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artemia salina as a new index for assessment of acute cytotoxicity during co-composting of sewage sludge and lignocellulose waste.considering the necessity to constantly monitor the safety of use of sewage sludge, we have focused on evaluating the toxicity of raw sludge and sludge treated by co-composting with date palm waste using an in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity based on artemia salina larvae as a simple new sensitive and reliable routine test. the efficiency of co-composting in decreasing sludge toxicity was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity abatement reaching 100% by the second month of composting for mixture a ...201626868843
insecticidal potency of rnai-based catalase knockdown in rhynchophorus ferrugineus (oliver) (coleoptera: curculionidae).palm trees around the world are prone to notorious rhynchophorus ferrugineus, which causes heavy losses of palm plantations. in middle eastern countries, this pest is a major threat to date palm orchards. conventional pest control measures with the major share of synthetic insecticides have resulted in insect resistance and environmental issues. therefore, in order to explore better alternatives, the rnai approach was employed to knock down the catalase gene in fifth and tenth larval instars wit ...201626822903
how far can the palm weevil, rhynchophorus vulneratus (coleoptera: curculionidae), fly?the palm weevil, rhynchophorus vulneratus, is native to southeast asia and was recovered from an infested canary islands date palm in laguna beach, california, usa, in 2010. the detection of this potentially destructive palm pest initiated a detection, containment, and eradication program that was reliant, in part, on the deployment of bucket traps loaded with aggregation pheromone and baited with fermenting fruit. a key question that pertained to the deployment of traps was “how far can r. vuln ...201626791820
metabolite profiling in 18 saudi date palm fruit cultivars and their antioxidant potential via uplc-qtof-ms and multivariate data analyses.date palm fruit (phoenix dactylifera) is not only one of the most economically significant plants in the middle east, but also valued for its nutritional impact, and for which development of analytical methods is ongoing to help distinguish its many cultivars. this study attempts to characterize the primary and secondary metabolite profiles of 18 date cultivars from saudi arabia. a total of 44 metabolites extracted from the fruit peel were evaluated in a uplc-qtof-ms based metabolomics analysis ...201626781334
'ajwa' dates (phoenix dactylifera l.) extract ameliorates isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy through downregulation of oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic molecules in rodent model.ajwa, a special variety of saudi arabian dates (phoenix dactylifera l.) is a rich source of nutrients, fibers and bioactive molecules. while previous studies have shown the therapeutic value of dates phytoconstituents in liver and kidney diseases etc., its cardioprotective potential remains elusive. we therefore, investigated the cardioprotective effect of lyophilized ajwa extract (ajle) ex vivo as well as in vivo.201626776662
nuclear phylogenomics of the palm subfamily arecoideae (arecaceae).palms (arecaceae) include economically important species such as coconut, date palm, and oil palm. resolution of the palm phylogeny has been problematic due to rapid diversification and slow rates of molecular evolution. the focus of this study is on relationships of the 14 tribes of subfamily arecoideae and their inferred ancestral areas. a targeted sequencing approach was used to generate a data set of 168 single/low copy nuclear genes for 34 species representing the arecoideae tribes and the ...201626748268
acoustic detection of rhynchophorus ferrugineus (coleoptera: dryophthoridae) and oryctes elegans (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in phoenix dactylifera (arecales: arecacae) trees and offshoots in saudi arabian orchards.rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier) (coleoptera: dryophthoridae) larvae are cryptic, internal tissue-feeding pests of palm trees that are difficult to detect; consequently, infestations may remain hidden until they are widespread in an orchard. infested trees and propagable offshoots that develop from axillary buds on the trunk frequently are transported inadvertently to previously uninfested areas. acoustic methods can be used for scouting and early detection of r. ferrugineus, but until now ha ...201626743218
optimization of medium composition for in vitro shoot proliferation and growth of date palm cv. mejhoul.the effects of major mineral salts, l-glutamine, myo-inositol and carbon source on shoot bud proliferation of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) cv. mejhoul were evaluated. different concentrations of ammonium nitrate (nh4no3; 550, 825 or 1650 mg/l), potassium nitrate (kno3; 633.3, 950 or 1900 mg/l), calcium chloride dehydrate (cacl2·2h2o; 147, 220 or 440 mg/l), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (kh2po4; 57, 85 or 170 mg/l), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (mgso4·7h2o; 123, 185 or 370 mg/l), l-gluta ...201628330181
development of molecular method for sex identification in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) plantlets using novel sex-linked microsatellite markers.microsatellite markers containing simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are a valuable tool for genetic analysis. date palm is a dioecious and slow flowering and is very difficult to identify the gender of the trees until it reaches the reproductive age (5-10 years). a total of 12 microsatellite primers were used with 30 date palm samples, 14 parents (8 male + 6 females) and 16 progeny (developed from parents breeding) which showed that microsatellites were highly polymorphic, having a great number of ...201628330092
in vivo evaluation of anti diabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidative activities of saudi date seed extract on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is major fruit of gulf region. in folk medicine; dates have been traditionally use. the date seed is used as hypoglycaemic, expectorant, tonic, aphrodisiac, antidiarrheic and mouth hygiene.201627134893
evolution of sex chromosomes prior to speciation in the dioecious phoenix species.understanding the driving forces and molecular processes underlying dioecy and sex chromosome evolution, leading from hermaphroditism to the occurrence of male and female individuals, is of considerable interest in fundamental and applied research. the genus phoenix, belonging to the arecaceae family, consists uniquely of dioecious species. phylogenetic data suggest that the genus phoenix has diverged from a hermaphroditic ancestor which is also shared with its closest relatives. we have investi ...201627118680
somatic embryogenesis of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) through cell suspension culture.date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) is the oldest and most economically important plant species distributed in the hot arid regions of the world. propagation of date palm by seeds produces heterogeneous offspring with inferior field performance and poor fruit quality. traditionally, date palm is propagated by offshoots, but this method is inefficient for mass propagation because of limited availability of offshoots. plant regeneration through tissue culture is able to provide technologies for the ...201627108330
