza 40) causing damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases. r. solani isolates 2 and 5, f. solani isolate 8, f. oxysporum isolate 12 and m. phaseolina isolate 14 were the more virulent ones in the pathogenici ...201323610539
fusarium falciforme infection of foot in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report and review of the literature.fungal infections of foot in patients with diabetes are not uncommon; however, foot infection due to fusarium species has been rarely reported. we report here a case of a 50-year-old male with type 2 diabetes who developed multiple spontaneous nodular lesions on right foot without any systemic symptoms and signs for 6 months. the lesions were unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibacterial treatment. fine needle aspiration cytology of nodular lesions revealed the presence of fungal hyphae, and fusa ...201323813152
lipases efficiently stearate and cutinases acetylate the surface of arabinoxylan films.this is the first report on successful enzyme catalyzed surface esterification of hemicellulose films. enzyme catalyzed surface acetylation with vinyl acetate and stearation with vinyl stearate were studied on rye arabinoxylan (ax) films. different surface analytical techniques (ft-ir, tof-sims, esca, ca) show that lipases from mucor javanicus, rhizopus oryzae and candida rugosa successfully surface stearate ax films and that a cutinase from fusarium solani pisi surface acetylates these films. t ...201323774036
fungal endocarditis.fungal endocarditis remains a rare disease occurring mostly in patients with predisposing host conditions. regarding its poor prognosis because of severe complications, there is an urgent need for properly established treatment guidelines and prophylaxis for patients at risk. in this review we provide up-to-date information on treatment recommendations, and discuss recent case reports on fungal endocarditis and challenges in prophylaxis and treatment.201324126720
root rot of balloon flower (platycodon grandiflorum) caused by fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum.balloon flower (platycodon grandiflorum) is a kind of mountain herbs whose roots have restorative properties and the cultivating acreage of balloon flower has been steadily increasing in korea. more frequent rain and high amount of rainfalls as a result of climate changes predisposed balloon flower to the outbreaks of root rot at high-density cultivation area in recent years. root crowns were usually discolored into brown to blackish brown at first and the infected plants showed slight wilting s ...201325288973
morphological and molecular characterization of fusarium. solani and f. oxysporum associated with crown disease of oil palm.crown disease (cd) is infecting oil palm in the early stages of the crop development. previous studies showed that fusarium species were commonly associated with cd. however, the identity of the species has not been resolved. this study was carried out to identify and characterize through morphological approaches and to determine the genetic diversity of the fusarium species. 51 isolates (39%) of fusarium solani and 40 isolates (31%) of fusarium oxysporum were recovered from oil palm with typica ...201324516465
fusarium subglutinans: a new eumycetoma agent.eumycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis mainly caused by madurella spp. fusarium opportunistic infections in humans are often caused by fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum. we report a case of eumycetoma by f. subglutinans, diagnosed by clinical aspect and culture, and confirmed by pcr sequencing. the patient was successfully treated with oral itraconazole. to our knowledge, this is the second report of human infection and the first case of mycetoma by fusarium subglutinans.201324432236
murine model of disseminated fusariosis: evaluation of the fungal burden by traditional cfu and quantitative pcr.systemic disease is the most severe clinical form of fusariosis, and the treatment involves a challenge due to the refractory response to antifungals. treatment for murine fusarium solani infection has been described in models that employ cfu quantitation in organs as a parameter of therapeutic efficacy. however, cfu counts do not precisely reproduce the amount of cells for filamentous fungi such as f. solani. in this study, we developed a murine model of disseminated fusariosis and compared the ...201323943405
colonization of a central venous catheter by the hyaline fungus fusarium solani species complex: a case report and sem imaging.the incidence of opportunistic infections by filamentous fungi is increasing partly due to the widespread use of central venous catheters (cvc), indwelling medical devices, and antineoplastic/immunosuppressive drugs. the case of a 13-year-old boy under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is presented. the boy was readmitted to the pediatric ward for intermittent fever of unknown origin. results of blood cultures drawn from peripheral venous sites or through the cvc were compared. cvc-deri ...201323935636
fusariosis, a complex infection caused by a high diversity of fungal species refractory to treatment.in recent years the number of opportunistic invasive fusariosis has increased significantly, the main factors involved in these infections being reviewed here. in spite of the extensive literature published the advances in the management of disseminated fusariosis have been very poor and it remains a severe infection, refractory to treatment and with a high mortality rate. there are no ideal therapies and the presence of neutropenia has a critical part to play in the outcome of the infection. at ...201323934595
fusarium euwallaceae sp. nov.--a symbiotic fungus of euwallacea sp., an invasive ambrosia beetle in israel and california.the invasive asian ambrosia beetle euwallacea sp. (coleoptera, scolytinae, xyleborini) and a novel fusarium sp. that it farms in its galleries as a source of nutrition causes serious damage to more than 20 species of live trees and pose a serious threat to avocado production (persea americana) in israel and california. adult female beetles are equipped with mandibular mycangia in which its fungal symbiont is transported within and from the natal galleries. damage caused to the xylem is associate ...201323928415
optimization of a bioactive exopolysaccharide production from endophytic fusarium solani sd5.endophytic fungi were less investigated for exopolysaccharide production. in this study endophytic fusarium solani sd5 was used for optimization of exopolysaccharide production. one variable at a time method and response surface methodology were employed to explore the optimum medium compositions and fermentation conditions. the organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide after 13.68 days of incubation at 28 °c in potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 9.8; yeast extract, 0.69; ...201323911494
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