Publications

dpph (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of flavonoids obtained from some medicinal plants.	a reactive oxygen species has been implicated in a range of human pathological diseases such as atherosclerosis and certain cancers. flavonoids are reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidative and free radical scavenging activities. several flavonoids obtained from barley leaves, soybean and some medicinal plants, silybum marianum, sophorae flos, cinnamon, ephedrae herba and scutellariae radix, were tested for their dpph (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scave ...	2001	11642334
pharmacokinetic study of iodine-labeled silibinins in rat.	the very low bioavailability of silibinin (silybin, sb), the main antioxidant flavonolignan of silymarin from silybum marianum l. (asteraceae), requires sensitive methods to study the modulation of silibinin bioavailability. to evaluate the potential for use of radiolabeled silibinin, two silibinin derivatives, separated by hplc after iodination ((125)i-sb(1) and (125)i-sb(2)) and their complexes 1 : 1 with phosphatidylcholine ((125)i-spc(1) and (125)i-spc(2)) were administered concurrently with ...	2001	11529693
antiulcerogenic effect of some gastrointestinally acting plant extracts and their combination.	extracts from the plants iberis amara, melissa officinalis, matricaria recutita, carum carvi, mentha x piperita, glycyrrhiza glabra, angelica archangelica, silybum marianum and chelidonium majus, singly and combined in the form of a commercial preparation, stw 5 (iberogast) and a modified formulation, stw 5-ii, lacking the last 3 constituents, were tested for their potential anti-ulcerogenic activity against indometacin induced gastric ulcers of the rat as well as for their antisecretory and cyt ...	2001	11505785
induction of human promyelocytic leukemia hl-60 cell differentiation into monocytes by silibinin: involvement of protein kinase c.	the effect of silibinin, an active component of silybum marianum, on cellular differentiation was investigated in the human promyelocytic leukemia hl-60 cell culture system. treatment of hl-60 cells with silibinin inhibited cellular proliferation and induced cellular differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. cytofluorometric analysis and morphologic studies indicated that silibinin induced differentiation of hl-60 cells predominantly into monocytes. importantly, strongly synergistic induction ...	2001	11377378
the in vitro effect of helichrysi flos on microsomal lipid peroxidation.	helichrysum arenarium (l.) moench has long been known as a medicinal plant in europe for its cholagogue, choleretic, hepatoprotective and detoxifying activities. antioxidant properties of its main phenolics, flavonoids may be supposed to be responsible for these effects. the aim of this study was to verify the antioxidant properties of lyophilized water extracts with different polyphenol and flavonoid contents from inflorescences. the effects of natural extracts on microsomal fraction of rat liv ...	2001	11483375
[effect of silybum marianum oil and legalon on lipid peroxidation and liver antioxidant systems in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride].	an oil obtained from the seeds of saint-mary thistle (silybum marianum) and the drug legalon (silybinin) prepared from this plant produce an antioxidant effect on liver tissues of rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride. legalon (25 mg/kg) and the oil (2000 mg) reduced the level of lipid peroxidation, increased the catalase activity, but did not reduce the concentration of selenium in liver (which decreased as a result of ccl4 intoxication). legalon significantly increased the activity of supero ...	2001	11589112
[effects of bioflavonoids on the toxicity of t-toxin in rats. a biochemical study].	the enrichment of a diet of rats by flavonoids of milk thistle, silybum marianum, reduced toxicity of t-2 toxin and was accompanied by reduction of a degree of change of total and nonsedimentable activity of lysosomal enzymes and microsomal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.	2000	11247160
evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of five herbal plants.	a group of medicinal plants including, silybum marianum, matricaria chamomilla, calendula officinalis, cichorium intybus and dracocephalum kotschyi which grow in iran, were extracted with ethanol 70% and the mitogenic activity was examined both on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymocytes. effect of these extracts on proliferative responsiveness of human lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (pha) and on the mixed lymphocyte reaction (mlr) was also investigated. the results obtained indicate ...	2000	10967468