in vitro effects of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) pollen on colonization of neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells.date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) pollen (dpp) is widely used as a folk remedy for male infertility treatment, and has well known medicinal effects.201627084457
phoenix dactylifera l. sap enhances wound healing in wistar rats: phytochemical and histological assessment.the sap of the date palm "lagmi" is a clear liquid, rich in sugars and minerals, with a pleasant flavour. folk remedies based on the use of "lagmi" for wound healing are still practiced. however, no studies investigated the relevance of "lagmi" for wound healing. therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the in vivo healing properties of "lagmi" on mechanically wounded wistar rats. injured rats were divided into three groups: a first group treated by "lagmi", a second reference group proc ...201627064088
mitochondrial dna variation among populations of rhynchophorus ferrugineus (coleoptera: curculionidae) from pakistan.the red palm weevil (rpw) rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier) is a voracious pest of palm species. in recent decades its range has expanded greatly, particularly impacting the date palm industry in the middle east. this has led to conjecture regarding the origins of invasive rpw populations. for example, in parts of the middle east, rpw is commonly referred to as the "pakistani weevil" in the belief that it originated there. we sought evidence to support or refute this belief. first reports of r ...201627651423
proteome analysis of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) under severe drought and salt stress.date palm cultivars differently tolerate salinity and drought stress. this study was carried out to study the response of date palm to severe salinity and drought based on leaf proteome analysis. eighteen-month-old date palm plants were subjected to severe salt (48 g/l nacl) and drought (82.5 g/l peg or no irrigation) conditions for one month. using a protein 2d electrophoresis method, 55 protein spots were analyzed using mass spectrometry. atp synthase cf1 alpha chains were significantly upregu ...201627840818
identification of reference genes for quantitative real-time pcr in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) subjected to drought and salinity.date palm is an important crop plant in the arid and semi-arid regions supporting human population in the middle east and north africa. these areas have been largely affected by drought and salinity due to insufficient rainfall and improper irrigation practices. date palm is a relatively salt- and drought-tolerant plant and more recently efforts have been directed to identifying genes and pathways that confer stress tolerance in this species. quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) is a promising tech ...201627824922
effect of red and blue light emitting diodes "crb-led" on in vitro organogenesis of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) cv. alshakr.the objective of the present study is to determine the effect of light source on enhancement of shoot multiplication, phytochemicals, as well as, antioxidant enzyme activities of in vitro cultures of date palm cv. alshakr. in vitro-grown buds were cultured on murashige and skoog (ms) medium and incubated under a conventional white fluorescent light (control), and combinations of red + blue light emitting diode (18:2) (crb-led). results revealed that the treatment of crb-led showed a significant ...201627562594
cultivar-level phylogeny using chloroplast dna barcode psbk-psbi spacers for identification of emirati date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) varieties.the efficacy of genetic material for use as dna barcodes is under constant evaluation and improvement as new barcodes offering better resolution and efficiency of amplification for specific species groups are identified. in this study, the chloroplast intergenic spacer psbk-psbi was evaluated for the first time as a dna barcode for distinguishing date palm cultivars. nucleotide sequences were aligned using mega 6.0 to calculate pairwise divergence among the cultivars. the analyzed data illustrat ...201627525916
soil salinisation and irrigation management of date palms in a saharan environment.the continuance of agricultural production in regions of the world with chronic water shortages depends upon understanding how soil salinity is impacted by irrigation practises such as water salinity, irrigation frequency and amount of irrigation. a two-year field study was conducted in a saharan oasis of tunisia (lazala oasis) to determine how the soil electrical conductivity was affected by irrigation of date palms with high saline water. the study area lacked a saline shallow water table. fie ...201627476071
ajwa date (phoenix dactylifera l.) extract inhibits human breast adenocarcinoma (mcf7) cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.phoenix dactylifera l (date palm) is a native plant of the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) and other middle eastern countries. ajwa date has been described in the traditional and alternative medicine to provide several health benefits including anticholesteremic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects, but most remains to be scientifically validated. herein, we evaluated the anticancer effects of the methanolic extract of ajwa date (mead) on human breast adenocarcinoma (mcf7) cells i ...201627441372
genic and intergenic ssr database generation, snps determination and pathway annotations, in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.).the present investigation was carried out aiming to use the bioinformatics tools in order to identify and characterize, simple sequence repeats within the third version of the date palm genome and develop a new ssr primers database. in addition single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) that are located within the ssr flanking regions were recognized. moreover, the pathways for the sequences assigned by ssr primers, the biological functions and gene interaction were determined. a total of 172,075 ss ...201627434138
palm weevil pheromones - discovery and use.male-produced aggregation pheromones of seven major pest species of weevils in the subfamily rhynchophorinae have been identified as a closely related set of methyl-branched secondary alcohols. although the weevils produce only one stereoisomer of these alcohols, no instances of isomeric inhibition have been observed, enabling stereoisomeric mixtures to be used in traps. addition of fermenting plant material to traps synergizes attraction of weevils to the pheromones. the weevils are large, have ...201627430563
molecular identification of sex in phoenix dactylifera using inter simple sequence repeat markers.early sex identification of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) at seedling stage is an economically desirable objective, which will significantly increase the profits of seed based cultivation. the utilization of molecular markers at this stage for early and rapid identification of sex is important due to the lack of morphological markers. in this study, a total of two hundred inter simple sequence repeat (issr) primers were screened among male and female date palm plants to identify putative se ...201627419132
