Publications

hantavirus and arenavirus antibody prevalence in rodents and humans in trentino, northern italy.	the spatial and temporal distribution of hantavirus and arenavirus antibody-positive wild rodents in trentino, italy, was studied using immunofluorescence assays (ifa) in two long-term sites trapped in 2000-2003, and six other sites trapped in 2002. the overall hantavirus seroprevalence in the bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus (n=229) screened for puumala virus (puuv) antibodies was 0.4%, and that for apodemus flavicollis mice (n=1416) screened for dobrava virus (dobv) antibodies was 0.2%. ant ...	2006	16371172
is there an association of pneumocystis infection with the presence of arena-, hanta-, and poxvirus antibodies in wild mice and shrews in finland?	as part of studies on the nature of the endemic virus infections in natural rodent hosts, the possible association of cyst forms of pneumocystis spp. with the presence of hanta-, cowpox-, and arenavirus antibodies in wild mice (apodemus flavicollis, n=105; apodemus agrarius, n=63; micromys minutus, n=50) and the common shrew (sorex araneus, n=101) was studied in south-central finland. one hantavirus (saaremaa virus, saav) seropositive a. agrarius, and 2 cowpoxvirus (cpxv) seropositive s. araneus ...	2006	16556344
murine gammaherpesvirus (mhv) mk3 gene sequence diversity among 72, 4556, and 68 strains.	murid herpesvirus 4 (muhv-4) currently serves as a model for study of human gamma-herpesvirus pathogenesis. it codes for mk3 protein that similarly as k5 protein of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are members of a family of structurally related viral immune evasion molecules possessing ring-ch finger domain with ubiquitin ligase activity. murine herpesvirus 72 (mhv-72) isolated from the same species of free-living small rodent is considered as closely related to murine herpesvirus 68 (mh ...	2006	16791419
abundance of wild rodents, ticks and environmental risk of lyme borreliosis: a longitudinal study in an area of mazury lakes district of poland.	the results of a longitudinal epidemiological survey in two contrasting habitats in an area of the mazury lakes district of poland indicate that both host and vector (ixodes ricinus) densities, may be the most important risk factors for the tick-transmitted spirochetes of borrelia burgdirferi s.l. however, the results also highlight that even related host species, such as the wild rodents apodemus flavicollis and clethrionomys glareolus that share the same habitat, can show quite different dynam ...	2006	17196004
selection in a cycling population: differential response among skeletal traits.	population density cycles influence phenotypic evolution through both density-dependent selection during periods of high density and through enhanced genetic drift during periods of low density. we investigated the response of different phenotypic traits to the same density cycles in a population of the yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis, from białowieza national park in poland. we examined nonmetric skull traits, skull and mandible size, skull and mandible shape, and transferrin allele f ...	2006	17089976
seasonal variations in detecting borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from north eastern austria.	austria is well known as an endemic area of lyme borreliosis. to assess the annual variation of rodent populations that may host agents of lyme borreliosis we collected rodents in northeastern austria. life traps were set out every six weeks during a year consecutively in one each of the three different zones (hohenau, ernstbrunn, vienna woods) that cover the main habitat characteristics of small mammals in northeastern austria. rodents were collected and identified. samples of heart, urine blad ...	2006	17186171
babesia microti: prevalence in wild rodents and ixodes ricinus ticks from the mazury lakes district of north-eastern poland.	infections of babesia microti (apicomplexa, piroplasmida), a common erythroparasitic protozoon of holarctic rodents, are not widely acknowledged in poland. the presence of this parasite in various species of wild rodents has been well documented throughout the northern temperate zone of north america, europe, and eurasia. however, human babesiosis attributable to infection with b. microti has been reported only from the north-eastern and upper midwestern united states and japan. we recently carr ...	2006	16524774
[wild small mammals are the reservoir hosts of the bartonella genus bacteria in the south of moscow region].	a total of 103 blood samples collected from wild small mammals captured in the prioksko-terrasny reserve on the south of moscow region were studied to determine the bartonellae prevalence. the examined species were the yellow-necked mice apodemus flavicollis (35 samples), the european wood mouse apodemus uralensis (10 samples), the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus (51 samples), the house mouse mus musculus (3 samples), the common vole microtus arvalis (2 samples), and the shrew sorex araneus (2 ...	2006	17094651
[helminth fauna of rodents (arvicolidae and muridae) from the kampinos national park].	the aim of the study was to examine the parasite fauna of rodents living in natural environment, but in close contact with human seats (small village at the area of the natural big forest).	2006	17120995
cluster of capillaria hepatica infections in non-commensal rodents from the canton of geneva, switzerland.	we trapped 664 rodents belonging to five non-commensal species in the canton of geneva, switzerland, and found a significant cluster of capillaria hepatica infections in three species in rural and urbanized areas of the northern part of the canton. c. hepatica infections were discovered in the yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis (n=99) with an overall prevalence (op) of 7.0% and a clustered prevalence (cp) of 20%, in the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus (n=58, op 5.2%; cp 19%), and in the ...	2005	15924224
[mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animal species and cattle in styria/austria].	infections with mycobacterium ovium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) are increasingly recognised worldwide. in addition to an increased prevalence of paratuberculosis in austrian cattle herds, recent years have also shown a rise in infections with m. paratuberculosis in wild red and roe deer, chamois and mouflon. during the period from june 2002 to september 2004, mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from a total of 483 wild animals hunted or found dead and from 338 deceased cattle. samp ...	2005	16048043
intra individual variation in the number of b chromosomes in the yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis (mammalia, rodentia).	the yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis, is characterized by a frequent occurrence of b chromosomes. the frequency of intra individual mosaicism of bs was studied in 995 animals collected at six localities in serbia. it was found that 329 (33.06%) possessed b chromosomes. among these, 87 animals (26.44%) were mosaics. a total of 32 mosaic animals with more than one b chromosome were analyzed for distribution of bs which was found to be quite different between groups of animals with differe ...	2005	16212112
borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in yellow-necked mice and feeding ixodes ricinus ticks in a forest habitat of west central poland.	wild rodents and the subadult ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks infesting them were examined for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner s.l. in a sylvatic habitat in west central poland during may-september 2002. in total, 818 feeding ticks were recovered from 73 infested yellow-necked mice, apodemus flavicollis melchior; in addition, bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus schreber, were rarely captured and proved to be weakly parasitized. only 2.7% of a. flavicol ...	2005	16363171
