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the legacy of genetic analysis advances contemporary research with escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2.escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 became standard organisms for genetic analysis during the truman administration. half a century later, genetic analysis with these strains had become an art form, interpreted through 23 articles in the ambitious two-volume masterpiece edited by the late fred neidhardt and colleagues. these legacy articles now are available through ecosal plus, so as to inform and inspire contemporary genetic analyses in these standard organism ...201728443537
virulence of invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 in animal models of infection.salmonella typhimurium sequence type (st) 313 produces septicemia in infants in sub-saharan africa. although there are known genetic and phenotypic differences between st313 strains and gastroenteritis-associated st19 strains, conflicting data about the in vivo virulence of st313 strains have been reported. to resolve these differences, we tested clinical salmonella typhimurium st313 and st19 strains in murine and rhesus macaque infection models. the 50% lethal dose (ld50) was determined for thr ...201728783750
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: are they effective antimicrobials?silver nanoparticles (agnps) are increasingly being used in medical applications. therefore, cost effective and green methods for generating agnps are required.201728767978
novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-3 in escherichia coli.the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has attracted global attention, as it heralds the breach of polymyxins, one of the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of severe clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. to date, six slightly different variants of mcr-1, and a second mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-2, have been reported or annotated in the genbank database. here, we characterized a third mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-3 the gene coexisted ...201728655818
the antibacterial and antifungal activity of six essential oils and their cyto/genotoxicity to human hel 12469 cells.six essential oils (from oregano, thyme, clove, lavender, clary sage, and arborvitae) exhibited different antibacterial and antifungal properties. antimicrobial activity was shown against pathogenic (escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and enterococcus faecalis) and environmental bacteria (bacillus cereus, arthrobacter protophormiae, pseudomonas fragi) and fungi (chaetomium globosum, penicillium chrysogenum, cladospori ...201728811611
production of recombinant antimicrobial polymeric protein beta casein-e 50-52 and its antimicrobial synergistic effects assessment with thymol.accelerating emergence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens and consumers' increasing demands for preservative-free foods are two contemporary challenging aspects within the food industry. antimicrobial packaging and the use of natural preservatives are promising solutions. in the present study, we used beta-casein-one of the primary self-assembly proteins in milk with a high polymeric film production capability-as a fusion partner for the recombinant expression of e 50-52 antimicrob ...201728561787
edible wild plant heracleum pyrenaicum subsp. orsinii as a potential new source of bioactive essential oils.many heracleum l. taxa (apiaceae) are used as food and spices, and in traditional medicine. in this work, the chemical composition of heracleum pyrenaicum subsp. orsinii (guss.) f. pedrotti and pignatti root, leaf and fruit essential oils, their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect on malignant and normal cells were investigated for the first time. the composition of the oils was analyzed by gc and gc-ms. monoterpenes prevailed in the root oil, with β-pinene (38.6%) being dominant, while ...201728740275
dietary safety of a dual-enzyme preparation for animal feed: acute and subchronic oral toxicity and genotoxicity studies.animal feed is routinely supplemented with exogenous enzymes to improve nutrient utilization, such as proteases to enhance protein hydrolysis in vivo and xylanases to alleviate feed related anti-nutritional factors. the present studies were conducted to evaluate the potential oral toxicity and genotoxicity of a dual-enzyme preparation, vegpro(®) concentrate (vpr-c). acute oral toxicity studies were conducted in adult male and female sprague-dawley crl cd rats and chs swiss ico:ofi (iops caw) mic ...201728583667
bio-mining the forest ecosystem of north east india for identification of antimicrobial metabolites from fungi through submerged fermentation.in this study, fungi isolated from less explored forest soil ecosystem of northeast india were studied for the production of potential antimicrobial metabolites (amm). out of the 68 fungi isolated from forest soil of manipur, 7 of them showed ama against the test pathogens. among them, aspergillus terreus (ibsd-f4) showed the most significant activity against staphylococcus aureus (atcc-25923), bacillus anthracis (ibsd-c370), pseudomonas fluorescens (atcc-13525), salmonella typhimurium (atcc-140 ...201728578806
synergistic antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of nisin in combination with p-coumaric acid against foodborne bacteria bacillus cereus and salmonella typhimurium.the aim of the study was to evaluate possible antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of a bacteriocin, nisin with two essential oil components linalool and p-coumaric acid in combination against foodborne bacteria bacillus cereus and salmonella typhimurium. their inhibition effects on planktonic cells and pre-formed biofilms were evaluated using microbroth dilution and checkerboard titration methods. nisin/ p-coumaric acid combination showed synergistic effects against planktonic cells of both t ...201728815637
phenolic acids and flavonoids of peanut by-products: antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial effects.peanut skin (ps) and meal from dry-blanched peanuts (mdbp) were evaluated as sources of phenolic compounds. ps rendered the highest total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity towards abts radical cation, dpph and hydroxyl radicals as well as reducing power. phenolic acids were present in ps and mdbp whereas proanthocyanidins and monomeric flavonoids were found only in ps as identified by hplc-dad-esi-ms(n). procyanidin-rich extracts prevented oxidation in non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated fi ...201728764032
isolation, morphological identification and in vitro antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from azadirachta indica (neem) leaves.the objective of this study was to isolate endophytic bacteria from azadirachta indica (neem) leaves, their identification and investigate their antibacterial activity against three gram-positive bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and bacillus cereus and gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella pneumoniae.201728620254
use of whey as a culture medium for bacillus clausii for the production of protein hydrolysates with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.the use of whey as a natural culture medium to produce hydrolysates with antimicrobial from bacillus clausii is the objective of this research. the fermentation process was carried out at 25 ℃ for five days, where proteolytic activity, soluble peptides quantification, and antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method were determined every day. the fermented whey reached values ​​of proteolytic activity between 90 and 260 u ml(-1) and a production of soluble peptides between 100 and 2070 ...201728816527
