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asiaticoside: attenuation of neurotoxicity induced by mptp in a rat model of parkinsonism via maintaining redox balance and up-regulating the ratio of bcl-2/bax.in this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of asiaticoside, a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the chinese medicinal herb centella asiatica, in the rats model of parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp). rats were first injected with mptp. one day after surgery, asiaticoside was administered and the behavioral tests were assessed. on 14th day, the rats were sacrificed, substantia nigra (sn) and striatum were dissected, and then dopamine (da) a ...201222001429
[medical and surgical therapies. their respective indications in lymphedema].the treatment of lymphedema, medical or surgical, remains a difficult one. often seen at an advanced stage of the disease, the medical treatment can only stabilize the lesions. among them, the coumarins, rutins, centella asiatica extracts, procyanoside oligomers are the most prescribed. but prophylaxis of superimposed infections by antibiotics should not be omitted. as for diuretics, they must be prohibited. hygienic and dietetic measures should be recommended. as for surgical treatments, they a ...20123406093
development of photochemoprotective herbs containing cosmetic formulations for improving skin properties.botanical photochemoprotectives are used because they act on various stages to prevent skin cancer and photoaging. the aim of this study was to prepare herbal creams from various photochemoprotective herbs and to perform efficacy studies on them by using physicochemical, microbiological, safety, psychometric, biophysical, and sun protection factor measurements. herbal creams were prepared by incorporating hydroalcoholic extracts of curcuma caesia (rhizome), areca catechu (seeds), centella asiati ...201222591563
effect of agrobacterium rhizogenes and elicitation on the asiaticoside production in cell cultures of centella asiatica.centella asiatica (l.) urb. (apiaceae) is an important medicinal plant, and it has been using to prepare herbal medicines. the compounds responsible for the biological activity of c. asiatica are triterpenoids such as asiaticoside. asiaticoside is also important as a marker for standardization of c. asiatica. due to the low content, there is a need to enhance the production of asiaticoside of c. asiatica. the biotechnological approach is one of the methods that can be used to enhance its product ...201222701283
identification of major active ingredients responsible for burn wound healing of centella asiatica herbs.centella asiatica herbs have been prescribed as a traditional medicine for wound healing in china and southeast asia for a long time. they contain many kinds of triterpenoid compounds, mainly including glycosides (asiaticoside and madecassoside) and corresponding aglycones (asiatic acid and madecassic acid). to identify which is the major active constituent, a comprehensive and comparative study of these compounds was performed. in vitro, primary human skin fibroblasts, originating from healthy ...201223346217
Enhancement of the Skin-Protective Activities of Centella asiatica L. Urban by a Nano-encapsulation Process.Aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica L. Urban were encapsulated by an edible biopolymer, gelatin, which has no effect on their cosmetic activities. The nanoparticles were w/o-type spherical liposomes that had an average diameter of 115.0nm. The encapsulation efficiency was estimated to be approximately 67%, which was relatively high for these aqueous extracts. The nanoparticles showed lower cytotoxicity (10%) in human skin fibroblast cells than the unencapsulated crude extract (15%) at 1.0mg/ml ...201221893113
factors affecting the content of pentacyclic triterpenes in centella asiatica raw materials.pentacyclic triterpenes, mainly, asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside, and madecassoside are the active constituents of centella asitica (l.) urban. (apiaceae). these compounds possess various pharmacological activities that have been shown to assist with wound healing and brain enrichment.201222966846
a β-cyclodextrin, polyethyleneimine and silk fibroin hydrogel containing centella asiatica extract and hydrocortisone acetate: releasing properties and in vivo efficacy for healing of pressure sores.pressure sores are lesions caused by impaired blood flow. conventional dressings can absorb exudates, but do not promote wound healing. a hydrogel composed of β-cyclodextrin (β-cd), polyethyleneimine (pei) and silk fibroin (sf) was assessed for use in healing of pressure sores.201222439751
inhibitory effect of asiatic acid on acetylcholinesterase, excitatory post synaptic potential and locomotor activity.the asiatic acid, a triterpenoids isolated from centella asiatica was used to delineate its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (ache) properties, excitatory post synaptic potential (epsp) and locomotor activity. this study is consistent with asiatic acid having an effect on ache, a selective gaba(b) receptor agonist and no sedative effect on locomotor.201222112723
discrimination of three pegaga (centella) varieties and determination of growth-lighting effects on metabolites content based on the chemometry of 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.the metabolites of three species of apiaceae, also known as pegaga, were analyzed utilizing (1)h nmr spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. principal component analysis (pca) and hierarchical cluster analysis (hca) resolved the species, centella asiatica, hydrocotyle bonariensis, and hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, into three clusters. the saponins, asiaticoside and madecassoside, along with chlorogenic acids were the metabolites that contributed most to the separation. furthermore, the effect ...201222084897
titrated extract of centella asiatica provides a uvb protective effect by altering microrna expression profiles in human dermal fibroblasts.the titrated extract of centella asiatica (teca) is a reconstituted mixture comprising of asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside, and is used as a therapeutic agent in wound healing and also as an anti-microbial, anticancer and anti-aging agent. although these properties and the associated cell signaling pathways have been elucidated, the cellular mechanism of anti-photoaging upon ultraviolet (uv) exposure in normal human dermal fibroblasts (nhdfs) remains unknown. in this ...201222948173
asiaticoside enhances normal human skin cell migration, attachment and growth in vitro wound healing model.wound healing proceeds through a complex collaborative process involving many types of cells. keratinocytes and fibroblasts of epidermal and dermal layers of the skin play prominent roles in this process. asiaticoside, an active component of centella asiatica, is known for beneficial effects on keloid and hypertrophic scar. however, the effects of this compound on normal human skin cells are not well known. using in vitro systems, we observed the effects of asiaticoside on normal human skin cell ...201222939261