fetoprotectivity of the flavanolignan compound siliphos against ethanol-induced toxicity.	of the three flavanolignans that are found in silymarin (silybum marianum [l.] gaertn.), silybin is thought to be the primary therapeutic constituent. to test the capacity of silybin to protect the rat fetus from toxic effects of maternally ingested etoh we did the following: adult female rats were assigned to one of four groups; etoh, etoh/silybin, pair-fed control, and chow fed control. silybin was orally administered as siliphos(r), which is one part silybin to two parts phosphatidylcholine. ...	2000	11054841
5'-methoxyhydnocarpin-d and pheophorbide a: berberis species components that potentiate berberine growth inhibition of resistant staphylococcus aureus.	a new method of bioactivity-directed fractionation, based on multidrug resistant pump (mdr) inhibition in staphylococcus aureus, was demonstrated. this resulted in the isolation, from berberine-containing berberis species, of two compounds that are themselves devoid of s. aureus antibacterial activity, but that form potent synergistic couples with a subinhibitory concentration of berberine. the bacterial mdr pump inhibitors were identified as the flavonolignan 2 and the porphyrin 3. another natu ...	2000	10978214
inhibitory effects of silibinin on cytochrome p-450 enzymes in human liver microsomes.	silibinin, the main constituent of silymarin, a flavonoid drug from silybum marianum used in liver disease, was tested for inhibition of human cytochrome p-450 enzymes. metabolic activities were determined in liver microsomes from two donors using selective substrates. with each substrate, incubations were carried out with and without silibinin (concentrations 3.7-300 microm) at 37 degrees in 0.1 m kh2po4 buffer containing up to 3% dmso. metabolite concentrations were determined by hplc or direc ...	2000	10895987
anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of silymarin acting through inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase.	silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans, comprised mainly of three isomers, silybin, silydianin and silychristin isolated from the fruits of silybum marianum, is currently in therapeutic use as a hepatoprotective agent. silymarin on evaluation exhibited significant antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activities in the papaya latex induced model of inflammation and mycobacterial adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. results of the study indicate its action through inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase for ant ...	2000	10782486
stimulatory effects of silibinin and silicristin from the milk thistle silybum marianum on kidney cells.	the biochemical influence of flavonolignans from the milk thistle silybum marianum has been tested on kidney cells of african green monkeys. two nonmalignant cell lines were selected, with the focus of the work on the fibroblast-like vero line. proliferation rate, biosynthesis of protein and dna, and the activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (as a measure of the cellular metabolic activity) were chosen as parameters for the effect of the flavonolignans. silibinin and silicristin show rema ...	1999	10454517
prevention by a silymarin/phospholipid compound of ethanol-induced social learning deficits in rats.	we explored the possibility that silymarin (sy), a fraction from silybum marianum, might protect against the effects of in utero exposure to ethanol upon subsequent social memory function. three groups of 8 pregnant female sprague-dawley rats each were provided with a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol derived calories (edc). one experimental group received a daily subcutaneous injection of 400 mg/kg sy, the second, a 400 mg/kg oral dose of sy, a third group was maintained on the 35% edc diet. a ...	1999	10418328
silymarin suppresses tnf-induced activation of nf-kappa b, c-jun n-terminal kinase, and apoptosis.	silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from milk thistle (silybum marianum) that has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anticarcinogenic effects. how silymarin produces these effects is not understood, but it may involve suppression of nf-kappa b, a nuclear transcription factor, which regulates the expression of various genes involved in inflammation, cytoprotection, and carcinogenesis. in this report, we investigated the effect of silymarin on nf-kappa b activation induced by various ...	1999	10586080
activities of silymarin and its flavonolignans upon low density lipoprotein oxidizability in vitro.	silymarin, a standardized extract from silybum marianum, inhibited in vitro the copper-induced oxidation of human ldl in a concentration-dependent manner. silybin, a main flavonolignan of silymarin, appeared to be responsible for this ldl antioxidant effect. silychristin and silydianin, other flavonolignans of silymarin, acted rather as pro-oxidants, but with regard to their content in silymarin, it did not contribute significantly to the reduction of the total ldl antioxidant capacity of silyma ...	1999	10479770