anti-biofilm effects of anthranilate on a broad range of bacteria.anthranilate, one of tryptophan degradation products has been reported to interfere with biofilm formation by pseudomonas aeruginosa. here, we investigated the effects of anthranilate on biofilm formation by various bacteria and the mechanisms responsible. anthranilate commonly inhibited biofilm formation by p. aeruginosa, vibrio vulnificus, bacillus subtilis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus, and disrupted biofilms preformed by these bacteria. because anthranil ...201728819217
circulating and tissue-resident cd4+ t cells with reactivity to intestinal microbiota are abundant in healthy individuals and function is altered during inflammation.interactions between commensal microbes and the immune system are tightly regulated and maintain intestinal homeostasis, but little is known about these interactions in humans. we investigated responses of human cd4(+) t cells to the intestinal microbiota. we measured the abundance of t cells in circulation and intestinal tissues that respond to intestinal microbes and determined their clonal diversity. we also assessed their functional phenotypes and effects on intestinal resident cell populati ...201728782508
the probiotic combination of bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis cect 7210 and bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis bpl6 reduces pathogen loads and improves gut health of weaned piglets orally challenged with salmonella typhimurium.probiotics have been demonstrated to be useful to enhance gut health and prevent gastrointestinal infections in humans. additionally, some multi-strain probiotic combinations have been suggested to have greater efficacy than single strains. the objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of a combination of the probiotic strains: bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis cect 7210 (brand name b. infantis im1(®)) and b. animalis subsp. lactis bpl6 to enhance gut health and to ameliorate ...201728861074
evaluation of the probiotic strain bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis cect 7210 capacities to improve health status and fight digestive pathogens in a piglet model.probiotics have been demonstrated to be useful to enhance gut health and prevent gastrointestinal infections. the objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of the probiotic strain bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis cect 7210 (b. infantis im1) to prevent and fight intestinal disease by using a salmonella typhimurium (trial 1) or an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k88 (trial 2) oral challenge in a weaning piglet model. seventy-two piglets were used in each trial. after an adapta ...201728443068
brucella lipopolysaccharide reinforced salmonella delivering brucella immunogens protects mice against virulent challenge.intracellular pathogen salmonella exhibits natural infection broadly analogous to brucella, this phenomenon makes salmonella a pragmatic choice for an anti-brucella vaccine delivery platform. in this study we developed and formulated a combination of four attenuated salmonella typhimurium live vector strains delivering heterologous brucella antigens (rbs), namely lumazine synthase, proline racemase subunit a, lipoprotein outer membrane protein-19, and cu-zn superoxide dismutase. with an aim to d ...201728622869
getting "inside" type i ifns: type i ifns in intracellular bacterial infections.type i interferons represent a unique and complex group of cytokines, serving many purposes during innate and adaptive immunity. discovered in the context of viral infections, type i ifns are now known to have myriad effects in infectious and autoimmune disease settings. type i ifn signaling during bacterial infections is dependent on many factors including whether the infecting bacterium is intracellular or extracellular, as different signaling pathways are activated. as such, the repercussions ...201728529959
survival of selected foodborne pathogens on dry cured pork loins.the safety of ready-to-eat products such as cured pork loins must be guaranteed by the food industry. in the present study, the efficacy of the dry curing process of pork loins obtained from free-range pigs in the reduction of three of the most important foodborne pathogens is analysed. a total of 28 pork loin segments, with an average weight of 0.57±0.12kg, were divided into four groups with three being inoculated by immersion with 7logcfu/ml of either salmonella typhimurium, campylobacter coli ...201728759797
postchill antimicrobial treatments to control salmonella, listeria, and campylobacter contamination on chicken skin used in ground chicken.ground poultry products are frequently contaminated with foodborne pathogens. with the potential for increased regulatory scrutiny, it is important to use sufficient intervention strategies to control pathogen levels effectively. a large proportion of the bacteria introduced to ground chicken are likely to come from broiler skin, which is added to achieve target fat content and maintain product texture and taste. in this research, antimicrobials, including 50 ppm of chlorine and 1,200 ppm of per ...201728414258
optimization of inactivated h5n9 highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine and inactivated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine with antigen dose and prime-boost regimen in domestic ducks.owing to the increase in the number of diseases affecting ducks and the demand for food safety by consumers, vaccination has become one of the factors that influence duck meat productivity. the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus is one of the most prevalent and causes one of the most lethal diseases in domestic ducks, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen persistent in the domestic duck population. to better understand the optimal usage of hpai and s. e ...201728633491
a consensus-hemagglutinin-based vaccine delivered by an attenuated salmonella mutant protects chickens against heterologous h7n1 influenza virus.h7n3 and h7n7 are highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses and have posed a great threat not only for the poultry industry but for the human health as well. h7n9, a low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus, is also highly pathogenic to humans, and there is a great concern that these h7 subtypes would acquire the ability to spread efficiently between humans, thereby becoming a pandemic threat. a vaccine candidate covering all the three subtypes must, therefore, be an integral part of a ...201728418904
mucosal and systemic immune responses to influenza h7n9 antigen ha1-2 co-delivered intranasally with flagellin or polyethyleneimine in mice and chickens.consecutive cases of human infection with h7n9 influenza viruses since 2013 in china have prompted efforts to develop an effective treatment. subunit vaccines introduced by intranasal administration can block an infection at its primary site; flagellin (flic) and polyethyleneimine (pei) have been shown to be potent adjuvants. we previously generated the hemagglutinin (ha)1-2-flic fusion protein consisting of the globular head domain (ha1-2; amino acids 62-284) of ha fused with salmonella typhimu ...201728424686