natural history of javeta pallida baly, 1858 on phoenix palms in india (chrysomelidae, cassidinae, coelaenomenoderini).members of the old world hispine tribe, coelaenomenoderini, are documented on host plants of arecaceae, cyperaceae, and zingiberales. a few species are renowned pests of oil palm, especially in africa. the host plants and natural history of javeta pallida baly, 1858, the only indian species of the tribe, is reported for the first time. these beetles can densely infest indigenous wild date palms, phoenix sylvestris (l.) roxb. (arecaceae), and also use the introduced date palm, phoenix dactylifera ...201627408585
execution of strands thinning improves the phytochemicals and sugars profiling in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit.date fruit is a rich and quick source of phytochemicals and sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) which playing a vital role to nourish the human beings worldwide. the present study therefore, was conducted to explore the role of strands thinning on phytochemicals and sugars profiling in date palm (cvs. hillawi and khadrawi). the experiment was comprised of different strand thinning treatments viz. @ 20% rcs (removal of central strands), 30% rcs, 20% stt (shortening of terminal tips), 30% stt, 20% ...201627393433
biochemical, transcriptional, and bioinformatic analysis of lipid droplets from seeds of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) and their use as potent sequestration agents against the toxic pollutant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin.contamination of aquatic environments with dioxins, the most toxic group of persistent organic pollutants (pops), is a major ecological issue. dioxins are highly lipophilic and bioaccumulate in fatty tissues of marine organisms used for seafood where they constitute a potential risk for human health. lipid droplets (lds) purified from date palm, phoenix dactylifera, seeds were characterized and their capacity to extract dioxins from aquatic systems was assessed. the bioaffinity of date palm lds ...201627375673
date syrup-derived polyphenols attenuate angiogenic responses and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endothelial cells.bioactive components such as polyphenols, present in many plants, are purported to have anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. date syrup, produced from date fruit of the date palm tree, has traditionally been used to treat a wide range of diseases with etiologies involving angiogenesis and inflammation. it was hypothesized that polyphenols in date syrup reduce angiogenic responses such as cell migration, tube formation, and matrix metalloproteinase activity in an inflammatory model by ...201627333954
corrigendum to "macroporous natural capsules extracted from phoenix dactylifera l. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery" [int. j. pharm. 504 (2016) 39-47]. 201627282433
identification and biotransformation of aliphatic hydrocarbons during co-composting of sewage sludge-date palm waste using pyrolysis-gc/ms technique.the behavior of aliphatic hydrocarbons during co-composting of sewage sludge activated with palm tree waste was studied for 6 months using py-gc/ms. the main aliphatic compounds represented as doublet alkenes/alkanes can be classified into three groups. the first group consists of 11 alkenes (undecene, tridecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, nonadecene, eicosene, uncosene, docosene, tricosene) and 15 alkanes (heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tetradecane, ...201627197656
dietary supplementation of phoenix dactylifera seeds enhances performance, immune response, and antioxidant status in broilers.the date palm (phoenix dactylifera) seeds were utilized in some traditional medical remedies and have been investigated for their possible health benefits. this proposed study wanted to assess the effect of date palm seeds (dps) dietary supplementation in comparison to mannan-oligosaccharides (bio-mos®) and β-glucan over antioxidant and immunity events that have effect on growth and carcass performances of broilers. an aggregate of 180, one-day-old, chicks were raised in the wire-floored cages a ...201628127417
discrimination and nitric oxide inhibitory activity correlation of ajwa dates from different grades and origin.this study was aimed at examining the variations in the metabolite constituents of the different ajwa grades and farm origins. it is also targeted at establishing the correlations between the metabolite contents and the grades and further to the nitric oxide (no) inhibitory activity. identification of the metabolites was generated using ¹h-nmr spectroscopy metabolomics analyses utilizing multivariate methods. the no inhibitory activity was determined using a griess assay. multivariate data analy ...201627801841
comparative study of neuropharmacological, analgesic properties and phenolic profile of ajwah, safawy and sukkari cultivars of date palm (phoenix dactylifera).in addition to the rich nutritional value, date palm is also used in various ethnobotanical practices for the treatment of various disease conditions. present investigation was undertaken to examine the neuropharmacological and antinociceptive effect of the ethanol extract of three date cultivars growing in saudi arabia, namely ajwah, safawy and sukkari. neuropharmacological effect was observed by pentobarbitone induced sleeping time, open field, and hole board test. antinociceptive activity was ...201627746708
chemical characterisation and the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antibacterial properties of date fruit (phoenix dactylifera l.).date fruit, phoenix dactylifera l. has traditionally been used as a medicine in many cultures for the treatment of a range of ailments such as stomach and intestinal disorders, fever, oedema, bronchitis and wound healing.201627729284
analysis of natural and anthropogenic radionuclide content in palm date fruit of the united arab emirates: a baseline study.the purpose of this study is to contribute to a wider effort of establishing an environmental radiation baseline for the united arab emirates (uae) before the startup of the country's first nuclear reactor in 2017. an investigation of gamma-emitting radionuclide concentrations in palm dates grown in the uae was performed. palm date samples of 10 varieties originating from several local commercial date palm farms of the uae were collected and analyzed. the study targeted the naturally occurring r ...201627682905
evaluation of anti-diabetic and anti-tumoral activities of bioactive compounds from phoenix dactylifera l's leaf: in vitro and in vivo approach.among various chronic disorders, cancer and diabetes mellitus are the most common disorders. this study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydroalcoholic extract of phoenix dactylifera l. leaves (hepdl) in animal models of type ii diabetes in vitro/in vivo and in a human melanoma-derived cell line (igr-39). a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) analysis was also performed to determine the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in this plant. the physicochemic ...201627668542
phoenix dactylifera mediated green synthesis of cu2o particles for arsenite uptake from water.in this study, an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and single-step procedure is used for the synthesis of polycrystalline cu2o particles with controlled morphologies. simple sugars are extracted from date fruit pulp (phoenix dactylifera) and used as a reducing agent for the formation of cu2o particles in aqueous medium. the feasibility of this solution is compared with the standard glucose solution. the cu2o particles are characterized by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, optical ...201627933116