inhibition of cpla2 and spla2 activities in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons by centella asiatica water extract.leaf extract of centella asiatica has been used as an alternative medicine for memory improvement in the indian ayurvedic system of medicine for a long time. although several studies have revealed its effect in ameliorating the cognitive impairment in rat models of alzheimer's disease, the molecular mechanism of c. asiatica on neuroprotection still remains unexplained. in this study, we investigated the effects of c. asiatica water extract on activity of subtypes of phospholipase a2 (pla2) in pr ...201222908561
evaluation of antioxidant activity of two important memory enhancing medicinal plants baccopa monnieri and centella asiatica.free radicals or highly reactive oxygen species are capable of inducing oxidative damage to human body. antioxidants are the compounds which terminate the attack of reactive species and reduce the risk of diseases. both baccopa monnieri and centella asiatica are used in treatment of brain disorders in humans and have almost similar effects.201222345883
the influence of certain taxonomic and environmental parameters on biomass production and triterpenoid content in the leaves of centella asiatica (l.) urb. from madagascar.centella asiatica (apiaceae family; talapetraka in malagasy) is a tropical and subtropical plant with leaves containing glycotriterpenoids (asiaticosides) used in traditional and modern medicine. c. asiatica is collected exclusively in natural stands. it is madagascar's second most important indigenous plant export. the objective in this study is to provide data which will make it possible to optimize the harvest and thus effectively develop this resource. two foliar morphotypes were identified: ...201222344906
microsatellite markers isolated from the wild medicinal plant centella asiatica (apiaceae) from an enriched genomic library.microsatellite markers for centella asiatica, an important medicinal herb, were developed and characterized to promote genetic and molecular studies.201222473979
asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene in centella asiatica, attenuates glutamate-induced cognitive deficits in mice and apoptosis in sh-sy5y cells.to investigate whether asiatic acid (aa), a pentacyclic triterpene in centella asiatica, exerted neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo, and to determine the underlying mechanisms.201222447225
centella asiatica extract improves behavioral deficits in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease: investigation of a possible mechanism of action.centella asiatica (ca), commonly named gotu kola, is an ayurvedic herb used to enhance memory and nerve function. to investigate the potential use of ca in alzheimer's disease (ad), we examined the effects of a water extract of ca (gkw) in the tg2576 mouse, a murine model of ad with high β-amyloid burden. orally administered gkw attenuated β-amyloid-associated behavioral abnormalities in these mice. in vitro, gkw protected sh-sy5y cells and mc65 human neuroblastoma cells from toxicity induced by ...201222506133
centella asiatica protects against uvb-induced hacat keratinocyte damage through microrna expression changes.this study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of centella asiatica (c. asiatica) against ultraviolet b (uvb) damage in human keratinocytes using microrna (mirna) expression profiling analysis. titrated extract of c. asiatica (teca) demonstrated low cytotoxicity in normal human hacat keratinocytes only at low doses (<5 µg/ml). uvb (50 mj/cm2) irradiation significantly decreased cell viability, and teca treatment decreased the uvb toxicity. by using mirna microarrays, we determined that 72 m ...201223064234
improved in vitro and in vivo collagen biosynthesis by asiaticoside-loaded ultradeformable vesicles.the potentiality of ultradeformable vesicles as a possible topical delivery system for asiaticoside, a natural compound obtained from centella asiatica was evaluated, because this compound exhibits collagen biosynthesis promoting activity. ultradeformable vesicles were prepared by the extrusion technique; these vesicles were composed of phospholipon 100 and different molar fractions of sodium cholate as the edge activator. the physicochemical properties of the ultradeformable vesicles were inves ...201222698941
madecassoside suppresses migration of fibroblasts from keloids: involvement of p38 kinase and pi3k signaling pathways.keloid is a specific skin scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original injury as it heals. the invasive nature of keloid and notable migratory activity of fibroblasts are a hallmark, which distinguishes keloids from other common scars. madecassoside, a triterpenoid saponin occurring in centella asiatica herbs, possesses unique pharmacological properties to enhance wound-healing and diminish keloid formation. however, the effects of madecassoside on the formation of keloid scars have b ...201222360962
plectranthus amboinicus and centella asiatica cream for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.effects of a topical cream containing p. amboinicus (lour.) spreng. (lamiaceae) and c. asiatica (l.) urban (umbelliferae) were evaluated and compared to effects of hydrocolloid fiber wound dressing for diabetic foot ulcers. a single-center, randomized, controlled, open-label study was conducted. twenty-four type 1 or type 2 diabetes patients aged 20 years or older with wagner grade 3 foot ulcers postsurgical debridement were enrolled between october 2008 and december 2009. twelve randomly assign ...201222693530
centella asiatica (l.) urban: from traditional medicine to modern medicine with neuroprotective potential.this paper covers the studies relevant to neuroprotective activity of centella asiatica (l.) urban, also known as "gotu kola." the plant is native to the southeast asia and has been used traditionally as brain tonic in ayurvedic medicine. the neuroprotective effect of c. asiatica has been searched using the key words "centella, centella asiatica, gotu kola, asiatic pennywort, neuroprotection, and memory" through the electronic databases including sciencedirect, web of science, scopus, pubmed, an ...201222666298
a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method for quantification of asiatic acid from plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study in rats.asiatic acid (aa), a pentacyclic triterpene from centella asiatica (l.) urban, has shown numerous therapeutic activities. however, none of the published works to date has used high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (hplc/ms/ms) for determination of aa from biological fluids. therefore, the present paper describes a sensitive hplc/electrospray ionization (esi)-ms/ms method for quantification of aa in rat plasma.201222847688