so close and so different: comparative phylogeography of two small mammal species, the yellow-necked fieldmouse (apodemus flavicollis) and the woodmouse (apodemus sylvaticus) in the western palearctic region.	in europe, concordant geographical distribution among genetic lineages within different species is rare, which suggests distinct reactions to quaternary ice ages. this study aims to determine whether such a discrepancy also affects a pair of sympatric species, which are morphologically and taxonomically closely related but which have slight differences in their ecological habits. the phylogeographic structures of two european rodents, the yellow-necked fieldmouse (a. flavicollis) and the woodmou ...	2005	15329664
mhc diversity and the association to nematode parasitism in the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis).	in vertebrates, the genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are among the most debated candidates accounting for co-evolutionary processes of host-parasite interaction at the molecular level. the exceptionally high allelic polymorphism found in mhc loci is believed to be maintained by pathogen-driven selection, mediated either through heterozygous advantage or rare allele advantage (= frequency dependent selection). while investigations under natural conditions are still very rare, s ...	2005	15910340
differential gene expression in yellow-necked mice apodemus flavicollis (rodentia, mammalia) with and without b chromosomes.	most b chromosomes are heavily heterochromatic, promoting the general idea that they are genetically inert. the b chromosomes of apodemus flavicollis are euchromatic and show a high degree of homology with the a chromosomes. the euchromatic nature of b chromosomes in a. flavicollis suggests that they may carry active genes and have transcriptional activity. we applied the differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (dd rt-pcr) in order to analyze and compare gene express ...	2005	15657744
distribution of cadmium and lead in liver and kidney of some wild animals in slovakia.	the content of cadmium and lead, as risk factors of environment, in liver and kidneys of wild animals as brown hare (lepus europaeus), yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis), wood mouse (cleithrionomys glareolus), and red deer (cervus elaphus) were studied. samples were analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method (aas). the highest levels of cadmium were found in kidneys (0.213-2.387 mg/kg) of all animal species. the concentration of cadmium in liver was 0.032-0.258 mg/kg. the ...	2005	15756970
identification of genetic evidence for dobrava virus spillover in rodents by nested reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and taqman rt-pcr.	a survey of 158 rodents caught in the czech republic identified dobrava virus sequences closely related to that of the dobrava virus type strain in apodemus sylvaticus and mus musculus rodents. the identity of a. sylvaticus was unequivocally confirmed by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis. the data seem to indicate hantavirus spillover from apodemus flavicollis to other rodents.	2005	15695684
seroepidemiology of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild mice captured in northern turkey.	an expedition across the asian part of the black sea coast and national parks of northern turkey was organized in the summer of 2001 to investigate the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), lyme borreliosis agent, and anaplasma phagocytophilum, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, agent, in wild mice. a total of 65 apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, microtus epiroticus, crocidura suaveolens and mus macedonicus, were captured. two out of 22 apodemus sylvaticus specimens were ser ...	2005	15816159
central european dobrava hantavirus isolate from a striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius).	dobrava virus (dobv) is a hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in europe. it is hosted by at least two rodent species, apodemus flavicollis and a. agrarius. according to their natural hosts they form the distinct genetic lineages dobv-af and dobv-aa, respectively. we have now established a dobv isolate named slovakia (sk/aa) from an a. agrarius animal captured in slovakia. the complete s and m and partial l segment nucleotide sequences of the new isolate were deter ...	2005	15956394
yeast-expressed hantavirus dobrava nucleocapsid protein induces a strong, long-lasting, and highly cross-reactive immune response in mice.	in europe, dobrava virus (dobv) carried by the yellow-necked field mouse apodemus flavicollis is one of the hantaviruses that can cause severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. for several hantaviruses, the nucleocapsid (n) protein has proven to be very immunogenic in humans and rodents and even can protect rodents against a virus challenge. to investigate the immunogenicity of dobv n protein, balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were immunized three times with a dobv recombinant n (rn) protei ...	2004	15018668
identification of bartonella species in rodents, shrews and cats in denmark: detection of two b. henselae variants, one in cats and the other in the long-tailed field mouse.	small mammals and stray cats were trapped in two areas of north zealand, denmark, and their blood cultured for hemotrophic bacteria. bacterial isolates were recovered in pure culture and subjected to 16s rdna gene sequencing. bartonella species were isolated from five mammalian species: b. grahamii from microtus agrestis (field vole) and apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked field mouse); b. taylorii from m. agrestis, a. flavicollis and a. sylvaticus (long-tailed field mouse); b. tribocorum from a ...	2004	15511270
b chromosomes and developmental homeostasis in the yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis (rodentia, mammalia): effects on nonmetric traits.	b chromosomes are found in almost all populations of the yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis (rodentia, mammalia). their effects on developmental homeostasis in this species were analyzed using morphological nonmetric traits (number of foramina) in a sample of 218 animals from locality mt jastrebac in the former yugoslavia. variations of the parameters of developmental homeostasis (the degree of fluctuating asymmetry--fa, the number of asymmetrical characters per individual--na, and the to ...	2004	15100709
evolution of mhc-drb class ii polymorphism in the genus apodemus and a comparison of drb sequences within the family muridae (mammalia: rodentia).	allelic diversity at major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes is thought to be maintained by balancing selection over long periods of time, even across multiple speciation events. trans-species sharing of mhc alleles among genera has been supported by many studies on mammals and fish, but in rodents, the results are ambiguous. we investigated natural levels of mhc- drb variability and evolutionary processes in the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) and the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavico ...	2004	15351919