a review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part two.	botanical medicines have been used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. clinical research in this century has confirmed the efficacy of several plants in the treatment of liver disease, while basic scientific research has uncovered the mechanisms by which some plants provide their therapeutic effects. this article is part two in a review of botanicals used in the treatment of liver disease. curcuma longa (turmeric), camel ...	1999	10383482
effect of silymarin on serum cholesterol levels in rats.	previously we have shown that perorally administered silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the seeds of silybum marianum, possesses a hypocholesterolemic effect in rats fed high cholesterol diet enriched with fat. the aim of this paper was to complete the data concerning peroral and parenteral administration of silymarin. the rats fed standard laboratory diet did not respond to peroral administration of silymarin by decrease of serum cholesterol, but the mild increase in hdl chol ...	1998	9684492
silymarin inhibits the development of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats.	to study the ability of silymarin, a standardized mixture of antioxidant flavonolignans from the medicinal plant silybum marianum, and of silybin, the main flavonolignan of silymarin, to inhibit the development of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia the rats were fed high cholesterol diet (hcd). silymarin or silybin were given as dietary supplements, and their influences on serum cholesterol levels were compared to those of probucol, an antioxidant hypocholesterolemic drug. anticholesterolemic eff ...	1998	9525106
study of the refirming effect of a plant complex.	loss of skin elasticity is one of the main problems of ageing. this is a mechanical property influenced by elastin, a protein in the dermis which, together with collagen and glycosaminoglycans, makes up the connective tissue. this tissue is affected by a large number of events (such as cutaneous ageing, pregnancy, slimming processes and cellulitis) which eventually cause it to change. at the same time, the metabolism of the proteins of the connective tissue decreases and there is an ever greater ...	1998	18505506
putative effect of silymarin on sawfly (arge pullata)-induced hepatotoxicosis in sheep.	the prevention of hepatotoxicity from sawfly larvae (arge pullata) was studied in 8 lambs by using silymarin, a botanical compound isolated from silybum marianum. of 2 lambs dosed orally with larvae only, 1 had a marked toxic response whereas the other responded poorly as judged from clinical parameters, blood biochemistry and pathology. two lambs treated with penicillin, glucose and silymarin 7 and 24 h after larvae dosing were not affected by toxicosis, whereas 2 lambs treated similarly but wi ...	1996	8693692
inhibition of kupffer cell functions as an explanation for the hepatoprotective properties of silibinin.	the flavonoid silibinin, the main compound extracted from the milk thistle silybum marianum, displays hepatoprotective properties in acute and chronic liver injury. to further elucidate the mechanisms by which it acts, we studied the effects of silibinin on different functions of isolated rat kupffer cells, namely the formation of superoxide anion radical (02-), nitric oxide (no), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)), and leukotriene b(4) (ltb(4)). production of 0 ...	1996	8666328
gastroprotection induced by silymarin, the hepatoprotective principle of silybum marianum in ischemia-reperfusion mucosal injury: role of neutrophils.	investigations were carried out to determine the antiulcer effects of silymarin, the hepatoprotective principle of silybum marianum l. gaertn., in gastric injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and its effects on mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, an index of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, after injury in rats. these results were compared with those from rats that received allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and with those from rats made neutropenic by prior administration of ...	1995	7753916
liver function and hiv-1 infection.	persons with hiv may have previous or concurrent liver impairment as a result of injection drug use, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and damage from medications. additional stress is placed on the liver by low-grade opportunistic infections and hemophilia. it is especially important that persons with hiv care for their liver to help this organ remain physiologically normal during chronic and acute management of hiv infection. although modern pharmaceutical medicine does not provide liver tonics or sup ...	1995	11362718
effect of the flavanolignans of silybum marianum l. on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and freshly isolated hepatocytes.	the effect of several flavanolignans (silicristin, silidianin, silybin and isosilybin) present in silymarin, the extract of silybum marianum fruits, was tested on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and freshly isolated hepatocytes. in microsomes lipid peroxidation was generated by adp/fe2+ and nadph. all flavanolignans inhibited peroxidation in a concentration dependent manner. in hepatocytes lipid peroxidation was induced by adp/fe3+ complex and cell damage was evaluated as ldh activity ...	1992	1635893