date (phoenix dactylifera) polyphenolics and other bioactive compounds: a traditional islamic remedy's potential in prevention of cell damage, cancer therapeutics and beyond.this review analyzes current studies of the therapeutic effects of phoenix dactylifera, or date palm fruit, on the physiologic system. specifically, we sought to summarize the effects of its application in preventing cell damage, improving cancer therapeutics and reducing damage caused by conventional chemotherapy. phoenix dactylifera exhibits potent anti-oxidative properties both in vitro and in vivo. this allows the fruit to prevent depletion of intrinsic protection from oxidative cell damage ...201526694370
antinociceptive effect of palm date spathe hydroalcoholic extract on acute and chronic pain in mice as compared with analgesic effect of morphine and diclofenac.in persian traditional medicine, palm date spathe (pds) is introduced as an analgesic. therefore, this study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of pds on acute and chronic pain in mice in comparison with diclofenac and morphine.201526693469
metabolomics of dates (phoenix dactylifera) reveals a highly dynamic ripening process accounting for major variation in fruit composition.dates are tropical fruits with appreciable nutritional value. previous attempts at global metabolic characterization of the date metabolome were constrained by small sample size and limited geographical sampling. in this study, two independent large cohorts of mature dates exhibiting substantial diversity in origin, varieties and fruit processing conditions were measured by metabolomics techniques in order to identify major determinants of the fruit metabolome.201526674306
would phoenix dactyflera pollen (palm seed) be considered as a treatment agent against males' infertility? a systematic review.oxidative stress is a key factor involved in male infertility, which is due to an unnatural increase in environmental free radicals. in the majority of cases, this has a negative effect on a male's ability to impregnate a female. currently, it is believed that spermatozoa can be protected against the damages induced by oxidative stress by saturating sperm with antioxidants. the antioxidant role of phoenix dactylifera pollen is capable of collecting the reactive oxygen and neutralizing it in and ...201526816585
effect of phoenix dactyliferia (date palm) pit powder on nicotine induced spermatotoxicty in adult albino mice.to study the effect of phoenix dactyliferia pit powder on nicotine-induced spermatotoxicty in adult albino mice.201525831673
date canning: a new approach for the long time preservation of date.dramatic growth in date (phoenix dactylifera l.) production, makes it clear to apply proper methods to preserve this nutritious fruit for a long time. numerous methods have been used to gain this goal in recent years that can be classified into non-thermal (fumigation, ozonation, irradiation, and packaging) and thermal (heat treatment, cold storage, dehydration, jam etc.) processing methods. in this paper these methods were reviewed and novel methods for date preservation were presented.201525829568
bio-based polyurethane reinforced with cellulose nanofibers: a comprehensive investigation on the effect of interface.novel bio-based polyurethane (pu) nanocomposites composed of cellulose nanofiller extracted from the rachis of date palm tree and polycaprolactone (pcl) diol based pu were prepared by casting/evaporation. two types of nanofiber were used: cellulose nanofibrils (cnfs) and cellulose nanocrystals (cncs). the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposite films were studied by dma, dsc, and tensile tests and the morphology was investigated by sem. bionanocomposites presented good mechanical ...201525817660
antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties of phenolic acid and flavonol fractions of fruits of 'amari' and 'hallawi' date (phoenix dactylifera l.) varieties.date (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit phenolic-acid or flavonol fractions were examined in vitro for antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties. two fractions of each subgroup were prepared from two date varieties, 'amari' and 'hallawi', by solid phase extraction on c18. the fractions were analyzed for phenolics composition by rp-hplc and tested for ferric-reducing antioxidant power, free radical scavenging capacity, inhibition of cu(2+)-induced ldl oxidation, and enhancement of hdl-mediated chole ...201525765921
study of phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of date fruit as a function of ripening stages and drying process.edible parts of two varieties of date palm (mazfati and kalute varieties) (phoenix dactylifera) fruits (dpf) from iran were analyzed to determine their phenolic compound and antioxidant activities (aa). antioxidant activity evaluated using typical methods such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), reducing power and total antioxidant method. the total phenolic content (tpc) of the dpf was measured using folin-ciocalteau method. the samples used in this study included samples were gathered at ...201525745262
a simplified protocol to induce callogenesis in protoplasts of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) cultivars.in algeria, date palm is currently confronted to the bayoud disease. biotechnological tools such as protoplastsfusion can appear as an alternative to ensure rapid multiplication and improvement of this species.201528959278
effect of date (phoenix dactylifera l.) seed extract on stability of olive oil.in this study, the antioxidant effect of date (phoenix dactylifera l., arecaceae) seed extracts at different concentrations (0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 %) on the oxidative stability of olive oil at 60 °c was determined. butylated hydroxyanisole (bha) was used as positive control in the experiment. all extracts exhibited antioxidant activity compared to bha up to 21 days. when antioxidant effect of extract concentrations were compared with bha, the effect of 0.5 % extract concentration was more remarka ...201525694743
profiling microrna expression during multi-staged date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit development.micrornas (mirnas) play crucial roles in multiple stages of plant development and regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional and translational levels. in this study, we first identified 238 conserved mirnas in date palm (phoenix dactylifera) based on a high-quality genome assembly and defined 78 fruit-development-associated (fda) mirnas, whose expression profiles are variable at different fruit development stages. using experimental data, we subsequently detected 276 novel p. dactylifera-sp ...201525638647
determination of sucrose in date fruits (phoenix dactylifera l.) growing in the sultanate of oman by nir spectroscopy and multivariate calibration.a near infrared (nir) spectroscopic method combined with multivariate calibration was developed for the determination of the amount of sucrose in date fruits growing in the sultanate of oman. in this study two groups of samples were used: one group of 48 sucrose standard solutions in the concentration range from 0.01% to 50% (w/v) and another group of 54 date fruit samples of 18 different varieties. the sucrose standard samples were split in two sets, i.e. one training set of 31 samples and one ...201526048559