granule cell number, cell death and cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of wild-living rodents.	adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus occurs at species-specific levels. wood mice (apodemus flavicollis) show higher proliferation rates than laboratory mice and voles (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus subterraneus). we compare rates of cell death and proliferation and investigate if cell proliferation leads to the long-term recruitment of granule cells. granule and pyknotic cell numbers were estimated in wild-living rodents in different age classes and compared with laboratory mice of mixed ...	2004	15610166
the zoonotic reservoir of borrelia burgdorferisensu lato in the mazury lakes district of north-eastern poland.	the roles of two species of rodents: the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) and the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) in maintaining the vector ixodes ricinus and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. were studied. more particularly, seasonal patterns of rodent abundance and infestation rate with i. ricinus ticks as well as the prevalence of b. burgdorferi s.l. and the two species b. garinii and b. afzelii were determined. the studies were carried out in woodlands at urwitałt near mikołajki on the ...	2004	15147002
phylogeographic history of the yellow-necked fieldmouse (apodemus flavicollis) in europe and in the near and middle east.	the exact location of glacial refugia and the patterns of postglacial range expansion of european mammals are not yet completely elucidated. therefore, further detailed studies covering a large part of the western palearctic region are still needed. in this order, we sequenced 972 bp of the mitochondrial dna cytochrome b (mtdna cyt b) from 124 yellow-necked fieldmice (apodemus flavicollis) collected from 53 european localities. the aims of the study were to answer the following questions: did th ...	2004	15288056
[the co-occurence of cryptosporidium parvum, giardia spp. and helminth infections in small rodent populations].	during long-term (1998-2000) studies on rodent parasite populations in mazury lake district there were collected and analyzed data on co-occurrence of intestinal protozoa (cryptosporidium parvum, giardia spp.) and helminths. there were performed 178 autopsies of common vole microtus arvalis, 85 autopsies of yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis and 386 autopsies of bank vole clethrionomys glareolus. positive effect of helminth infections was found in c. glareolus. voles infected with nematode ...	2004	16859041
[anoplura of rodents (rodentia) in northern poland].	anoplura of rodents (rodentia) in northern poland. above 100 rodents belonging to 6 species (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, m. arvalis, apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus, mus musculus) caught in the various habitations were examined. the parasites found represented three species of anoplura: hoplopleura acanthopus, h. affinis and polyplax serrata. h. acanthopus appeard to be the most common parasite; it was found in all examined hosts, while mostly on the bank vole.	2004	16859044
high levels of fluctuating asymmetry in populations of apodemus flavicollis from the most contaminated areas in chornobyl.	random deviations from the perfect symmetry of normally bilaterally symmetrical characters for an individual with a given genotype occur during individual development due to the influence of multiple environmental factors. fluctuating asymmetry (fa) is often used as a measure of developmental instability, and can be estimated as the variance of the distribution of differences between the left and right sides. we addressed the question of whether levels of fa were elevated in radioactively contam ...	2004	15001292
[prevalence of ixodes ricinus infection with borrelia burgdorferi s.l.: seasonal and annual variations].	the present study deals with the ecology of lyme borreliosis in northern poland. the complexity of environmental conditions are: (1) the presence of certain rodent hosts for the borrelia, (2) the seasonal patterns of abundance and infection rate of i. ricinus in the population of rodents and on vegetation, (3) the prevalence of b. burgdorferi s.l., b. garinii and b. afzelii. the long-term studies were carried out on a monthly basis from april to october (1998-2001) in woodlands at urwitałt near ...	2004	16859032
a comparative analysis of the heavy metal loading of small mammals in different regions of bulgaria ii: chromosomal aberrations and blood pathology.	heavy metal content was monitored in small mammals inhabiting mountain ecosystems and two industrial polluted regions in bulgaria. rodents (microtus arvalis, m. rossiaemeridionalis, clethrionomys glareolus, pitymys subterraneus, chionomys nivalis, apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus, and mus macedonicus) were used as zoomonitors. pathological changes in chromosome status, hematological indices, and blood cell morphology were analyzed in the context of heavy metal bioaccumulation. significant cor ...	2003	12550096
a comparative analysis of the heavy metal loading of small mammals in different regions of bulgaria i: monitoring points and bioaccumulation features.	data on liver and body copper, zinc, lead, and cadmium content of small mammals (rodents and insectivorous) were collected and analyzed. data comparisons were performed in two aspects: (1) points and years of monitoring; (2) monitor species bioaccumulations. specific bioaccumulation features were observed in some of the monitor species. a method for comparative evaluation of heavy metal loads in the different species is proposed using data for liver and body contamination. the loads of clethrion ...	2003	12550095
immunoglobulin g antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in game animals and small mammals in eastern slovakia.	in a survey of game animals and small mammals, the sera of 185 animals were examined for the presence of immunoglobulin g antibodies to the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which causes lyme borreliosis. these animals comprised 59 fallow deer (dama dama), 56 mouflons (ovis musimon) and 70 small mammals of six different species. the sera of the fallow deer and the mouflons were examined by indirect haemagglutination assay. the sera of the small mammals were examined by modified enzyme- ...	2003	15005560
the molecular evidence of babesia microti infection in small mammals collected in slovenia.	in europe, the zoonotic cycle of babesia microti has not been determined so far. recently, b. microti was detected in ixodes ricinus ticks in slovenia by using molecular methods. in order to investigate the mammalian hosts of b. microti in slovenia we collected 261 small mammals representing 11 species. they were tested for the presence of babesial parasites with a pcr assay based on the nuclear small subunit rrna gene (nss-rdna). the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) and yellow-necked mouse ( ...	2003	12636348
empirical evidence for key hosts in persistence of a tick-borne disease.	an important epidemiological consequence of aggregated host-parasite associations occurs when parasites are vectors of pathogens. those hosts that attract many vectors will tend to be the focus of transmission. but to what extent, and can we identify characteristics of these key hosts? we investigated these questions with respect to the host-tick relationship of the yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis, a critical host in the maintenance of the zoonotic disease, tick-borne encephalitis. tra ...	2003	12906875
preliminary molecular characterization of cryptosporidium parvum isolates of wildlife rodents from poland.	isolates of cryptosporidium were collected from 3 species of woodland and field rodents (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus arvalis, and apodemus flavicollis) and were characterized by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of fragments of the oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene and of the 18s ribosomal rna gene. sequence analysis of these markers revealed that the animals were infected with c. parvum, and that the genotype involved was almost identical to the mouse genotype previousl ...	2003	14627156