flagellin fljb as an adjuvant to the recombinant adenovirus rabies glycoprotein vaccine increases immune responses against rabies in mice.rabies virus (rabv) causes an acute progressive viral encephalitis. although currently licensed vaccines have an excellent safety and efficacy record, the development of a safer and more cost-effective vaccine is still being sought. an e1-deleted, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (had5) vector expressing rabv glycoprotein (had5-g) is thought to be a promising candidate vaccine for immune prophylaxis against rabies. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) flagellin i ...201728550434
stand-alone eal domain proteins form a distinct subclass of eal proteins involved in regulation of cell motility and biofilm formation in enterobacteria.the second messenger cyclic dimeric gmp (c-di-gmp) is almost ubiquitous among bacteria as are the c-di-gmp turnover proteins, which mediate the transition between motility and sessility. eal domain proteins have been characterized as c-di-gmp-specific phosphodiesterases. while most eal domain proteins contain additional, usually n-terminal, domains, there is a distinct family of proteins with stand-alone eal domains, exemplified by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium proteins stm3611 (yhjh/p ...201728652301
lack of acrb efflux function confers loss of virulence on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.acrab-tolc is the paradigm resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) multidrug resistance efflux system in gram-negative bacteria, with acrb being the pump protein in this complex. we constructed a nonfunctional acrb mutant by replacing d408, a highly conserved residue essential for proton translocation. western blotting confirmed that the acrb d408a mutant had the same native level of expression of acrb as the parental strain. the mutant had no growth deficiencies in rich or minimal medium. however, ...201728720734
intestinal epithelial ecto-5' -nucleotidase (cd73) regulates intestinal colonization and infection by nontyphoidal salmonella.ecto-5' -nucleotidase (cd73) is expressed abundantly on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells (iec) and functions as the terminal enzyme in the generation of extracellular adenosine. previous work has demonstrated that adenosine signaling in iecs results in a number of tissue-protective effects during inflammation; however, a rationale for its apical expression has been lacking. we hypothesized that the highly polarized expression of cd73 is indicative of an important role for extrac ...201728717030
salmonella typhimurium infection in total knee arthroplasty: a case report with review of literature.salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is a rare cause of prosthetic joint infection (pji). the recognized predisposing risk factors for salmonella septic arthritis include diabetes mellitus, renal failure, human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic corticosteroid use. we describe a case of pji of the knee in a 74-year-old lady who was on antitubercular treatment. the patient presented with discharging sinus and raised inflammatory markers. she was successfully treated by the removal o ...201728706395
quinolones and fluroquinolones metabolism and resistance in salmonella typhimurium: a mini review.salmonella enterica serovars causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. more than 2500 different serotypes of salmonella were identified to date. in particular, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is the most important serotype of salmonella transmitted from animals to humans in most parts of the world. they are associated with an estimated 1 million deaths annually. quinolones are an important class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials has been utilized in the treatment option for ov ...201728699507
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium st34 co-expressing blandm-5 and blactx-m-55 isolated in china. 201728698668
development of a novel, rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and differentiation of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium using ultra-fast convection polymerase chain reaction.salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium are the most common causative agents of human nontyphoidal salmonellosis. the rapid detection and timely treatment of salmonellosis are important to increase the curative ratio and prevent spreading of the disease. in this study, we developed a rapid multiplex convection polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to detect salmonella spp. and differentiate salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium. we used the inva gene for salmonella ...201728696782
role of sapa and yfga in susceptibility to antibody-mediated complement-dependent killing and virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the st313 pathovar of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contributes to a high burden of invasive disease among african infants and hiv-infected adults. it is characterized by genome degradation (loss of coding capacity) and has increased resistance to antibody-dependent complement-mediated killing compared with enterocolitis-causing strains of s typhimurium. vaccination is an attractive disease-prevention strategy, and leading candidates focus on the induction of bactericidal antibodies. a ...201728674031
spv locus aggravates salmonella infection of zebrafish adult by inducing th1/th2 shift to th2 polarization.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) are facultative intracellular enteric pathogens causing disease with a broad range of hosts. it was known that th1-type cytokines such as ifn-γ, il-12, and tnf-α etc. could induce protective immunity against intracellular pathogens, while th2-type cytokines such as il-4, il-10, and il-13 etc. are proved to help pathogens survive inside hosts and cause severe infection. one of the critical virulence factor attributes to the pathogenesis of ...201728666864
sopb-mediated recruitment of snx18 facilitates salmonella typhimurium internalization by the host cell.to invade epithelial cells, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) induces macropinocytosis through the action of virulence proteins delivered across the host cell membrane via a type iii secretion system. we show that after docking at the plasma membrane s. typhimurium triggers rapid recruitment of cytosolic snx18, a sh3-px-bar domain sorting nexin protein, to the bacteria-induced membrane ruffles and to the nascent salmonella-containing vacuole. snx18 recruitment required the ...201728664153
bacterial autophagy: offense and defense at the host-pathogen interface.autophagy is a fundamental cellular process used for the turnover and recycling of cytosolic components and damaged organelles. originally characterized as a response to cellular stress, it now is well established that autophagy also is used as a defensive mechanism to combat the infection of host cells by intracellular pathogens. however, although this defensive strategy does limit the proliferation of most pathogens within their host cells, successful pathogens have evolved countermeasures tha ...201728660242
coordinated expression of acrab-tolc and eight other functional efflux pumps through activating rama and mara in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the aim of this study was to determine the expression of eight other functional transporter genes upon acrab inactivation and also the expression of acrab when the function of eight other transporters are impaired in salmonella enterica. we used single- or multigene deletion mutants (i.e., δacra, δacrb, δtolc, δacrab, δacref, δacrd, δmdsabc, δmdtabc, δemrab, δmacab, δmdfa, δmdtk, δacrabrama, δacrabmara, and δacrabsoxs) and real time (rt)-pcr to quantify the expression of different pump and regul ...201728650690