salt tolerance research in date palm tree (phoenix dactylifera l.), past, present, and future perspectives.the date palm can adapt to extreme drought, to heat, and to relatively high levels of soil salinity. however, excessive amounts of salt due to irrigation with brackish water lead to a significant reduction in the productivity of the fruits as well as marked decrease in the viable numbers of the date palm trees. it is imperative that the nature of the existing salt-adaptation mechanism be understood in order to develop future date palm varieties that can tolerate excessive soil salinity. in this ...201526042137
tunisian date (phoenix dactylifera l.) by-products: characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts.three tunisian date varieties, deglet nour, kentichi and allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. sensory and color evaluation data revealed that incorporating deglet nour and kentichi s ...201526041157
oasis desert farming selects environment-specific date palm root endophytic communities and cultivable bacteria that promote resistance to drought.oases are desert-farming agro-ecosystems, where date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) plays a keystone role in offsetting the effects of drought and maintaining a suitable microclimate for agriculture. at present, abundance, diversity and plant growth promotion (pgp) of date palm root-associated bacteria remain unknown. considering the environmental pressure determined by the water scarcity in the desert environments, we hypothesized that bacteria associated with date palm roots improve plant resis ...201526033617
production of date palm fruits free of acaricides residues by ozone technology as post-harvest treatment.distilled water and ozonated water as postharvest wash treatments for 15-60 min as dipping times were tested to remove two acaricides namely, dicofol and amitraz from different varieties of date fruits. recovered amount of the acaricides was extracted using solid phase extraction (spe) and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). dicofol removal percentages in the presence of ozone increased in the order of nabtet aly > nabout seif > khalas > sakay, while amitraz removal in ...201526028713
impact of palm date consumption on microbiota growth and large intestinal health: a randomised, controlled, cross-over, human intervention study.the reported inverse association between the intake of plant-based foods and a reduction in the prevalence of colorectal cancer may be partly mediated by interactions between insoluble fibre and (poly)phenols and the intestinal microbiota. in the present study, we assessed the impact of palm date consumption, rich in both polyphenols and fibre, on the growth of colonic microbiota and markers of colon cancer risk in a randomised, controlled, cross-over human intervention study. a total of twenty- ...201526428278
a genome-wide identification of the mirnaome in response to salinity stress in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.).although date palm is relatively salt-tolerant, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to its salt tolerance. only recently, investigators have uncovered microrna-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation, which is critical for typical plant development and adaptation to stress conditions such as salinity. to identify conserved and novel mirnas in date palm and to characterize mirnas that could play a role in salt tolerance, we have generated srna libraries ...201526594218
therapeutic potential of date palm pollen for testicular dysfunction induced by thyroid disorders in male rats.hyper- or hypothyroidism can impair testicular function leading to infertility. the present study was designed to examine the protective effect of date palm pollen (dpp) extract on thyroid disorder-induced testicular dysfunction. rats were divided into six groups. group i was normal control. group ii received oral dpp extract (150 mg kg(-1)), group iii (hyperthyroid group) received intraperitoneal injection of l-thyroxine (l-t4, 300 μg kg(-1); i.p.), group iv received l-t4 plus dpp extract, grou ...201526425844
comparative efficacy of co2 and ozone gases against ephestia cautella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae under different temperature regimes.comparative efficacy of three different modified atmospheres: 100% co2, 75% co2 + 25% n2, and 22 ppm ozone were examined against larval mortality of the almond moth, ephestia cautella (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) at temperature regimes of 25°c and 35 ± 2°c and 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and 9:15 dark and light. wandering young larval instars, which are fast growing, large enough in size and considered as more tolerant to modified atmosphere, were collected directly from the rearing culture, ...201526382044
genetic structure of the date palm (phoenix dactylifera) in the old world reveals a strong differentiation between eastern and western populations.since the publication of this paper, it has become apparent that an error was made in the legend to fig. 3 and the colours referring to occidental and oriental are the wrong way round. the authors apologise for this error, and a correct version of the legend to fig. 3 is given below.201526378059
proline accumulation is a general response to abiotic stress in the date palm tree (phoenix dactylifera l.).plants exposed to certain abiotic stress conditions tend to produce the amino acid proline, which acts as an active osmolyte, a metal chelator, an antioxidant, and a signaling molecule. there is increasing evidence that proline accumulates in plants due to a wide range of abiotic stress, in particular high soil salinity and drought. therefore, proline content is often used as a marker-assisted breeding tool aimed at improving drought and salinity tolerance. in this study, it was investigated whe ...201526345930
do skin prick test and in vitro techniques diagnose sensitization to peach lipid transfer protein and profilin equally well in allergy to plant food and pollen?to compare the skin prick test (spt) with in vitro techniques (single and multiplex fluorescence enzyme-immunoassay [feia]) for detecting sensitization to profilin and lipid transfer protein (ltp).201526310043
identification of proteins modulated in the date palm stem infested with red palm weevil (rhynchophorus ferrugineus oliv.) using two dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.a state of the art proteomic methodology using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (maldi tof) has been employed to characterize peptides modulated in the date palm stem subsequent to infestation with red palm weevil (rpw). our analyses revealed 32 differentially expressed peptides associated with rpw infestation in date palm stem. to identify rpw infestation associated peptides (i), artificially wounded plants (w) were used as additional control beside uninfested plants, ...201526287180
feasibility study of date (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit syrup-based natural jelly using central composite design.a feasibility study of natural fruit jelly from three algerian raw materials, namely date (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit syrup and suspension of orange albedo powder (oap) in lemon juice (lj) was performed by response surface methodology (rsm) based on central composite design (ccd). the textural properties of the final jelly were investigated through two dependent variables: hardness and stickiness. the cooking temperature (x1), corresponding to that of thermo stated oil bath, and cooking time ...201526243917