biological characterisation of cryptosporidium parvum isolates of wildlife rodents in poland.	the study was undertaken to characterise the c. parvum isolates originating from naturally infected woodland and field rodents: clethrionomys glareolus (cg), apodemus flavicollis (af) and microtus arvalis (ma). we found that the measurements of oocyst dimensions and oocyst morphology did not allow distinction between the parasite isolates from the 3 rodent species. the mean dimensions were: for cg 4.67 x 4.21, for af 4.65 x 4.14 and for ma 4.66 x 4.16. these 3 groups of isolates have produced si ...	2003	14677907
[puumala and dobrava viruses in the northeastern and central regions of bosnia].	bosnia and herzegovina has been known as a highly endemic region for hantavirus infections for more than 50 years. previous studies have shown that at least two different hantaviruses, the murine dobrava (dob) and avricoline puumala (puu) viruses, each carried by a different rodent species, have been circulating in the area. however, there is little information on rodent population density fluctuations in bosnia over the past years as well as on the ratio of puumala to dobrava infection in human ...	2003	15011464
[what is new in the epidemiologic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia?].	the aim was to describe epidemiologic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia.	2003	15011468
genetic interaction between distinct dobrava hantavirus subtypes in apodemus agrarius and a. flavicollis in nature.	dobrava virus (dobv) occurs in two different rodent species, apodemus flavicollis (dobv-af) and a. agrarius (dobv-aa). we sequenced the s and m genomic segments from sympatric dobv-af and dobv-aa strains which fell into two distinct genetic lineages. molecular phylogenetic analyses gave evidence for genetic reassortment between s and m segments of dobv-af and dobv-aa and indicated homologous recombination events in dobv evolution. dobv-af and dobv-aa are distinct but also subject to genetic exch ...	2003	12477889
genetic characterization of new dobrava hantavirus isolate from greece.	the first complete genome sequence of dobrava hantavirus isolated from yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis trapped in the northeastern greece is described. the s, m, and l segments of the greek isolate of dobrava virus are 1673, 3635, and 6532 nucleotides (nt) long, respectively, and encode the nucleocapsid (n) protein of 429 amino acids (aa), glycoprotein precursor of 1135 aa, and the l protein of 2151 aa. n protein contains three cysteine residues conserved in all known hantaviruses, as w ...	2003	12526053
bartonella infection in sylvatic small mammals of central sweden.	sylvatic small mammals were captured in rural habitats near uppsala, sweden, to measure the prevalence of bartonella infections, characterize bacterial isolates and identify their host range, and increase our understanding of host-pathogen ecology. during 7 nights of trapping at 3 localities, 236 small mammals were captured (trap success 30%). bartonella were isolated from bloods of apodemus flavicollis (19 of 110 tested), apodemus sylvaticus (6/25), clethrionomys glareolus (9/60), microtus agre ...	2003	12613756
hantavirus infections in europe.	hantaviruses are enveloped rna viruses each carried by a specific rodent species. three hantaviruses, puumala, dobrava, and saaremaa viruses, are known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. in europe. puumala causes a generally mild disease, nephropathia epidemica, which presents most commonly with fever, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, impaired renal function, and blurred vision, whereas dobrava infections often also have haemorrhagic complications. there are few available data ...	2003	14522264
two-year study of examination of blood from wild rodents for the presence of antiborrelian antibodies.	the aim of our work was to find the positivity rate of antibodrrelian antibodies (igg) in wild-living rodents in a locality situated in north moravia, czech republic. results of a survey for heart rinses (172) and sera (2) antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) from 6 species of 174 wild rodents from the northern part of the czech republic are presented. samples were obtained in 2001-2002 at one locality (studenka, 49 degrees 44', 18 degrees 05'). host samples included yellow-necke ...	2003	14677912
rodent host specificity of european hantaviruses: evidence of puumala virus interspecific spillover.	in order to investigate rodent host specificity of european hantaviruses, experimental infection of colonized and wild-trapped rodents was performed. in addition to the natural rodent reservoir, clethrionomys glareolus, puumala hantavirus (puuv) could infect colonized microtus agrestis and lemmus sibiricus, but not syrian hamsters or balb/c mice. neither c. glareolus, nor m. agrestis, could be readily infected by tula hantavirus (tulv). wild-trapped apodemus flavicollis and a. agrarius, the natu ...	2002	12376967
epidemiologic characteristics and military implications of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia.	to analyze epidemiologic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia, including military implications of the disease and measures for its prevention.	2002	12402401
prevalence and abundance of cryptosporidium parvum and giardia spp. in wild rural rodents from the mazury lake district region of poland.	prevalence and abundance of cryptosporodium parvum and giardia spp. were studied in 3 species of rodents from forests and abandoned agricultural fields in n.e. poland (clethrionomys glareolus n = 459; microtus arvalis n = 274; apodemus flavicollis n = 209). overall prevalence was consistently higher in the voles compared with a. flavicollis (70.6, 73.0 and 27.8% respectively for c. parvum and 93.9, 96.3 and 48.3% respectively for giardia spp.). prevalence and abundance of infection also varied m ...	2002	12166517
[the ecology of cryptosporidium parvum infection in small rodent populations].	the prevalence and abundance of cryptosporidium parvum were studied over a three year period (1997-1999) in three species of rodents sampled from forest and abandoned fields in the mazury lake district, poland. the overall prevalence was consistently higher in voles compared with apodemus flavicollis (70.6% in clethrionomys glareolus, 73.0% in microtus arvalis and 27.8% in a. flavicollis). the prevalence and abundance of infection also varied across the 3 years of the study with 1998 being the y ...	2001	16886421
importance of surveillance of tularemia natural foci in the known endemic area of central europe, 1991-1997.	marked activation of natural foci of tularemia in the known endemic area of central europe, comprising the borderland of slovakia, austria and the czech republic, led to an epidemic outbreak in western slovakia and an increase in the number of human tularemia cases in the adjoining regions of northeastern austria and southern moravia from 1995 to 1997. the aim of this paper was to present the results of a longitudinal study on the prevalence of infection with francisella tularensis in small mamm ...	2001	11467089
antigenic profile of ixodes ricinus: effect of developmental stage, feeding time and the response of different host species.	antigens recognized by host species in response to ectoparasite infestation have been widely reported. although differences in the immune responses of different host species have been described, only a very few of these studies compare the range of antigens recognized by different host species in response to infestation. we used western blot analysis to investigate antigenic responses of different host species that were repeatedly infested with ixodes ricinus ticks. antigenic profiles of larval ...	2001	11696166