control of virulence gene transcription by indirect readout in vibrio cholerae and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.indirect readout mechanisms of transcription control rely on the recognition of dna shape by transcription factors (tfs). tfs may also employ a direct readout mechanism that involves the reading of the base sequence in the dna major groove at the binding site. tfs with winged helix-turn-helix (whth) motifs use an alpha helix to read the base sequence in the major groove while inserting a beta sheet 'wing' into the adjacent minor groove. such whth proteins are important regulators of virulence ge ...201728631437
sipa activation of caspase-3 is a decisive mediator of host cell survival at early stages of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection.salmonella invasion protein a (sipa) is a dual-function effector protein that plays roles in both actin polymerization and caspase-3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells. to date its function in other cell types has remained largely unknown despite its expression in multiple cell types and its extracellular secretion during infection. here we show that in macrophages sipa induces increased caspase-3 activation early in infection. this activation required a threshold level of sipa linked to ...201728630067
elimination of persistent vaccine bacteria of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the guts of immunized mice by inducible expression of truncated ynce.orally administered vaccine bacteria usually persist for a period of time in the intestinal tracts of immunized individuals, and are excreted in feces to the environment resulting in a potential biosafety issue. the releasing risk can be minimized by immediate elimination of the persistent vaccine bacteria once adequate protective immune responses have been elicited by the vaccine bacteria. in a previous study, inducible expression of truncated ynce gene (ynce*) was found lethal to host bacteria ...201728628661
rna target profiles direct the discovery of virulence functions for the cold-shock proteins cspc and cspe.the functions of many bacterial rna-binding proteins remain obscure because of a lack of knowledge of their cellular ligands. although well-studied cold-shock protein a (cspa) family members are induced and function at low temperature, others are highly expressed in infection-relevant conditions. here, we have profiled transcripts bound in vivo by the cspa family members of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to link the constitutively expressed cspc and cspe proteins with virulence pathways ...201728611217
resistance to the cyclotide cycloviolacin o2 in salmonella enterica caused by different mutations that often confer cross-resistance or collateral sensitivity to other antimicrobial peptides.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are essential components of innate immunity in all living organisms, and these potent broad-spectrum antimicrobials have inspired several antibacterial development programs in the past 2 decades. in this study, the development of resistance to the gram-negative bacterium-specific peptide cycloviolacin o2 (cyo2), a member of the cyclotide family of plant miniproteins, was characterized in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. mutants isolated from serial passa ...201728607015
draft genome sequences of salmonella lysozyme gene knockout mutants.lysozyme enzymes hydrolyze the β-1,4-glycosidic bond in oligosaccharides. these enzymes are part of a broad group of glucoside hydrolases that are poorly characterized; however, they are important for growth and are being recognized as emerging virulence factors. this is the release of four lysozyme-encoding-gene-deletion mutants in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2.201728596411
transcriptomic analysis of the swarm motility phenotype of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutant defective in periplasmic glucan synthesis.movement of food-borne pathogens on moist surfaces enables them to migrate towards more favorable niches and facilitate their survival for extended periods of time. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutants defective in osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opg) synthesis are unable to exhibit motility on moist surfaces (swarming); however, their mobility in liquid (swim motility) remains unaffected. in order to understand the role of opg in swarm motility, transcriptomic analysis was perform ...201728593349
factors influencing the salmonella internalization into seedpods and whole plants of arachis hypogaea (l.).here we investigated whether salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 14028 was capable of internalizing in peanut seedpods and plants when exposed to inoculated soil and the edaphic factors that influenced uptake. intact dry virginia (dv) and fresh green virginia (gv) seedpods were exposed to soil containing 6.5 log (cfu/g) salmonella under different soil moisture conditions. internalization of s. typhimurium into peanut plants germinated in inoculated soil was also examined with and withou ...201728576367
signal transduction pathway mediated by the novel regulator loia for low oxygen tension induced salmonella typhimurium invasion.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a major intestinal pathogen of both humans and animals. salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1)-encoded virulence genes are required for s. typhimurium invasion. while oxygen (o2) limitation is an important signal for spi-1 induction under host conditions, how the signal is received and integrated to the central spi-1 regulatory system in s. typhimurium is not clear. here, we report a signal transduction pathway that activates spi-1 e ...201728575106
sugar sulfates are not hydrolyzed by the acid-inducible sulfatase asla from salmonella enterica enteritidis nal(r) and kentucky 3795 at ph 5.5.the open reading frames sen0085 and seka_a4361, from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis nal(r) and serovar kentucky 3795, respectively, corresponding to the acid-inducible sulfatase gene asla from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, were previously suggested by microarray analysis to be differentially expressed under acid conditions. however, growth and enzyme activity tests in the present study demonstrated that both wild-type strains exhibited sulfatase activity with 4-nitrophenyl su ...201728558253
the in vitro and in vivo protective effects of tannin derivatives against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection.in this study, we investigated the protective effects of tannin-derived components, gallic acid (ga) and tannic acid (ta), in vitro and in vivo against salmonella infection in mice. both ga and ta showed antibacterial effects against salmonella (s.) typhimurium as well as inhibitory effects on the adherence, invasion, and intracellular growth of the pathogens in macrophages. following a lethal dose of salmonella infection in mice, reduced virulence in both ga- and ta-treated groups was observed ...201728552635
quantitative proteomic analysis of host epithelial cells infected by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.systems-level analyses have the capability to offer new insight into host-pathogen interactions on the molecular level. using salmonella infection of host epithelial cells as a model system, we previously analyzed intracellular bacterial proteome as a window into pathogens' adaptations to their host environment [infect. immun. 2015; j. proteome res. 2017]. herein we extended our efforts to quantitatively examine protein expression of host cells during infection. in total, we identified more than ...201728544771