metabolic analysis of various date palm fruit (phoenix dactylifera l.) cultivars from saudi arabia to assess their nutritional quality.date palm is an important crop, especially in the hot-arid regions of the world. date palm fruits have high nutritional and therapeutic value and possess significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. in this study, we performed bioactivity analyses and metabolic profiling of date fruits of 12 cultivars from saudi arabia to assess their nutritional value. our results showed that the date extracts from different cultivars have different free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation ac ...201526225946
variations in hormones and antioxidant status in relation to flowering in early, mid, and late varieties of date palm (phoenix dactylifera) of united arab emirates.the present study was carried out to assess the status of various hormones responsible for the flower induction of nagal, lulu, and khalas date palm varieties in uae. the nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds and the antioxidant enzymatic activities at preflowering, flowering, and postflowering stages of the date palm varieties were quantified. the aba and zeatin concentrations were found to be significantly higher during the preflowering stage but gradually decreased during the flowering period an ...201526167536
proteome analysis for understanding abiotic stress (salinity and drought) tolerance in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.).this study was carried out to study the proteome of date palm under salinity and drought stress conditions to possibly identify proteins involved in stress tolerance. for this purpose, three-month-old seedlings of date palm cultivar "sagie" were subjected to drought (27.5 g/l polyethylene glycol 6000) and salinity stress conditions (16 g/l nacl) for one month. dige analysis of protein extracts identified 47 differentially expressed proteins in leaves of salt- and drought-treated palm seedlings. ...201526167472
in vitro response of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) to k/na ratio under saline conditions.salinity is a serious factor limiting the productivity of agricultural plants. one of the potential problems for plants growing under saline conditions is the inability to up take enough k(+). the addition of k(+) may considerably improve the salt tolerance of plants grown under salinity. it is assumed that increasing the k(+) supply at the root zone can ameliorate the reduction in growth imposed by high salinity. the present study aims to determine whether an increase in the k/na ratio in the e ...201526558511
whole genome re-sequencing of date palms yields insights into diversification of a fruit tree crop.date palms (phoenix dactylifera) are the most significant perennial crop in arid regions of the middle east and north africa. here, we present a comprehensive catalogue of approximately seven million single nucleotide polymorphisms in date palms based on whole genome re-sequencing of a collection of 62 cultivars. population structure analysis indicates a major genetic divide between north africa and the middle east/south asian date palms, with evidence of admixture in cultivars from egypt and su ...201526549859
in silico characterization and molecular modeling of double-strand break repair protein mre11 from phoenix dactylifera v deglet nour.dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) are highly cytotoxic and mutagenic. mre11 plays an essential role in repairing dna by cleaving broken ends through its 3' to 5' exonuclease and single-stranded dna endonuclease activities.201526541955
prevalence and clinical relevance of ige sensitization to profilin in childhood: a multicenter study.little is known about the prevalence and clinical relevance of hypersensitivity to the plant panallergen profilin in children.201526528861
effect of palm pollen on sperm parameters of infertile man.there is a rapidly growing trend in the consumption of herbal remedies in the developing countries. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of orally administered date palm pollen (dpp) on the results of semen analysis in adult infertile men. forty infertile men participated in our study. they were treated by pollen powder 120 mg kg(-1) in gelatinous capsules every other day, for two months. before and at the end of therapy, the semen was collected after masturbation and sperm numbers ...201526506651
how far can the red palm weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) fly?: computerized flight mill studies with field-captured weevils.adult rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier) captured in pheromone-baited traps in commercial date palm orchards in the al ahsaa directorate, kingdom of saudi arabia, were used in computerized flight mill studies to determine the flight characteristics of this highly invasive and destructive palm pest. flight mill studies were run at three different time periods, winter (december), spring (march), and summer (may). of the 192 weevils tethered to flight mills ∼30% failed to fly > 1 km. of those weev ...201526470385
influence of different drying treatments and extraction solvents on the metabolite profile and nitric oxide inhibitory activity of ajwa dates.this study aimed to examine the variation in the metabolite profiles and nitric oxide (no) inhibitory activity of ajwa dates that were subjected to 2 drying treatments and different extraction solvents. (1)h nmr coupled with multivariate data analysis was employed. a griess assay was used to determine the inhibition of the production of no in raw 264.7 cells treated with lps and interferon-γ. the oven dried (od) samples demonstrated the absence of asparagine and ascorbic acid as compared to the ...201526457883
phoenix dactylifera seeds ameliorate early diabetic complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.in arabic folk medicine, the seeds of phoenix dactylifera l. (arecaceae) have been used to manage diabetes for many years. few studies have reported the antidiabetic effect of p. dactylifera seeds; however, their effect on diabetic complications is still unexplored.201525612778
modeling the effects of climate on date palm scale (parlatoria blanchardi) population dynamics during different phenological stages of life history under hot arid conditions.the date palm scale (dps) parlatoria blanchardi is a serious pest due to the damage it inflicts on its host tree (phoenix dactylifera). to develop an effective control against dps in arid regions, it is essential to know its bio-ecology including population dynamics and climatic factors influencing the duration and timing of life history and also the densities of different phenological stages (crawlers, first and second instars nymphs, adult males, and adult females). monitoring of biological cy ...201525601782
proanthocyanidin-rich date seed extract protects against chemically induced hepatorenal toxicity.a hydroacetone extract was prepared from seeds of phoenix dactylifera l. var. khalas, which is an industrial by-product of date processing. the proanthocyanidin nature of the extract (coded as dtx) was characterized by phytochemical and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) analyses. the total phenol/proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant activity of dtx were estimated by folin-ciocalteu, vanillin-sulfuric acid, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) assays, respectively. the hepatorenal protecti ...201525569813