anxiolytic effects of standardized extract of centella asiatica (eca 233) after chronic immobilization stress in mice.centella asiatica has long been used for various neurological disturbances in southeast asian countries. the present study aims to demonstrate the anxiolytic effect of eca 233, a standardized extract of c. asiatica containing triterpenoids not less than 80%, in comparison to diazepam.201222841896
madecassoside, a triterpenoid saponin isolated from centella asiatica herbs, protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress.this study aimed to investigate the effect of madecassoside against oxidative stress-induced injury of endothelial cells. hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2), 500 µmol/l) was employed as an inducer of oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs). cell apoptosis was detected by hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. caspase-3 activity and mitochondria membrane potential were further examined. as a result, madecassoside (10, 30, 100 µmol/l) could reverse morphological changes, e ...201222829481
wound healing activities of different extracts of centella asiatica in incision and burn wound models: an experimental animal study.the efficacy of centella asiatica for incision and burn wounds are not fully understood. here, we report the wound healing activities of sequential hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of centella asiatica in incision and partial-thickness burn wound models in rats.201222817824
evaluation of amygdaloid neuronal dendritic arborization enhancing effect of centella asiatica (linn) fresh leaf extract in adult rats.objective: centella asiatica (cea), a creeper, growing in moist places in india and other asian countries. leaves of cea are used for memory enhancement in ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternative system of medicine originated from india. in the present study, we have investigated the role of cea fresh leaf extract treatment on adult rats on dendritic morphology of amygdaloid neurons, one of the regions concerned with learning and memory. methods: adult rats (2.5-month old) were fed with 2, ...201223212568
induction of root colonization by piriformospora indica leads to enhanced asiaticoside production in centella asiatica.centella asiatica (indian pennywort) has wide application in indian and chinese traditional medicines with documented evidence for wound healing and neuroprotective and anti-aging potential. asiaticoside, a trisaccharide triterpene, is the most medicinally active compound in the plant. β-amyrin synthase and squalene synthase have been identified as the two key genes in the triterpenoid pathway which regulate the production of asiaticoside in c. asiatica. the paper reports salient findings of our ...201221688071
growth and asiaticoside production in multiple shoot cultures of a medicinal herb, centella asiatica (l.) urban, under the influence of nutrient manipulations.growth and in vitro asiaticoside accumulation in multiple shoot cultures of centella asiatica (l.) urban was studied as a function of nutrient manipulations in the culture media. shoot cultures raised in liquid murashige and skoog medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l kinetin attained a growth index (gi) of 6.06 along with the highest asiaticoside content of 3.8 mg/g dry weight on the 35th day of the culture cycle. the shoot growth and asiaticoside accumulation were found to be influenced by the rel ...201221947691
a rapid one-step immunochromatographic assay for the detection of asiaticoside.asiaticoside has been identified as the most active compound in centella asiatica. in order to screen a large number of plant samples for the presence of asiaticoside, a rapid and simple technique is required that utilizes small quantities for test samples. in this study, an immunochromatographic strip test has been developed for the detection of asiaticoside in plant samples that uses a monoclonal antibody against asiaticoside. the limit of detection for the strip test was 12.5 μg/ml. immunoass ...201221874622
genetic diversity of centella asiatica in china analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers: combination analysis with chemical diversity.centella asiatica is an important plant species used in traditional chinese medicine. to help the efficient use and conservation of this species, the genetic diversity of c. asiatica populations in china was investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers. fourteen natural populations comprising 162 individuals were included to estimate genetic diversity. at the species level, genetic diversity was relatively high (p = 66.33%, h = 0.2183, i = 0.3305). at the population level, the ...201221853385
ethnobotanical treatment strategies against alzheimer's disease.ethnobotany encompasses the cultural uses of plants by humans, including their uses as medicines (ethnopharmacology). the reputed medicinal properties of plants have been documented for centuries in different cultures, and there are many plant species that have been traditionally used for memory disorders, which are now being explored to determine any scientific basis for their reputed uses. plants have been a valuable source of drugs, and phytochemicals have also provided templates to develop s ...201222329652
aqueous extract of centella asiatica promotes corneal epithelium wound healing in vitro.centella asiatica is a traditional herbal medicine that has been shown to have pharmacological effect on skin wound healing, and could be potential therapeutic agent for corneal epithelial wound healing.201222301444
asiatic acid protects primary neurons against c2-ceramide-induced apoptosis.ceramides derived from sphingosine contribute to the apoptotic processes of neuronal cells in neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer's disease. this study investigates the potential neuroprotective effects of asiatic acid, a triterpenoid derived from centella asiatica, against c(2)-ceramides-induced cell death in primary cultured rat cortical neuronal cells. in primary neurons, asiatic acid (0.01 to 1.0 μmol/l) reduced c(2)-ceramide-induced cell death and mitochondria membrane potential ...201222296759
carotenoid and mineral content of different morphotypes of centella asiatica l. (gotukola).six morphotypes of centella asiatica designated g(1), g(2), g(3), g(7), g(8) and g(12) were analyzed for carotenoid content, proximate components and selected dietary minerals. potassium was found to be the major element present in c. asiatica and the content in g(1) and g(3) (6,165.0 ± 125.8 mg/100 g dry weight) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than all other morphotypes. c. asiatica is more popular for its higher contents of iron and calcium. however, no significant (p>0.05) differences in ...201121391792
a new ursane-type triterpenoid glycoside from centella asiatica leaves modulates the production of nitric oxide and secretion of tnf-α in activated raw 264.7 cells.one new ursane-type triterpenoid glycoside, asiaticoside g (1), five triterpenoids, asiaticoside (2), asiaticoside f (3), asiatic acid (4), quadranoside iv (5), and 2α,3β,6β-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-o-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl] ester (6), and four flavonoids, kaempferol (7), quercetin (8), astragalin (9), and isoquercetin (10) were isolated from the leaves of centella asiatica. their chemical structures were elucidated by mass, 1d- and 2d- ...201121353543