dobrava hantavirus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in central europe and is carried by two different apodemus mice species.	in central europe, hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans are caused by the hantavirus species puumala (transmitted by voles) and a second, hantaan-related species (transmitted by mice). the second virus could be identified as dobrava virus. to date, 19 clinical cases of dobrava infection have been found in germany and slovakia. all patients exhibited a mild/moderate clinical course and no case fatality occurred. screening for infected rodents revealed that the striped field mou ...	2001	11170053
hantavirus infections in greece--an update.	hantaviruses are emerging viruses spread worldwide and cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). two pathogenic hantaviruses are present in greece: dobrava/belgrade virus (dobv) and puumala virus (puuv). the predominant one is dobv, carried in greece by the rodent apodemus flavicollis. most human infections are sporadic, but epidemic outbreaks were also described. the severity of the disease ranges from a mild or moderate form to severe and fatal ...	2001	11599695
analysis of a novel strain of murine gammaherpesvirus reveals a genomic locus important for acute pathogenesis.	infection of mice by murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) is an excellent small-animal model of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis in a natural host. we have carried out comparative studies of another herpesvirus, murine herpesvirus 76 (mhv-76), which was isolated at the same time as mhv-68 but from a different murid host, the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis). molecular analyses revealed that the mhv-76 genome is essentially identical to that of mhv-68, except for deletion of 9,538 bp at the ...	2001	11333912
isolation of dobrava virus from apodemus flavicollis in greece.	dobrava virus (dobv) carried by apodemus flavicollis is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). dobv was isolated from an a. flavicollis mouse trapped in northeastern greece. this is the third dobv cell culture isolate in the world, clustering together with other greek dobv sequences from hfrs patients and rodents.	2001	11376073
morphological and genetic differentiation of rodentolepis straminea (goeze, 1752) and rodentolepis microstoma (dujardin, 1845) (hymenolepididae).	the two related species, rodentolepis straminea (goeze, 1782) and rodentolepis microstoma (dujardin, 1845) (cestoda, hymenolepididae), both parasites of rodents, were compared morphologically and electrophoretically. adult worms were isolated from three wild rodent species of the family muridae (apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, and mus musculus) from three different sites in spain and france. although these two species were strikingly similar in morphological appearance, some of the mo ...	2001	11411941
[co-infection of borrelia garinii and b. afzelii in a population of wild rodents from woodland].	the maintenance of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in the environment is dependent on the zoonotic cycle involving tick vectors and certain reservoir hosts. it is well known, that the same species of wild rodents, as well as the vector ixodes ricinus, are often co-infected with at least two genomospecies of b. burgdorferi s.l.: b. afzelii and b. garinii. the ticks collected from two rodent species: clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis were examined for the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l., ...	2001	16886420
genetic analysis of wild-type dobrava hantavirus in slovenia: co-existence of two distinct genetic lineages within the same natural focus.	genetic analysis was performed of wild-type (wt) dobrava hantavirus (dob) strains from slovenia, the country where the virus was first discovered and where it was found to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), with a fatality rate of 12%. two hundred and sixty mice of the genus apodemus:, trapped in five natural foci of dob-associated hfrs during 1990-1996, were screened for the presence of anti-hantavirus antibodies and 49 apodemus: flavicollis and four apodemus: agrarius were fo ...	2000	10859380
genetic and morphological heterogeneity in small rodent whipworms in southwestern europe: characterization of trichuris muris and description of trichuris arvicolae n. sp. (nematoda: trichuridae).	genetic and morphological variability of whipworms trichuris roederer, 1761 (nematoda: trichuridae), parasites of small rodents in southwestern europe, was studied. isozyme patterns of natural populations of nematodes parasitizing rodent species of the muridae (apodemus sylvaticus, apodemus flavicollis, mus musculus) and arvicolidae (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, microtus arvalis) were analyzed at 6 putative loci. two diagnostic loci were found in t. muris from muridae and from arv ...	2000	10864238
dna profiling of b chromosomes from the yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis (rodentia, mammalia).	using ap-pcr-based dna profiling we examined some structural features of b chromosomes from yellow-necked mice apodemus flavicollis. mice harboring one, two, or three or lacking b chromosomes were examined. chromosomal structure was scanned for variant bands by using a series of arbitrary primers and from these, informative bands were selected. the selection criteria used were the ability to differentiate between individuals of the species, to detect markers common for both a and b chromosomes, ...	2000	10645950
pcr detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae in ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western switzerland.	the presence of granulocytic ehrlichiae was demonstrated by pcr in ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in switzerland in two areas of endemicity for bovine ehrlichiosis. six ticks (three females and three nymphs) (1.4%) of 417 i. ricinus ticks collected by flagging vegetation contained ehrlichial dna. a total of 201 small mammals from five species, wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis), earth vole (pitymys subterraneus), bank vole (clethrionomys gla ...	2000	10698987
findings of mycobacteria in insectivores and small rodents.	the organs of 30 insectivorous mammals and 62 rodents from areas inhabited by people or livestock where cattle paratuberculosis or mycobacterial infections of swine had been found to occur were examined by cultivation during the monitoring of occurrence and spread of mycobacterioses in cattle and swine. mycobacteria were found in the organs of 3 insectivores (10%) and 6 rodents (9.7%). mycobacterium chelonae was isolated from the organs of the lesser white-toothed shrew (crocidura suaveolens) an ...	2000	11271823
prevalence of igg antibodies response to borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in populations of wild rodents from mazury lakes district region of poland.	three rodent species: clethrionomys glareolus, apodemus flavicollis and microtus arvalis from mazury lakes district of poland were examined for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi by enzyme-labelled protein g assay (elga). c. glareolus had an exceptionally high prevalence of b. burgdorferi antibodies - 58%, but a. flavicollis and m. arvalis also showed significant prevalence of 16.6% and 10.5%, respectively. the elga method is highly specific with good reproducibility. nevertheless, some differen ...	2000	11153035