antioxidant potential of date (phoenix dactylifera l.) seed protein hydrolysates and carnosine in food and biological systems.date seed protein hydrolysates were evaluated for antioxidant activity as well as solubility and water-holding capacity in food and biological model systems. date seed protein hydrolysates as well as carnosine exhibited >80% of solubility over a ph range of 2-12. the hydrolysates and carnosine at 0.5% (w/w) were also found to be effective in enhancing water-holding capacity and cooking yield in a fish model system, which was nearly similar to sodium tripolyphosphate (stpp; 0.3%, w/w). incorporat ...201525553507
a genome-wide survey of date palm cultivars supports two major subpopulations in phoenix dactylifera.the date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) is one of the oldest cultivated trees and is intimately tied to the history of human civilization. there are hundreds of commercial cultivars with distinct fruit shapes, colors, and sizes growing mainly in arid lands from the west of north africa to india. the origin of date palm domestication is still uncertain, and few studies have attempted to document genetic diversity across multiple regions. we conducted genotyping-by-sequencing on 70 female cultivar ...201525957276
physico-chemical properties of biodiesel manufactured from waste frying oil using domestic adsorbents.we have evaluated the efficiency of sugar cane bagasse ash (scba), date palm seed carbon (dpsc), and rice husk ash (rha) as natural adsorbents and compared them with the synthetic adsorbent magnesol xl for improving the quality of waste frying oil (wfo) and for the impact on the physicochemical properties of the obtained biodiesel. we measured moisture content, refractive index (ri), density, acid value (av), iodine value (iv), peroxide value (pv), and saponification value (sv), as well as fatty ...201527877789
identification of the aggregation pheromone of the date palm root borer oryctes agamemnon.laboratory and field investigations aimed to characterize the chemical communication system of the date palm pest oryctes agamemnon. live males or extracts of male effluvia attracted conspecifics in an olfactometer, whereas female effluvia attracted only males. volatile emissions from adults feeding on sugarcane were sampled and analysed by gas chromatography (gc) and gc/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). males emitted a blend of 1) ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, 2) 4-methyloctanoic acid, 3) 4-methyloctanyl a ...201525900246
physico-chemical characteristics of oil produced from seeds of some date palm cultivars (phoenix dactylifera l.) .the oil content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with some physico-chemical properties and nutrients were investigated in oil produced from seeds of six important date palm cultivars and one seed strain present in saudi arabia. the results indicated that the oil extracted from six seed cultivars of date palm ranged from 6.73-10.89% w/w oil. the refractive index of date seeds oil was found to be between 1.4574 to 1.4615. the iodine values, acid values and saponification values were in the ...201525895270
genetic diversity of qatari date palm using ssr markers.the genetic diversity in the date palm germplasm of 59 female accessions representing 12 cultivars from different locations in qatar was investigated using 14 loci of simple-sequence repeat (ssr) primers. a total of 94 alleles, with a mean of 6.7 alleles per locus, were scored. the number of alleles per locus varied from 3 (primer mpdcir090) to 11 (primers mpdcir010 and mpdcir015). the amplified ssr band sizes ranged from 104 to 330 bp. the mean gene diversity was 0.66 and ranged from 0.39 (locu ...201525867305
direct in vivo evidence of immense stem water exploitation in irrigated date palms.during the summer, evaporative demand at midday often exceeds the transport capacity of most desert plants. however, date palms maintain their ecological dominance with sustained and uniquely high rates of transpiration. this high rate of flow cannot be attributed to soil water supply alone. in order to quantify intra-plant water allocation in irrigated date palms, three water-sensing techniques have been incorporated: heat dissipation, gravimetric sampling, and time domain reflectrometry. each ...201525336690
effect of dietary supplementation of dates in alzheimer's disease appsw/2576 transgenic mice on oxidative stress and antioxidant status.oxidative stress may play a key role in alzheimer's disease (ad) neuropathology. changes in the oxidative stress, antioxidants, and membrane-bound enzymes were investigated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of ad transgenic mice model after long-term dietary supplementation of date palm fruits from oman. the 4-month-old mice with double swedish app mutation (appsw/tg2576) were purchased from taconic farm, ny, usa; mice were fed two different doses of dates (such as 4 and 2%) or control diet ...201524954036
correlation between mechanical properties with specific wear rate and the coefficient of friction of graphite/epoxy composites.the correlation between the mechanical properties of fillers/epoxy composites and their tribological behavior was investigated. tensile, hardness, wear, and friction tests were conducted for neat epoxy (ne), graphite/epoxy composites (ge), and data palm fiber/epoxy with or without graphite composites (gfe and fe). the correlation was made between the tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity, elongation at the break, and the hardness, as an individual or a combined factor, with the specific we ...201528793431
genetic structure of the date palm (phoenix dactylifera) in the old world reveals a strong differentiation between eastern and western populations.date palms (phoenix dactylifera, arecaceae) are of great economic and ecological value to the oasis agriculture of arid and semi-arid areas. however, despite the availability of a large date palm germplasm spreading from the atlantic shores to southern asia, improvement of the species is being hampered by a lack of information on global genetic diversity and population structure. in order to contribute to the varietal improvement of date palms and to provide new insights on the influence of geog ...201526113618
evolution of the incidence of pollen grains and sensitivity to pollen in the city of elche (spain).environment-mediated pollen production varies over time and space, influencing pollen exposure risk and ultimately patient sensitization trends. in order to assess temporal variation of pollen incidence and patient sensitization, we set up a pollen incidence and patient sensitization survey in the city of elche, spain, over a 10-years interval.201526342116
african palm ethno-medicine.this study is the first to demonstrate the breadth and patterns of the medicinal applications of african palms. it sheds light on species with the potential to provide new therapeutic agents for use in biomedicine; and links the gap between traditional use of palms and pharmacological evaluation for the beneficial effects of palm products on human health. last but not least, the study provides recommendations for the areas that should be targeted in future ethno-botanical surveys.201525749399