[milk thistle (silybum marianum, l., gaertn.) in the feed of ketotic cows].	two comparative trials were performed, each with 16 cows which in the period of 2-6 weeks after parturition had 7.9 mg and more acetone in 1 litre of milk. the cows, crossbreds of the czech red-pied cattle with the holstein cattle, were divided into control and test groups, eight in each using the system of pairs. the cows of test groups were given for a fortnight feed rations containing a meal of milk thistle (silybum marianum, l., gaert.) seeds, at a rate of 0.3 kg per head/day with the conten ...	1991	1807027
advances in pharmacological studies of silymarin.	silymarin is the flavonoids extracted from the seeds of silybum marianum (l) gearth as a mixture of three structural isomers: silybin, silydianin and silychristin, the former being the most active component. silymarin protects liver cell membrane against hepatotoxic agents and improves liver function in experimental animals and humans. it is generally accepted that silymarin exerts a membrane-stabilizing action preventing or inhibiting membrane peroxidation. the experiments with soybean lipoxyge ...	1991	1842018
protection against microcystin-lr-induced hepatotoxicity by silymarin: biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality.	microcystin-lr, a cyclic heptapeptide synthesized by the blue-green algae, microcystis aeruginosa, is a potent hepatotoxin. pathological examination of livers from mice and rats that received microcystin-lr revealed severe, peracute, diffuse, centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhage. these changes were correlated with increased serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. pretreatment of either rats or mice with a single dose of si ...	1991	1902564
picroliv affords protection against thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage in rats.	thioacetamide (100 mg/kg), when administered to normal rats, caused a significant increase in the activities of 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and a decrease in the activities of glucose 6-phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase enzymes in the liver. dna, rna, and proteins were increased while the cytochrome p450 in the microsomal fraction and the glycogen content in the liver were decreased significantly. elevations in the activities of got, gpt, and alkaline phosphatase and ...	1991	2062953
silibinin (legalon-70) enhances the motility of human neutrophils immobilized by formyl-tripeptide, calcium ionophore, lymphokine and by normal human serum.	experiments reported here were designed to investigate the effect of silibinin (extracted from silybum marianum) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) motility and on leukocyte immobilizing activity of lymphokine (leukocyte inhibitory factor, lif), formyl-met-leu-phe (fmlp), calcium ionophore a-23187 and human sera inactivated by heat (hi-s). in the in vitro experiments, silibinin (1-10 micrograms/ml) failed to influence the random motility of unstimulated pmns in agarose droplet assay, but ...	1990	2111081
hepatoprotective activity of silymarin against hepatic damage in mastomys natalensis infected with plasmodium berghei.	silymarin, a flavolignan from the seeds of silybum marianum, showed significant hepatoprotective activity in p. berghei-induced hepatic damage in m. natalensis, as assessed by changes in several serum and liver biochemical parameters. changes in lipoprotein-x, got, gpt, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin were found to be protected by silymarin at different doses. maximum activity was observed at a dose of 5 mg/kg bw, po. silymarin had no effect on parasitaemia.	1989	2697691
selectivity of silymarin on the increase of the glutathione content in different tissues of the rat.	silymarin, a flavonoid extracted from the seeds of the milk thistle, silybum marianum, increases the redox state and the total glutathione content of the liver, intestine, and stomach of the rat. the same treatment does not affect the levels of the tripeptides in the kidney, lung, and spleen. this selective effect of the flavonoid on the digestive organs is ascribed to its pharmacokinetics on the digestive track, where the biliary concentration of silymarin is increased and maintained via the en ...	1989	2813578
silybin inhibition of human t-lymphocyte activation.	silybin, a 3-oxyflavone occurring in the thistle silybum marianum, displays a dose-dependent inhibition of in-vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by lectins (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin a and pokeweed) and by anti-cd3 monoclonal antibody. the drug has no effect on cell viability and spontaneous 3h-thymidine incorporation, suggesting that the inhibitory activity is not due to aspecific toxicity. since all the t-cell responses investigated require cell-membrane-associated events, the effe ...	1988	3265704