proteome remodelling by the stress sigma factor rpos/σ(s) in salmonella: identification of small proteins and evidence for post-transcriptional regulation.the rpos/σ(s) sigma subunit of rna polymerase is the master regulator of the general stress response in many gram-negative bacteria. extensive studies have been conducted on σ(s)-regulated gene expression at the transcriptional level. in contrast, very limited information regarding the impact of σ(s) on global protein production is available. in this study, we used a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to explore the wide σ(s)-dependent proteome of the human pathogen salmonella enterica ...201728522802
amylases and their importance during glycan degradation: genome sequence release of salmonella amylase knockout strains.amylases catalyze the cleavage of α-d-1,4 and α-d-1,6-glycosidic bonds in starch and related carbohydrates. amylases are widely distributed in nature and are important in carbohydrate metabolism. this is the release of four single and two double deletions in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 that are important for glycan degradation during infection.201728522713
genomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt160 associated with a 14-year outbreak, new zealand, 1998-2012.during 1998-2012, an extended outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive type 160 (dt160) affected >3,000 humans and killed wild birds in new zealand. however, the relationship between dt160 within these 2 host groups and the origin of the outbreak are unknown. whole-genome sequencing was used to compare 109 salmonella typhimurium dt160 isolates from sources throughout new zealand. we provide evidence that dt160 was introduced into new zealand around 1997 and rapidly propagat ...201728516864
salmonella diva vaccine reduces disease, colonization and shedding due to virulent s. typhimurium infection in swine.non-host-adapted salmonella serovars, including the common human food-borne pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), are opportunistic pathogens that can colonize food-producing animals without causing overt disease. interventions against salmonella are needed to enhance food safety, protect animal health and allow the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva).201728516860
zinc supplementation, via gpr39, upregulates pkcζ to protect intestinal barrier integrity in caco-2 cells challenged by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.background: zinc has been shown to improve intestinal barrier function against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infection, but the mechanisms involved in this process remain undefined.objective: we aimed to explore the roles of g protein-coupled receptor (gpr)39 and protein kinase cζ (pkcζ) in the regulation by zinc of intestinal barrier function.methods: a transwell caco-2 monolayer was pretreated with 0, 50, or 100 μm zn and then incubated with s. typhimurium for 0-6 h. ...201728515165
iron- and hepcidin-independent downregulation of the iron exporter ferroportin in macrophages during salmonella infection.retention of iron in tissue macrophages via upregulation of hepcidin (hamp) and downregulation of the iron exporter ferroportin (fpn) is thought to participate in the establishment of anemia of inflammation after infection. however, an upregulation of fpn has been proposed to limit macrophages iron access to intracellular pathogens. therefore, we studied the iron homeostasis and in particular the regulation of fpn after infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in mice presenting ti ...201728507548
tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) mediates ubiquitination-dependent stat3 activation upon salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can inject effector proteins into host cells via type iii secretion systems (t3sss). these effector proteins modulate a variety of host transcriptional responses to facilitate bacterial growth and survival. here we show that infection of host cells with s typhimurium specifically induces the ubiquitination of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6). this traf6 ubiquitination is triggered by the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) t ...201728507064
persistence of salmonella typhimurium lt2 in soil enhanced after growth in lettuce medium.the persistence of salmonella in the environment is influenced by a multitude of biotic and abiotic factors. in addition, its persistence can be influenced by preadaptation before the introduction into the environment. in order to study how preadaptation changes the survival of salmonella in soil and therefore its potential to colonize the phytosphere, we developed a new medium based on lettuce material [lettuce medium (lm)]. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 was used as a model ...201728503171
implication of sialidases in salmonella infection: genome release of sialidase knockout strains from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2.sialidases, which are widely distributed in nature, cleave the α-ketosidic bond of terminal sialic acid residue. these emerging virulence factors degrade the host glycan. we report here the release of seven sialidase and one sialic acid transporter deletion in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2, which are important in cellular invasion during infection.201728495784
genotypic and phenotypic characterization of multidrug resistant salmonella typhimurium and salmonella kentucky strains recovered from chicken carcasses.salmonella typhimurium is the leading cause of human non-typhoidal gastroenteritis in the us. s. kentucky is one the most commonly recovered serovars from commercially processed poultry carcasses. this study compared the genotypic and phenotypic properties of two salmonella enterica strains typhimurium (st221_31b) and kentucky (sk222_32b) recovered from commercially processed chicken carcasses using whole genome sequencing, phenotype characterizations and an intracellular killing assay. illumina ...201728481935
isolation and characterization of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium from chicken meat in egypt.salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium represent the major serovars associated with human salmonellosis. contamination of meat products with these serovars is considered the main source of infection.201728459222
genetic and dietary iron overload differentially affect the course of salmonella typhimurium infection.genetic and dietary forms of iron overload have distinctive clinical and pathophysiological features. hfe-associated hereditary hemochromatosis is characterized by overwhelming intestinal iron absorption, parenchymal iron deposition, and macrophage iron depletion. in contrast, excessive dietary iron intake results in iron deposition in macrophages. however, the functional consequences of genetic and dietary iron overload for the control of microbes are incompletely understood. using hfe(+/+) and ...201728443246
invs coordinates expression of prgh and fimz and is required for invasion of epithelial cells by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.deep sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of the bacterial rna world and has facilitated the identification of 280 small rnas (srnas) in salmonella despite the suspicions that srnas may play important roles in salmonella pathogenesis, the functions of most srnas remain unknown. to advance our understanding of rna biology in salmonella virulence, we searched for srnas required for bacterial invasion into nonphagocytic cells. after screening 75 srnas, we discovered that the ablation of ...201728439039