gotu kola induced hepatotoxicity in a child - need for caution with alternative remedies. 201121334992
combination of flavonoids with centella asiatica and melilotus for diabetic cystoid macular edema without macular thickening.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the orally administered combination of flavonoids desmin and troxerutin with centella asiatica and melilotus for the treatment of diabetic cystoid macular edema (cme) without macular thickening.201121314440
[studies on fingerprints of centella asiatica by hplc].to study the hplc fingerprints and establish a sensitive and specific method for controlling the quality of centella asiatica.201121818967
wound repair and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oils from cones of pinaceae: preclinical experimental research in animal models.ethnobotanical surveys revealed that abies bornmulleriana, abies cilicica, abies nordmanniana and cedrus libani have been used to promote wound healing in turkish folk medicine. four different fir species (abies cilicica subsp. cilicica, abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana, abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, and abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana), cedrus libani and picea orientalis were assessed for their in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.201121816214
a new cyclodextrin-grafted viscose loaded with aescin formulations for a cosmeto-textile approach to chronic venous insufficiency.cosmeto-textile applications can be used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency in legs by means of elastic bandages loaded with natural products which possess flebotonic properties. we have developed an efficient synthetic procedure for the preparation of β-cyclodextrin (β-cd)-grafted viscose by means of a 2-step ultrasound-assisted reaction. the highly grafted fabric bearing bis-urethane bridged β-cd has been characterized by atr-ftir and cp-mas spectra and by an empiric colorimetric ...201121805331
two new dammarane monodesmosides from centella asiatica.two new dammarane monodesmosides centellosides a (1) and b (2), and two new natural products ginsenosides mc (10) and y (11), together with 11 known compounds (3-9 and 12-15) reported for the first time from this genus, were isolated from the whole plants of centella asiatica. all structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods, and compared with literature values. all the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity.201121751844
irbic acid, a dicaffeoylquinic acid derivative from centella asiatica cell cultures.3,5-o-dicaffeoyl-4-o-malonilquinic acid (1) (irbic acid) has been isolated for the first time from cell cultures of centella asiatica and till now it has never been reported to be present in the intact plant. evidence of its structure was obtained by spectroscopic analyses (ms/nmr). besides 1, cell cultures produce also the known 3,5-o-dicaffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and the triferulic acid 2 (4-o-8'/4'-o-8″-didehydrotriferulic acid). biological activities were evaluated for compound 1, ...201121635941
estimation of proximate composition, micronutrients and phytochemical compounds in traditional vegetables from andaman and nicobar islands.in present study, 10 preferred traditional vegetables from andaman and nicobar islands, india, were analysed for nutritional profiles. moisture content in their edible parts ranged from 83.43 to 94.78%. maximum ash content was recorded in portulaca oleracea, crude protein in colocasia esculenta, crude fibre in eryngium foetidum and fat in e. foetidum. phosphorus was maximum in ipomea aquatica, potassium in c. esculenta, zinc, calcium and manganese in centella asiatica, copper in sauropus androgy ...201121615278
optimization of an efficient semi-solid culture protocol for sterilization and plant regeneration of centella asiatica (l.) as a medicinal herb.the present study investigates the effects of different concentrations, as well as type of plant growth regulators (pgrs) and medium (ms, duchefa) on the growth and development of centella asiatica in semi-solid culture. in addition, a protocol for successful sterilization of c.asiatica explants prepared from field-grown plants highly exposed to fungal and bacterial contamination was determined. results for sterilization treatments revealed that applying hgcl₂ and plant preservative mixture (ppm ...201122439138
triterpene composition and bioactivities of centella asiatica.leaves of centella asiatica (centella) were analysed for their triterpene composition and bioactivity such as collagen enhancement, antioxidant, anticellulite and uv protection capacity properties. triterpenes of centella were measured using hplc-pad on an excil ods 5 mm (c18) column for the simultaneous determination of asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. centella was found to contain significant amounts of madecassoside (3.10 ± 4.58 mg/ml) and asiaticoside (1.97 ± 2. ...201121278681
asiaticoside suppresses collagen expression and tgf-β/smad signaling through inducing smad7 and inhibiting tgf-βri and tgf-βrii in keloid fibroblasts.asiaticoside (ats) isolated from the leaves of centella asiatica possesses strong wound-healing properties and reduces scar formation. however, the specific effects of asiaticoside on the formation of keloidal scars remain unknown. in the present study, we evaluated the in vitro effects of asiaticoside on the proliferation, collagen expression, and transforming growth factor (tgf)-β/smad signaling of keloid-derived fibroblasts. fibroblasts isolated from keloid tissue and normal skin tissues were ...201121240513
evaluation of the wound healing potentials of two subspecies of hypericum perforatum on cultured nih3t3 fibroblasts.for centuries, hypericum perforatum has been used in folk medicine to treat wounds. in the present study, the wound healing activities of extracts of h. perforatum ssp. perforatum (hpp) and h. perforatum ssp. veronense (hpv) were evaluated by comparing with a titrated extract of centella asiatica (teca) on nih3t3 fibroblasts. the cells were incubated with the extracts. using microscopical methods by staining cells, mitotic ability, morphological changes and collagen production in the fibroblasts ...201120632305
effects of acute gamma irradiation on physiological traits and flavonoid accumulation of centella asiatica.in the present study, two accessions of centella asiatica (ca03 and ca23) were subjected to gamma radiation to examine the response of these accessions in terms of survival rate, flavonoid contents, leaf gas exchange and leaf mass. radiation sensitivity tests revealed that based on the survival rate, the ld(50) (gamma doses that killed 50% of the plantlets) of the plantlets were achieved at 60 gy for ca03 and 40 gy for ca23. the nodal segments were irradiated with gamma rays at does of 30 and 40 ...201121694666