[new findings on the ecology and epidemiology of murine herpes virus isolated in slovakia].	rodents are important reservoir animals of many human microbial pathogens. of small rodents, trapped on slovakia territory, were several strains of murine herpes virus (mhv) isolated. our purpose was to complete the existing knowledge about circulation of mhv in rodents and to find out, whether also other animal species including man are mhv sensitive or not. the presence of antibodies against mhv in serum of the tested animals and men was followed by virus neutralization test (vnt) and elisa. p ...	2000	10870260
mosaic pattern of borrelia infection in a continuous population of the tick ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae).	an array of 12 20 x 20 m quadrats in a mixed forest near poteply, central bohemia, czech republic, was investigated for the abundance and spatial distribution of host-questing ixodes ricinus nymphs and their infection with borreliae. tick densities were estimated by flagging and their borrelia infection status was determined by direct immunofluorescence. while the tick population appeared to be continuous and homogeneous based on quadrat counts, their infection with borreliae evinced a mosaic pa ...	1999	10399308
emmonsiosis of wild rodents and insectivores in czechland.	adiaspores of the fungus emmonsia crescens were detected microscopically in the lung tissue of 13% of 10.081 small mammals belonging to 24 species examined in 14 areas of the czech republic between 1986 and 1997; 441/1.934 (23%) clethrionomys glareolus, 1/6 (17%) arvicola terrestris, 357/2.172 (16%) apodemus flavicollis, 220/1.981 (11%). a sylvaticus, 23/265 (9%) a. microps, 11/81 (14%) microtus subterraneus, 93/1.275 (7%) m. arvalis, 98/1.439 (7%) m. agrestis, 1/3 (33%) ondatra zibethicus, 1/1 ...	1999	10231750
crest staining of micronuclei from free-living rodents to detect environmental contamination in situ.	in this work immunofluorescent antikinetochore (crest) staining was used to analyse bone marrow micronuclei (mn) from free-living animals belonging to four different rodent species. yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were trapped in the czech republic, algerian mice (mus spretus) in spain and house mice (mus musculus domesticus) in italy. animals were collected in areas displaying low or high environmental pollution in order to investigate the sens ...	1999	10390506
immunocytochemical study of parafollicular (c) cells of the thyroid in some wild rodents.	studies were done on 3 wild species of rodents: field voles (microtus agrestis, linnaeus 1761), bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus, schreber 1780), and forest mice (apodemus flavicollis, melchior 1834). immunocytochemical reactions were used to detect calcitonin (ct), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), neuron-specific enolase (nse), chromogranin a (cga) in the thyroid parafollicular (c) cells in all species examined. antisera to human ct, rat cgrp, bovine cga, rat nse and human nse give pr ...	1999	10332521
aspects of mammalian spermatogenesis: electrophoretical analysis of protamines in mammalian species.	protamines are small, highly basic proteins that replace histones and testicular basic proteins during the development of mature spermatozoa, spermatogenesis. in mammals, extensive disulfide crosslinking of protamines result in the formation of a compact chromatin structure devoid of transcriptional activity. as determined by isolation and electrophoresis of protamines, only one protamine has been detected in the mature spermatozoa of most mammalian species. however, in the spermatozoa of the mo ...	1999	10597046
on the mtdna restriction patterns variation of the iberian wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus). comparison with other west mediterranean populations.	in previous studies, the presence of three main lineages of wood mice mtdna was described in western europe: a first one distributed from the pyrenees to scandinavia. a thyrrenian one occurring in peninsular italy, elba, corsica and sardinia and a third one restricted to sicily and marettimo. do the iberian wood mice belong to one of these lineages? in order to answer this question, animals were trapped all over the iberian peninsula (11 sites) as well as in three of the balearic islands. compar ...	1998	10319716
puumala and dobrava viruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in bosnia-herzegovina: evidence of highly cross-neutralizing antibody responses in early patient sera.	hantavirus infection was diagnosed serologically by mu-capture igm and igg elisas in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) patients admitted to tuzla hospital, bosnia-herzegovina. the results indicated that more than one hantavirus caused the outbreak. to address the question of which hantavirus serotypes were involved, sequentially drawn sera were analyzed by focus reduction neutralization test (frnt) for antibodies against puumala, hantaan, dobrava, and seoul hantaviruses. the data reve ...	1997	9298732
spontaneous and radiation-induced micronuclei in erythrocytes from four species of wild rodents: a comparison with cba mice.	almost 100 animals of 4 different species of small wild rodents (bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus; field vole, microtus agrestis; yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis; and wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus) were trapped in central sweden and used in experiments to determine the spontaneous and radiation-induced frequencies of polychromatic (fmpce) and normochromatic erythrocytes (fmnce) from bone marrow (bm) and peripheral blood (pb) using flow cytometric analysis. the results were compared ...	1997	9357562
[relation between characteristics of the small mammal population and occurrence of leptospira antibodies].	five rodent species (apodemus flavicollis, a. agrarius, a. microps, clethrionomys glareolus and microtus arvalis) were examined serologically for presence of antibodies to leptospira. small mammals were caught in several areas of eastern slovakia, an important part of host material coming from east slovakian lowland (45.7%), south part of kosice basin (26.5%) and slovak carst (10.1%). serological examinations were used by kmety and bakoss (1978), the sexual condition of rodents were ascertained ...	1997	9481926
identification of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato tick isolates from slovakia by pcr typing with 16s rrna primers.	the first four strains of borrelia burgdorferi isolated in slovakia from ticks and mice were studied using monoclonal antibodies, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with 16s rrna specific primers and plasmid profiles. two tick isolates were typed as borrelia garinii, one strain isolated from apodemus flavicollis was found to be b. afzelii and the fourth tick isolate reacted as a mixed culture of b. garinii and b. afzelii. all four strains harboured several plasmids ranging from 6-50 kbp includi ...	1997	9361381
vaccination of natural reservoir hosts with recombinant lipidated ospa induces a transmission-blocking immunity against lyme disease spirochaetes associated with high levels of la-2 equivalent antibodies.	as observed in humans, immune responses in naturally infected reservoir hosts of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato rarely target the outer surface proteins (osp) a and b of lyme disease spirochaetes. the absence of protective immunity in such hosts following tick-borne infection allows them to play an effective role in the maintenance of lyme borreliosis in nature. therefore, the question was addressed whether one of the most prominent natural reservoir host species of b. burgdorferi s.l. in europ ...	1997	9364698