effects of date palm fruit extracts on skin mucosal immunity, immune related genes expression and growth performance of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry.the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of date palm fruit extracts (dpfe) on skin mucosal immunity, immune related genes expression and growth performance of fry common carp (cyprinus carpio). one hundred and twenty specimens (4.06 ± 0.13 g) were supplied and allocated into six aquaria; specimens in three aquaria were fed non-supplemented diet (control) while the fish in the other 3 aquaria were fed with dpfe at 200 ml kg(-1). at the end of feeding trial (8 weeks) skin mucus immune ...201526439417
in vitro cytotoxicity effects of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) pollen on neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells.there is a fast growing tendency in the use of herbal remedies in developing countries. one of the traditional medicines used for male infertility treatment is date palm (phoenix dactylifera) pollen (dpp). isolated spermatogonial stem cells and sertoli cells using enzymatic digestion were grown in dulbecco's modified eagle's medium supplemented with 4% foetal bovine serum in the absence or presence of 0.06, 0.25 and 0.62 mg/ml concentrations of aqueous extract of dpp for 2 weeks. the assessment ...201525189835
plant species introduced by foreigners according to folk tradition in norway and some other european countries: xenophobic tales or not?in their quest to understand and interpret nature, people have frequently sought religious or divine origins for plant species and their characteristics. less often, historical events or persons are involved. this study comprises eleven cases of the latter kind, all claiming that plant species have been introduced by foreigners or at least from foreign lands.201526438411
ethyl formate fumigation of dry and semidry date fruits: experimental kinetics, modeling, and lethal effect on carob moth.ethyl formate (ef) was studied as a fumigant agent with the objective to replace methyl bromide (mb) for date fruit disinfestations. date fruits phoenix dactylifera 'deglet nour' with different initial moisture content (16% for dry dates, 20% for semidry dates, and a mixture of the two types) were separately fumigated with ef at different concentrations: 28.6, 57.3, 85.9, and 114.6 g/m3 for 2 h. experimental data of ef sorption during fumigation was successfully fitted to peleg's model. this mod ...201526470221
evaluation of bunch protectors for preventing insect infestation and preserving yield and fruit quality of dates, phoenix dactylifera l.in experiments comparing conventional date paper wraps with polyester mesh bags, date bunches enclosed in polyester mesh bags had lower insect infestations than dates covered by paper wraps. carob moth, ectomyelois ceratoniae (zeller), infestations of marketable fruit were significantly lower for mesh bags (0.6-3.1%) compared with paper wraps (8.5-15.5%). other fruit pests [raisin moth, cadra figulilella (gregson), and beetles in the family nitidulidae] were less common than carob moth, and infe ...201526470176
the date palm tree rhizosphere is a niche for plant growth promoting bacteria in the oasis ecosystem.in arid ecosystems environmental factors such as geoclimatic conditions and agricultural practices are of major importance in shaping the diversity and functionality of plant-associated bacterial communities. assessing the influence of such factors is a key to understand (i) the driving forces determining the shape of root-associated bacterial communities and (ii) the plant growth promoting (pgp) services they provide. desert oasis environment was chosen as model ecosystem where agriculture is p ...201525866759
hydrothermal pretreatment of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) leaflets and rachis to enhance enzymatic digestibility and bioethanol potential.date palm residues are one of the most promising lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production in the middle east. in this study, leaflets and rachis were subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of the biomass for enzymatic conversion. evident morphological, structural, and chemical changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy after pretreatment. high glucan (>90% for both leaflets and rachis) and xylan (>75% ...201526347878
diversity and phylogenetic analysis of endosymbiotic bacteria of the date palm root borer oryctes agamemnon (coleoptera: scarabaeidae).the date palm root borer oryctes agamemnon (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) is one of the major pests of palms. in saudi arabia, both larvae and adults of oryctes are particularly troublesome, especially during the establishment of young date palm orchards. endosymbiotic bacteria are known to have a key role in food digestion and insecticide resistance mechanisms, and therefore are essential to their host insect. identification of these bacteria in their insect host can lead to development of new inse ...201525899000
phoenix dactylifera (date palm) pit aqueous extract mediated novel route for synthesis high stable silver nanoparticles with high antifungal and antibacterial activity.the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) was conducted using date palm pit aqueous extract. the first visible sign of the synthesis of agnps was the change in colour of reaction mixtures from yellowish to reddish brown. the resulting synthesised agnps were characterised using uv-visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and dynamic light scattering (dls). the uv-visible spectra gave surface plasmon resonance at 428 nm. xrd confirmed tha ...201526224347
inhibitory effect of double atmospheric pressure argon cold plasma on spores and mycotoxin production of aspergillus niger contaminating date palm fruits.aspergillus niger has been reported as a potentially dangerous pathogen of date-palm fruits in saudi arabia due to the production of fumonisin b2 (fb2 ) and ochratoxin a (ota). in a trial to disinfect this product, a double atmospheric pressure argon cold plasma (dapacp) jet system was set up and evaluated against spore germination and mycotoxin production of the pathogen.201525557283
enzymatic activities in different strains isolated from healthy and brittle leaf disease affected date palm leaves: study of amylase production conditions.the present study aimed to investigate and compare the enzymatic production of endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy and brittle leaf disease affected date palm leaves (pectinase, cellulase, lipase, and amylase). the findings revealed that the enzymatic products from the bacterial isolates of healthy date palm leaves were primarily 33% amylolytic enzyme, 33 % cellulase, 25 % pectinase, and 25 % lipase. the isolates from brittle leaf disease date palm leaves, on the other hand, were noted to ...201525432343
isolation and characterization of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria from date palm tree (phoenix dactylifera l.) and their potential role in salinity tolerance.endophytic bacteria were isolated from date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) seedling roots, characterized and tested for their ability to help plants grow under saline conditions. molecular characterization showed that the majority of these strains belonged to the genera bacillus and enterobacter and had different degrees of resistance to various antibiotics. some of these strains were able to produce the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase and the plant growth regulatory ...201525860542
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