centella asiatica improves physical performance and health-related quality of life in healthy elderly volunteer.recently, oxidative stress has been reported to contribute an important role in the decline of physical function as age advances. numerous antioxidants can improve both physical and psychological performances resulting in the increase of health-related quality of life (hqol). therefore, we hypothesized that centella asiatica, a medicinal plant reputed for nerve tonic, strength improvement and antioxidant activity, could improve the physical performance and hqol especially in the physical satisfa ...201119880441
interesting asian plants: their compounds and effects on electrophysiology and behaviour.there have been numerous non-scientific reports on the behavioural effects of asian plants in humans who consumed these plants wholly or part thereof. knowledge passed from generation to generation informs us of plants that increase effort and stamina, such as during paddy planting after the ingestion of mitragyna speciosa korth (ketum) as a tea supplement. centella asiatica and myristica fragrans are used as herbs to improve memory and to treat epilepsy, respectively. zizyphus mauritiana is use ...201122589667
teca (titrated extract of centella asiatica): new microcirculatory, biomolecular, and vascular application in preventive and clinical medicine. a status paper.plant-derived elements used for pharmacological applications constitute an increasing research field. centella asiatica is widely used mainly as an extract (teca). triterpenic fractions, the primary constituents of centella asiatica, produce a wide range of preventive and therapeutic effects. the modulation of collagen production and deposition in wound healing is of primary importance. teca is also used to treat several microcirculatory problems, inflammatory skin conditions (leprosy, lupus, va ...201122108486
sri lankan rice mixed meals: effect on glycaemic index and contribution to daily dietary fibre requirement.the glycaemic index (gi) concept ranks starchy foods according to the blood glucose responses following ingestion. when considering commonly consumed sri lankan meals, only a few can be categorised as low gi. however, a significant negative correlation between the gi of sri lankan meals and fibre content has been observed indicating the potential to reduce the gi of meals by incorporating naturally occurring sources of fibre. thus, the objective of this study was to study the effect of increased ...201122135869
flavonoid and leaf gas exchange responses of centella asiatica to acute gamma irradiation and carbon dioxide enrichment under controlled environment conditions.the study was couducted to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation and co₂ on flavonoid content and leaf gas exchange in c.asiatica. for flavonoid determination, the design was a split split plot based on randomized complete block design (rcbd). for other parameters, the designs were split plots. statistical tests revealed significant differences in flavonoid contents of centella asiatica leaves between different growth stages and various co₂ treatments. co₂ 400, g20 (400 = ambient co₂; g20 ...201122027950
antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of fermented centella asiatica herbal teas.c. asiatica was exposed to various fermentations: no fermentation (0 min), partial fermentation (120 min) and full fermentation (24 h). total phenolic content (tpc) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (frap) of c. asiatica infusions were studied as a function of water temperature (60, 80 or 100 °c), the brewing stage (one, two or three) and the brewing time (1, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 min). the optimum brewing procedure was adopted to study the antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds in c. as ...201121987075
evaluation of comparative free-radical quenching potential of brahmi (bacopa monnieri) and mandookparni (centella asiatica).ayurvedic texts describe rejuvenate measures called rasayana to impart biological sustenance to bodily tissues. rasayana acting specifically on brain are called medhya rasayana. brahmi is one of the most commonly practiced herbs for the same. yet there exist a controversy regarding the exact plant species among bacopa monnieri l. penn (bm) and centella asiatica (l.) urban (ca) to be used as brahmi in the formulations. though the current literature available has suggested a very good nootropic po ...201122408313
in vitro inhibitory potential of selected malaysian plants against key enzymes involved in hyperglycemia and hypertension.this study was conducted to determine the inhibitory potential of selected malaysian plants against key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes and hypertension.201122135867
protective role of centella asiatica on lead-induced oxidative stress and suppressed reproductive health in male rats.centella asiatica has been mentioned in ancient ayurvedic text of the indian system of medicine for its properties to promote intelligence. the objective of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of c. asiatica on lead-induced oxidative stress and suppressed reproductive performance in male rats. significant decrease in the weights of testes and epididymis were observed in lead treated animals. exposure to lead acetate significantly increased malondialdehyde levels with a si ...201121843793
first report of septoria centellae associated with leaf spot of centella asiatica in korea.septoria centellae associated with leaf spot of centella asiatica is reported for the first time in korea. the fungus is described and illustrated in detail. it is also compared with related species of septoria present on centella and hydrocotyle spp. with taxonomic comments. two monoconidial isolates from jeju and wando were successfully cultured and have been deposited in the korean agricultural culture collection.201122783123
The inductive effects of Centella asiatica on rat spermatogenic cell apoptosis in vivo.Centella asiatica (L.) Urban has been traditionally used for the treatment of various disease and as a food for thousands of years in various parts of the world including eastern Asia, China and India. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of Centella asiatica aqueous leaf extract on the induction of spermatogenic cell apoptosis in male rats. After lethal dose (LD(50)) assessment of plant extract, rats were divided in five groups. The experimental groups received orally 10, 50, 8 ...201121870191
wound healing acceleration effect of endemic ononis species growing in turkey.ononis l. species have been used for healing of wounds, eczema and rheumatic complaints, against skin cancer and lesions and topically used as antiseptic and antimicrobial agent in folk medicine. in the present study, the aqueous and methanolic extracts of three endemic ononis species growing in turkey, including ononis sessilifolia bornm., ononis basiadnata hub.-mor. and ononis macrosperma hub.-mor. were assessed for their in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.201121354296