unique chromosome rearrangements in karyotypes of yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) from various populations.	cytogenetic monitoring of yellow-necked mouse populations in various parts of the species range revealed deviations from the standard chromosome set in two individuals (female from the bryanskaya region and male from the samarskaya region). in both of them the wholly acrocentric chromosome set was supplemented by a large unpaired submetacentric chromosome. the c-banding showed no structural homology between these newly formed chromosomes. obviously, they had been produced by different mechanisms ...	1997	9162686
tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission between ticks cofeeding on specific immune natural rodent hosts.	to determine whether the portion of a vertebrate host population having specific immunity to tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus can participate in the tbe virus transmission cycle, natural hosts immunized against tbe virus were challenged with infected and uninfected ticks. yellow-necked field mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were either immunized with tbe virus by subcutaneous inoculation of the virus, or they were exposed to virus-infected ixodes ricinus ti ...	1997	9300045
[myobia mites (acariformes: myobiidae)--parasites of the murid (rodentia: muridae) fauna of russia and adjacent countries].	eleven species of myobiid mites (myobiidae) of the genera myobia (7 species) and radfordia (4 species) are recorded in a territory of the ex-ussr. one new species is described: radfordia (s. str.) mironovi sp. n. from the apodemus flavicollis (melchior) collected in the crimea. a new diagnosis of the subgenus myobia and a list of myobiid species recently recorded in the ex-ussr are given.	1997	9304106
isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from apodemus flavicollis (rodentia, muridae) and clethrionomys glareolus (rodentia, cricetidae).		1997	9200832
[leptospira antibodies in small mammals in eastern slovakia].	during the five years (1991-1995) mostly free living small mammals were examined serologically for the presence of antibodies to leptospira. serological examinations were used by kmety and bakoss (1978). altogether, 2493 individuals of 22 species were examined, an important part of host material (69.6%) was caught in two lowland areas which are intensively cultivated landscapes (east slovakian lowland and kosická kotlina basin). the remaining material comes from submontane areas with less agricu ...	1996	9045500
importance of localized skin infection in tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission.	arboviruses are transmitted to vertebrates by the "bite" of infected arthropods. events at the site of virus deposition are largely unknown despite increasing evidence that blood-sucking arthropods immunomodulate their skin site of feeding. this question is particularly relevant for ixodid ticks that feed for several days. to examine events under conditions mimicking tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus transmission in nature (i.e., infected and uninfected ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on the same ...	1996	8638401
a comparison of phase contrast microscopy and an immunofluorescence test for the detection of giardia spp. in faecal specimens from cattle and wild rodents.	as part of a study on the presence of giardia cysts in water, a commercial direct immunofluorescence (dif) test for the cysts was evaluated and compared to phase contrast microscopy. forty faecal samples were collected from cattle; 31 contained giardia. all 31 samples were positive by dif whereas only 17 were detected by microscopy. the detected giardia cysts were identified as belonging to the g. duodenalis group. 216 faecal samples were collected from wild rodents (apodemus flavicollis, a. syl ...	1996	8758066
safety study of the sag2 rabies virus mutant in several non-target species with a view to its future use for the immunization of foxes in europe.	the safety of the sag2 virus, a low virulence mutant of the sad strain, was investigated in ten species of mammals and seven species of birds liable to consume vaccine baits. these species are the western hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), the meadow vole (microtus arvalis), the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), the water vole (arvicola terrestris), the field mouse (apodemus flavicollis or a. sylvaticus), the norway rat (rattus norvegicus), the european badger (meles meles), the domestic ferret ...	1996	9014291
the role of b chromosomes in the population dynamics of yellow-necked wood mice apodemus flavicollis (rodentia, mammalia).	seasonal changes in the frequency of animals with b chromosomes were studied during 1989 in the population of yellow-necked wood mice, apodemus flavicollis, on the mountain jastrebac in yugoslavia. during the study the estimated density of animals reached a very large value (378.8 individuals/ha for the april sample), which produced stress conditions leading to population decline. six samples with a total of 247 specimens were karyotypically analyzed. animals with bs were present in all samples ...	1995	7557359
clethrionomys glareolus, but not apodemus flavicollis, acquires resistance to ixodes ricinus l., the main european vector of borrelia burgdorferi.	the european rodents clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole) and apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked-mouse) are important hosts of the tick species ixodes ricinus, the main european vector of borrelia burgdorferi. we have addressed the question whether or not these tick hosts develop resistance to i. ricinus larvae. c. glareolus and a. flavicollis were exposed to 40 i. ricinus larvae for five consecutive times at two week intervals. resistance was tested by the following parameters: percentage of ti ...	1995	7624158
[nucleolus organizer regions and b-chromosomes of field mice (mammalia, rodentia, apodemus)].	distribution of nucleolus organizer regions (nors) in karyotypes was studied in 10 species of wood mice, including apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus, a. uralensis (= a. microps), a. fulvipectus (= a. falzfeini), a. ponticus, a. hyrcanicus, a. mystacinus, a. agrarius, a. peninsulae, and a. speciosus. peculiarities of nor location in karyotypes can be used in interspecific diagnostics of wood mice. intraspecific polymorphism of a. sylvaticus, a. agrarius, and a. peninsulae in terms of the number ...	1995	7721059
mixed natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in west slovakia.	total of 923 small mammals of 7 species were collected in locality záhorská ves, west slovakia, in 1990-1992. among examined small mammal species it was clethrionomys glareolus (48.7% of total, 17.5% positive for tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus antibodies), apodemus flavicollis (29.7% of total, 17.5% positive), a. sylvaticus (11.3% of total, 16.3% positive), and microtus arvalis (6.2% of total, 10.5% positive). the most abundant tick species (larval and nymphal stages) on small mammals was i ...	1995	7676942
infestation of rodents with larval ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) is an important factor in the transmission cycle of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in german woodlands.	the ecology of borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al. s.l. was investigated from 1987 to 1993 in a preserved woodland in western germany near bonn. in selected biotopes, host-seeking ixodes ricinus l. were regularly collected by blanket dragging in 1987, 1988, and 1989 and screened for infection with b. burgdorferi. rodents were trapped monthly between april and october in 1988, 1990, 1991, and in the winter of 1992-1993, examined for antibodies to b. burgdorferi s.l., and inspected for feeding tic ...	1995	8551503