silymarin: potent inhibitor of cyclic amp phosphodiesterase.	silymarin, the active principle of the milk thistle (silybum marianum gaertner), is a very potent inhibitor of cyclic amp breakdown in vitro by a commercial beef heart phosphodiesterase preparation. its main constituents, silybin, silydianin and silychristin, are 12.66 to 52.06 times more active than theophylline and 0.77 to 3.17 times more active than papaverine in this respect. using a novel hplc technique, the enzyme kinetical analysis can be performed much faster than by the classical method ...	1985	3001454
drug-membrane interactions: silymarin, silibyn and microsomal membranes.	silymarin and silibyn are extracted from the seeds of silybum marianum and used as a liver protectant because of their free radical scavenging. when incorporated into rabbit liver microsomes they cause a small decrease in the flourescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (dph) but not of 1-anilinononaphthalene-8-sulphonic acid (ans), incorporated into the membranes. they do, however, reduce the fluorescence intensity of incorporated ans without changing the wavelength of maximum inten ...	1984	6467519
antihepatotoxic actions of flavonolignans from silybum marianum fruits.		1984	6091165
[der einsatz von prometryn und desmetryn bei thymus vulgaris, salvia officinalis und silybum marianum und ihre auswirkung auf ertrag und inhaltsstoffe.]		1982	17396836
[influence of silybin-dihemisuccinate on fatty acid synthesis in rat liver (author's transl)].	1. the influence of silybin-dihemisuccinate, a derivative of the flavonolignane silybin from silybum marianum l. gaertn., on fatty acid biosynthesis of rat liver was studied measuring the radioactivity incorporation of [1-14c]-acetate and 3h2o in fatty acids of the postmitochondrial supernatant of liver homogenates and in fatty acids of liver slices as well as the activities of enzymes involved in do novo synthesis of fatty acids. 2. in the postmitochondrial supernatant of liver homogenates or i ...	1979	39576
the influence of silybin from silybum marianum (l.) gaertn. on in vitro phosphatidyl choline biosynthesis in rat livers.	in rat livers, removed 60 min after i.p. application of 150.6 mg/kg silybin-dihemisuccinate-di-na-salt, in vitro incorporation of choline-(methyl-14c) into phosphatidyl choline by the postmitochondrial fraction of liver homogenates was enhanced in comparison with controls. these results are associated with increased activities of ctp-choline-phosphate cytidyltransferase. enzyme activities were also enhanced after addition of 7.5 x 10(-6) mol/l silybin to incubation mixtures obtained from untreat ...	1979	582978
[constituents of silybum marianum and their therapeutic use].		1978	743375
[stimulation of rna synthesis in rat liver and isolated hepatocytes by silybin, an antihepatotoxic agent from silybum marianum l. gaertn (author's transl)].	the incorporation of [3h] orotic acid into rna from rat livers is stimulated by the flavonolignane derivative silybin. the time course of the rna synthesis and its dose dependence were demonstrated with isolated hepatocytes and [3h]uridine. the specific radioactivity of the newly synthesized rna in rats treated with silybin is markedly higher than that of the controls. from preliminary experiments there is no indication that the synthesis of a distinct species of rna is stimulated preferentially ...	1976	976944
[general pharmacologic properties of silybine and silymarine in the rat].	silybine is the main active substance of the polyhydroxyphenylchromanone derivatives extracted from the seeds of silybum marianum. in the normal albinos rat, this pure compound (from 2 mg/100 g) lowers directly the systemic blood pressure. it does not increase vascular permeability. it potentiates post-serotonine hypertension. silybine antagonizes cutaneous oedemas and suppresses the fall of blood pressure induced by dextran polymers. it inhibits anaphylactic shock in rats sensitized by ovalbumi ...	1975	50765
the effects of silymarin on experimental phalloidine poisoning.	the hepatoprotective action of silymarin, the active principle extracted from the fruit of silybum marianum (l.) gaertn., in animals (dogs, rabbits, rats, mice) intoxicated with phalloidine is evident, both after protective and curative treatment. a dose of 15 mg/kg of silymarin protects every animal when given 60 min before the toxin. when injected 10 mim after phalloidine, a dose of 100 mg/kg of silymarin again provides total protection. however, as the time span between administration of the ...	1975	125090
[on the pharmacology and toxicology of silymarin, an antihepatotoxic active principle from silybum marianum (l.) gaertn].		1968	5755807
nitrate poisoning in cattle due to ingestion of variegated thistle, silybum marianum.		1955	13221510