development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for assay of madecassoside in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study.a rapid, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (lc-esi-ms) method was developed and validated for the quantification of madecassoside, a major active constituent of centella asiatica (l.) urb. herbs, in rat plasma. with paeoniflorin as an internal standard (is), a simple liquid-liquid extraction process was employed for the plasma sample preparation. chromatographic separation was achieved within 6?min on a shim-pack clc-ods colu ...201121413047
regeneration of centella asiatica plants from non-embryogenic cell lines and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of regenerated calli and plants.abstract:201121989222
centella asiatica attenuates d-galactose-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice.d-galactose induced neurotoxicity is well known model for studying aging and related oxidative damage and memory impairment. aging is a biological process, characterized by the gradual loss of physiological functions by unknown mechanism. centella asiatica, indian pennywort has been documented in the treatment of various neurological disorders including aging. therefore, present study has been conducted in order to explore the possible role of centella asiatica against d-galactose induced cognit ...201121629743
the role of natural products in the discovery of new drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders ii: alzheimer's disease.the present review is part ii in a series (part i focuses on parkinson's disease) that addresses the value of natural product chemistry in the discovery of medicines for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. data reviewed document that a host of products from plant species and derivatives have neuroprotectant effects in vitro and in vivo. in addition, besides neuroprotection, natural products also demonstrate biological effects that target biochemical pathways underlying associated sympt ...201120874701
centella asiatica extracts modulate hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in human dermal fibroblasts.centella asiatica (c. asiatica) is a pharmacological plant in south asia. it has been demonstrated that c. asiatica extracts containing various pentacyclic triterpenes exert healing effects, especially wound healing and collagen synthesis in skin. however, there are few studies on the effect of c. asiatica extracts on stress-induced premature senescence (sips). to determine whether h(2) o(2) -induced senescence is affected by c. asiatica extracts, we performed senescence analysis on cultured hum ...201122092576
antinociceptive activities and the mechanisms of anti-inflammation of asiatic acid in mice.asiatic acid (aa), a pentacyclic triterpene compound in the medicinal plant centella asiatica, was evaluated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. treatment of male icr mice with aa significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing responses and the formalin-induced pain in the late phase. in the anti-inflammatory test, aa decreased the paw edema at the 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan (carr) administration and increased the activities of catalase (cat), superoxid ...201121584194
Exploring the role of "Brahmi" (Bocopa monnieri and Centella asiatica) in brain function and therapy.It has been envisaged that in this century, disorders of the central nervous system will have a significant bearing on the healthcare concerns of the human population worldwide. Such neurological and psychiatric disorders are generally associated with loss of memory, cognitive deficits, impaired mental function etc. Due to the multi-factorial nature of these diseases, modern medicine based psychoactive drugs have met with limited success. Therefore, there is a growing demand for novel products t ...201122074576
a clinical study on the management of generalized anxiety disorder with centella asiatica.centella asiatica is reputed for its beneficial effects in various neurological disorders. the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the role of 70% hydro-ethanolic extract of centella asiatica (ca) on generalized anxiety disorder (gad) in man. hamilton's brief psychiatric rating scale (bprs) was used to screen the subjects. thirty-three participants (18 male and 15 female; average age 33 yrs) were medicated with the ca in a fixed dose regime (500 mg/capsule, twice daily, after meal). ...201020677602
in vitro biological evaluation of electrospun cellulose acetate fiber mats containing asiaticoside or curcumin.ultra-fine cellulose acetate (ca; m(w) approximately 30,000 da; degree of acetyl substitution approximately 2.4) fiber mats containing either asiaticoside [from the plant centella asiatica (l.); either in the form of a crude extract (cace) or pure substance (pac)] or curcumin (cm; from the plant curcuma longa l.) were successfully prepared. the proposed use of these materials is as topical/transdermal patches or wound dressings. here, the potential for use of these herb-loaded ca fiber mats as w ...201020694988
[effects of compound centella asiatica enema on kidneys coefficient, electrolytes and blood in chronic renal failure rats].to study the pharmacological effects of compound centella asiatica enema on chronic renal failure (crf) rats.201020873565
protective effects of asiaticoside on acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine in mice.asiaticoside (as), a triterpenoid product isolated from centella asiatica, has been described to exhibit anti-in fl ammatory activities in several inflammatory models. however, the effects of as on liver injury are poorly understood. the present study was undertaken to investigate whether as is efficacious against lipopolysaccharide (lps) /d-galactosamine (d-galn)-induced acute liver injury in mice and its potential mechanisms. as (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/d) was pretreated orally once daily for 3 day ...201020171071
protective effects of asiaticoside on septic lung injury in mice.asiaticoside (as), a major triterpenoid saponin component isolated from centella asiatica, has been described to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. the present study aimed to determine the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of as on septic lung injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture (clp). mice were pretreated with the as (45mg/kg) or as as well as gw9662 at 1h before clp, the survival, lung injury, inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules, and perox ...201020471230
prophylaxis with centella asiatica confers protection to prepubertal mice against 3-nitropropionic-acid-induced oxidative stress in brain.while the usage of centella asiatica (ca) is on the increase worldwide, evidence demonstrating its protective efficacy against neurotoxicants is scarce. hence the present study aimed to understand the neuroprotective efficacy of a standardized aqueous extract of ca against 3-nitropropionic-acid(3-npa)-induced oxidative stress in the brain of prepubertal mice. we assessed the degree of oxidative stress in cytoplasm of brain regions of male mice (4 wk- old) given ca prophylaxis (5 mg/kg bw) for 10 ...201019943239
evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect of centella asiatica (gotu kola) in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures with respect to cholinergic neurotransmission.the study described here was carried out to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of different extracts of centella asiatica with respect to cholinergic activity on pentylenetetrazol (ptz)-induced seizures. rats were randomly divided into eight groups of six rats each: nonepileptic rats treated with saline; ptz (60 mg/kg, ip)-induced seizure rats treated with saline; ptz-induced seizure rats pretreated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water extracts of c. asiatica; and pt ...201020144879
3,5-dicaffeoyl-4-malonylquinic acid reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in a experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease.the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 3,5-dicaffeoyl-4-malonylquinic acid (ca1), extract from centella asiatica, in rats subjected to experimental colitis.201019886745
rapid screening of commercially available herbal products for the inhibition of major human hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes using the n-in-one cocktail.self-administration of complementary products concurrently with conventional medication is increasingly common. the potential for cytochrome p450 (cyp) inhibition requires investigation. the n-in-one assay with ten probe substrates for nine cyps was used with human liver microsomes to investigate ten products. cyp inhibition was measured in a single liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms-ms) analysis. estimated ic(50)-values were determined for the extracts that produced significa ...201020218935
in vitro modulatory effects on three major human cytochrome p450 enzymes by multiple active constituents and extracts of centella asiatica.centella asiatica (ca) has been widely cultivated as a vegetable or spice in china, southeast asia, india, sri lanka, africa, and oceanic countries and traditionally used for wound healing and maintaining normal blood pressure.201020457244
effects of asiatic acid on passive and active avoidance task in male spraque-dawley rats.centella asiatica has a reputation to restore declining cognitive function in traditional medicine. to date, only a few compounds that show enhancing learning and memory properties are available. therefore, the present study investigates the effects of for acute administration of asiatic acid (a-a) isolated from centella asiatica administration on memory and learning in male spraque-dawley rats.201021167268
an ethnopharmacological study on verbascum species: from conventional wound healing use to scientific verification.the leaves, flowers, and whole aerial parts of verbascum l. (scrophulariaceae) species are used to treat eczema and other types of inflammatory skin conditions and as a desiccant for wounds in turkish traditional medicine. in the present study, the methanolic extracts of 13 verbascum species growing in turkey, including verbascum chionophyllum hub.-mor., verbascum cilicicum boiss., verbascum dudleyanum (hub.-mor.) hub.-mor., verbascum lasianthum boiss., verbascum latisepalum hub.-mor., verbascum ...201020709167
the antiepileptic effect of centella asiatica on the activities of na/k, mg and ca-atpases in rat brain during pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy.to study the anticonvulsant effect of different extracts of centella asiatica (ca) in male albino rats with reference to na(+)/k(+), mg(2+) and ca(2+)-atpase activities.201020711371
in vitro modulatory effects of andrographis paniculata, centella asiatica and orthosiphon stamineus on cytochrome p450 2c19 (cyp2c19).ethno pharmacological relevance: andrographis paniculata (ap), centella asiatica (ca) and orthosiphon stamineus (os) are three popular herbs traditionally used worldwide. ap is known for the treatment of infections and diabetes and ca is good for wound healing and healthy skin while os is usually consumed as tea to treat kidney and urinary disorders. interaction of these herbs with human cytochrome p450 2c19 (cyp2c19), a major hepatic cyp isoform involved in metabolism of many clinical drugs has ...201021093571
madecassoside suppresses lps-induced tnf-alpha production in cardiomyocytes through inhibition of erk, p38, and nf-kappab activity.madecassoside (ma) is a major triterpenoid component of centella asiatica that has a wide range of biological activities, including wound-healing and antioxidative activities. in the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of ma on rat cardiac dysfunction during sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps), as well as the possible mechanism. pretreatment of the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with ma inhibited lps-induced tnf-alpha production in a concentration-dependent manner. in addition ...201020381648
microbial transformation of asiatic acid by alternaria longipes.asiatic acid is a major pentacyclic triterpene isolated from centella asiatica. it shows a variety of bioactivities. in order to obtain its derivatives, potentially useful for detailed pharmacological studies, the substrate was subjected to incubations with selected micro-organisms. in this work, asiatic acid was converted into three new compounds: 2α,3β,23,30-tetrahydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (1), 2α,3β,22β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (2), and 2α,3β,22β,23,30-pentahydroxyurs-12-ene-2 ...201020839122
neuroprotective effect of centella asiatica extract (cae) on experimentally induced parkinsonism in aged sprague-dawley rats.reactive oxygen species (ros) play an important role in ageing and age-related neurodegenerative changes including parkinson's disease (pd). pd is characterized by signs of major oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. present study was designed to investigate whether the centella asiatica extract (cae) would prevent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced neurotoxicity in aged sprague-dawley rats. adult, male sprague-dawley rat ...201020118623
upregulation of phytosterol and triterpene biosynthesis in centella asiatica hairy roots overexpressed ginseng farnesyl diphosphate synthase.farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fps) plays an essential role in organ development in plants. however, fps has not previously been identified as a key regulatory enzyme in triterpene biosynthesis. to elucidate the functions of fps in triterpene biosynthesis, c. asiatica was transformed with a construct harboring panax ginseng fps (pgfps)-encoding cdna coupled to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. higher levels of cadds (c. asiatica dammarenediol synthase) and cacys (c. asiatica cycloarteno ...201020195611