quantification of residual virulence of the vnukovo-32/107 rabies virus vaccination strain.	the present work summarizes the results of 11 groups of experiments carried out with the aim to complexly quantify the residual virulence of a cold mutant of the vnukovo-32/107 rabies virus vaccination strain intended for the preparation of an oral rabies vaccine (kamark) for the immunization of free-living carnivores. according to who prescriptions, residual virulence was quantified in experiments on carnivores, mainly red foxes (vulpes vulpes)--the presumed target species, and farm-bred polar ...	1995	7740717
a heterogeneous distribution of emmonsia parva var. crescens in an agro-ecosystem.	the lung tissue of 1143 rodents of five species, caught at a number of sites and habitats in an agro-ecosystem (southern moravia, czech republic) in 1988-1993, was examined for the presence of adiaspores of emmonsia parva var. crescens (emmons et jellison) van oorschot. the overall prevalence of adiasporomycosis was 16.6%, but its distribution varied significantly according to rodent species (clethrionomys glareolus 37.6%, apodemus flavicollis 33.3%, a. sylvaticus 21.1%, a microps 9.2%, microtus ...	1995	7666301
borrelia burgdorferi in rodents (apodemus flavicollis and a. sylvaticus): duration and enhancement of infectivity for ixodes ricinus ticks.	ixodes ricinus is an important vector of borrelia burgdorferi in europe, and small rodents (apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus and clethrionomys glareolus) are important sources for infecting ticks. in this study, we examined their reservoir role by studying the duration of their infectivity for ticks. a. flavicollis and a. sylvaticus mice captured in nature were exposed to uninfected i. ricinus larvae at different times after their capture: 10 days, and 2, 7, 11, 14 and 40 months. ticks were e ...	1994	7957795
differential immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi in european wild rodent species influence spirochete transmission to ixodes ricinus l. (acari: ixodidae).	immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi and their influence on spirochete transmission to ixodes ricinus were analyzed in the natural european reservoir hosts; i.e., the mouse species apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked mouse) and apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse) and the vole species clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole), and, in addition, in the laboratory mouse strain nmri. naive and preimmunized rodents were infected either by artificially infected i. ricinus larvae or by intradermal injection ...	1994	7960113
[the dynamics of the metabolic and functional activities of the immunocompetent cells in mice following immunization with different vaccines against q fever].	it was shown that the immunization of mice by the chemical q fever vaccine prepared with the use of the strain "coxiella burnetii, nine mile", phase i did not markedly activate the oxidative metabolism of the peritoneal exudate cells and did not induce the non-specific cytotoxicity in them. however, it resulted in a significant suppression of the mitogen-induced proliferation of splenocytes on days 3-5. the immunization of mice by the combined (corpuscular/chemical) vaccine prepared with the use ...	1993	8085902
belgrade virus, a cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the balkans, is closely related to dobrava virus of field mice.	belgrade virus is a recently described hantavirus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in people living in various parts of the balkan peninsula. nucleotide sequencing of the g2-encoding region in the medium (m) segment of the viral genome, reverse transcribed and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, revealed the belgrade virus to be substantially different from hantaan virus and other major serotypes of hantavirus but identical to dobrava virus, a virus isolate ...	1993	8102632
tick-borne encephalitis virus activity in styria, austria.	from 3,404 ixodes ricinus ticks collected in 12 localities of styria, austria in 1990, 15 tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus isolates were recovered. minimal field infection rate reached 4.4 virus containing ticks out of 1,000 collected ticks. five isolates of tbe virus were obtained from target organs of apodemus flavicollis trapped in locality wagnitz. in a serosurvey based on virus neutralizing antibodies high prevalence of tbe virus was demonstrated in a. flavicollis (47.9%) and clethrionom ...	1993	8105665
[serologic screening for the occurrence of leptospira antibodies in small wild mammals].	during the five years (1986-1990) free living small mammals were examined serologically for the presence of antibodies to leptospires. standardized techniques were used in the serological examinations (sebek, 1979). a total 4634 specimens representing 15 mammalian species were examined. during the studied period, higher occurrence of small terrestrial mammals was noticed in the years 1987-1988. in these years, 61% of specimens out of the total number of trapped animals were examined. the field m ...	1993	8236637
dobrava virus as a new hantavirus: evidenced by comparative sequence analysis.	dobrava virus, recently isolated from a yellow-neck mouse (apodemus flavicollis), captured in a northern slovenian village where severe cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were recognized, was shown by serology and restriction enzyme digestion of pcr-amplified gene segments to be related to previously recognized hantaviruses. to investigate further the relationship of this new isolate to other hantaviruses, a portion of the medium (m) genome segment of dobrava virus was amplified by p ...	1993	8487037
cryptosporidiosis in poland: clinical, epidemiologic and parasitologic aspects.	stool samples from 692 children hospitalized with symptoms of gastroenteritis, were examined for cryptosporidium parvum. the oocysts were found in 17 (2.4%) children. there was no association with age, sex or location of household. however, relatively higher rate of oocyst exclusion was found among 2-month- to 3-year-old groups (50%) and among children from villages (43%). six children from the group of infected were additionally screened for general immunocompetence. four of these exhibited sig ...	1993	8013931
further isolation of murine herpesviruses from small mammals in southwestern slovakia.	a total of 69 small mammals of 6 species were collected in localities marcelová and kopác (southwestern slovakia) and investigated. two strains of murine herpesvirus (mhv) have been isolated and reisolated from apodemus flavicollis. both virus strains killed suckling mice after i.c. and i.p. inoculation. adult mice were killed 4-7 days after i.c. inoculation. cross antigenic reactions among 14c aminoacid hydrolysate labelled mhv-72 infected vero cells and mouse immune sera against the two new is ...	1993	8105644
[the first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi in apodemus flavicollis in yugoslavia].	small rodent species, as well as their ectoparasitic fauna, and the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in their blood and internal organs (liver and spleen) was investigated, at two locations (kosutnjak, lipovicka suma) in belgrade. animals were caught between september 15-17, 1992. on location kosutnjak two apodemus flavicollis were trapped and borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from the spleen of one of them. on location lipovicka suma 13 rodents were trapped as follows: 10 apodemus flavicollis, ...	1993	8262432