optimizing the restored chemotactic behavior of anticancer agent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vnp20009.bacteria, including strains of salmonella, have been researched and applied as therapeutic cancer agents for centuries. salmonella are particularly of interest due to their facultative anaerobic nature, facilitating colonization of differentially oxygenated tumor regions. additionally, salmonella can be manipulated with relative ease, resulting in the ability to attenuate the pathogen or engineer vectors for drug delivery. it was recently discovered that the anti-cancer salmonella enterica serov ...201728433721
effect of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vnp20009 and vnp20009 with restored chemotaxis on 4t1 mouse mammary carcinoma progression.a variety of bacterial strains have been evaluated as bio-therapeutic and immunomodulatory agents to treat cancer. one such strain, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vnp20009, which is attenuated by a purine auxotrophic mutation and modified lipid a, is characterized in previous models as a safely administered, tumor colonizing agent. however, earlier work tended to use less aggressive cancer cell lines and immunocompromised animal models. here, we investigated the safety and efficacy of v ...201728431394
survival and transfer efficacy of mixed strain salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium from beef burgers to abiotic surfaces and determination of individual strain contribution.the aim of the study was to evaluate the survival and transfer efficacy of 3 salmonella typhimurium strains from beef burgers to abiotic surfaces and determine the individual strain distribution. s. typhimurium population on beef burgers during incubation remained constant at initial levels of contamination approximately 3 and 5 log cfu/g. additionally, the survival of pathogens on soiled hdpe surfaces was significant during incubation at both initial inocula, while ca 1.5 log cfu/cm(2) reductio ...201728431296
an unmodified wobble uridine in trnas specific for glutamine, lysine, and glutamic acid from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium results in nonviability-due to increased missense errors?in the wobble position of trnas specific for gln, lys, and glu a universally conserved 5-methylene-2-thiouridine derivative (xm5s2u34, x denotes any of several chemical substituents and 34 denotes the wobble position) is present, which is 5-(carboxy)methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine ((c)mnm5s2u34) in bacteria and 5-methylcarboxymethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2u34) in eukarya. here we show that mutants of the bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 lacking either the s2- or the (c)mnm5-gr ...201728430781
a second wave of salmonella t3ss1 activity prolongs the lifespan of infected epithelial cells.type iii secretion system 1 (t3ss1) is used by the enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to establish infection in the gut. effector proteins translocated by this system across the plasma membrane facilitate invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. one such effector, the inositol phosphatase sopb, contributes to invasion and mediates activation of the pro-survival kinase akt. following internalization, some bacteria escape from the salmonella-containing vacuole into the cytosol ...201728426838
gre factors-mediated control of hild transcription is essential for the invasion of epithelial cells by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the invasion of epithelial cells by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a very tightly regulated process. signaling cascades triggered by different environmental and physiological signals converge to control hild, an arac regulator that coordinates the expression of several virulence factors. the expression of hild is modulated at several steps of the expression process. here, we report that the invasion of epithelial cells by s. typhimurium strains lacking the gre factors, grea and greb, ...201728426789
reversible synthesis of colanic acid and o-antigen polysaccharides in salmonella typhimurium enhances induction of cross-immune responses and provides protection against heterologous salmonella challenge.colanic acid (ca) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) are two major mannose-containing extracellular polysaccharides of salmonella. their presence on the bacterial surface can mask conserved protective outer membrane proteins (omps) from the host immune system. the mannose moiety in these molecules is derived from gdp-mannose, which is synthesized in several steps. the first two steps require the action of phosphomannose isomerase, encoded by pmi (mana), followed by phosphomannomutase, encoded by manb. ...201728412074
modified bacteriophage s16 long tail fiber proteins for rapid and specific immobilization and detection of salmonella cells.bacteriophage-based assays and biosensors rival traditional antibody-based immunoassays for detection of low-level salmonella contaminations. in this study, we harnessed the binding specificity of the long tail fiber (ltf) from bacteriophage s16 as an affinity molecule for the immobilization, enrichment, and detection of salmonella we demonstrate that paramagnetic beads (mbs) coated with recombinant gp37-gp38 ltf complexes (ltf-mbs) are highly effective tools for rapid affinity magnetic separati ...201728411223
salmonella typhimurium diarrhea reveals basic principles of enteropathogen infection and disease-promoted dna exchange.despite decades of research, efficient therapies for most enteropathogenic bacteria are still lacking. in this review, we focus on salmonella enterica typhimurium (s. typhimurium), a frequent cause of acute, self-limiting food-borne diarrhea and a model that has revealed key principles of enteropathogen infection. we review the steps of gut infection and the mucosal innate-immune defenses limiting pathogen burdens, and we discuss how inflammation boosts gut luminal s. typhimurium growth. we also ...201728407482
antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in shanghai, china.we aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates identified from patients with diarrhea in shanghai. the isolates showed high rates of resistance to traditional antimicrobials, and 20.6, 12.7, and 5.5% of them exhibited decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, respectively. notably, 47 ...201728400764
purification and characterization of the bacterial flagellar basal body from salmonella enterica.the bacterial flagellum is a motility organelle. the flagellum is composed of three main structures: the basal body as a rotary engine embedded in the cellular membranes and cell wall, the long external filament that acts as a propeller, and the hook acting as a universal joint that connects them. i describe protocols for the purification of the filament and hook-basal body from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.201728389946
fluorescent microscopy techniques to study hook length control and flagella formation.the bacterial flagellum is a sophisticated motility device made of about 30 different proteins and consists of three main structural parts: (1) a membrane-embedded basal body, (2) a flexible linking structure (the hook) that connects the basal body to, (3) the rigid filament that extends up to 10 μm from the cell surface. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, the hook structure is controlled to a length of 55 nm by a molecular ruler protein, flik. only upon hook completion, flik induces a ...201728389943