antidiabetic screening of commercial botanical products in 3t3-l1 adipocytes and db/db mice.numerous botanicals are purported to improve glucose metabolism and diabetic risk factors with varying degrees of supportive evidence. we investigated 203 commercially available botanical products representing 90 unique botanical species for effects on lipogenic activity in differentiating 3t3-l1 adipocytes. anti-inflammatory activity of 21 of these products was further assessed in tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha)-stimulated, mature 3t3-l1 adipocytes. from these results, rho-isoalpha acids ...201020521979
use of asiatic pennywort centella asiatica aqueous extract as a bath treatment to control columnaris in nile tilapia.to develop antibiotic-free and chemical-free aquaculture, it is necessary to have natural substances to control diseases of aquatic animals. the aim of this study was to find an herb having therapeutic effect against columnaris, a fish disease caused by the bacterium flavobacterium columnare. of all tested herbs (including kalmegh andrographis paniculata, candle bush cassia alata, asiatic pennywort centella asiatica, mangosteen garcinia mangostana, pomegranate punica granatum, and guava psidium ...201020575361
antispermatogenic and antifertility effect of pegaga (centella asiatica l) on the testis of male sprague-dawley rats.antifertility agents with safety and effectiveness in terms of minimum side effects have always been a subject of debate. many studies have been conducted on plants to observe the antifertility effect, but majority of them were toxic. pegaga or centella asiatica l. is one of the popular herb traditionally consumed raw amongst people in malaysia. the main objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of centella asiatica l. extract on rat testis.201020589353
[multicentric study on a topical compound with lymph-draining action in the treatment of the phlebostatic ulcer of the inferior limbs].phlebostatic sore of the lower limbs is a typical chronic venous insufficiency complication and is still a widely controversial issue in its treatment. the common therapies, in fact, are not yet standardized and they not show complete efficacy. since 2005 to 2007 a multicentric clinical trial was conducted at the plastic and reconstructive surgery of "sapienza" university of rome and at the plastic and reconstructive surgery department, university of perugia, in order to evaluate the efficacy of ...201020109380
preparation of a specific monoclonal antibody to asiaticoside for the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.asiaticoside (as), the major active component of centella asiatica (l.) urban, is used as a memory enhancer and for wound healing. we have successfully prepared monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against as, and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system for its determination. as was conjugated to the carrier protein bovine serum albumin (bsa), which acted as an immunogen. in order to confirm its immunogenicity, the ratio of hapten in the as-bsa conjugate was determined by matrix-as ...201021180694
contact dermatitis due to madecassol.madecassol is an extract of centella asiatica, a member of the umbelliferae family. it contains madecassic acid, asiatic acid and asiaticoside. it has been used as a wound healing agent and for the prevention of cicatrization. we report contact dermatitis due to madecassol and a control study with its individual ingredients.20102936544
clinical evaluation of shilajatu rasayana in patients with hiv infection.aids is one of the serious global health concerns caused by human immuno deficiency(hiv) virus and is predominantly a sexually transmitted disease. currently there is no vaccine or cure for aids still anti retroviral therapy (art) is successful. it reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of hiv infection, but is expensive and inaccessible in many countries. however intense the therapy may be, hiv virus is rarely eliminated, and drug resistance is a major setback during long-term therapy. th ...201022131681
phytotherapeutics: an evaluation of the potential of 1000 plants.the aim of this review is to evaluate and summarize the available scientific information on the commonest plant extracts marketed in western countries. in view of the intense, ongoing search for new plant extracts with powerful anti-inflammatory activity, we paid particular attention to this topic. the aim is to provide broad coverage of as many potentially useful plants as possible and then to focus on those with the greatest therapeutic potential.201020175810
study and description of hydrogels and organogels as vehicles for cosmetic active ingredients.cellulite, a clinical syndrome mainly affecting women, involves specific changes in conjunctive dermic and subcutaneous tissue, leading to vascular and hypertrophic alterations in adipose tissues and the consequent alteration of tissue structure. this paper describes the design of hydrogels and pluronic-lecithin organogels elaborated as vehicles of aloe vera (aloe vera linné) and hydrocotyle asiatica (centella asiatica) for the treatment of cellulite. the objective of this work was to carry out ...201020038351
two new triterpene glycosides from centella asiatica.phytochemical investigation of the leaves of centella asiatica resulted in the isolation and characterization of eight triterpenes and/or saponins [which were characterized as 23- o-acetylmadecassoside (1), asiatic acid (2), madecassic acid (3), asiaticoside c (4), asiaticoside f (5), asiaticoside (6), madecassoside (7), and 23- o-acetylasiaticoside b (8)] together with sitosterol 3-o-beta-glucoside ( 9), stigmasterol 3- o- beta-glucoside (10), and querectin-3- o-beta-d-glucuronide (11). a new u ...201020143295
contact dermatitis due to centella asiatica. 201020136880
evaluation of an onion extract, centella asiatica, and hyaluronic acid cream in the appearance of striae rubra.this study evaluated the effect of an onion extract cream with centella asiatica and hyaluronic acid in improving the appearance of striae rubra (sr). women participants with bilateral, outer aspect of the thigh sr were randomized to apply a quarter-sized amount of the onion extract cream twice daily for 12 weeks to the randomized left or right, outer aspect of the thigh. no treatment was administered to the contralateral side. participants were evaluated at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. primary effica ...201020527138
characterisation and immuno-stimulating activity of polysaccharides from thai medicinal plants.water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from the tubers of butea superba roxb. and pueraria candollei wall. ex benth. var. mirifica (shaw et suvat.) c. niyomdham, the leaves of centella asiatica (l.) urb, ocimum basilicum l., psidium guajava and andrographis paniculata (burn. f.) nees, the stems of cymbopogon citratus (stapf exg), and the fruits of psidium guajava and scaphium scaphigerum. the immunological impacts of the polysaccharides on t-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was investigate ...201020812129
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