fuel of the bacterial flagellar type iii protein export apparatus.the flagellar type iii export apparatus utilizes atp and proton motive force (pmf) across the cytoplasmic membrane as the energy sources and transports flagellar component proteins from the cytoplasm to the distal growing end of the growing structure to construct the bacterial flagellum beyond the cellular membranes. the flagellar type iii export apparatus coordinates flagellar protein export with assembly by ordered export of substrates to parallel with their order of the assembly. the export a ...201728389941
supplemental invasion of salmonella from the perspective of salmonella enterica serovars kentucky and typhimurium.critical to the development of salmonellosis in humans is the interaction of the bacterium with the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract. traditional scientific reasoning held type iii secretion system (t3ss) as the virulence factor responsible for bacterial invasion. in this study, field-isolated salmonella enterica serovar kentucky and a known human pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were mutated and evaluated for the invasion of human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithel ...201728381209
rna-seq-based analysis of drug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium selected in vivo and in vitro.the aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism of fluoroquinolone (fq) resistance in salmonella typhimurium. we established the caenorhabditis elegans-salmonella typhimurium model to select for ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella typhimurium colonizing c. elegans, generating the resistant strains tn4. gradient doses of ciprofloxacin were used to generate the resistant strain tw4 in vitro. rna sequencing was used to establish the whole-transcriptome profile of three strains of salmone ...201728380031
novel dna binding and regulatory activities for σ(54) (rpon) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium 14028s.the variable sigma (σ) subunit of the bacterial rna polymerase (rnap) holoenzyme, which is responsible for promoter specificity and open complex formation, plays a strategic role in the response to environmental changes. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium utilizes the housekeeping σ(70) and five alternative sigma factors, including σ(54) the σ(54)-rnap differs from other σ-rnap holoenzymes in that it forms a stable closed complex with the promoter and requires atp hydrolysis by an activated ...201728373272
chemical composition and biological activities of helicteres vegae and heliopsis sinaloensis.helicteres vegae cristóbal (sterculiaceae) (hv) and heliopsis sinaloensis b.l. turner (asteraceae) (hs) are endangered and poorly studied plant species; related plants have been used against chronic-degenerative and infectious diseases. therefore, hv and hs could be sources of bioactive compounds against these illnesses.201728347185
epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits bacterial virulence and invasion of host cells.increasing antibiotic resistance and beneficial effects of host microbiota has motivated the search for anti-infective agents that attenuate bacterial virulence rather than growth. for example, we discovered that specific flavonoids such as baicalein and quercetin from traditional medicinal plant extracts could attenuate salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type iii protein secretion and invasion of host cells. here, we show epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea extracts also inhibits the ...201728325635
silver nanoparticles against salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium: role of inner membrane dysfunction.the evolution of antibiotics-resistant bacteria is considered a major concern. to explore promising antibacterial materials and clarify their unknown mechanisms, the mode of action of silver nanoparticles (agnps) against salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium was investigated. we investigated the effect of agnps on the bacterial membrane. the n-phenyl-1-naphthylamine assay showed that the permeability of the outer membrane was not changed by treatment with agnps. the o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactop ...201728321528
a potential role of salmonella infection in the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) includes a set of pathologies that result from a deregulated immune response that may affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract. the most prevalent and defined forms of ibd are crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. although the etiology of ibd is not well defined, it has been suggested that environmental and genetic factors contribute to disease development and that the interaction between these two factors can trigger the pathology. diet, medication use ...201728293241
foodborne salmonellosis in italy: characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i- isolated from salami and human patients.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (stm) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (vmstm) have been responsible for an increased number of foodborne infections in humans in europe in recent years. the aim of this study was to investigate the origin of three foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks that occurred in pavia province (lombardy region, northern italy) in 2010. phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the stm and vmstm isolates from patients and from food that were recovered in the frame ...201728291384
high binding affinity of repressor iolr avoids costs of untimely induction of myo-inositol utilization by salmonella typhimurium.growth of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain 14028 with myo-inositol (mi) is characterized by a bistable phenotype that manifests with an extraordinarily long (34 h) and variable lag phase. when cells were pre-grown in minimal medium with mi, however, the lag phase shortened drastically to eight hours, and to six hours in the absence of the regulator iolr. to unravel the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon, we investigated this repressor in more detail. flow cytometry analysis ...201728290506
gene expression values of pattern-recognition receptors in porcine leukocytes and their response to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection.pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in triggering innate immune responses. prrs distribution and function is well documented in mice and humans, but studies in pigs are scarce. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is common pathogen found in pigs and was used as a model for interaction with prrs. this study investigated expression of prrs in porcine leukocyte subpopulations at the mrna level. eight subpopulations of ...201728285125
fermented rapeseed meal is effective in controlling salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection and improving growth performance in broiler chicks.the aim of present experiment was to assess the effects of fermented rapeseed meal (frsm) on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) colonization and growth performance in broiler chicks. two hundred forty day-old male cobb 500 broiler chicks were divided into six experimental treatments with four replicates and 10 birds per each. the treatments were including two positive and negative controls which birds received a basal corn-soybean diet as well as four others which birds rec ...201728284629
genomic heterogeneity of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriuria from chronic infection.we sequenced the genomes of 14 sequential salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates obtained over a five year period from a patient with persistent salmonella bacteriuria. the isolates formed five distinct lineages; two of which co-existed over four years. we inferred that the observed within-patient variation resulted from mutation events.201728279807
an association between decreasing incidence of invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis and increased use of antiretroviral therapy, gauteng province, south africa, 2003-2013.hiv-infected persons are at increased risk of opportunistic infections, including invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) infections; antiretroviral therapy (art) reduces this risk. we explored changing ints incidence associated with increasing art availability in south africa.201728264046
efflux pump overexpression contributes to tigecycline heteroresistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.bacterial heteroresistance has been identified in several combinations of bacteria and antibiotics, and it complicated the therapeutic strategies. tigecycline is being used as one of the optimal options for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant salmonella. this study investigated whether heterorresistance to tigecycline exists in a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain harboring the oqxab-bearing inchi2 plasmid phxy0908. mic and population analyses were performed to ...201728261566
erratum for mccollister et al., whole-genome sequencing identifies in vivo acquisition of a blactx-m-27-carrying incfii transmissible plasmid as the cause of ceftriaxone treatment failure for an invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection. 201728232307
scarless deletion of up to seven methyl-accepting chemotaxis genes with an optimized method highlights key function of chem in salmonella typhimurium.site-directed scarless mutagenesis is an essential tool of modern pathogenesis research. we describe an optimized two-step protocol for genome editing in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to enable multiple sequential mutagenesis steps in a single strain. the system is based on the λ red recombinase-catalyzed integration of a selectable antibiotics resistance marker followed by replacement of this cassette. markerless mutants are selected by expressing the meganuclease i-scei which induces ...201728212413
plant lectins conbr and cfl modulate expression toll-like receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the bacterial burden in macrophages infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.plant lectins have long been used in biomedical research as immunomodulators against tumor cells and microbial infections.201728190471
synthesis of l-cysteine derivatives containing stable sulfur isotopes and application of this synthesis to reactive sulfur metabolome.cysteine persulfide is an l-cysteine derivative having one additional sulfur atom bound to a cysteinyl thiol group, and it serves as a reactive sulfur species that regulates redox homeostasis in cells. here, we describe a rapid and efficient method of synthesis of l-cysteine derivatives containing isotopic sulfur atoms and application of this method to a reactive sulfur metabolome. we used bacterial cysteine syntheses to incorporate isotopic sulfur atoms into the sulfhydryl moiety of l-cysteine. ...201728189853
salmonella effector sopd2 interferes with rab34 function.many intracellular pathogens have evolved highly specialized mechanisms to isolate themselves from the host cell's innate immune response while still obtaining the necessary nutrients to survive. salmonella utilizes type 3 secretion systems (t3sss) to deliver bacterial proteins called effectors, across the encompassing salmonella containing vacuole (scv) membrane, to subvert the host's membrane trafficking pathways and alter other cellular processes. the salmonella pathogenicity island (spi)-2 e ...201728185347
elongation factor p restricts salmonella's growth by controlling translation of a mg(2+) transporter gene during infection.when a ribosome translates mrna sequences, the ribosome often stalls at certain codons because it is hard to translate. consecutive proline codons are such examples that induce ribosome stalling and elongation factor p (ef-p) is required for the stalled ribosome to continue translation at those consecutive proline codons. we found that ef-p is required for translation of the mgtb gene encoding a mg(2+) transporter in the mgtcbr virulence operon from the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica ...201728181542
ceruloplasmin-derived peptide is the strongest regulator of oxidative stress and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils.ceruloplasmin, an acute-phase protein, can affect the activity of leukocytes through its various enzymatic activities and protein-protein interactions (with lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, serprocidins, and 5-lipoxygenase (5-lox), among others). however, the molecular mechanisms of ceruloplasmin activity are not clearly understood. in this study, we tested the ability of two synthetic peptides, rpylkvfnpr (883-892) (p1) and rrpylkvfnprr (882-893) (p2), corresponding to the i ...201728177760
occurrence of penicillium brocae and penicillium citreonigrum, which produce a mutagenic metabolite and a mycotoxin citreoviridin, respectively, in selected commercially available rice grains in thailand.commercially available rice grains in thailand were examined to isolate the monoverticillate penicillium species responsible for toxic yellowed rice. penicillium species were obtained from seven out of 10 rice samples tested. among them, one penicillium citreonigrum isolate and six penicillium brocae isolates were morphologically identified. the p. citreonigrum isolate produced the mycotoxin citreoviridin on a yeast extract sucrose broth medium. mycotoxin surveys showed that citreoviridin was no ...201728617318
population-based incidence, seasonality and serotype distribution of invasive salmonellosis among children in nanoro, rural burkina faso.bloodstream infections (bsi) caused by salmonella typhi and invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) frequently affect children living in rural sub-saharan africa but data about incidence and serotype distribution are rare.201728692655
loss of humoral and cellular immunity to invasive nontyphoidal salmonella during current or convalescent plasmodium falciparum infection in malawian children.invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) infections are commonly associated with plasmodium falciparum infections, but the immunologic basis for this linkage is poorly understood. we hypothesized that p. falciparum infection compromises the humoral and cellular immunity of the host to nts, which increases the susceptibility of the host to ints infection. we prospectively recruited children aged between 6 and 60 months at a community health centre in blantyre, malawi, and allocated them to the fol ...201728515136
in vitro toxicological assessment of arrabidaea brachypoda (dc.) bureau: mutagenicity and estrogenicity studies.arrabidaea brachypoda (dc.) bureau is a shrub native cerrado, known as "cipó-una", "tintureiro" or "cervejinha do campo" and popularly used in southeastern and northeastern brazil to treatment of kidney stones and painful joints (arthritis). nevertheless, scientific information regarding this species is scarce, and there are no reports related to its possible estrogenic and mutagenic effects. thus, the principal objective of this study was to assess the mutagenic and estrogenic activities of the ...201728823851
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